英美概况复习资料教学文稿

《英美概况》讲稿——美国部分美国部分.........................................................第一章美国地理位置Geography................第二章美国人口种族Population，Race and Ethnic groups................第三章美国历史（一）American History(I)................第四章美国历史（二）American History(II)................第五章美国历史（三）American History(III)................第六章美国经济The Economy................第七章政治制度Political institution................第八章美国教育Education................第九章文化建筑和音乐Literature, Architecture and Music................第十章节日和假期Holidays and Festivals美国部分.........................................................第十三章美国地理位置Geography................第十四章美国人口种族Population，Race and Ethnic groups................第十五章美国历史（一）American History(I)................第十六章美国历史（二）American History(II)................第十七章美国历史（三）American History(III)................第十八章美国经济The Economy................第十九章政治制度Political institution................第二十章美国教育Education................第二十一章文化建筑和音乐Literature, Architecture and Music ................第二十二章节日和假期Holidays and Festivals英美概况精讲——美国部分Chapter 1 geography 地理位置1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American. Alaska northwestern Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。

英美概况考试重点复习材料〔英国部分〕Chapter 1第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称与其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。

2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠与北爱尔兰联合王国。

3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛〔较大的一个〕和爱尔兰岛，与成千上万个小岛组成。

4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。

(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。

Melting Pot: Immigrants from different regions and cultures came to live in the United States, their old ways of life melt away and they became part of the American culture・WASPs: WASPS are the mainstream Americans, referring to the white Anglo-Saxon ProtestantsThe Hispanics: The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America, which was once dominated by the Spanish Empire・American Indians: The Indian peoples are known as the first Americans. When Columbus landed in the New World in 1492, he thought he had reached India and called the natives Indians・Separation of powers: Under the federalist system, the federal and the state governments have separate and distinct powers laid down in the Constitutio n.^Winner-take-air5principle: The party that wins most votes (simple majority) in a state wins all the electoral votes for the state and the defeated party gets none・Federalism: Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between U.S. state governments and the federal government of the United States・ Since the founding of the country, and particularly with the end of the American Civil War, power shifted away from the states and towards the national government.Thanksgiving Day: It's on the fourth Thursday of Novembe匚It is a typicalAmerican holiday that originated in the colonial time・ It is an annual day for people to thank God for the blessing they have enjoyed during the yea 匚The theme of thanksgiving has always been peace and plenty, health and happiness・Independence Day: It9s on July 4. It is American^ most important patriotic holiday and the birthday of the nation.Easter Sunday: It's on the first Sunday after the full moon that occurs on or after March 21, and it is for celebrating the rising of Jesus Christ from his tomb three days after his death・Halloween: In the US, Halloween falls on Oct 31. It's a nighttime children's day and a time for frightening costumes, masks, parties, games and tricks― all for fun..Mayflower Compact: It was signed by all adult male passengers on the ship. They agreed to stick together, to abide by majority role, to have a right to choose their own leader. It was the beginning of the US democracy.1The Sugar Act: In 1764, the English Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which imposed import duties on non-English cloth, indigo, coffee, wine, sugar, and molasses.2The Stamp Act: In 1765, the Stamp Act was carried by the English Parliament. The act, aimed to collect more taxes, provided that stamp paper must be used for all legal documents, pamphlets, newspapers, college diplomas, bonds, contracts, bills of sales, license, leases and many otherarticles.3Boston Massacre: In March 1770, several boys threw snowballs at the English soldiers guarding the office building for collecting import duties in Boston. As more people gathered and pushed forward, the jumpy soldiers fired into the crowd, killing five protesters・4The Boston Tea Party: On the night of December 16, 1773, a band of 50 men disguised as Indians and led by