position paper例

在MATLAB中，paperposition是一个用于控制图形在打印或保存为图像时的位置和尺寸的重要属性。

在本文中，我们将探讨paperposition的含义、用法以及其在MATLAB中的应用。

1. paperposition的含义paperposition是MATLAB中用于控制图形在打印或保存为图像时位置和尺寸的属性。

通常情况下，图形在屏幕上的大小和位置可能会和在打印或保存为图像时的大小和位置不一样。

paperposition属性可以帮助用户调整图形在打印或保存为图像时的位置和尺寸，以保证最终输出的图像符合用户的需求。

2. paperposition的用法paperposition是图形对象的一个属性，可以通过设置该属性来调整图形在打印或保存为图像时的位置和尺寸。

用户可以使用set和get 函数来获取或设置paperposition属性的数值。

要将当前图形的paperposition属性设置为四个边界的值为[0, 0, 6, 4]（左下角的X坐标、左下角的Y坐标、宽度、高度），可以使用以下代码：```matlabset(gcf, 'PaperPosition', [0, 0, 6, 4]);```3. MATLAB中paperposition的应用在实际应用中，paperposition属性可以用于控制图形在打印或保存为图像时的大小和位置，以实现按照用户需求生成符合要求的图像。

当用户需要将图形保存为特定尺寸的图像文件时，可以通过设置paperposition属性来控制最终输出图像的大小。

另外，当用户需要在打印时确保图形的位置和尺寸符合特定的打印需求时，也可以通过设置paperposition属性来实现。

在MATLAB中，paperposition属性的灵活运用可以帮助用户更好地控制图形的打印或图像保存过程，从而达到更好的可视化效果。

paperposition是MATLAB中一个重要的图形属性，用于控制图形在打印或保存为图像时的位置和尺寸。

position用作表示地点的先行词例句作名词：位置，方位;地位，职位并作动词：安置;把…放在适当位置英语音标：英 [p??zi??n]美 [p??zn]position的用法1：position的基本意思是“位置,方位”,指人〔物〕所在的地点与其他地点相对而言的方位。

是可数名词。

position的用法2：position用作人时可以指“姿势,姿态”,也可以泛指人的“地位,身份”或“职位,职务”,衍生可以指人对事物持有的“看法,态度”,就是可数名词。

position paper意见书;意向书传教士式姿势一位;第一指位pole position首发边线;杆位;主导地位;领导地位二位;第二姿势;双手在身体两侧伸展并稍向前上方弯曲third position三位;第三把位乌石位fourth position脚的四位;四位;手(或臂)的四位recovery position半站立位莲花坐;趺坐fifth position第五站姿;第五把位;第五臂姿false position被迫做出违心事的处境trendelenburg position特伦德伦伯格氏卧位tuck position抱膝半站立位为了实现出售的承诺而购买证券in a position在某位置;在某立场;处于某种境况financial position金融地位;财政状况;金融定位处在边线支配地位1. they may headhunt her for the vacant position of executive producer.他们可能会挖她去填补执行制片人这一空缺职位。

