大豆新品系主要农艺性状比较分析

D O I:10.19904/14-1160/s.2021.23.003国审大豆品种合农114丰产性、稳产性、适应性及亲本系谱分析郭美玲1,郭泰2*,王志新2,郑伟2,李灿东2,赵海红2,徐杰飞2,张振宇2,赵星棋2 (1.黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086;2.黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院/国家大豆区域技术创新中心/国家大豆产业技术体系佳木斯综合试验站,黑龙江佳木斯154007)摘要:大豆品种合农114是以黑农51为母本、合丰50为父本,经有性杂交系谱法选育而成。

该品种不仅表现为丰产性突出、稳产性强、适应性好的特点,而且油分含量较高,抗逆性强。

其亲本系谱由77个不同来源的亲本材料组成,其中核心祖先亲本18个、直接亲本59个,聚合与累加了亲本的优良基因与性状,品种遗传基础好。

为了挖掘品种转化优势与潜力,文章对该品种丰产性、稳产性、适应性及亲本系谱进行了分析。

该品种既是生产应用的优良品种,也是品种改良创新的优异种质资源。

关键词:合农114;亲本系谱;大豆品种;丰产性;稳产性;适应性文章编号:1005-2690(2021)23-0005-04中国图书分类号:S565.1文献标志码:B大豆品种合农114是黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院2006年以黑农51(哈90-614×黑农37)为母本、合丰50(合丰35×合交95-1101)为父本,经有性杂交系谱法选择育成。

该品种2016—2017年参加国家北方春大豆中早熟组(对照品种合交02-69)品种区域与生产试验,2018年由国家农作物品种审定委员会审定推广,审定编号为国审豆20180011,同年获得植物新品种保护权,品种权号为CNA20171066.6[1]。

该品种经过进化与改良创新,聚合与累加了核心祖先亲本与直接亲本的优良基因与性状,拓宽了品种血缘关系,改良了品种遗传基础,提升了品种的遗传潜力与生产潜力,生产种植中不仅表现出丰产性突出、稳产性强、适应性好等特点,而且品质优良、抗逆性强,其中中抗灰斑病(MR),抗病毒病SMVⅠ号株系(R),特别是油分含量较高(21.24%),为生产急需的优良品种,深受生产单位欢迎,成果转化前景好。

试 验 研 究农业开发与装备 2019年第5期摘要：对2018年辽宁省15个菜用大豆品种进行比较试验，通过产量性状、农艺性状、抗病性及转基因分析，结果得出：辽鲜豆20、辽鲜豆21、铁鲜10、开新1号、雨农豆8号、茂优66、铁鲜8号和辽鲜豆16八个品种产量表现突出，农艺性状优异，抗炭疽病、抗病毒病。

建议进行下一年复试及生产试验；开鲜3号和开鲜豆3号建议报审。

关键词：大豆；菜用；比较试验0　引言菜用大豆是我国的主要粮食作物之一，市场比较稀缺，为筛选出适合本地区种植的优良菜用大豆品种，特在辽宁省各个地区进行了菜豆大豆品种比较试验，掌握各个品种适合在本地的适应性、丰产性、优质性、抗病性选出适合在辽宁省种植的优质、高产菜用型大豆。

1　材料与方法1.1　试验时间和地点试验时间在2018年5月～10月。

试验地点分别设在铁岭、沈阳、辽阳、开原和锦州，前茬作物均为玉米，肥力中上，交通便利，地块形状规整。

1.2　试验材料试验材料选择菜用的15个品系，分别由省内8家选育单位提供。

开原市宏丰种子有限公司选育的开鲜3号；李子升选育的开鲜豆3号、开新1号；铁岭市农业科学院选育的铁鲜8号、铁鲜9号、铁鲜10；辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所选育的辽鲜豆16、辽鲜豆20、辽鲜豆21、辽鲜豆22；开原市权成种业有限公司选育的双福7号、双福8号；铁岭市维奎大豆科学研究所选育雨农豆8号；辽宁东亚种业有限公司选育的东鲜3号；开原市茂华种业有限公司选育的茂优6；以抚鲜3号为对照品种。