Samuel Adams, boarded three British tea-bearing ships lying at anchor in Boston Harbor and dumped their 340 chests of tea cargo into the sea・5The Second Continental Congress: While the alarms of Lexington were still resounding, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, in Independence Hall. The Second Continental Congress agreed to take steps to organize and equip an American army and appointed George Washington commander in chief of the American forces. Congress also provided for asking help from other countries, especially France which was a rival of Britain. All these steps were aimed at preparing for armed struggles to protect their liberties.6The Declaration of Independence: The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule・The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitledto have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of governments: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke・7 Significance of Independence War: The American War of Independence was an event of great historic importance・By smashing the fetters of British rule, it gave the colonies their right to national independence and assured U.S. capitalism of a free development. It was the first large-scale revolutionary movement of a colonial people against national oppression一for political and economic emancipation. The revolution shook the foundation of feudalism all over Europe. It directly led to the French Revolution in 1789 and some fifty years later, to the revolutions in the Spanish colonies in America・The Constitutional Convention: In 1787, a conference was held in Philadelphia to consider what should be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate・ All the delegates agreed to revise the Articles of Confederation and draw up a new plan of government. After struggle, the Constitution was ratified at last. This con fere nee is called the Constitutional Convention.The Bill of Rights: In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House ofRepresentatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and the first ten amendments to the constitution were called the Bills of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties.The Great Depression: It took place from 1929 to 1933. In 1929, there swept a "Great crash^^・ The New York Stock Market failed money banks closed down, many shops shut down too. In 1933, 13 million people best their job. Agriculture got worse for the products found no market. Plenty of “extra" goods and products were destroyed.The “New Deal”：When Franklin • D • Roosevelt was elected American President in 1932, American was in the Great Depression. In order to save the situation, he made a program to deal with the economic emergency. This program is known as the "New Deal”. According to the "New Deal", Roosevelt took efforts to consolid the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones・ At home, many public projects, were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agriculture production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were compelled to make reforms Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security" playi ng pension to the old unemployed and the injured. The "New Deal" relaxed the economic crisis made some concessions to the working people・ The more importantthing is that the Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.The civil War:It was during 1861 to 1865.The cause: The issue of slavery became the focus in American politics, economics and cultural life. The important point is the contradiction between the two different economic forms. The direct reason is Abraham Lincoln selected the president, the southern states almost immediately began to secede from the Federal Union, and 11 southern states proclaimed themselves an independent nation.The beginning: In 1861, the South opened the 行Te.The process of the Civil War:The first stage (186862 summer): Failure after failure came to the North. The second stage: (1862, 9一1865, 4) In 1862, the Homestead Act was passed・ Lincoln announced the famous Emancipation Proclamation. It provided that all the slaves in the rebel states be freed on January 1, 1863 and they were welcome to join the Union troops・ In July 1863, the turning point of the war came at Gettysburg, the Union army defeated the Confederate army led by General Lee.The third stage: the victory. In 1865, the north defeated the south, and Richmond was abandoned.Influence of the war: Realize the unification of the American nation. Endthe slavery system. Sweep away the last obstacle to the development of U.S. capitalism.。

