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考博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
（每题2分，共10分）[短文内容略](1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) What does the author suggest about the future of technology?(3) Why are some people hesitant to adopt new technologies?(4) What is the role of education in technological advancement?(5) How can individuals contribute to the development of technology?2. 阅读以下文章，然后根据文章内容选择最佳答案。
（每题2分，共10分）[文章内容略](1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) E3. 阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。
（每题3分，共20分） [文章内容略](1) What is the primary purpose of the article?(2) How does the author describe the impact of globalization?(3) What are some of the challenges faced by developing countries?(4) What solutions does the author propose to address the issues?(5) What is the author's conclusion regarding the futureof globalization?二、词汇与语法（共30分）1. 根据句子意思，选择正确的词汇填空。
博士英语面试试题及答案一、自我介绍1. 请用英语简单介绍一下你自己。
答案：My name is [Your Name], and I come from [Your Hometown]. I have a master's degree in [Your Major] from [Your University]. I am passionate about [Your Interest] and have been actively involved in [Your Relevant Experience].二、专业问题1. 请谈谈你在硕士期间的研究工作。
答案：During my master's program, I focused on [Your Research Topic]. I conducted [Research Method] and found [Key Findings]. This experience has equipped me with [Skills or Knowledge] that I believe will be beneficial for my PhD studies.2. 你选择我们大学读博的原因是什么？答案：I chose your university because of its strong reputation in [Your Field of Study]. Additionally, thefaculty members here have a diverse range of expertise that aligns with my research interests, and I am particularly interested in working with [Specific Professor].三、研究计划1. 请简述你的博士研究计划。
扬州大学二零零三年博士研究生入学考试试题A．名词解释（每题4分，共40分）用简明扼要的语言解释每个名词所涵盖的科学内容（注意不是简单地将英文翻译为中文）1.Eradication of a disease2.vertical transmission3.OIE list A diseases4.highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)5.epizootic(epidemic)6.Infectious bursal disease(IBD)7.blue tongue8.pseudorabies9.food safety10.biosecurityB问答题（7题任选6题作答，每题10分，共60分）1．近20年来在畜禽传染病的诊断和防制方面出现了哪些新技术？试评价它们的优缺点及其与常规技术的关系。
2．列举5种重要的鸡免疫抑制性病原体，分别说明其致病特征及防制方法。
3．以我国猪瘟的防制实践为例，试正确评价疫苗在畜禽传染病防制中的作用。
4．口蹄疫病毒有几种血清型？1950年以来，我国曾发生过哪几种血清型口蹄流行？以哪一种血清型病毒流行最广，持续时间最长，造成损失最大？你认为我国用疫苗接种控制口蹄疫的方法存在哪些问题？应如何解决？5．引起猪繁殖障碍的传染病主要是哪几种？简述其鉴别诊断及防制要点。
6．为什么说一般的商业鸡群的呼吸道病是多病因疾病？试分析这些原因的相互作用。
7．列举4种重要的人兽共患病，试分析对动物群体中这些病的控制与人群中这些病控制之间的关系。
2003年扬州大学兽医微生物学与免疫学试题一、请简要叙述细菌质粒的生物学特性及其应用（15分）二、请叙述新城疫病毒强、弱毒的主要区别，并根据这些区别用现代分子生物学方法设计如何诊断鸡新城疫？（20分）三、请叙述如何判定禽流感的致病性？禽流感抗原变异的生物学和流行病学意义。
（15分）四、试述MHC分子在细胞上的分布及其理论意义（15分）五、试述粘膜免疫的研究进展及其在抗感染免疫中的重要地位。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-扬州大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题On hearing the news, I went up to Dale’s room, removed the hamster from its cage and, paying（）attention to her grief, proceeded to swing it around by its tail to make sure it really was dead.问题1选项A.scarceB.bareC.insufficientD.scant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项scarce“缺乏的，不足的”，强调罕见，稀有；B选项bare“空的，赤裸的”；C选项insufficient“缺乏能力的”；D选项scant“缺乏的，不足的”，强调的是减少，限制。
句意：听到这个消息后，我前往黛尔的房间，把那只仓鼠从笼子里拿出来，毫不在意她的悲伤，接着提着它的尾巴甩来甩去，看看它是不是真的死了。
句中指的是对黛尔的悲伤视而不见，所以选项D更恰当。
2.写作题Directions: Write a composition of about 250 words to express your own opinions on the following topic:How to Protect Intellectual Property Rights in Doing Academic ResearchNotes: In the first part of your writing, you should state clearly the thesis statement (i.e. your main argument), and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【答案】略3.单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion--a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foodswe eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that （）.2.According to the passage, people’s learning activity are possible because they（）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on （）.4.Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because（）.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（）.问题1选项A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each other’s feelings问题2选项A.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingB.know what is vital to the progress of societyC.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveD.benefit from providing help and support to one another问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the capacity to workC.the stimulus to workD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D.they produce more love than hate among people.问题5选项A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us to adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。