2. there must be any number of people in my position.一定有很多人处在我这种境况。

3. mack seemed to uncoil slowly up into a standing position.麦克慢慢直起身站了起来。

Committee: Disarmament and International SecurityTopic: Nuclear Test BanCountry: The Republic of Sierra LeoneSchool: High School Academy[Section A should discuss history/background of the issue] The nuclear test ban issue has been the firstitem on the agenda of the Conference on Disarmament since 1978 with good reason. In 1963, the UnitedStates, the United Kingdom, and the USSR entered into the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), whichprohibited testing in the atmosphere and underwater. In 1974, the United States and the USSR enteredinto the Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT) which placed an upper limit of 150 kilotons on nuclear tests.The next logical step, a comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT), has been long overdue. Nuclear weapontesting allows the arms race to continue and even escalate. The implementation of a test ban would slow down the development of new nuclear weapons and thereby slow down the arms race. Furthermore, aCTBT would not, as some states have claimed, threaten the stability of the policy of nuclear deterrence,on which both superpowers rely. In fact, a CTBT would maintain stability by preventing innovations anddevelopments which could potentially give one nuclear state a unilateral advantage. Moreover, theincreasing use of super-computers has essentially eliminated the need for actual testing.[Section B should discuss your country’s position/history on topic] The Republic of Sierra Leone believes disarmament to be crucial for the maintenance of worldwide security and considers a nuclear test ban to be an important step in the process of reaching that goal. Sierra Leone is not a nuclear power nor does it aid other countries in producing nuclear weapons. Our policy in the past has been to work diligently toward a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. We wish to accomplish this goal through negotiation in the Conference on Disarmament. In accordance with this policy, the Resolution 485 banning nuclear testing in Africa and Resolution 781 banning nuclear testing in Southeast Asia received wholehearted support from Sierra Leone. Furthermore, our government received glowing reports from the international press for our stance on the issue. The African Journal wrote that “To mai ntain the fundamental principles of Africa, the UN needs more nations like Sierra Leone” (Volume 48, 1993, pp. 12).[Section C should outline ideas and policy proposals] The Republic of Sierra Leone supports the following proposals for a nuclear test ban treaty:The treaty must be a comprehensive and permanent one. Although Japan’s proposal to have a progressive lowering of the threshold limit until it reached zero is an interesting idea, not only does this legitimize nuclear weapon testing, it also delays a true resolution of the problem. In addition, it gives the nuclear states a greater opportunity to escape their obligations through inevitable loopholes in the treaty.Although peaceful nuclear explosions could potentially bring about beneficial results, the nearly insurmountable difficulty in differentiating between nuclear tests for weapons and nuclear tests for peaceful purposes makes such a distinction infeasible. The proposal that a state must provide the Secretary-General with all relevant data about the planned explosion is laudable, yet proper assurance of the peaceful nature of a test would require a degree of monitoring to which most nuclear states would not agree.States can rely not only on all national means of verification which are consistent with international law, but also an international verification system. Current seismic monitoring systems, such as the Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR), are sufficiently advanced to determine whether states are complying with a CTBT. In addition, the 1984 experiment involving the World Meteorological Organization/Global Telecommunications System (WMO/GTS) illustrates the viability of an international seismic network. As per the Ad Hoc Group’s report, Sierra Leone is in favor of an international network of seismic monitoring stations which would send their data to International Data Centers (IDCs) for analysis. These IDCs wouldautomatically give out type I data (basic information) with type II data (data subjected to more advancedanalysis) available upon request. Of course, even after the conclusion of a CTBT, there should be furtherresearch into the development of even more sensitive and accurate seismic monitoring equipment andanalysis techniques. If the test ban treaty involved the gradual reduction of the threshold limit, then that limit should reflect current seismic monitoring technology. In addition, on-site inspections should beallowed.Regarding compliance, a test ban treaty is of such paramount importance that violators should bepunished. Yet the fact remains that embargoes would most likely have little if any effect on most nuclearstates. Perhaps compliance measures will eventually rely on first convincing the superpowers, and anyother nuclear states, to enter into a CTBT and then getting the superpowers themselves to ensure that theirallies abide by the treaty.。

立场文件写作指导立场文件的概念立场文件是某个国家或组织在某个特定议题上的立场概要。

英文为Position Paper (PP)。

立场文件的作用(1)对你:了解别国立场;早期正式发言的主要参照材料,有的代表正式辩论看是时上去就直接读他们立场文件了。

当然后期就不行了,需要根据会议的进程做更改。

(2)对别国:了解你的立场(3)对各国:确定国家间是否具有共同的目标和利益等等,是否有可能进行协商和合作。

立场文件的准备在撰写立场文件之前,需要了解该国关于该议题的相关背景资料以及最近的发展动态,在此过程中,需要查找大量的资料,并对其进行辨析与筛选。

在准备阶段,基于国家立场,应:1 理解背景指导中所写的内容2 找出你所代表国家的兴趣3 思考:问题是什么?它有什么样的影响?它的起因是什么?有什么方法可以解决?立场文件的格式代表:国家:委员会:议题:正文:第一段对议题的概述。