英美概况英国期末考试复习资料I国家概述1,The Union Jackred cross: Englandwhite saltire: Scotlandred saltire: Northern Ireland2,This is the Welsh flag (Welsh Dragon). It is not represented in the UK Flag becauseWales was ruled directly from London.(before the 1st version of UK flag, Wales had already been conquered and considered to be part of England) 3,Motto of the UKGod and my right. (English)天有上帝,我有权利。

II climate1,Does Britain have a favorable climate？Why？Because a maritime type of climate—winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot;It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year;It has a small range of temperature & lack of extremes.2,What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences;Britain is mainly influenced by the prevailing south-west winds across theAtlantic, which bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperature moderate;The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.III History of BritainEarly Settlers (5000BC-55BC)1, How about their civilization? (What did they bring with them?)a) The art of pottery makingb) The ability to fashion (ornament with patterns) bronzetoolsc) The custom of individual buriald) The hill forts (堡垒) and small fortified towns (筑堡城镇).The Maiden Castle is one of the finest examples.2, What was their religion?Druidism（德鲁伊德教），the Druids—the wise men,astrologers, soothsayersIV Transition to Modern Age (1455-1688)1,What happened during the 17th century?During the 17th century Puritanism became a political movement: the parliamentarians who fought Charles I and took power under Cromwell were Puritans, and the struggle between the king and parliament is also known as the Puritan Revolution. 2,What else were the Puritans called?After the Restoration of 1660 the Puritans left the Church, and from then on were known as Dissenters or Nonconformists. 3．The consequences of the Civil Wars(1) the English Civil Wars not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of feudal rule in Europe.(2) It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.(3) The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution, as the King’s opponents were mainly Puritan.4,How did the “Glorious Revolution”break out?A. James II’s revival of Catholicism in Englanda. When Charles II died, his brother succeeded, becoming James II.b. James, who was brought up in exile in Europe, was aCatholic.c. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious views.B. Intolerance of Catholic and dethrone of the Kinga. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic as king in 1688 than 40 years ago.b. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king.C. Co-monarchsa. William of Orange（奥兰治王室）, James’s Dutch nephew and husband of Mary, James’s daughter, was invited to invade and take the English throne.b. William and Mary were invited for joint rule, and they jointly accepted the Bill of Rights.D. the takeover with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the King, therefore became known as the Glorious Revolution. 5,The Bill of Rights 《权⼒法案》In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly.(1) The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession(2) confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy(3) and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses.(4) Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.V.Judiciary(Headed by Lord Chancellor)VI Economy1,Economic declinetwo World Wars—great economic lossthe era of the British Empire was over—decolonization (losses of raw material & market)military expense (until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s)2,Current British Economythe world's fifth largest economy(after US, Japan, Germany and China)The UK's people are the world's twelfth richest Sterling—performed relatively well against major currencies in recent years 五，福利六，宗教1，Who is the founder of Christianity?Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem, is the founder of Christianity.2，Who is Jesus Christ?Jesus Christ is the Son of God. He came to earth to teachabout love and fellowship. He represents the person that all Christians must strive to be.Jesus was a Jew who was born about 2000 years ago in Bethlehem(1.伯利恒(耶路撒泠南⽅六英⾥⼀市镇,耶稣诞⽣地)). Jesus lived for 33 years before being crucified by the Romans. 3,What other names is Jesus known by?Son of GodLight of the WorldLamb of GodThe Good Shepherd.4,What do Christians believe?Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the Son of God and that:God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from the consequences of its sinsJesus was fully human, and experienced this world in the same way as other human beings of his timeJesus was tortured and gave his life on the Cross (At the Crucifixion)Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his Crucifixion (the Resurrection)Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah promised in theOld TestamentChristians believe that there is only one God, but that this one God consists of 3 "persons"七，教育，假期1，Christmas→the biggest and the most popular British holiday celebrated on December 25th.→to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ.→People usually decorate homes with evergreen plants, Christmas trees and ornaments.→They exchange gifts and Christmas cards.⼋，⽣活1，Holidays and Festivals in Britainthe Christmas 'pantomimeBoxing Dayto hear the Queen give her Christmas message九，政治1，What's the role of the Queen or King?The head of everything but ruler of nothing.head of the statean integral part of the legislaturehead of the executivehead of the judiciarythe commander-in-chief of all armed forces of the Crownthe ‘supreme Governor’of the Church of England.2，The importance of the monarchy:Is found in its effect on public attitudeIs used to represent the continuity and adaptability of the whole political systemIs used as a symbol of the unity of the whole country, an acceptable bound among the peoples who retain many regional and cultural differences.People are convinced that the Queen has no bias towards any nation and exists to help preserve the people's rights, the right to personal property and the right not to be imprisoned without a trial.It is primarily to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British state.3 .What's your idea about UK keeping the monarch?A.Theoretically, the King or Queen is the source of all government powers. He/She is the head of the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces.B,In reality, the King or Queen does everything on the advice of the Prime Minister, and his/her role is symbolic, ceremonial, and not political.C,The monarch is the personal embodiment of the British government and a symbol of British unity, representing the continuity of the whole political system. So the stability of the D,British government owes much to the monarchy.E,The monarch can meet the PM on weekly basis at Buckingham Palace, give the Royal Assent to any new law that has been passed by Parliament, act as a final check on a government that is becoming dictatorial.F，As a figurehead to represent the country, the monarch can perform the following ceremonial duties:paying state visits to Commonwealthcountries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of theBritish government, etc.⼗，议会1，What are the main functions of Parliament?to pass lawsto provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of governmentto scrutinise government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditureto debate the major issues of the day2，the House of Lords: the upper house上议院the Lords Spiritual (the senior bishops of the Church of England 神职议员)the Lords Temporal (members of the Peerage ⾮神职议员)the members are not elected by the population at large but are appointed by past or current governments.3，the House of Commons: the lower house下议院a democratically elected chamber with elections held at least every 5 yearsMPs comes from 646 constituencies of roughly equal population.4,What Goes on in the House of Commons?Many hours are spent debating issues of national and international importance.Most often a motion is proposed by one or two of theGovernment’s front benchers and then the same number of persons from the Opposition front benches oppose it.The Speaker decides who is allowed to speak and he/she must ensure that each side is given equal opportunity and time to speak.After the debate the MPs vote for or against the motion. MPs vote by going into ‘lobbies’, one for ‘yes’and one for ‘no’votes where they are counted.After the votes are counted the results are announced in the chamber.⼗⼀政体1，2，The Political Parties(1) the Conservative party(2) the Labour party(3) the Liberal Democrats3，The Prime Ministeris appointed by the Queen.is the leader of his party in the House of Commonsis the head of governmenthas the right to select his cabinet, hand out departmental positions, decide the agenda for cabinet meetings which he also chairs.can dismiss ministers if this is requiredkeeps the Queen informed of government decisionshe exercises wide powers of appointments in the civil service, church and judiciary .4,What is the Cabinet?The collective decision-making (executive) body, composed of the Prime Minister and the most senior of the government ministersThe most senior members of the Cabinet are:PM, Deputy PM, Foreign Secretary, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary. All Cabinet members are serving MP's or peers.Oppositions have a ‘Shadow Cabinet’.。

