教案2句子成分

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卓越个性化教案 GFJW0901

学生姓名 王丹纯 年级 高三 授课时间 1:30-3:20 教师姓名 时老师 课时 2 教学课题 句子成分和句子成分分析

教学目标 熟悉英语的词类,掌握基本的句子成分并能够熟练的分析句子成分。为遣词造句,阅读文章打下坚实基础

重点难点 词类的划分、句子成分的分析

一、句子概说:句子有一定的语法结构和语调,用以表达一个完整独立的概念。句子第一个字母要大写,句子末尾有句号、问号或感叹号。 二、句子的分类:按用途分:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 按结构分:简单句、并列句和复合句 a、简单句:只有一个主谓结构的独立分句叫做简单句。 1、主语+谓语:这种句型可简称为主谓结构(SV),其谓语一般都是不及物动词。如: An accident happened. He arrived. She got up early. 2、主语+谓语+宾语:这种结构可简称为主谓宾结构(SVO),其谓语一般都是及物动词,其宾语多是直接宾语。如: He had read many novels. The house caught fire. He drinks wine. 3、主语+系动词+表语:这种句型可简称为主系表结构(SLP)。如: She is ill. Milk goes bad. He became a scientist. 4、主语+谓语+宾语+补语:这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构(SVOC),其补语为宾语补足语,与宾语一起即构成复合宾语;其谓语是可带这种复合宾语的及物动词。如: The game made me excited. I found the film moving. 5、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:这种句型可简称为主谓直宾间宾,其谓语须是可接双宾语的及物动词。如: My father gave me a good beating. I’ll write you a letter. She bought me a nice skirt. b、 并列句:由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成。常见的并列句结构是:简单句+等立连词+简单句。如: This pen is mine and that is my brother’s. They must stay in water, or they will die. 三、英语中的十大词类:冠词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、动词、连词和感叹词(不同的词类分别充当不同的句法成分) 四、句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语和独立成分 主语 主语是一个句子的主体陈述对象。一般位于句首,可由单词、短语、从句乃句子充当。 ①名词用作主语 卓越个性化教学讲义 2 The table is made of wood. The baby fell down from the bike. ②代词用作主语 He is reliable. It rained heavily. ③数词用作主语 Four is the double of two. Three is enough. ④名词化的形容词用作主语 The beautiful is needed by everyone. Rich and poor are equal in front of law. ⑤动名词用作主语 Swimming is his favorite sport. Smoking is a bad habit. ⑥名词化的过去分词用作主语 The disabled need more care. The wounded are carried to the hospital. ⑦名词化的介词用作主语 The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. ⑧不定式用作主语 To see is to believe. To travel all over the world is a good experience. ⑨从句作主语 Whatever you say doesn’t matter. When the meeting begins is unknown. 谓语 谓语或谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后,谓语由简单动词和调查短语(助动词+主要动词)构成。 ① 由简单动词构成谓语 I hate it. An accident happened. 短语动词也是简单动词 The place has taken off. ② 由动词短语构成谓语 She is bathing. I don’t understand. What has happened? 表语 表语用以表达主语的特征、状态、身份等。 ① 名词用作表语 It’s a pity. She got a piece of cake. The girl will make a good singer. The wedding was last Sunday.(表示“发生”) ② 代词用作表语 So that’s that. It’s him. 卓越个性化教学讲义 3 It’s yours. Whose is the umbrella? ③ 数词用作表语 We are three. I’m twenty-one. ④ 形容词用作表语 He was proud. She gets excited. Tomatoes go bad. ⑤ 副词用作表语 Your answer is neither here nor there. Where are you? Is anybody in? The school is over. ⑥ 不定式用作表语 What we have done is to help you. His proposal was to build another school in the village. The verdict appears to be just. ⑦ 动名词用作表语 The best way to study a foreign language is opening your mouth and speaking as much as possible. My hobby is playing cards. ⑧ 分词用作表语 The story is interesting. I feel surprised at his progress. ⑨ 介词短语用作表语 He is in good health. The man seemed out of breath. I’m of the opposite opinion. ⑩ 从句用作表语 That is why I fail in the exam. This is what I mean. 宾语 宾语是动作的承受者,一般置于及物动词之后。 ① 名词用作宾语 You must face the fact. He would like a cup of coffee. ② 代词用作宾语 I hate him. What does is mean? ③ 数词用作宾语 If you double two, you will get four. ④ 名词化的形容词用作宾语 I will do my possible. He likes to help the poor. ⑤ 名词化的分词用作宾语 He liked to do the unexpected. 卓越个性化教学讲义 4 ⑥不定式用作宾语 I forget to tell him about the news. He likes to play jokes. ⑦动名词用作宾语 I enjoy having dinner with friends. He is considering changing his job. ⑧介词短语用作宾语 He drank between eight and ten bottles of beer. ⑨从句用作宾语 I think it is your fault. He wondered whether she had got married. 补语 补语是一种补足主语和宾语意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语,补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。 ① 主语补足语:主语补足语通常位于主语之前或谓语动词之后;主语补足语位于主语之前,后有逗号,位于谓语动词之后,全句形成了“主+谓+主补”的结构。 Tired and sleepy, she went to bed. He died young. He came back sound. The girl gaped round-eyed. He was found dead. ② 宾语补足语:宾语补足语一般位于宾语之后,为了强调有时也可前置。 His parents called him John. Don’t make others angry. I want him to solve it for me. 定语 定语是用来说明名(代)词的品质与特征的词或词组。 ① 容词用作定语 That is a useful book. He is the most famous writer alive. ② 名词用作定语 a shoe store a baby girl a sports meeting two women doctors ③ 代词用作定语 Your hair needs cutting. He is a classmate of mine. He is a friend of my father’s. ④ 数词用作定语 We need two men. This is the second lesson. ⑤ 副词用作定语(常后置) the light above the way out ⑥ 不定式主语定语