American literature—作家作品

1.The Traditional Literature of the American Indians（17世纪中期以前）Three Stages：Traditional Stage；Transitional stage; Modern Stage2．Literature of Colonial Settlements(16世纪末-17世纪中)John Smith——first author in the history of American Literaturea) True Relation of Virginia(1608) 《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》the first bookb) A Map of Virginia with A Description of The County (1612)The Literature around the Revolution of Independence(17世纪中期-18世纪末)1.Benjamin Franklina)Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理历书》b)The Autobiography《自传》——self-improvement2．Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩——political pamphleteer; rhetorician（修辞学家）a) Common Sense 《常识》b) The American Crisis《美国危机》——series of 16 pamphletsc) Rights of Men《人的权利》d）The Age of Reason《理性的时代》3．Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺——poet of the American revolution; The most outstanding poet in American of the 18th century satirist, polemicist(辩论家)a) The British Prison Ship 《英国囚船》b) The Rising Glory of America《美国的荣耀蒸蒸日上》c) The Indian Burying Ground《印第安人殡葬礼》d) The Wild Honey Suckle《野金银花》3．American Romanticism（18世纪末——19世纪中后期）1.Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文——The first prose stylist of American Romanticism；The first American achieve international literary reputation；“Father of American Literature”a) A History of New York《纽约史》b) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》c) The Sketch Book《见闻札记》——beginning of the American Romantic ism；first work won financial successd) Rip Van Winkle 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》——social conservatione) Tales of a Traveler《旅行者的故事》f) The Alhambra《阿尔罕伯拉》2．James Fenimore Copper 詹姆斯·菲尼摩尔·库珀Three kinds of novels：novels about the revolutionary past, sea novels, and the American frontier novels.a) The Spy《间谍》b) The Pilot《领航者》c)The Pioneer《拓荒者》——The first true romance of the frontier in American Literatured) The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫西干人》e) The Prairie 《大草原》f) The Pathfinder《探路者》e) The Deerslayer《杀鹿者》3．Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃慈沃斯·朗费罗——first American poet to be honored in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbeya) Voices of the Night 《夜莺》b) A Psalm f Life 《人生礼赞》4. William Cullen Bryant 威廉·科伦·布莱恩特——first America’s earliest naturalist poets. American self-consciousness.a) The Fountain 《泉》b) The White-Footed Deer《白蹄鹿》c) A Forest Hymn 《森林赋》d) The Flood of Years 《似水流年》e) Thanatopsis 《死亡随想》5．Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生a) Nature 《论自然》——manifesto of American transcendentalismb)The American Scholar 《美国学者》——“American’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence”c) Self-reliance《论自立》d) The Transcendentalism 《超验主义者》e) Divinity School Address《神学院演说》6．Henry David Thoreau ——亨利·大卫·梭罗a) Walden《瓦尔登湖》——harmony with Natureb) Civil Disobedience《论市民之不服从》7．Edger Allan Poe 埃德加·艾伦·坡——Father of American detective storiesa) Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque《怪诞奇异故事集》——His first collection of short stories.b) The Fall of The House《厄舍古屋的倒塌》c) The Raven《乌鸦》d) To Helen《致海伦》8. Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳赛尼尔·霍桑The most ambivalent（有矛盾心理的）writer in the American literature historya) Mosses from an Old Manse《古屋青苔》b) The Scarlet Letter《红字》c) The House of the Seven Gables《有七个尖角阁的房子》d) The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》e) The Marble Faun《玉石雕像》9．Herman Melville 赫尔曼·迈尔维尔a) Moby Dick《白鲸》——the first American prose epicb) Typee《泰比》10．Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼a) Leaves of Grass《草叶集》——marked the end of American Romanticismb) Song of myself 《自我之歌》11．Emily Dickinson 艾米莉·狄金森a) This is My Letter to the World《这是我给世界的一封信》b) I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died《我死时听到一只苍蝇叫》4．American Romanticism （19世纪中期——20世纪初期）“Golden Age”——“Gilded Age”1. Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈里特·比彻·斯托a) Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》2. William Dean Howells 威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯a)The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》——a fine example of the American realism novelsb) A Modern Instance《一个现代的例证》c) A Hazard of New Fortunes《新财富的危害》三部小说3. Mark Twain——The first literary giant；“The true father of our national literature”a) The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County《卡拉维拉斯县有名的跳蛙》b) The Innocents Abroad《傻瓜出国记》c) The Gilded Age《镀金时代》d) The Adventure of Tom Sayers《汤姆·索亚历险记》e) The Prince and the Pauper 《王子与贫儿》f) The adventure of Huckleberry Finn《哈利贝恩·费恩历险记》——Hemingway described as“all modern American literature comes”4．O·Henry 欧·亨利a) The Cop and the Anthems 《警察和赞美诗》5. Henry James——The founder of psychological realisma) Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》——an outrage to American girlhoodb) The Ambassadors《大使们》c) The Portrait of A Lady 《贵妇人画像》d) The Wings of Doves《鸽翼》6. Jack Londona) The Son of the Wolf《狼之子》b) The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》c) White Fang《白獠牙》d) Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》——put most of himselfe) The Sea Wolf《海狼》7. Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱赛a) Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》b) Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》c) Trilogy of Desire《欲望三部曲》d) The Financier《金融家》e) The“Genius”《天才》f) An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》——his greatest book8．Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森a) Winesburg, Ohio《俄亥俄州瓦恩斯堡镇》——a collection of 12 interrelated stories of small-town life.9. Stephen Crane 斯蒂芬·克兰——The pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition。

