词类转译
I. Noun converting to verbs:
1.The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the heaven or
near the horizon.
2.物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。
3.High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy.
4.高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不表明具有准确性。
5.They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.
6.他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。
7.He is an enemy to reform.
8.他反对改革。
9.Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and
cooperation.
10.国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。
11.. I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.
12.恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。
13.The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.
14.操作电脑需要一些英语知识。
A. 具有动态意义的名词（1）“… of …” 结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译
1. These depressing pumps ensure contamination-free transfer of abrasive fluids such as acids, dyes and alcohol.
在输送酸、染料、醇等腐蚀性强的流体时，这类压缩泵能保证输送无污染
2. It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.
3. What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions.
就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。
Many people in industry and the service, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time.
工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。
6. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.
练习：
1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israel withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israel’s right to exist.
2. One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.
3. Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and
Russia’s refusal.
B. 英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。
1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的（机声），令我们特别神往。
2. As the week draw to a close, the enemy rout was complete.
一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。
C. 英语中有些以后缀–er, -or 结尾的名词，在句中并指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。
1. I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
2. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.
在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。
3. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.
D. 短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词
1.The next news bulletin（新闻节目）, shorter than usual, made no mention of the
demonstration.
2.She had high praise for Dr. Smith, although she complained about his strictness.
3.The party bra nch secretary showed great concern for the students’ health
4.He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.
5.The next news bulletin（新闻节目）, shorter than usual, made no mention of the
demonstration.
6.She had high praise for Dr. Smith, although she complained about his strictness.
7.The party branch secretary showed great concern for the students’ health
8.He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.
练习（一）
1. The Census Bureau,the data agency charged with creating statistics on household incomes and their distribution, does not maintain an official definition of middle class status.
2. During the half-hour talk, the two sides exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment, but they made no mention of the mode of transportation.
在半小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了意见，但没有提到运输方式。
练习（二）
⏹ 1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence,
if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.
⏹ 2. The same is true of galaxy clusters, the largest coherent bodies in the
universe---assemblages of thousands of galaxies embedded in a vast cloud of hot gas and bound together by gravity.
⏹ 3. Scientists say that government construction of a multi-billion-dollar, permanent space
station could aid in detecting natural disasters on earth in advance, conducting medical research and collecting solar energy to transmit back.
⏹ 4. The analysis will require the development of new theoretical tools but should be within
