期末考试模拟试题(2021)
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2020-2021学年度第二学期七年级期末模拟考试英语试题第Ⅰ卷(选择题105分)注意事项:每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
Ⅰ. 听力测试(每题1. 5分)一、听句子,选择与之相符的图片。
句子读一遍。
1.A. B. C.2.A. B. C.3. A. B. C.4.A. B. C.5.A. B. C.二、听对话,选择最佳答案。
每组对话读两遍。
6.What animal does the boy like best?A. A tiger.B. An elephant.C. A lion.7. How was the weather in the boy’s town?A. It’s windy.B. It’s rainy.C. It’s snowing.8. Where does the woman want to go?A. To a bank.B. To a restaurant.C. To a hotel.9. What would the man like for dinner?A. Tomato noodles.B. Porridge.C. Potato noodles.10. What does the man hope to buy someday?A. A car .B. A computer.C. A robot.三、你将听到一段对话。
对话读两遍。
11. How was the girl’s school trip at the beginning?A. Terrible.B. Great.C. Boring.12. What did the girl see at the museum?A. Some paintings.B. Model planes.C. Old books.13. Where did the girl take photos?A. Outside the museum.B. In the museum.C. Under some trees.14. Where else did the girl go?A. To a new station.B. To a new library.C. To a new park.15. When did the girl come back?A. At about four.B. At about five.C. At about six.四、听短文,选择正确答案。
福建省莆田市2021届英语八年级(上)期末考试模拟试题一、选择题1.Jim made a plan ______ the Great Wall this summer.A.visited B.visiting C.to visit D.visits2.Li Ming is so careful that he always looks over his exercises to ________ there are no mistakes.A.make sureB.find outC.think ofD.agree with3.—Did Minnie and Sarah have a good time at the party?—Yes.They enjoyed________there.A.herself B.itselfC.themselves D.yourselves4.I'm going to tidy my bedroom before I ________ to school.A.will goB.goC.wentD.to go5.(题文)His joke made all of us_________ .A.laugh B.laughing C.to laugh D.laughed6.As we all know, about 75 percent of the earth_______covered by water.A.is B.are C.am D.were7.Dale, I’m sorry to _____ your cup. But I’ll buy you a new one.A.break B.try C.win D.swing8.(题文)Pour some tomato sauce ______ the blender.A.in B.into C.on D.onto9.My brother will be back from London ___________ a month.A.forB.inC.atD.on10.The more ______ the movie is, the more people will be ______.A.touching, touched B.touched, touchingC.touch, touched D.touching, touch11.This is my friend. He is ________less outgoing than I am.A.much B.much more C.more D.very12.I ______ think he ______ take the bus to school. He usually rides a bike to school.A.don’t; willB./; won’tC.don’t; won’tD./; not13.Bill wants to ____________ a movie and Bob wants to ____________ TV.A.see; seeB.watches ; watchC.see; watchD.watch;see14.—What do you think of _______?—I don't mind it.A.to watch TV B.watching TV C.watch TV D.watched TV15.— You hurt your right leg? How did that happen?— Bad luck! I was walking along the road an e-bike hit me from behind. A.while B.as C.when D.before16.—Dad,I won a prize in China's Got Talent last week.—________ I hope you can do better next time.A.No problem. B.Not at all.C.You did a good job! D.I don't mind it.17.一 Where is my notebook ?一I don’t know . It isn’t here .Maybe _______took it away by mistake.A.everybody B.nobody C.anybody D.someone18.We can buy clothes _____________ at Blue Moon in our town.A.cheaperB.more cheaplyC.the cheapestD.most cheaply19.If you are going to be an actor, you have to ____________ .A.take acting lessonsB.take act lessonsC.take acting lessonD.take act lesson20.The T-shirt looks very nice. I think it costs ______ 50 dollars.A.at lastB.at firstC.at leastD.in least二、单词填空21.1)My uncle is a good c__________. I like to eat food that he makes.2)—What are you going to do after you finish high school?—I’m going to c_________ in Beijing.3)I want to be a doctor. I am going to study m____________ in the university.4)—How can I i_________ my English?—You can read it every morning.5)—I like to play volleyball. What’s your h___________ ?—I like singing.三、句型转换22.1)I didn’t have any money for a taxi. (改为同义句)I had ______ money to _______ a taxi.2)She watches TV three times a week.(对划线部分提问)______ _______ does she watch TV ?3)Tom is smart. David is smart, too. (合并为一句)Tom and David ______ _______ smart.4)I think Jason’s has the best quality clothing in town. (改为否定句)I ______ think Jason’s ______ the best quality clothing in town.5)Uncle Wang made a kite yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)_______ Uncle Wang _______ a kite yesterday?四、完成句子23.根据汉语完成句子1)对我们学生来说期末考试取得好成绩非常令人兴奋。