Which of the following is NOT a common type of academic writing in doctoral studies?A. Research proposalsB. Lab reportsC. Creative short storiesD. Dissertation chaptersThe primary purpose of a literature review in a doctoral thesis is to:A. Summarize all existing research in the fieldB. Identify gaps and contribute to the research questionC. Provide detailed methods for future studiesD. Only discuss the most recent publicationsWhich of the following is an example of primary data in research?A. A summary of a previous studyB. Data collected through surveys conducted by the researcherC. A statistical report from a government agencyD. A book chapter written by an expert in the fieldIn academic writing, the use of passive voice is often preferred because it:A. Makes the text more engaging for readersB. Emphasizes the action rather than the doerC. Should always be avoided in formal writingD. Is easier to write in comparison to active voiceWhich of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective academic presentation slides?A. Minimal text and clutterB. Use of large and easily readable fontsC. Inclusion of detailed background information on every slideD. Clear and concise headingsWhen citing sources in academic writing, it is important to:A. Only cite sources that support your argumentB. Acknowledge the ideas and work of othersC. Avoid citing too many sources to make your argument strongerD. Paraphrase without citation to avoid plagiarismThe process of systematically searching for and evaluating research evidence is known as:A. Data analysisB. Literature reviewC. Research methodologyD. Systematic reviewWhich of the following is a key aspect of ethical research conduct?A. Manipulating data to support your hypothesisB. Obtaining informed consent from participantsC. Sharing research findings only with colleaguesD. Using any available data without permissionIn a research paper, the discussion section typically:A. Repeats the methods used in the studyB. Presents the raw data collectedC. Interprets the findings and relates them to existing literatureD. Outlines the future directions of the research field。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-扬州大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)One of the most striking results of modern democracy has been the gradual but steady erosion of all classes of distinction and the subsequent leveling of society to the point where everyone is expected to treat everyone else in exactly the same way. We must make no distinction between young and old, male or female, distinguished or dissolute. As a result, common courtesy is at an all time low and an unhealthy reservoir of resentment at an all time high. Every person suspects he is not receiving his due and is suspicious that deference (尊重) in the form of courtesy on his part will be mistaken as submission. Authority is suspected to be nothing but the unfair abuse of power and yet people seem to be seeking true sources of authority amid the ruling relativism by following fads and the ever-changing gurus (领袖) of the self-help industry. The pressure to conform to pop-culture standards is also immense, so much so, that individuality itself is threatened.(Selected from The Myth Of Equality by Rebecca Bynum, 2008)【答案】现代民主最引人注目的结果之一就是逐渐的但是稳定地削弱阶级差别，同时把社会平等推怀疑自己没有得到足够重视，人人都担心自己以礼貌的方式表现出来的尊重被错误地当作顺从和屈服。
博士生英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AppearanceB. EventC. PhenomenonD. Fact2. Which of the following is the correct usage of "affect"?A. The weather will affect tomorrow.B. The weather will be affected by tomorrow.C. The weather will affect tomorrow's plans.D. The weather will be affected to tomorrow's plans. ...10. In the sentence "He is one of the most talented students in the class," the word "talented" refers to:A. GiftedB. EducatedC. SkilledD. Trained答案：1. C2. C...10. A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The _______ of the new policy has caused a lot of controversy.A. implementationB. introductionC. executionD. application2. Despite his _______, he managed to finish the project on time.A. illnessB. healthC. sicknessD. disease...10. The _______ of the experiment was to determine the effects of different variables.A. purposeB. goalC. aimD. target答案：1. B2. A...10. C三、阅读理解（每篇5分，共20分）阅读以下文章，回答后面的问题。
【考研英语】2021年4月江苏扬州大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】Many artists [express] their world view in their work.A、presentB、preliminaryC、neglectD、necessity【正确答案】A【答案解析】[express] 表达；present 提出；介绍；呈现。
第2题【单选题】I [recognize] my own shortcomings.A、建立B、指望C、认识到D、推荐【正确答案】C【答案解析】[recognize] vt. 认出，识别；承认。
第3题【单选题】We can’t[ undertake] that you will make a profit.A、requireB、promiseC、promoteD、doubt【正确答案】B【答案解析】undertake 承担，保证；promise 允诺，许诺。
第4题【单选题】Many artists [express] their world view in their work.A、presentB、preliminaryC、neglectD、necessity【正确答案】A【答案解析】[express] 表达；present 提出；介绍；呈现。
第5题【单选题】Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of anyhealth care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The US takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries . The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you doesn’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.The author’s chief concern about the current US health care system is ________.A、the inadequate training of physiciansB、the declining number of doctorsC、the shrinking primary care resourcesD、the ever-rising health care costs【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。