英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况是学习英语的重要一环，了解英语国家的历史、文化、地理等方面，有助于更好地理解和运用英语。

在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些关于英语国家的基本知识，帮助大家复习和加深对这些国家的了解。

一、英国（United Kingdom）英国是英语的发源地，也是英语国家中最重要的一个。

它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。

英国是一个具有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家，拥有众多的文学、音乐和戏剧作品。

莎士比亚、狄更斯、毛姆等伟大的作家都出自英国。

此外，英国还有许多著名大学，如剑桥大学和牛津大学。

二、美国（United States）美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。

它拥有丰富的资源和多元化的文化。

美国是一个移民国家，各种不同的文化和宗教在这里融合。

美国有众多著名的城市，如纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥，每个城市都有其独特的魅力和特色。

此外，美国还是全球科技和创新的领导者，许多世界知名的科技公司都来自美国。

三、加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲的一个国家，是英语和法语并存的国家。

加拿大是一个拥有广阔土地和丰富资源的国家，同时也是一个多元文化的国家。

加拿大的自然风光非常壮观，有着世界上最美丽的国家公园和湖泊。

此外，加拿大在教育和医疗领域也非常发达，拥有世界一流的大学和医疗系统。

四、澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，也是一个英语国家。

澳大利亚拥有宽广的土地和独特的动植物资源，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。

澳大利亚的自然环境非常独特，有着世界上最壮观的珊瑚礁和大堡礁。

此外，澳大利亚还以其高质量的教育和研究机构而闻名，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。

五、新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，也是一个英语国家。

新西兰的自然环境非常优美，有着壮丽的山脉、湖泊和海岸线。

新西兰是一个农业和旅游业发达的国家，其乳制品和葡萄酒在世界上享有盛誉。

英美国家概况复习材料英美国家概况复习材料1.PuritanismPuritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believe that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were God’s chosen while others were damned to hell. No church nor good works could save people. The sign of being God’s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establish a direct contact with God. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.2.The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all mem were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments were to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.3.The Articles of ConfederationAfter the War of Independence was won, the new nation of the United States was organized under the agreement of the Articles of Confederation with a weak national government calledthe Congress. Each state had its own government, made ists own laws and handled its internal affairs. The states did not cooperate with the Congress and with each other. The Congress had no power to force any state to contribute money to the national government and the Congress could not tax any citizen either. Asa result, the Articles of Confederation failed.4.The making of the US ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation failed. The Congress decided to hold a constitutional convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. The delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refused to participate) gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up in writing a new constitution and set a federal system with a strong central government. The Constitution provided that an election of the president would be called, federal laws would be made only by aCongress made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate and a Supreme Court would be set up. This new Constitution was finally approved by the majority of the citizens in over 9 of the 13 states and was officially put into effect in 1787.5.Industrial Revolution in AmericaAfter independence, America was principally an agricultural country. The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. One key development was the introduction of the factory system. A second development was the “American system”of mass production. A third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks. A fourth development was the emergence of new forms of business organization----the bank and corporation.6.The executiveThe chief executive is the president, who is elected to a four-year term. A president can be elected to only two terms according to an amendment passed in 1951. The president can propose legislation to Congress. He can veto any bill passes by Congress. The veto can be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both houses. The president can appoint federal judges as vacancies occur. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces. The president has other broad authorities in running the government departments and handling foreign relations.7.Industrial Revolution inAmericaAfter independence, America was principle an agricultural country. The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. One key development was the introduction of the factory system. A second development was the “American system” of mass production. A third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks. A forth development was the emergence of new forms of business organization—the bank and corporation.8.Religious diversityFrontier America made the United States a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Many religious communities and secular utopias, experiments in new forms of social living, were founded in 18th and 19th century America. Many small sects and cults appear in America society all the time. They have certain tendencies in common. They regard the larger society as hopelessly corrupt. Some of them never win a large following, but some others prosper and graduate into the rank of the respectable denominations. Some non-Western religions such as Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism are also growing.9.The “ Lost Generation”In the aftermath of World War I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment. Some lived in Europe. They were known as the “Lost generation”. Two of the mostrepresentative writers of the “Lost Generation”were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.10.Higher educationIn America, higher education refers to education on the college level. America higher education includes four categories of institutions. They are the university, the four-year undergraduate institution ( the college) the technical training institution and the two-year or community college. Some are supported by public funds and some by private funds. Many universities and colleges have won reputations for providing their students with a higher quality of education. The great majority are providing their students with a higher quality of education. The great majority are generally regarded as quite satisfactory.11.The civil rights movementIt is one of the most important spontaneous action in1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement. The black students’ sit-in at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement. During the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like SNCC, CORE, and SCLC struggled for racial integration by providing leadership, tactics, network and people. In the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end dis crimination12.CountercultureIn the wake of the free Speech Movement and the New Left, there appeared a phenomenon that historians called the “counterculture.”The counterculture rejected capitalism and other American principles. They had morals different from those taught by their parents. Some groups pf youth tried to construct different ways of life. Among the most famous were the hippies. They sought new experience through dropping out, and drug taking. But it was music, rock music in particular, that became the chief vehicle for the counter cultural assault on the traditional American society. The counterculture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social morals, marriage, career and success.13.Poverty as a social problemThe United States is one of the wealthiest countries in the world. Yet over 24 million people or about 10% of the population are living at or below the official poverty line, incomes that the federal government considers insufficient to meet basic requirement of food, clothing, and shelter. There are millions more living slightly above the poverty line, whose plight is not much better. Also, the social services in the United States compare unfavorably with those in most industrialized societies. Furthermore, the affluent majority seems indifferent to the problems of the poor. This raises some serious moral problems and inevitably creates fierce conflicts of interest and many political controversies. Therefore, poverty in the United States is a big social problem.。

大二英美概况知识点总结随着全球化进程的加速，英美国家在国际经济以及政治上的地位越来越重要，因此，对于学习国际关系以及深入了解英美国家的历史、政治、经济、社会、文化等方面的内容显得尤为重要。