黑龙江省大庆市第六十九中学2021年数学八年级第二学期期末考试模拟试题 注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(每题4分,共48分)1.小亮从家步行到公交车站台,等公交车去学校. 图中的折线表示小亮的行程s (km)与所花时间t (min)之间的函数关系. 下列说法错误的是A .他离家8km 共用了30minB .他等公交车时间为6minC .他步行的速度是100m/minD .公交车的速度是350m/min2.下列说法中,错误..的是( ) A .两组对边分别相等的四边形是平行四边形B .有一个角是直角的平行四边形是矩形C .有三条边相等的四边形是菱形D .对角线互相垂直的矩形是正方形3.如图,在长方形纸片ABCD 中,4AB =,6AD =.点E 是AB 的中点,点F 是AD 边上的一个动点.将AEF ∆沿EF 所在直线翻折,得到GEF ∆.则GC 长的最小值是( )A .2102B .101C .13D .104.若2(2)(3)x x x px q -+=++,则p q +=( )A .7B .-7C .5D .-55.如图,在正方形ABCD 中,M 是对角线BD 上的一点,点E 在AD 的延长线上,连接AM 、EM 、CM ,延长EM 交AB 于点F ,若AM =EM ,30E ∠=︒,则下列结论:①MF ME =;②BFDE =;③MC EF ⊥;④2BF MD BC +=,其中正确的结论序号是( )A .①②③B .①②④C .②③④D .①②③④6.下列式子中一定是二次根式的是( )A .2B .32C .2-D .x7.下列说法:①对角线互相垂直的四边形是菱形;②矩形的对角线垂直且互相平分;③对角线相等的四边形是矩形;④对角线相等的菱形是正方形;⑤邻边相等的矩形是正方形.其中正确的是( )A .1个B .2个C .3个D .4个 8.如图,在△ABC 中,∠C =90°,AD 平分∠BAC 交BC 于点D ,且BD =2CD ,BC =9cm ,则点D 到AB 的距离为( )A .3cmB .2cmC .1cmD .4.5cm9.若一个多边形的每个内角都相等,且都为160度,则这个多边形的内角和是( )度A .2520B .2880C .3060D .324010.电视塔越高,从塔顶发射出的电磁波传播得越远,从而能收看到电视节目的区域就越广.电视塔高h (单位:km )与电视节目信号的传播半径r (单位:km )之间存在近似关系2r Rh =,其中R 是地球半径.如果两个电视塔的高分别是h km ,h km 12Rh 12Rh 化简为( )A.12h h B.1212h h h h C .121h h h D .122h h h 11.下列式子属于最简二次根式的是( )A .15B .21a +C .2a (a >0)D .1812.已知:如图,M 是正方形ABCD 内的一点,且MC MD AD ==,则AMB ∠的度数为( )A .120︒B .135︒C .145︒D .150︒二、填空题(每题4分,共24分)13.若把分式xy x y-中的x ,y 都扩大5倍,则分式的值____________. 14.某校四个绿化小组一天植树棵数分别是10、10、x 、8,已知这组数据的众数与平均数相等,则这组数据的中位数是_____.15.计算11x -−1x x -的结果为______ 16.如图,设四边形ABCD 是边长为1的正方形,以对角线AC 为边作第二个正方形ACEF ,再以对角线AE 为边作第三个正方形AEGH ,如此下去.则第2016个正方形的边长为_____17.若m =2,则244m m -+的值是_________________.18.若ABC ∆的三边长分别是6、8、10,则最长边上的中线长为______.三、解答题(共78分)19.(8分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线4y x =+与x 轴交于点A ,与过点B (0,2)且平行于x 轴的直线l 交于点C ,点A 关于直线l 的对称点为点D .(1)求点C 、D 的坐标;(2)将直线4y x =+在直线l 上方的部分和线段CD 记为一个新的图象G .若直线12y x b =-+与图象G 有两个公共点,结合函数图象,求b 的取值范围.20.(8分)2019年的暑假,李刚和他的父母计划去新疆旅游,他们打算坐飞机到乌鲁木齐,第二天租用一辆汽车自驾出游.根据以上信息,解答下列问题:(1)设租车时间为x 天,租用甲公司的车所需费用为1y 元,租用乙公司的车所需费用为2y 元,分别求出1y ,2y 关于x 的函数表达式;(2)请你帮助李刚,选择租用哪个公司的车自驾出游比较合算,并说明理由.21.(8分)如图,平行四边形ABCD 中,AB =4cm ,BC =6cm ,∠B =60°,G 是CD 的中点,E 是边AD 上的动点,EG 的延长线与BC 的延长线交于点F ,连接CE ,DF .(1)求证:四边形CEDF 是平行四边形;(2)①AE 为何值时四边形CEDF 是矩形?为什么?②AE 为何值时四边形CEDF 是菱形?为什么?22.(10分)已知:在正方形ABCD中,点H在对角线BD上运动(不与B,D重合)连接AH,过H点作HP⊥AH 于H交直线CD于点P,作HQ⊥BD于H交直线CD于点Q.(1)当点H在对角线BD上运动到图1位置时,则CQ与PD的数量关系是______.(2)当H点运动到图2所示位置时①依据题意补全图形.②上述结论还成立吗?若成立,请证明.若不成立,请说明理由.(3)若正方形边长为3,∠PHD=30°,直接写出PC长.23.(10分)如图,在正方形ABCD中,E、F分别为AB、BC的中点,连接CE、DF,将△CBE沿CE对折,得到△CGE,延长EG交CD的延长线于点H。
浙江省嘉兴市2021届英语八上期末模拟考试试题(二)一、选择题1.-How are we going to spend our free time?-Why not ____________ a hobby, like collecting cards?A.turn upB.put upC.pick upD.take up2.Which word of the following doesn’t have the same stress as the others?A.ForwardB.PlanetC.Prepare3.Jane bought some gifts for her teachers. She will pay $20 for every teacher. In total, she will spend ________4.We should have a good habit of _____ the water tap after washing our hands.A.turning offB.turning onC.turning to5.—Is that car ______?—Yes,it's _____ car.A.yours;own my B.yours;my ownC.your;own my D.your;my own6.—________?—It’s Friday the 20th.A.What is it B.What’s the date today C.What’s it like D.Wha t’s the time 7.—Hi, Bob! What’s going on over there?— Oh, Tom and Dick are playing chess, with a crowd of students watching them.(同义替换)A.happening B.appearing C.working D.playing8.Summer camping is a great _________ for students. It is good to help them grow up.A.successB.abilityC.progressD.experience9.The cookies _______ good. Can I have some more?A.taste B.smells C.feel D.sound10.I’m glad ______ you at the party.A.meet B.to meet C.meeting D.met11.Of all Gong Linna's songs, I like her Uneasy(忐忑) .A.well B.better C.best D.the best12.Linda,I know you are busy now,but I have to tell you.A.important something B.anything important C.important anything D.something important13.一Hi! You look unhappy today._______ ?一Nothing serious.A.What did happen B.What you happenedC.What happened to you D.Did you happen what14._____American people and British people speak the same language, their cultures are quite different.A.Since B.If C.Although D.Because15.There ___________ less water in 50 years.A.will beB.will haveC.hasD.was二、单词填空16.根据首字母句意及所给汉语提示,写出句中所缺单词。
五校联考2021届生物八上期末模拟考试试题(三)一、选择题1.为确定山猫、美洲野猫、大熊猫、美洲狮的生物分类地位,某兴趣小组的同学将通过互联网等途径获得的相关信息绘成下表。
由此可知,与其他3种动物亲缘关系最远的是A.山猫 B.美洲狮 C.大熊猫 D.美洲野猫2.各种动物都以各自独特的方式适应环境,下列选项中错误的是A.蚯蚓—腹面的刚毛协助体壁肌肉收缩舒张进行运动B.蝗虫—有外套膜防止水分蒸发C.鲫鱼—用鰓呼吸,鯖游泳D.蟾蜍—前肢短,后肢发达,适于跳跃3.下列说法与鸟适于飞行生活无关的是()A.身体呈流线型 B.具有脊椎骨C.骨骼轻、薄、坚固 D.翼上有大型的羽毛4.下列属于两栖动物的是()A.虾和蟹 B.青蛙和蟾蜍C.虾和青蛙 D.蟾蜍和鳄鱼5.寄生生活的扁形动物,其特点是( )A.消化器官发达 B.生殖器官发达 C.没有专门运动器官 D.都有两个寄主6.《寂静的春天》一书引起了世界人民对野生动物的关注。