简单介绍目前这一议题的国际形势以及其形成原因第二段罗列国际社会为此所作出的努力,如会议、文件等第三段自己国家的立场,观点,以及针对议题采取了什么措施,将要采取什么措施。

第四段说明其原因,估计未来这一问题的走势,并罗列出具体解决方法第五段对国际社会进行呼吁,结束全文注意:最后一部分进行呼吁和展望不要过于具体阐述细节。

用词简练、正式,尽量运用外交辞令。

必要时候提供数据,不要过多罗列数字。

运用脚注表明引用。

注意篇幅。

文章结构清晰、条理分明,不多于2页。

立场文件作为会议要求的正式文件,在用词方面也有固定的要求。

用词要求正式,避免口语化的表达。

一般,立场文件都采用第三人称“中国认为(China thinks)、美国代表团相信(the US Del egation believes)”等等,而不用“你、我、他”。

同时立场文件的表达应当简洁明了,尽量不要采用修辞、排比等过于文学的表达方式。

由于篇幅有限,立场文件应该围绕议题和国家立场展开,确保每一句话都是为了表达国家立场服务。

position的用法总结大全position这个词汇大家都很熟悉。

那你们有了解它的用法吗?今天给大家带来了position的用法,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。

position的用法总结大全position的意思n. 位置，方位,地位，职位,态度,状态vt. 安置,把…放在适当位置,给…定位,驻扎军队变形：过去式: positioned; 现在分词：positioning; 过去分词：positioned;position用法position可以用作名词position的基本意思是“位置,方位”,指人〔物〕所在的地点与其他地点相对而言的方位。

是可数名词。

position用于人时可指“姿势,姿态”,也可泛指人的“地位,身份”或“职位,职务”,引申可指人对事物所持的“见解,态度”,是可数名词。

position还可指事物的“状态,状况,形势,境况”,只用作单数。

position用作名词的用法例句Can you find our position on this map?你能在这幅地图上找到我们的位置吗?I can tell the time from the position of the sun.我可以从太阳的位置知道时刻。

The position of manager is still open.经理职位仍然空缺。

position可以用作动词position的基本意思是“把…放在某位置,安放”,指将某物很小心、很注意地放置在某一位置,引申可表示“确定方位”“执掌”。

position是及物动词,其后接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。

在表达方式a position as (a) typist，a position of (a) translator 中，a在这里可以省略也可以不省略，但是通常省略;position用作动词的用法例句She positioned herself near the warm fire.她待在温暖的炉子的旁边。

paper的意思用法总结1. Paper作名词时，指纸张或纸质材料。

常用的搭配有：
- Piece of paper：张纸
- Sheet of paper：张纸
- Notebook paper：笔记本纸
- Toilet paper：卫生纸
- Wrapping paper：包装纸
- Tissue paper：面巾纸
2. Paper也可指论文、报告或科学研究的文稿。

常见搭配有：
- Research paper：研究论文
- Term paper：学期论文
- Position paper：立场论文
- White paper：白皮书
- Academic paper：学术论文
3. Paper还有以下衍生用法：
- Wallpapers：壁纸
- Newspaper：报纸
- Lined paper：线稿纸
- Carbon paper：复写纸
- Papercraft：纸艺、剪纸艺术
此外，Paper还可以作动词，表示“用纸包裹”或“装裱”。

例如：
- She carefully papered the gift.
- The artwork was carefully papered and framed.
最后，paper还有一些习语和俚语用法，比如“paper over something”，意为“掩盖问题”或“粉饰过去”。