本文将从这些方面紧密结合大二英美概况课程的教学内容，为广大读者详细讲解相关知识点。

一、英美国家的历史英美国家的历史可以追溯到几个世纪前，这其中涉及到很多重大事件和重要人物。

在学习英美概况的过程中，对这些事件和人物的了解也是必须的。

首先，我们需要了解的是殖民时期。

英国曾经控制了大量的殖民地，其中包括美国。

殖民时期的谈判、战争和建设形成了美国的原始社会和文化。

在美国革命期间，美国获得了独立，并成为世界上第一个真正意义上的“自由”国家之一。

较为重要的人物包括乔治·华盛顿、托马斯·杰斐逊等。

此外，我们还需要了解20世纪的历史事件。

第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战对英美国家都产生了深远的影响。

二战后，美国的经济实力快速崛起，并在全球拥有了极大的影响力。

这个阶段的重要人物包括富兰克林·罗斯福、温斯顿·丘吉尔等。

二、英美国家的政治制度英美国家的政治制度非常重要，因为政治制度是社会运作的基本框架。

两国虽然拥有各自独立的政治制度，但又互相交流、学习吸收，因此有许多共性。

首先是英美的民主制度。

英美两国的民主制度比较成熟，包括选举等完备的程序性规定。

英美民主制度的实现离不开一个完备的司法制度和独立的新闻媒体，这一点在美国的选举中十分明显。

其次是英美的联邦制度。

联邦制度是英美国家的一大特色，它体现在中央政府和地方政府之间有一定的自治和更大的自主权。

美国的联邦制度尤为明显，由50个州组成，每个州的机构层次也独立。

英国则采取类似的联合国制度。

最后要强调的是英美国家的政治文化。

英美国家对于人权、平等、自由的追求贯穿了其政治文化的各个方面，这种文化对于英美的民主体制发挥了至关重要的作用。

三、英美国家的经济状况英美国家都是世界上最强大的经济体之一，其各自的发展模式也各具特色。

章节名称：英国地理与文化教学目标：1. 了解英国的地理位置和地形特点。

2. 掌握英国的主要城市和旅游景点。

3. 了解英国的文化传统和现代发展。

教学内容：1. 英国的地理位置和地形特点。

2. 英国的主要城市和旅游景点，如伦敦、牛津、剑桥等。

3. 英国的文化传统，如皇室、剧院、博物馆等。

4. 英国的现代发展，如经济、教育、科技等。

教学活动：1. 引入话题：通过英国的地图和图片，引起学生对英国地理和文化的兴趣。

2. 讲解知识点：讲解英国的地理位置、地形特点、主要城市和旅游景点。

3. 小组讨论：让学生分组讨论英国的文化传统和现代发展，分享自己的了解和观点。

4. 案例分析：分析英国的皇室、剧院、博物馆等文化传统，以及经济、教育、科技等现代发展。

教学评估：1. 课堂参与度：观察学生在课堂上的积极参与程度和提问回答情况。

2. 小组讨论：评估学生在小组讨论中的表现和合作能力。

3. 案例分析：评估学生在案例分析中的分析和思考能力。

章节名称：美国地理与文化教学目标：1. 了解美国的地理位置和地形特点。

2. 掌握美国的主要城市和旅游景点。

3. 了解美国的文化传统和现代发展。

教学内容：1. 美国的地理位置和地形特点。

2. 美国的主要城市和旅游景点，如纽约、华盛顿、旧金山等。

3. 美国的文化传统，如多元文化、宗教、节日等。

4. 美国的现代发展，如经济、教育、科技等。

教学活动：1. 引入话题：通过美国的地图和图片，引起学生对美国地理和文化的兴趣。

2. 讲解知识点：讲解美国的地理位置、地形特点、主要城市和旅游景点。

3. 小组讨论：让学生分组讨论美国的文化传统和现代发展，分享自己的了解和观点。

4. 案例分析：分析美国的多元文化、宗教、节日等文化传统，以及经济、教育、科技等现代发展。

教学评估：1. 课堂参与度：观察学生在课堂上的积极参与程度和提问回答情况。

2. 小组讨论：评估学生在小组讨论中的表现和合作能力。

3. 案例分析：评估学生在案例分析中的分析和思考能力。

大二英美概况知识点总结在大二的学习中，英美概况这门课程为我们打开了了解英美国家的一扇窗。

通过这门课程，我们对英美两国的历史、政治、经济、文化等方面有了更全面和深入的认识。

以下是对大二英美概况课程知识点的总结。