动物在自然界中的作用有()①维持生态平衡②促进物质循环③消灭病虫害④帮助植物传粉、传播种子A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②④7.下列不属于生物多样性的内涵是()A.生态系统的多样性 B.繁殖方式的多样性C.生物种类的多样性 D.基因的多样性8.夏天放久的馒头会生出“白毛”或“黑毛”,这些霉菌来自()A.空气中飘来的孢子B.空气中飘来的菌丝C.面粉中携带的孢子D.面粉中携带的菌丝9.下面关于生物分类的叙述,错误..的是()A.分类单位越大,所包含的生物种类越少B.分类单位越小,所包含的生物亲缘关系越近C.生物学家根据动物之间的相似程度,把它们分成不同等级的分类单位D.生物分类单位从大到小依次是:界、门、纲、目、科、属、种10.下列动物中不属于恒温动物的是( )A.猎豹 B.企鹅 C.鲸鱼 D.响尾蛇11.绿色植物与人类关系密切,下列相关说法中错误..的是()A.海带、紫菜等藻类植物可食用B.葫芦藓可以作为监测空气污染程度的指示植物C.肾蕨可提供优质的木材D.被子植物中有许多粮食作物12.利用你所学的知识.下列说法最科学的是()A.生活在海洋中的海豚、鲸、海豹,虽然生活在水中,但它们是胎生、哺乳,体温恒定是哺乳动物,不是鱼类B.化学进化学说已经得到实验的证明,是关于生命起源最科学的说法C.现在的杀虫剂用一段时间效果不好,都是生产质量越来越差的缘故D.在分类单位中,同门不同纲的生物比同科不同属的生物相似性多、亲缘关系近13.下列观赏植物中,需放在背阴处栽培并多浇水的是( )A.肾蕨 B.菊花 C.兰花 D.苏铁14.目前野生的长江江豚数量已不足1200头,且正在以每年64%的速度递减,如不抓紧保护,很可能步白鳍豚后尘,在10至15年间出现功能性灭绝。
2021届海口市初二(上)英语期末考试模拟试题一、选择题1.—Dad,I won a prize in China's Got Talent last week.—________ I hope you can do better next time.A.No problem. B.Not at all.C.You did a good job! D.I don't mind it.2.(题文)It’s time for class. Please stop __________.A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked3.I saw a boy _______ in the street this morning, so I went to ask what was the matter. A.cry B.crying C.to cry D.cried4.- Is the bread enough for you?- Oh, no. I’m so hungry. I want _________cakes, too.A.little B.a little C.few D.a few5.Now China has joined WTO, so I think English is __________ useful than before .A.moreB.mostC.much6.If you can help me _______ the party games, please tell me _______this Friday.A.out; by B.with; by C.with; in D.on; on7.Kay is _____ than I am.A.funny and outgoing B.more funny and outgoing C.funnier and more outgoing8.─Will you go bike riding with Sam or stay at home?─________. My book report is due in two days.A.Yes,I willB.No,I won'tC.I'll ride a bikeD.I'll stay at home9.(题文)—What do you think of Tara? —She is________than Isabel.A.much outgoing B.outgoing C.much more outgoing D.more much outgoing 10.—What do you need to make the tomato noodles?— _______ onion and ________ tomato, please.A.A,aB.An ,anC.A,anD.An,a11.—Dad, how can I get on well with my classmates?─Try to be friendly to them. That will make it much ________.A.easilyB.easierC.easyD.more easily12.On March 14th, 2018, the greatest physicist Stephen Hawking_____peacefully at his home. We were all surprised at the news.A.dies B.died C.dead D.death13.一Andrew hit a pipe. and filled the room with water.一Let's help him right away.A.mopping it up B.mopping up it C.mop it up D.mop up it14._____________yogurt do we need for the milk shake ?A.How many B.How muchC.How D.How long15.—Can you come to my party?— .A.Yes, I can’t B.Sorry,I can’tC.No,I can D.Sorry, I can16.Does your sister_________exercise after school?A.gets many B.get much C.gets lot D.get lot of 17.—Let’s go camping after exams.--________. We need to relax.A.Not really B.Lucky you C.It’s my pleasure D.That’s for sure 18.I’m sure about_________the tennis match next Friday.A.win B.winning C.to win D.won19.Does he ______ you when you meet him?A.shake hands withB.shakes hands withC.shake hands toD.shakes hands to20.- ____________ will your head teacher come back from America?-In two days.A.How longB.How soonC.How oftenD.How far二、单词填空21.1)Our family t_____________ to New York last summer vacation.2)I found lots of money in his w_____________.3)Be c_____________! A car is coming!4)She is a new teacher. She has no e_____________ of teaching at all.5)Sam played computer games a lot. His mother was a_____________ with him. 三、句型转换22.三、句型转换。
2021哲学与人生期末考试模拟试卷试题及答案101.要正确发挥自觉能动性,就必须利用条件、改变条件、创造规律。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)102.社会价值是人的根本价值,是自我价值实现的基础。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错103.“将军难打无兵之仗”表明人的能动作用受客观条件的制约。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错104.人们可以利用规律,来改变和创造规律。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)105. 量变引起质变只是事物在数量上的变化。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)106.任何两个事物之间都有联系。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)107.青年学生应该在服务社会关爱他人中实现利已与利他的统一。
[判断题] *错108.要坚持”我为人人,人人为我”的处世原则。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错109.顺境比逆境更有利于人生发展。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)110.“对外开放”的概念说明事物之间存在普遍联系。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错111判断一种观点的是非对错,应“以伟人之是非为是非”或“以吾心之是非为是非”。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)112.平凡的工作可以做出不平凡的业绩,同样能够实现人生价值。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错113.对立是统中的对立,统一是对立中的统一。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错114.有人说,量变不易察觉,质变则一眼看破。
