定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句，称为定语。
1. The Making of a Hero is a good novel.2. My father is an engineer.3. There are six books on the table.4. Tom’s mother is a doctor.5. They are my fellow students.6. The lady with a fan is an actress.宾语补足语: 名词、形容词、介词短语、分词1. We consider Mr. Collins a good friend.2. They named the baby Jim.3. Be sure to get everything ready by seven.4. The next morning I found him at his machine again.5. The teacher helped him see his error.6. I heard her singing in the classroom yesterday afternoon.状语: 修饰动词、形容词、副词以及整个句子的句子成分。
1. 他昨天到乡下去了。
2. 今天在中国，许多人都享受公费医疗。
(free medical care)3. 因为有客人，所以她今天不能来。
4. 如果他来，我们将对他说什么呢？5. 这次讲座很有趣。
6. 他学习很努力，很快就赶上别人了。
7. 我十分同意你的意见。
8. 她昨天尽管头痛，仍上班去了。
9. 他跑来了。
10. 非常感谢。
同位语: 是用来对名词（或代词）做进一步解释的。
它可以是单词、短语或从句。
同位语从句是名词从句的一种，置于某些名词之后。
这些名词包括：fact, doubt, idea, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question 等。
句子结构及成分（二）7.定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用………的‟表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
考点1.若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）,定语通常置后。
I have something important to tell you.(important修饰something,却放在后面)There is nothing interesting in the book.（interesting 修饰nothing）考点2.副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们)He went up to a policeman downstairs. （楼下的警察）考点3.单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后The next man is a scientist.The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.（距我家最近的那个商店）考点4.介词短语作定语时要后置The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩）考点5.名词作定语一般用单数，但当woman, man作定语且后面名词为复数时，womanman 也要用复数boy students, apple trees, men doctors, women nurses考点6.动词不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语作定语要后置I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）考点7.动名词、现在分词作定语时的区别This is a swimming pool.(动名词作定语，表功能)The sleeping boy is only five.（现在分词作定语，表正在进行）考点8.Else, 别的，其它的，通常放在不定代词和疑问词后作后置定语Who else do you know?Somebody else might have taken it away.You can see these signs in a hospital. ___ can you see them?A. Where elseB. Where place elseC. Where else placeD. Else where考点9.enough修饰名词可前置或后置, enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。