一、英国概况1、地理英国位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。

英国的主要岛屿包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛东北部和一些小岛。

其气候温和湿润，属于温带海洋性气候。

2、历史英国的历史悠久且丰富。

从罗马统治时期，到盎格鲁撒克逊人的入侵，再到诺曼征服，英国的政治和社会结构不断演变。

工业革命使英国成为世界上第一个工业化国家，拥有强大的经济和军事实力，建立了庞大的殖民地。

3、政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，女王是国家元首，但权力主要由议会和政府行使。

英国议会分为上议院和下议院，政府由首相领导。

英国的政党制度主要有保守党和工党。

4、经济英国是世界上重要的经济体之一，其经济以服务业为主，特别是金融服务业。

伦敦是全球重要的金融中心之一。

制造业和农业在英国经济中也占有一定地位。

5、文化英国文化底蕴深厚，在文学、艺术、音乐、戏剧等领域有着卓越的成就。

从莎士比亚的戏剧到简·奥斯汀的小说，从披头士乐队到皇家芭蕾舞团，英国的文化影响力广泛。

此外，英国的教育体系也备受世界瞩目，拥有众多顶尖的大学。

二、美国概况1、地理美国位于北美洲中部，领土还包括北美洲西北部的阿拉斯加和太平洋中部的夏威夷群岛。

美国地形多样，有山脉、平原、高原和沙漠等。

气候类型丰富，从寒带到热带都有分布。

2、历史美国原为印第安人的聚居地，15 世纪末，西班牙、荷兰、法国、英国等相继移民至此。

通过独立战争，美国摆脱了英国的殖民统治，建立了联邦制国家。

美国在 19 世纪通过领土扩张和工业发展迅速崛起，成为世界强国。

3、政治美国是一个联邦制国家，实行三权分立的政治制度，行政权由总统行使，立法权属于国会，司法权属于最高法院。

英美概况教程知识点总结英国和美国是世界上最具影响力、最发达的国家之一，两国在政治、经济、文化、教育等方面都具有举足轻重的地位。

了解英美的概况对于拓展视野、增进知识十分重要。

本文将对英美概况进行详细总结，希望能为读者提供全面的了解。

一、英国概况1. 地理位置英国位于欧洲西部，东临英吉利海峡，北面是北海，西北面是爱尔兰海，东北面是北大西洋。

英国主要由大不列颠岛和苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰等岛屿组成。

2. 政治体制英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世，首相则是政府首脑。

3. 经济发展英国是世界第五大经济体，金融、汽车制造、航空航天、化工、制药等产业发达，是全球最大的外汇交易中心。

4. 文化英国是世界文化强国，文学、音乐、艺术、体育等方面都有深厚的底蕴，如莎士比亚、贝多芬、莫扎特等都是国际知名的文化巨匠。

二、美国概况1. 地理位置美国位于北美洲的中心地带，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北面和加拿大相邻，南面与墨西哥相接。

2. 政治体制美国是一个联邦制国家，国家元首是总统，实行三权分立的政治体制。

3. 经济发展美国是世界第一大经济体，工业、农业、科技、金融等方面都处于世界领先地位，是全球最大的出口国和进口国。

4. 文化美国是世界文化强国，好莱坞电影、流行音乐、时尚等文化产业对全球产生深远影响，美国文艺活动也具有世界性影响力。

三、英美概况对比1. 政治体制英国是君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王，政治体制稳定；美国是联邦制国家，国家元首是总统，实行三权分立的政治体制。

2. 经济发展英国虽然是世界经济体，但经济规模和实力与美国相比仍有差距，尤其在科技、金融等方面美国更为发达。

3. 文化影响英国和美国在文化领域都有世界性的影响力，但美国的文化产业更加发达，对全球的影响力更广泛。

四、学习英美概况的重要性1. 拓展视野了解英美的概况可以帮助人们拓展视野，了解世界上其他国家的政治、经济、文化等情况，增强对世界的认识。