[判断题] *错115.衡量人生价值,物质贡献比精神贡献更重要。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)116.个人对社会的贡献是多方面的.但归根到底主要是精神贡献。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)117.本质决定现象。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错118.经济发展与人口、资源、环境等因素息息相关.这体现了联系的普遍性和客观性。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错119.处理好自身努力和外部条件的关系,才能促进人生发展.创造理想人生。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错120.联系的客观性是指联系是事物本身所固有的,不以人的意志为转移的。
河南省驻马店市2021届英语八上期末模拟考试试题(四)一、选择题1.Becky ___________ who broke the window.A.found outB.foundC.lookedD.looked for2.Mr. Wu asked us __________a pair of trainers, because we would have to walk a long way. A.sellB.to sellC.wearD.to wear3.一 is it from the Children's Palace to Xingfu Temple,Tom?一About 10 minutes by bus.A.How soon B.How long C.How much D.How far4.一Andrew hit a pipe. and filled the room with water.一Let's help him right away.A.mopping it up B.mopping up it C.mop it up D.mop up it5.—I’m really sorry to know that people fish too often in this area.—Yes. This means some rare birds will have food.A.fewer and fewer B.less and lessC.bigger and bigger D.more and more6.My father usually _______ the subway to work, but next week he _______ to work.A.takes;will walkB.takes;walksC.will take;will walk7.--- does your mother go shopping?---She goes shopping once a week.A.How long B.How much C.How often D.How far8.— What great _________! You got first place in the singing competition.—Really? I’m so happy.rmationB.newsC.suggestionD.message9.You are halfway to ______ a problem just by talking to someone about it.A.solveB.solvingC.finishD.finishing10.—It's ______colder than it ______yesterday.—That's right.You'd better put on more clothes.A.much;was B.more;wasC.much;is D.more;is11.Jim made a plan ______ the Great Wall this summer.A.visited B.visiting C.to visit D.visits12.一Hi! You look unhappy today._______ ?一Nothing serious.A.What did happen B.What you happenedC.What happened to you D.Did you happen what13.I want to be a professional basketball player,______ I practice basketball every day.A.because B.so C.or D.but14.At times, parents find it difficult ________ with their children.A.talk B.talked C.talking D.to talk15.He. _________ some sugar _________ the coffee.A.put;atB.added;toC.added;withD.added;/二、单词填空16.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
衡水市2021届生物八上期末模拟考试试题(四)一、选择题1.下列关于生物多样性及其保护的说法,正确的是()A.生物多样性就是指生物种类的多样性 B.保护生物多样性就是要全面禁止开发和利用C.生物多样性面临的主要威胁是滥采乱伐 D.就地保护是保护生物多样性的根本途径2.小明学习了微生物发酵技术后,在家自制米酒和泡菜,下列有关叙述中错误的是A.都需要在无氧的条件下进行B.都使用了相同的菌种C.所用菌种的生殖方式不同D.发酵过程中所用菌种都能分解糖类3.“头上两根感觉触角,两对翅,三对足,身体分为头胸腹,里头是肉外是骨”描写的是哪类生物的主要特点()。
A.环节动物 B.昆虫 C.软体动物 D.鸟类4.对动物行为的叙述合理的是()A.动物的先天性行为就是在出生后表现出来的行为B.学习行为是后天获得的,与遗传无关,主要受环境的影响C.低等动物不具有学习行为D.学习行为使动物能够更好的适应周围环境,但这种行为不能遗传给后代5.细菌的生殖方式是()A.孢子生殖 B.分裂生殖 C.出芽生殖 D.有性生殖6.“鸟宿池边树,僧敲月下门”这句诗是诗人贾岛的名句。
曾经诗人对于用“敲”还是“推”而拿不定主意。
如果和尚是推门的话,就是在做伸肘运动,伸肘运动时其肱二头肌和肱三头肌所处的状态分别是()A.舒张、收缩B.收缩、舒张C.舒张、舒张D.收缩、收缩7.人体骨骼肌不包括哪一肌群()A.心肌 B.头颈肌 C.躯干肌 D.四肢肌8.下列不属于真核生物的是()A.青霉B.蘑菇C.公鸡D.葡萄球菌9.夏季的雨后,在树林或草地上常常生出大量的蘑菇,下列有关蘑菇的描述错误的是A.蘑菇的地上部分外形好像一把伞,这部分叫做子实体B.蘑菇依靠地下部分的菌丝从腐殖质中吸收有机养料和水分,进行寄生生活C.很多蘑菇可食用,但有些蘑菇有毒,误食会中毒D.蘑菇的生殖方式为孢子生殖10.不同霉菌的菌落表现出不同的颜色,原因是()A.菌丝的颜色B.培养基的色素移动C.霉菌孢子的颜色D.与大气发生化学反应11.某同学在对植物进行分类时,把水稻、桃树、松树归为一类,把硅藻、葫芦藓、海带归为一类,其分类的依据是()A.有种子和无种子 B.有茎叶的分化和无茎叶的分化C.有根和无根 D.生活在陆地上和生活在水中12.下列在生物分类中最相近、亲缘关系最近的一组生物是()A.雪松和桃树 B.大豆和根瘤菌C.酵母菌和乳酸菌 D.人和;黑猩猩13.为了保护斑头雁、棕头鸥等鸟类及其赖以生存的栖息环境,在青海省建立青海湖鸟岛自然保护区,请问这是动物多样性保护措施中的( )A.就地保护 B.易地保护C.法制教育和管理 D.以上三项都不是14.下列这些水中生活的动物中,哪一组都是无脊椎动物()A.海龟、鱿鱼 B.海蜇、青蛙 C.寄居蟹、章鱼 D.鲤鱼、河蚌15.下列关于保护植物资源和生态环境的观点中,不正确的是()A.禁止开发利用森林资源B.多植树造林,提高森林覆盖率C.制定相应的环境保护的法律法规D.建立自然保护区保护珍稀的植物资源16.某些生物兴趣小组在一次实地考察中,观察到了蝗虫、青蛙、家燕、家兔四种动物。
2021-2022学年春学期高一期末考试生物模拟试卷一、单选题(共14小题,每小题2分,计28分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.下列有关细胞分子组成的叙述,正确的是A.豌豆细胞中组成遗传物质的基本单位有8种B.生物大分子彻底水解后的产物即是它的基本组成单位C.磷脂是所有细胞必不可少的脂质D.—个蛋白质分子只有一个氨基和一个羧基2.下列对生物体中有关化合物的鉴定实验不正确的是选项鉴定对象试剂颜色水浴加热生物材料A淀粉碘液蓝色不需要脱色的材料B还原糖斐林试剂砖红色需要含还原糖高的白色植物组织C蛋白质双缩脲试剂紫色不需要豆浆、牛奶、鸡蛋清D脂肪苏丹Ⅲ染液红色不需要花生3.右图为某动物细胞部分结构示意图,相关叙述错误的是A.①与脂质的合成有关B.②与损伤细胞器的清除有关C.③与纺锤体的形成有关D.④与蛋白质的合成有关4.图为Na+A.AB.BC.CD.D5.下图是细胞中糖类合成与分解过程示意图。
下列叙述正确的是A.过程①只在线粒体中进行,过程②只在叶绿体中进行B.过程①产生的能量全部储存在ATP中C.过程②产生的(CH2O)中的氧全部来自H2OD.过程①和②中均能产生[H],二者还原的物质不同6.有人把能够在所有细胞中表达,维持细胞基本生命活动所必需的基因称为“管家基因”;而把只在特定细胞中表达的基因称为“奢侈基因”,下列叙述正确的是A.人体的胰岛素基因和血红蛋白基因都是管家基因B.控制ATP合成酶合成的基因属于管家基因C.生物体各种细胞具有相同的管家基因和不同的奢侈基因D.细胞分化是管家基因选择性表达的结果7.如图为某种高等动物的细胞分裂示意图。