英语考博试题及答案一、词汇与结构（共20分）1. The _______ of the project will depend on the availability of funds.A) initiationB) implementationC) terminationD) qualification答案：B2. Despite his _______ efforts, he failed to convince the committee.A) trivialB) futileC) sincereD) superficial答案：C3. The _______ of the new policy has been widely discussed in the media.A) implicationsB) complicationsC) ramificationsD) repercussions答案：A4. She is a _______ of her father, showing great talent in music.A) descendantB) successorC) inheritorD) progeny答案：C5. The _______ of the old building was a significant event in the community.A) demolitionB) renovationC) constructionD) destruction答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。
Passage 1The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has opened up new opportunities and challenges for individuals and organizations alike.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of the internet.B) The impact of the internet on society.C) The technical aspects of the internet.D) The future of the internet.答案：B7. What does the author imply about the internet?A) It has only positive effects.B) It has both opportunities and challenges.C) It is a threat to traditional businesses.D) It is outdated and no longer relevant.答案：BPassage 2In recent years, there has been a growing interest in renewable energy sources due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development.8. What is the main reason for the interest in renewable energy?A) Economic benefits.B) Environmental concerns.C) Technological advancements.D) Government policies.答案：B9. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Renewable energy is widely adopted.B) Renewable energy is too expensive.C) There is a need for sustainable development.D) Environmental concerns are a recent issue.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
博士专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "sustainability" refers to the ability to endure over the long haul.A) TrueB) False2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Social equityD) Unlimited resource consumption3. The phrase "paradigm shift" in academic writing often refers to:A) A change in the weatherB) A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptionsC) A minor adjustment in perspectiveD) A change in political leadership4. The concept of "ecosystem services" is associated with which field of study?A) EconomicsB) EcologyC) SociologyD) Political science5. In the context of climate change, "mitigation" refers to:A) Adapting to the effects of climate changeB) Reducing greenhouse gas emissionsC) Planting more treesD) Moving populations to less affected areas6. The term "peer review" in academic publishing is a process where:A) Authors review each other's workB) Journal editors review all submissionsC) Experts in the field evaluate and critique manuscriptsD) The public reviews and comments on published articles7. Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?A) Solar powerB) Wind powerC) Nuclear powerD) Hydroelectric power8. The "Kyoto Protocol" is an international treaty linked to:A) Biodiversity conservationB) Climate changeC) International tradeD) Space exploration9. "Circular economy" is a model of production and consumption that:A) Encourages the use of non-renewable resourcesB) Minimizes waste and promotes recyclingC) Focuses on mass production and consumptionD) Ignores the environmental impact of production10. The "Precautionary Principle" in environmental policy suggests that:A) Action should be taken only after full scientific certainty is achievedB) Scientific uncertainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent harmC) Environmental policies should be based solely on economic considerationsD) Environmental harm should be accepted as a cost of economic growth二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in plants is known as __________.12. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by the accumulation of __________ gases in the atmosphere.13. In a __________ economy, the goal is to minimize waste and make the most of resources.14. The term "biodiversity" refers to the variety of life in all its forms and levels of __________.15. The __________ Principle states that it is better to be safe than sorry when it comes to potential harm to the environment.16. The __________ is a global environmental facility that provides grants for projects that benefit the global environment.17. The __________ is a set of international rules for the trade and use of hazardous chemicals and pesticides.18. "Eco-friendly" products are designed to have the leastpossible __________ on the environment.19. The __________ is a measure of the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities.20. The __________ is a branch of environmental science concerned with the study of the total environment of a given area, both physical and biological.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Define the term "sustainable development" and explain its three main pillars.22. What are the key components of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?23. Describe the role of "stakeholders" in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR).24. Explain the concept of "ecological footprint" and why it is important for environmental conservation.四、论述题（每题25分，共50分）25. Discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy.26. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of international environmental agreements in addressing global environmental issues.五、翻译题（共30分）27. Translate the following paragraph from English to Chinese (15 points):"Environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change are three of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. The need for sustainable solutionsthat balance economic growth, social development, and environmental protection is more urgent than ever."28. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese to English (15 points):"可持续发展是指在不损害后代满足其需求的能力的前提下，满足当代人的需求。