1.3　试验设计采用随机区组法。

三次重复，5行区，行长3 m～4 m，行距50 cm～60 cm，穴距15 cm～17 cm，种植密度1.4万株/667m2，参试品系3粒～5粒下种，对照4粒～6粒下种，出苗后每穴留苗2株，小区播种面积为8.3 m2～12.0 m2，小区实收面积4.0 m2～6.1 m2。

1.4　试验管理加强田间管理，重点进行病虫和杂草的防治和清除。

银染方法为：用 10%酒精+0.5%乙酸固定凝胶 3 min，接着在 10%酒精+0.5%乙酸+0.2% AgNO3 中染色 5 min，清水漂洗 2 min 后在 3% NaOH+0.5%甲醛中显 色 5～10min。照相。 1.3 性状调查
QTL 分析用的农艺性状是两年三点的均值。大部 分性状的调查标准参照《中国大豆品种志》来进行， 并参考了相关研究文献。
(Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin 150030)
Abstract: 【Objective】Soybean is a major crop, whose most agronomic traits are quantitative. Locating these quantitative trait loci in soybean genes has strong application values. 【Method】A F2:10 RIL population containing 154 lines derived from cross between Charleston as female and Dongnong 594 as male parent were used in this experiment. A genetic linkage map was constructed with 164 SSR primers screened in two parents and amplified in the 154 line population. 12 agronomic traits showing polymorphic in parents were investigated and QTLs were analyzed. QTLs of all the traits were analyzed with software Windows QTL Cartographer V2.0. 【Result】The agronomic traits included the following quality traits: protein content, oil content, content of protein and oil; yield traits: pods per plant, seed weight per plant, 100 seeds weight; and other agronomic traits such as plant height, days to maturity, branches, nod number in main stem, average leaf length, average leaf width. Results showed that a total of 68 QTLs were found in 12 agronomic traits. Number of QTLs per trait varied from 3 in average leaf width to 11 in 100 seeds weight and plant height, with an average of 5.8. Good accordance was displayed in many QTLs between our results and those obtained by related studies. These QTLs may provide valuable information for soybean molecular marker assistant breeding selection.【Conclusion】In this study, 68 major QTLs of 12 important soybean agronomic traits were located.

豆的选育提供一定的理论依据。结果表明，大豆主茎节数、株高和单荚粒数的变异系数较小；产量与有效分枝和单
株荚数呈极显著正相关，与单荚粒数、百粒质量呈显著正相关；主成分分析提成分因子，累计贡献率高达 93.13% ；聚类分析结果显示，10 个品系划分为 3 大类，并分
（1.山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所，山西 太原 030031；2.晋中市气象局，山西 晋中 030006）
摘 要院为了了解山西省大豆分类特性及农艺性状差异，研究基于 2016—2017 年山西省多点区域试验的 10 个品
系大豆，分析了其农艺性状差异，并进行了变异分析、相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析，结果可为山西省高产大
Abstract：To understand the difference of classification characteristics and agronom ic characters of soybean in Shanxi province, this study analyzed the differences of agronom ic characters of 10 varieties of soybean based on m ulti-site regional trials in Shanxi province from 2016 to 2017,and carried outvariation analysis,correlation analysis,principal com ponent analysis and cluster analysis, w hich could provide a certain theory forhigh-yield soybean breeding in Shanxiprovince.The results show ed thatthe variation coefficient of m ain stem nodes, plant height and single pod num ber of soybean w as less. The yield w as significantly positively correlated w ith effective branch and pod num ber per plant,and significantly correlated w ith pod num ber per pod and 100-grain quality.The principal com ponentanalysis extracted fourprincipalcom ponentfactors,planttype traitfactor,yield traitfactor,single pod num ber and 100-grain quality,and the cum ulative contribution rate w as up to 93.13% .C luster analysis results show ed thatthe 10 strains w ere divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis, and different w ays to increase yield w ere pointed out. This study reveals the differences and taxonom ic relationships am ong representative soybeans from differentregions in Shanxiprovince in the sam e region.Ithas the vitalsignificance to guide the selection and breeding ofsoybean varieties in Shanxiprovince.