下列叙述正确的是A.甲细胞一定为次级精母细胞B.乙细胞含有2对同源染色体C.丙细胞是乙细胞分裂的结果D.丙中的M、m为一对同源染色体8.在家鼠的遗传实验中,一黑色家鼠与白色家鼠杂交(家鼠的毛色由两对等位基因控制且两对等位基因独立遗传),F1均为黑色。
F1雌雄个体进行交配得F2,F2中家鼠的毛色情况为黑色∶浅黄色∶白色=9∶6∶1,则浅黄色个体中纯合子所占的比例为A.1/3B.1/8C.1/4D.1/2 9.豌豆花的位置分为叶腋和茎顶两种,分别受T和t基因控制。
2021届安徽省巢湖市初二(上)英语期末考试模拟试题一、选择题1.Our office is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. every ________.It is not open on the weekend.A.dayB.weekdayC.SaturdayD.Sunday2.I will give the message to him __________he comes back.A.before B.since C.as soon as D.until3.I’m sorry I didn’t recognize your voice just now. It sounded quite different ______ the phone.A.from B.throughC.on D.by4.(题文)Pour some tomato sauce ______ the blender.A.in B.into C.on D.onto5.- How are you, Allen? You d on’t look well. –I’m afraid I have ____.A.a flu B.an flu C.the flu D.some flu6.If you____have an ID card,they____let you in.A.do; won’t B.will; will C.don’t; won’t D.won’t; will7.My teacher helps to ________ the best in me.A.take out B.look out C.bring out D.come out8.My sister is a _________ girl. She always has many new ideas.A.activeB.outgoingC.creativeD.serious9.This movie wasn’t ______. Most of children felt very ______.A.interesting enough; boredB.enough interesting; boringC.interesting enough; boringD.enough interesting; bored10.In China,it is ____for people to eat long noodles on their birthday. They are a symbol of long life.A.cheap B.successful C.traditional D.simple11.These old men always help others _________ they live a poor life.A.soB.butC.becauseD.though12.— How long may I keep the book?.— You _______ keep it for another two weeks.A.canB.mustC.need13.一What did your sister do last summer ?一 She_______my aunt and stayed there for two weeks .A.visit B.visited C.visits D.will visit14.Did Tom invite you _____his party ?A.in B.to C.for D.on15.─How was the food there,Tom?─__________.A.I ate a lotB.It tastes wellC.I was OKD.Everything tasted really good 16.Farmers are becoming __________ in our hometown.A.more and more richB.richer and richerC.more rich and more richD.rich and rich17.-Would you mind my opening the window?-_____.A.Of course not B.My pleasureC.Yes,please D.You are welcome18.Peter is ________of the three boys, but he’s _______than the other two.A.the tallest, younger B.taller, older C.tallest, younger D.tall, oldest19.1 don’t like the colour of the T-shirt. Would you show me one?A.otherB.the otherC.anotherD.others20.Summer camping is a great _________ for students. It is good to help them grow up.A.successB.abilityC.progressD.experience二、单词填空21.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
河南省平顶山市2021届英语八上期末模拟考试试题(二)一、选择题1.The writer's new novel ____________ last month.A.came outes oute outD.will come out2.Last Sunday she ________and they had a good time.A.hung out with her friends B.had an ice-creamC.took some photos D.want to the park3.The students take the exams _______.A.serious B.seriously C.bad D.worse4.The box is _______ heavy for the boy _______ lift.A.too; toB.to; tooC.much, to5.We would like ______ the mountains.A.to take a trip B.take trips toC.take a trip to D.to take trips to6.-How do you prepare for your exam?- studying with groups.A.With B.For C.By D.At7.Sally works very hard . ________ ,she won the first place.A.At the end of B.At least C.At last D.Final8.—Have you read today’s newspaper?—No, I haven’t. Is there in it?A.something important B.anything specialC.new anything9.You made so many mistakes in the test. I think you____be more careful next time.A.can B.should C.can’t D.shouldn’t10.—Did you study for the math test last night?—________. I just played computer games.A.Not really B.Sure C.Not bad D.Great11.I don’t like this T-shirt. Can you show me ________one?A.other B.the other C.another D.others12.This coat doesn't fit him well, as he has_____ a huge body and the coat is ____ small. A.so; such B.so; so C.such; such D.such; so13.—One can't be successful ________ he or she keeps working hard.—I agree with you.A.although B.unless C.because D.if14.The summer holidays are coming, so the twins as well as Jack ______to Hong Kong for vacation.A.is going B.are going C.goes D.go15.—What do you usually do after school?—I ________ swim with my friends.A.ready B.ready to C.ready to do D.am ready to二、单词填空16.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词1)This film is so boring that I can’t s________ it.2)—What do you think of talent shows?—I don’t m_________ them.3)The book is very e________. You can learn a lot from it.4)—What ________(发生)to you yesterday?— Oh, I fell over(绊倒)on the way to school.5)My brother often tells ________(笑话)to make us laugh.三、句型转换17.按要求完成下列句子。