NAJIT POSITION PAPEROnsite Simultaneous Interpretation of a Sound File is Not Recommended National Association of Judiciary Interpreters & TranslatorsT he information provided in NAJIT position papers offers general guidance for courtadministrators, judiciary interpreters and those who rely on interpreting services in legal settings. This information does not include or replace local, state or federal court policies. For more information, please contact: National Association of Judiciary Interpreters & Translators, 206-267-2300, or visit the NAJIT website at .n IntroductionWhen participants in a judicial process face the examina-tion of an evidentiary sound file in a language other than English, the court, in an effort to be expeditious and conserve resources, may order the court interpreters present in the court room to provide an on-the-spot simultaneous interpretation of the sound file in question. The quality of in-court interpretation of a sound file will almost always fall short of the evidentiary standards that must be met, due to the lack of time, technology, and resources required by the practitioner to perform the task correctly. This paper explains why simultaneous interpreting of a recording in the courtroom is usually an impossible task that should not be ordered by a court, nor attempted by an interpreter.n Why not interpret a sound file on the spot? Transcription/translation (TT) is a highly specialized discipline within the broader range of language services for the judiciary. These critical factors come into play when converting information on a sound file from one language to another:• Knowledge of the transcription/translation process • Time• Technology• Research tools Clearly some of these factors are lacking in the court-room when the judge orders the immediate simultaneous interpretation of a sound file—even when the recording is of short duration, for example, a 911 call. The interpreter present may have knowledge of the TT process, but will lack the other tools listed above, needed to perform the task at hand successfully. It follows that simultaneous interpreting of a recording in the court room will yield at best mediocre results when the life and liberty of a defendant and the pursuit of justice are on the line. A forensic psychiatrist would be remiss, indeed disqualified, if he provided an expert opinion on a patient based upon seeing the patient for the first time in the court room. Along the same lines, forensic TT requires expertise, time, and technology to perform the work required to an adequate standard.n Why transcribe a sound file in a foreign language?The rationale to transcribe a sound file in a language other than English follows on the heels of the rationale to transcribe sound files in English. Transcripts as an “Aid to Understanding” were first distributed by the prosecutor with permission from the Court in People v. Feld, in the 1953 decision of New York’s highest court. An alternate view of the transcript as an Aid to Understanding is the Transcript as Opinion Evidence. In either instance, a transcript is produced by the prosecution to aide in processing sound that may not be readily accessible to the unassisted ear of jurors, the parties, and the Court.1There may be rare instances where a tape is so perfectly clear that everyone can hear it, and it leaves no room for a challenge. However, this rarely happens, and a challenge often follows. When any portion of the sound file is challenged in the absence of a transcription/ translation, the only source of reference is the official record, which will have to be read every time reference ismade to a specific portion of the recording. If someone challenges the use of a specific word, there is no transcription to reference for the word in question. Aside from a reading from the official record, the only other options are to rely on the memory of the interpreter, who may or may not be present in the courtroom during all proceedings, or to listen to the sound file each and every time a word or phrase is challenged. This method is not expeditious. For this reason, a transcription translation that stands up to scrutiny in the courtroom and meets legal evidentiary standards should always be used.n What qualifies an individual to perform transcription/ translation?A qualified TT practitioner will meet an extensive range of criteria, some of which are listed below; this list is not exhaustive. Fuller details on the necessary qualifications will be included in NAJIT’s Transcription/Translation Guidelines, now under preparation.• Acute hearing• Native-quality knowledge of languages• Understanding of cultural factors• Expertise in recognition of language registers• Formal higher education• Analytical skills• Attention to detail• Knowledge of research methodology• Ethical expertise• Problem-solving skills• Neutrality• Awareness of forensic testimony requirements• Ability to self-monitor and correct• Openness to third-party review• Knowledge of technical tools• Openness to new technology and methodsn The actual product of transcription/translation1) Investment of time. In order to produce a transcribed and translated text, a substantial investment of timeis required. Ordinarily, the standard unit of measure for TT is one hour of work per minute of sound. Some practitioners working with very clear audio and simple content can produce a good product at a faster rate, while practitioners working with unclear and distorted audio may take even longer.2) Transcribing poor-quality audio. Initially, a recording may appear unintelligible or inaudible. Sometimes the voices in the recording overlap, or thereare multiple layers of noise mingled with the dialogue. The poorer the audio, the more technical enhancement is required. Listening over and over to the recording and, sometimes, enhancing the sound file takes time. It is through multiple hearings and the use of professional equipment that the discourse eventually emerges from the fog of noise and overlaps. When the audio qualityis very poor, the transcriber/translator may also needto put the task aside and come back to it later — the fatigue factor is very prevalent in TT work. Only this extended process makes it possible to go beyond the noise, distortions, and overlaps, to obtain a good final transcription, the first stage of the process.3) Translating the transcribed audio. The second stage is to prepare a translation into English of the transcribed audio recording. This phase often requires specialized library and internet research. Additionally, to ensure accuracy in the entire process, the practitioner must frequently consult with other members of the team possessing specialized knowledge in specific areas such as slang, regionalisms, or myriad technical issues.4) Form of final product. The final product of this process is a two-column page placing both the foreign-language transcription and the English translation side by side, so that easy reference and checking for accuracy is possible. The conventions recommendedto produce this product in the most usable format will be fully detailed in NAJIT’s Transcription/Translation Guidelines, now under preparation.n Potential violation of interpreter’s oathDespite the considerations given above, an interpreter may be ordered to interpret a recording on the spot in the simultaneous or consecutive modes. The interpreter’s oath mandates faithfulness and accuracy to the best of the interpreter’s ability. The interpreter should make it clear to all parties that an immediate rendition of the material in question will likely fail to meet the high standards set forth by that oath.n ConclusionGiven all that is at stake in the courtroom, there isno room to cut corners in the forensic TT process. What may appear to be a savings in time and money may cost twice as much in the end, when the entire project must be redone. For this reason, it is to the benefit of all parties involved in the judicial processto familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of transcription/translation and all that it entails. There are very substantial reasons why onsite simultaneous interpretation of a sound file is not recommended.n Footnote:1. Clifford Fishman, “Recordings, Transcripts and Translations as Evidence.” Draft distributed internally for publication review.Authors: Teresa C. Salazar and Gladys Segal Editorial team: Ann G. Macfarlane, Silvia San Martin, Roger ShuyCopyright 2006 by the National Association of Judiciary Interpreters & Translators. NAJIT hereby grants permission to reprint this publication in any quantity without charge, provided that the content is kept unchanged and NAJIT is credited as the source.Issued May 15, 006National Association of Judiciary Interpreters & Translators603 Stewart St., Suite 610Seattle, WA 98101Tel: 206-267-2300 · Fax: 206-626-0392Email:**********************Onsite Simultaneous Interpretation。