一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 美国第一位作家《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 普利茅斯第一任首长《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 波士顿第一任首长《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams –The Patriarch of New England《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution1。

The literature of Reason and RevolutionBenjamin Franklin: The AutobiographyThomas Paine: The American CrisisThomas Jefferson: The Declaration of IndependencePhilip Freneau: “Father of American Poetry”The Literature of RomanticismWashington Irving: The Legend of Sleepy HollowWilliam Cullen Bryant: “Thanatopsis”, “To a Waterfowl”James Fenimore Cooper: The Leather-Stocking TalesTranscendentalists:Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nature, Self-RelianceHenry David Thoreau:WaldenHigh Romantics:Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet LetterHerman Melville: Moby DickHenry Wadsworth Longfellow: “A Psalm of Life”, “The Slave’s Dream”Edgar Allan Poe: “To Helen”, “The Raven”, “The Fall of the House of Usher”Walt Whitman: Song of MyselfEmily Dickinson: “Because I could not stop for Death”, “I heard a Fly buzz-When I died”Realism:Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens): The Adventure of Tom SawyerO. Henry: “The Cop and the Anthem”, “The gift of the Magi”Henry James: The Portrait of A LadyJack London: Martin EdenNaturalism:Stephan Crane: Maggie, A Girl of the Streets; The Red Badge of CourageTheodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie; The Genius; An American TragedyImagism:Ezra Pound: “In a Station of the Metro”Poets of the early 20th century:Robert Frost: “The Road Not Taken”;“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”Carl Sandburg: “Fog”, “Chicago”Edwin Arlington Robinson: “Richard Cory”, “Miniver Cheevy”Wallace Stevens: “Anecdote of the Jar”Langston Hughes: “The Negro Speaks of River”Thomas Stearns Eliot:Waste LandModernism (--1945):F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great GatsbyErnest Hemingway: A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell TollsJohn Steinbeck: The Grapes of WrathWilliam Faulkner:The Sound and the Fury, A Rose for EmilyPost-M odernism (1950’s--):Saul Bellow(1976 Nobel Prize): Dangling Man; Herzog; Humboldt’s Gift; Toni Morrison (1993 Nobel Prize) : The Bluest Eyes; Song of Solomon; Joseph Heller:Catch-22;Thomas Pynchon: V;Allen Ginsberg: Howl;Sylvia Plath:“Lady Lazarus”; “Daddy”;American Drama:Eugene O’Neill: Long Day’s Journey into NightTennessee Williams: The Glass MenagerieArthur Miller:Death of a SalesmanEdward Albee: The American Dream。

The Raven乌鸦;
14、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882
The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poems民谣及其他诗; A Psalm of Life人生礼物
The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;
The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头
27、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961（“迷惘的一代”的代表人物）
The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣The Old Man and The Sea老人与海
13、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）
Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头
6、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851
The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;;Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者