江苏省无锡市2021届英语八上期末模拟考试试题(二)一、选择题1.______ the morning of May 10th, they finished their work.A.FromB.AtC.OnD.in2.When and where ________ the accident ________?A.was; happenedB./; happenedC.is; happeningD.did; happen3.Tom's Chinese is poor. He wants me ________ him ________ his Chinese.A.to help;withB.help;to studyC.helping;withD.to help;studying4.________you need me , I’ll stay .A.As B.Because ofC.The same as D.As long as5.—Lucy, is there _______ university in the city?--- Yes. My good friend is studying in ________ university now.A.an; an B.a; a C.a; the D.an; the6.- corn do we need to make the popcorn?-Only a big bowl.A.How long B.How many C.How far D.How much7.It ______ be our English teacher,because he is in Shanghai now.A.can not B.could notC.isn't able to D.is able to not8.I’d like a cup of coffee ______ anything in it.A.withB.forC.throughD.without9.This kind of book is for children to read.A.enough wellB.enough goodC.well enoughD.good enough10.一What do you think of the house, dear?—_________I can’t find a better one.A.Too bad. B.Too expensive.C.Good idea! D.Pretty good!11.The air in Beijing is getting much ______ than a few years ago.A.clean B.cleaner C.cleanest D.the cleanest12.I found an elephant ________across the river.A.walks B.walked C.to walk D.walking13.Most of the ______ ______ very hot .A.city ; is B.city ; are C.cities ; is D.cities ,was14.A small lovely room is much _________ than a big cold one.A.good B.well C.better D.best15.Do you like lettuce _________ sandwiches?A.ofB.inC.atD.with二、单词填空16.根据句意和所给汉语完成句子。
山东省日照市2021届英语八上期末模拟考试试题(四)一、选择题1.—Which stories do you hope to read in your free time?—The ________ ones.I can learn a lot when reading them.A.simple B.short C.educational D.meaningless2.The temperature(温度) often falls ________ zero here. We have to wear the sweaters. A.under B.below C.above3.Did Lisa tell you_____in the letter?A.funny anything B.anything funnyC.funny something4.You can buy everything ________ the Internet,and it's very easy.A.intoB.forC.atD.on5.—What________they__________of Amanda ?—They love her .A.do; think B.are ; thinkC.does ; think D.is ; thinking6.His eyes were _______tears as he looked happily at her .A.covered with B.agreed withC.filled with D.taken up7.____________ do you make fruit salad ?A.How soon B.How C.How far D.How long8.一What did your sister do last summer ?一 She_______my aunt and stayed there for two weeks .A.visit B.visited C.visits D.will visit9.They have something common. Both of them are talented singing and dancing. A.in, on B.in, in C.at, on D.at, at10.—Is that car ______?—Yes,it's _____ car.A.yours;own my B.yours;my ownC.your;own my D.your;my own11.(题文)—What are the boys doing?—They are preparing ______ the football match.A.with B.for C.about D.on12.— Why are you so happy?— I ________ my pen friend just now. He sent me a nice photo.A.cared about B.found out C.heard from D.turned down13._______ lovely girl the Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui is! She is very famous now. A.How B.How a C.What D.What a14.—Hi, Jack! ________ you come to our English party?—Sorry, I have to look after my little sister at home.A.Should B.Must C.Can D.Need15.I’m looking forward to ____ you.A.hear from B.hearing from C.hear of D.hearing of二、单词填空16.(题文)英汉互译1)(小题1)如果去参加晚会,你会玩得很高兴。
浙江省嘉兴市2021届英语八上期末模拟考试试题(四)一、选择题1.─Where's our math teacher?─I don't know. __________ he is in the library.A.MayB.MaybeC.May beD.Maybe is2.They seem ______ what they are doing.A.knew B.to know C.knowing D.know3.—Who taught you Japanese?—Nobody. I learnt it by ______.A.myself B.my C.me D.mine4.—What bad weather!—Yes.The radio says it will be even _________ tomorrow.A.bad B.badly C.worst D.worse5.The writer's new novel ____________ last month.A.came outes oute outD.will come out6.We can't work out the physics problem. Can you tell us ?A.how to do it B.what to do it C.how to do D.what should to do7.It isn't watch. I left at home when I came to school this morning.A.my; me B.my, mine C.mine; my D.me; mine8.—Why didn’t you write down what the teacher said?—He spoke ______ fast ______ I didn’t follow him.A.so; thatB.too; toC.very; thatD.enough; to9.—Do you need yogurt to make this kind of food?—Yes,but only ________.A.little B.a little C.few D.a few10.Jenny made a mistake again because she never does things .A.careful;carefully B.careless;carefulC.careless;carefully D.careful;carelessly11.It’s time to do your homework. Stop _______TV.A.watching B.to watch C.seeing12.Jane is a ___ high school student in the United States.A.16 years old B.16- years-old C.16-year-old D.16 year old13.I'm going to tidy my bedroom before I ________ to school.A.will goB.goC.wentD.to go14.We can get _________ in many kinds of ways such as reading newspapers, watching TV and surfing the Internet.A.grades B.information C.programs D.magazine15.— ________ do you usually watch TV?— Twice a week.A.How soonB.How oftenC.How longD.How many二、单词填空16.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