扬州大学英语考博复习题阅读理解Passion 1Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, couldpush the price higher still in the short term。
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than inthe past。
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (inconstant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive,and so could be more seriously squeezed。
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodityprices jumped by 70%,and in 1979 by almost 30%。
31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is[A]global inflation.[B]reduction in supply。
[C]fast growth in economy.[D]Iraq's suspension of exports。
32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if[A]price of crude rises.[B]commodity prices rise。
[C]consumption rises.[D]oil taxes rise。
33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries[A]heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive。
[B]income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices。
[C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed。
[D]oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP。
34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that[A]oil-price shocks are less shocking now。
[B]inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks。
[C]energy conservation can keep down the oil prices。
[D]the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry。
35. From the text we can see that the writer seems[A]optimistic. [B]sensitive. [C]gloomy. [D]scared。
Passion 2Every minute of every day, what ecologist James Carlton-- an oceanographer at Williams College in Williamstown, Mass. -- calls a global "conveyor belt" redistributes ocean organisms. It's planet wide biological disruption that scientists have barely begun to understand. These creatures move from coastal waters where they fit into the local web of life to places where some of them could tear that web apart. This is the larger dimension of the infamous invasion of fish-destroying, pipe-clogging zebra mussels.What concerns Carlton and his fellow marine ecologists is the lack of knowledge about the hundreds of alien invaders that quietly enter coastal waters around the world every day. What's new is the scale and speed of the migrations made possible by the massive volume of ship-ballast water, continuously moving around the world…Ships load up with ballast water and its inhabitants in coastal waters of one port and dump the ballast in another port that may be thousands of kilometers away. A single load can run tohundreds of gallons. Some larger ships take on as much as 40 million gallons. The creatures that come along tend to be in their larva freefloating stage. When discharged in alien waters they can mature into crabs, jellyfish, slugs, and many other forms.Since the problem involves coastal species, simply banning ballast dumps in coastal waters would, in theory, solve it. Coastal organisms in ballast water that is flushed into midocean would not survive. Such a ban has worked for North American Inland Waterway. But it would be hard to enforce it worldwide. Heating ballast water or straining it should also halt the species spread. But before any such worldwide regulations were imposed, scientists would need a clearer view of what is going on.The continuous shuffling of marine organisms has changed the biology of the sea on a global scale. It can have devastating effects as in the case of the American comb jellyfish that recently invaded the Black Sea. It has destroyed that sea's anchovy fishery by eating anchovy eggs. It may soon spread to western and northern European waters.The maritime nations that created the biological "conveyor belt" should support a coordinated international effort to find out what is going on and what should be done about it.36. According to Dr. Carlton, ocean organisms are ____.A. being moved to new environments.B. destroying the planet.C. succumbing to the zebra mussel.D. developing alien characteristics.37. Oceanographers are concerned because ____.A. their knowledge of this phenomenon is limited.B. they believe the oceans are dying.C. they fear an invasion from outer-space.D. they have identified thousands of alien webs.. It can be inferred from the article that banning ballast dumps in coastal waters proved successful in _______.A. North American Inland WaterwayB. the globeC. EuropeD. America38. According to Marine ecologists, transplanted marine species ____.A. are all compatible with one another.B. may upset the ecosystems of coastal waters.C. can only survive in their home waters.D. sometimes disrupt shipping lanes.39. The identified cause of the problem is ____.A. the rapidity with which larvae mature.B. a common practice of the shipping industry.C. a centuries old species.D. the world wide movement of ocean currents.40. The article suggests that a solution to the problem ____.A. is unlikely to be identified.B. must precede further research.C. is hypothetically easy.D. will limit global shipping.Passion 3The sea lay like an unbroken mirror all around the pine-girt, lonely shores of Orr's Island. Tall, kingly spruces wore their regal crowns of cones high in air, sparkling with diamonds of clear exuded gum; vast old hemlocks of primeval growth stood in their forest shadows, their branches hung with long hoary moss; while feathery larches, turned to brilliant gold by autumn frosts, lighted up the darker shadows of the evergreens. It was one of those hazy, calm, dissolving days of Indian summer, when everything is so quiet that the faintest kiss of the wave on the beach can be heard, and white clouds seem to faint into the blue of the sky, and soft swathing bands of violet vapour make all earth look dreamy, and give to the sharp, clear-cut outlines of the northern landscape all those mysteries of light and shade which impart such tenderness to Italian scenery.The funeral was over, -- the tread of many feet, bearing the heavy burden of two broken lives, had been to the lonely graveyard, and had come back again, -- each footstep lighter and more unconstrained as each one went his way from the great old tragedy of Death to the common cheerful of Life.The solemn black clock stood swaying with its eternal "tick-tock, tick-tock," in the kitchen of the brown house on Orr's Island. There was there that sense of a stillness that can be felt, -- such as settles down on a dwelling when any of its inmates have passed through its doors for the last time, to go whence they shall not return. The best room was shut up and darkened, with only so much light as could fall through a little heart- shaped hole in the window-shutter, -- for except on solemn visits, or prayer-meetings or weddings, or funerals, that room formed no part of the daily family scenery.The kitchen was clean and ample, with a great open fireplace and wide stone hearth, and oven on one side, and rows of old-fashioned splint-bottomed chairs against the wall. A table scoured to snowy whiteness, and a little work-stand whereon lay the Bible, the Missionary Herald, and the weekly Christian Mirror, before named, formed the principal furniture. One feature, however, must not be forgotten, -- a great sea- chest, which had been the companion of Zephaniah through all the countries of the earth. Old, and battered, and unsightly it looked, yet report said that there was good store within of that which men for the most part respect more than anything else; and, indeed, it proved often when a deed of grace was to be done when a woman was suddenly made a widow in a coast gale, or a fishing-smack was run down in the fogs off the banks, leaving in some neighboring cottage a family of orphans, -- in all such cases, the opening of this sea-chest was an event of good omen to the bereaved; for Zephaniah had a large heart and a large hand, and was apt to take it out full of silver dollars when once it went in. So the ark of the covenant could not have been looked on with more reverence than the neighbours usually showed to Captain Pennel's sea-chest.41. The author describ es Orr’s Island in a (n) ________ manner.A. emotionally appealing, imaginativeB. rational, logically preciseC. factually detailed, objectiveD. vague, uncertain42. According to the passage, the “best room” _________A. has its many windows boarded up.B. has had the furniture removedC. is used only on formal and ceremonious occasions.D. is the busiest room in the house.43. From the description of the kitchen we can infer that the house belongs to people who __________A. never have guests.B. like modern appliances.C. are probably religious.D. dislike housework44. The passage implies that _________A. few people attended the funeralB. fishing is a secure vocation.C. the island is densely populated.D. The house belonged to the deceased.45. From the description of Zephaniah we can tell that he _________.A. was physically a very big man.B. preferred the lonely life of a sailor.C. always stayed at home.D. was frugal and saved a lot of money.翻译：1、英译汉一、We are all intimately familiar with at least one language, yet few of us ever stop to consider what we know about it. The words of a language can be listed in a dictionary, but not all the sentences. Speakers us a finite set of rules to produce and understand an infinite set of sentences. These rules comprise the grammar of a language. They include the sound system and the way in which sounds and meanings are related. This linguistic knowledge is, however, different from linguistic behavior. If you woke up one morning and decided to stop talking, you would still have the knowledge of your nguage is a tool of communication. But if language is defined merely as a system of communication, then language is not unique to humans. A basic property of human language is its creative aspect.2、汉译英在美国，学生通常要花很多时间在学校图书馆里，或完成一门课的作业，或从事研究以便准备要写的报告。