AD是助理SC是安理会DR是决议草案DD指令草案BG背景文件(background)pp立场文件(position paper)WP工作文件(working paper)Chair：主席（会议的主持者和引导者）AD：Rapporteur主席助理（主席的协助者，负责点名，计时，会议记录）DEL：delegate 代表（代表各个国家，对问题进行讨论的人）Committee：委员会Topic：议题BG：Background Guide 背景文件PP：Position Paper 立场文件WP：Working Paper 工作文件（这个相当于DR的草稿，用于记录各种观点，有一定格式，下周，Education Department 会教你们具体怎么写）DR：Draft Resolution 决议草案（一个得到半数以上DEL同意的DR意味着一个Topic的讨论结束，每个Topic只能通过一份DR，DR 也有固定格式，下周也会教）Sponsor：起草国（起草DR的国家）Signatory：附议国（同意DR的国家）Amendment：修正案（对决议草案的修改和补充）Placard：国家牌（一张印有代表所代表国家的牌子）Page：意向条（会场上不可交头接耳，如果有什么想说的可以通过递意向条来与其他代表交流）Roll Call：点名（注意这里的点名不是为了统计代表的出勤率而是为了统计有多少人可以参加投票，点名时不说‘到’或者‘Here’，只说‘Present’或‘Present and vote’两者的区别是前者可以在最后DR的投票时abstain，而后者则必须投支持或者反对）Speaker’s list：发言名单（会议开始后，主席会建立发言名单，如果没有动议，各个代表按发言名单顺序发言，每次发言时间为一分钟，在50秒时，主席助理会敲打法槌提醒代表）Yield：让渡（当代表在发言名单上发言时，若还剩下时间则可以选择让渡，让渡分三种，让渡给主席，相当于放弃这段时间，让渡给其他代表，让其他代表上台发言，让渡给问题，让其他代表提问，自己则用剩下时间回答）Motion：动议（在会场上不可以随意说话，如果要发言，必须举起国家牌要求动议，动议必须在没有代表发言的情况下才能动议，动议过后要进行投票，超过半数代表同意，则动议通过，否则，不通过；动议通过则停下发言名单讨论动议中提出的问题，若不通过则继续发言名单）Moderated Caucus：组织性磋商（组织性磋商必须由动议提出，提出该动议的国家必须说出该磋商的时间，各个代表所回答的时间，以及所讨论问题，组织性磋商会在主席的组织下进行E.g. 当你动议组织性磋商时要说：Motion，the delegate of …….（自己所代表的国家)motion a moderated caucus to talk about ………（所要讨论的问题）for ten minutes, each delegate has 1 minute to speak.注意在组织性磋商当中是没有让渡的）Unmoderated Caucus：非组织性磋商（同样必须由动议提出，非组织性磋商非常自由，可以随意在会场中走动，和其他代表交流，并且在这段时间里可以使用包括电脑在内的电子产品）。