天津市东丽区2021届英语八上期末模拟考试试题(二)一、选择题1.Our city is _________ city in China.A.second biggestB.the second biggestC.second the biggestD.the second big2.Sometimes you have to stop too much and just go where your heart takes you. A.think B.to think C.thinking3.Li Wei is a __________ student, but his brother is even __________ than him.A.best;betterB.better;betterC.good;bestD.good;better4.─Who is _________, Tom or Mike?─Tom is.A.thinB.thinnerC.very thinD.more thin5.─Do they look the same?─__________. Linda is a lot taller.A.Yes,they areB.No,they don'tC.I think soD.You're right6.It was quite a(n) ________ when a woman first became prime minister.A.calendar B.exam C.event D.promise7.It's time to watch English news. To improve our English, let's _____________ the TV and _____________ our mouths to listen and speak.A.turn on;openB.open;turn onC.turn down; closeD.close;turn down8.I think the best way ____________is taking part in(参加) outdoor activities.A.to relax B.relaxing C.relaxed D.relaxes9.Mr. Smith is so ________ that he can buy such an expensive car.A.cleverB.cuteC.richD.interesting10.If you join the band, maybe you’ll ______.A.famous B.be famous C.being famous D.not famous11.I’m sorry I didn’t recognize your voice just now. It sounded quite different ______ the phone.A.from B.throughC.on D.by12.—Kate won the drawing competition yesterday. It was so cool!—Yes. She spend all her free time ____________ drawing.A.keep onB.keep practicingC.in keeping onD.on keeping practicing 13.— How does your father go to work?— On foot. Our house ___________ his office.A.is different fromB.is close toC.is far fromD.is the same as14.My friend advised me _________ his invitation.A.acceptB.to acceptC.acceptingD.accepted15.— What did you __________?— I __________ my pen.A.lost; loseB.lost; lostC.lose; lostD.lose; lose二、单词填空16.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词(5分)1)Do you like eating ice cream in s ________?2)M ________ is not everything, but we must have it.3)Don’t run when you see a dog. It is d________.4)Miss Smith is a good teacher, and she t________ us English.5)As a reporter, he works for a m________.三、句型转换17.1)Mary is not as tall as her sister.(改为同义句)Mary ________ _____________than her sister.2)You like game shows.(完成附加疑问句)You like game shows,_____________ __________?3)There are some differences between my best friend and me.(改为一般疑问句)______ ___________ ___________differences between you and your best friend?4)I think a good friend can make me laugh,(改为否定句)I ______ ________a good friend__________make me laugh.5)Tara works hard. Mary works hard,too.(合并为一句)Tara works__________ ___________ _________Mary.四、完成句子18.1)昨天他在为考试而学习。
山西省晋城市2021届英语八上期末模拟考试试题(三)一、选择题1.—Huang Bo is ________ actor that I know.—He really did better than we ________ in the movie.A.a funny,asked B.the funniest,askedC.a funny,expected D.the funniest,expected2.surprise news it is! All of us feel surprised at it.A.How B.What a C.What D.What an3.It's up to you _____________ them what they should do.A.tellB.to tellC.tellsD.telling4.Would you another cup of tea?A.like to have B.to like having C.likes have D.to like to have5.—Tommy is really a _______boy .—Yes , he always has many new ideas .A.friendly B.funny C.creative D.active6.—How many _______do you sleep every day ?—Nine hours.A.hour B.times C.hours D.days7.I think this story is __________ interesting than that one. I like that story better.A.veryB.muchC.lessD.a lot8.__________ it is raining hard, the policeman is still working at the crossing.A.BecauseB.WhenC.IfD.Though9.—Have you read today’s newspaper?—No, I haven’t. Is there in it?A.something important B.anything specialC.new anything10.I have to study ________ my math test ________ Friday afternoon.A.at;on B.for;on C.for;in D.on;for11.I can’t finish my homework on time you help me.A.if B.unless C.though D.because12.—Did you last week?—Yes. I went to Beijing with my family.A.go somewhere interesting B.go anywhere interestingC.go interesting anywhere D.go to anywhere interesting13.(题文)You will cut your problem in ________ half if you'd like to share it with others.A.a B.an C.the D./14.If I don't finish the housework,my mother________me watch TV.A.lets B.will let C.don't D.won't let15.一What do you think of the two movies?—The first movie is____________than the second one.A.much inlerestingB.much more interestingC.more much interestingD.interesting二、单词填空16.A.根据句意及汉语提示写单词。