大会规则流程Rules of Procedure 大会流程图解：确定议题Setting the Agenda点名Roll Call产生发言名单Open the Speaker’s List非正式辩论Informal Debate正式辩论Formal Debate 结束辩论形成各种会议文件投票表决“决议草案”文件通过/不通过大会流程简述：一、点名 (Roll Call)点名的作用：确定到场国家总数，由此计算简单多数 (1/2多数) 和三分之二多数。

这些数据决定了表决通过的标准。

点名的方式：主席助理按照国家名单上的顺序点名，点到的国家高举国家牌并答“到(Present) ”。

主席助理重复“某某国代表出席”，并在电脑屏幕上标示出席情况，最终计数。

二、正式辩论 (Formal Debate)辩论的概念：不同于平时的辩论比赛，模联中的发言、磋商、游说等均被视为辩论。

正式辩论：按照发言名单顺序进行的辩论叫正式辩论。

发言名单(Speakers’List)的产生：确定议题后，正式辩论开始。

主席会请需要发言的代表举国家牌，并随机点出国家名，当代表听到自己国家被点到后，放下国家牌。

主席助理同步记录，代表便可在大屏幕上看到发言名单。

追加发言机会 (国家名未在发言名单上或已经完成发言) ，可向主席台传意向条(Page) 要求在发言名单上添加其代表国家，主席会将该国家名加在发言名单最后。

如代表已在发言名单上并还未发言，则不能追加发言机会。

发言时间：每位代表有90秒的初始发言时间 (Speaking Time) ，可通过动议(Motion to Change Speaking Time) 更改。

让渡：代表在发言时间内结束发言，可将剩余时间让渡。

①让渡给他国代表 (Yield Time to Another Delegate) ：让渡国A代表和被让渡国B代表协商一致后 (传意向条，会前游说等) ，B代表在A代表剩余的时间内进行发言。