重庆市万州区2021届语文八上期末模拟考试试题(一)一、选择题1.下列文学常识搭配正确的一项是A.横柯上蔽,在昼犹昏——吴均——东晋B.不畏浮云遮望眼,自缘身在最高层——杜甫——唐朝C.野芳发而幽香,佳木秀而繁阴——范仲淹——宋朝D.浩荡离愁白日斜,吟鞭东指即天涯——龚自珍——清朝2.(题文)下面几句话是按顺序来描写托尔斯泰须发特点的。
排序正确的一项是()①一绺绺灰白的鬈发像泡沫一样堆在额头上。
②像米开朗琪罗画的摩西一样,托尔斯泰给人留下的难忘形象,来源于他那天父般的犹如卷起的滔滔白浪的大胡子。
③宽约一指的眉毛像纠缠不清的树根,朝上倒竖。
④他生就一副多毛的脸庞,植被多于空地,浓密的胡髭使人难以看清他的内心世界。
⑤不管从哪个角度看,你都能见到热带森林般茂密的须发。
⑥长髯覆盖了两颊,遮住了嘴唇,遮住了皱似树皮的黝黑脸膛,一根根迎风飘动,颇有长者风度。
A.②③①④⑤⑥ B.④⑥③②①⑤ C.④⑥③①⑤② D.④③②①⑤⑥3.(题文)下列加点字注音正确的一项是( )A.沉檀.(tán) 驻.足(zhù) 推崇.(cónɡ) 重峦叠嶂.(zhànɡ)B.遒.劲(qiú) 匀称.(chèn) 罅.隙(xià) 摩肩接踵.(zhǒnɡ)C.涂墁.(mài) 蚋.虫(nà) 轩榭.(xiè) 惟妙惟肖.(xiào)D.黏.土(zhān) 丘壑.(hè) 模.样(mó) 瘦骨嶙.峋(lín)4.下面句子标点符号有误的一项是()A.一共只有七根火柴,他却数了很长时间。
数完了,又向卢进勇望了一眼,意思好像说:“看明白了?”B.女主人不好意思地说:“您的……心意我们领了,我们以后一定……”C.我以为言就是花的香气,行就是花的形象和花期的久暂。
D.啊,小桃树啊!我该怎么感激你,你到底还有一朵花呢,明日一早,你会开吗?5.下列各句中加点词语书写完全正确的一项是()A.那个炉子即使..的程度,也令人完全失望。
期末考试模拟试题(2021)八年级语文期末测试模拟试卷(高考模式)(120分)一.古诗文阅读(29分)(一)名句默写(10分)1.中原乱,(),几时收?()。
2.争渡,争渡,()。
3.芳草长堤,()。
(),冲出去沙禽掠岸飞。
4.无可奈何花落去,()。
()。
5.()。
风休住,()。
6.角声满天秋色里,()。
7.白头搔更短,()。
8.一怒而诸侯惧,()。
9.(),松柏有本性。
10.(),路远莫致之。
(二)诗歌鉴赏(5分)相见欢朱敦儒金陵城上西楼,倚清秋。
万里夕阳垂地大江流。
中原乱①,簪缨②散,几时收?试倩③悲风吹泪过扬州。
【注解】①中原乱:指公元1127年(宋钦宗靖康二年)金人强占中原的大乱。
汴京陷落,二帝阵亡。
朱敦儒仓猝南逃亡金陵。
②簪缨:当时官僚贵州的冠饰,这里代指他们本人。
③倩:恳请。
(1)用自己的话描述“万里夕阳垂地大江流”的画面,并说说其表达效果。
(2分)(2)这首诗抒发了作者怎样的思想感情?(2分后)(三)文言文写作(14分后)写作《富贵不能淫》顺利完成以下各题。
1.解释下列句中加点词的意思。
(4分)①妾妇之道()②就是焉得为大丈夫乎()③居天下之广居()④并无妄夫子()2.用“/”标示出下面句子的两处朗诵停滞。
(2分后)公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉3.译者以下句子。
(3分后)富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈,此之谓大丈夫。
4.孟子说道:“愁则独善其身,超过则兼善天下”。
文中哪句话与这句话的意思相似?(2分后)5.说一说“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈”的现实意义。
(3分)二.现代文写作部分(41分后)(一)科技文阅读天空为什么是蓝色(马里奥伊莫利纳)(13分)①雪白、草绿、柠檬黄、天蓝。
我们形容一种颜色,总讨厌在前面加之那种颜色的事物,形容蓝色时候,也自然加之了“天”字。
那么,天为什么就是绿的,而不是蓝的或白的呢?②首先你得明白一个道理:我们周围的事物之所以显现出颜色来,仅仅是因为阳光照射着它们。
________阳光看上去是白色的,________所有的颜色赤、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫,在阳光里都存在。
天空里有这么多颜色,为什么我平时看到的只有蓝色呢?你可能会问。
如果你把光线设想为波浪,你就会猜破这个谜了。
光其实就是像是一个波浪那样在运动的。
我们去设想一下一滴雨落到一个水洼里的情景。
当这滴雨落在水面上时,就可以产生小波浪,波浪一起一伏地变为更大的圈,向着四面八方拓展连绵不绝。
如果这些波浪遇上一块小石子或一个别的什么障碍物,它们就可以回调回去,发生改变了波浪的方向。
而阳光从天空反射下来,一样可以连续不断地遇到某些障碍。
因为光所必须反射的空气并不是觑的,它由很多很多微小的微粒共同组成。
其中99%不是氮气就是氧气,其余则就是别的气体微粒和微小的飘浮微粒,源于汽车的废气、工厂的烟雾、森林火灾或者火山爆发出的岩灰。
虽然氧气和氮气微粒只是一滴雨水的一百万分之一,但是它们也照样能够抵挡阳光的去路。
光线从这些众多的小“绊脚石”上冲回,自然也就发生改变了自己的方向。
③可是那么多颜色的光改变了方向,为什么只有蓝色被看到呢?你可能还是不明白。
我们还得回到刚才说的那个水洼里。
水洼里,小的波浪遇到小石子的话,水面便被搞得混乱不堪;但如果是一个“巨浪”,像你用手在水洼边掀起的那种“巨浪”,它就有可能干脆从石头上溢过去,并畅通无阻地到达水洼的对面边缘。
那么,就像有大波浪和小波浪一样,各种各样颜色的光波也有不同的“波浪”,也就是波长:不过它们可不像水波的波浪,用肉眼是看不出它们的大小的,因为它们小得难以想象,只是一根头发的一百分之一!得用很灵敏的测量仪表才可以精确地测定出来。
根据科学家的测定,蓝色光和紫色光的波长比较短,相当于“小波浪”;橙色光和红色光的波长比较长,相当于“大波浪”。
当遇到空气中的障碍物的时候,蓝色光和紫色光因为翻不过去那些障碍,便被“散射”得到处都是,布满整个天空。
天空,就是这样被“散射”成了蓝色。
④辨认出这种“反射”现象的科学家叫做瑞利,他就是在130年前辨认出的,他也就是诺贝尔奖获得者。
⑤用“散射”现象,你就可以解释下面这些天象了。
⑥比如太阳落山时的傍晚,天空不显现蓝色而显现红色,正在下落的太阳也变成暗红色,也是一样的道理。
由于傍晚的光在照射到你这个地方的路上所遇到的众多的微粒,使得阳光中的紫色的和蓝色的部分往四面八方散射开去,仅留下一点点使你的肉眼看得见的橙红色光线――因为它们的波长长、“波浪大”,翻过了路上的障碍。
⑦不过,细心的你会发现,天穹在落日后也还会在一段时间内呈现深蓝色。
这也曾经是科学家们关心的一件怪事,不过几个物理学家已经在50年前揭开了这个谜:导致黄昏时天空的蓝色,是一种特别的物质。
这种特别的物质在离地20至30公里的高空处聚集成厚厚的一个层面,叫臭氧层。
这种气体对正在下落的太阳光起到像颜色过滤器那样的作用:它截获太阳光中的黄色和橙色的部分,却几乎无阻拦地让蓝色的部分通过。
当最后的少许光消失时,所有的颜色才消失在黑暗的夜色中。
⑧今天我们学到了为什么我们眼中的天空是蓝色的。
其实从地球以外望过来也是一样:覆盖我们地球2/3面积的海水也散发着蓝光,陆地上虽然有土地的褐色或森林的绿色,然而上空却总是蓝色的。
从宇宙中看来,整个地球都被裹着一块轻柔的蓝色面纱。
从大气层外看见过地球的天文学家报道过这一情况。
⑨所以地球被称做“蓝色星球”是完全正确的。
它那独特的蓝色,就是生命的颜色。
(1)读完文章,用简洁的语言概括一下天空为什么是蓝色(2分)(1)____________________________(2)填人空缺处恰当的一组词语是(2分)________阳光看上去是白色的,________所有的颜色赤、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、(2)紫,在阳光里都存在。
[]a.尽管但是b.因为所以c.虽然但是d.如果那么(3)说说下面句中加粗的词语在句中的意思和作用。
(2分)(3)它截获太阳光中的黄色和橙色的部分,却几乎无阻拦地让蓝色的部分通过。
________________________________本文在说明的过程中多次提出问题,再一一解答,这样写有什么好处。
(2分)(4)________________________________本文主要用了什么说明方法,试举一例并说说有什么好处。
(2分)(5)________________________________臭氧层能导致黄昏的天空呈现深蓝色,你知道它还有什么作用吗?(3分)(6)________________________________(二)记叙文阅读(15分)写作徐学平的《母亲那碗腊八粥》一文,顺利完成第下面各题。
①儿时的记忆中,每当迈进了腊月的门槛,母亲便开始扳着手指数起日子来,念叨着:“快到腊八了,又该给你们熬腊八粥喝了……”②我大的时候,乡村还是比较贫穷的,粥堪称就是庄户人家的主食了。
那年头,稠粥就是不敢指望的,生活不充裕的家庭,因为不忍心多摆米,有时叶唇柱得能照出来人影儿。
只有富足点的人家,那粥才淡些,就是真正的大米粥,人们就生硬地看成“斜勺子不好像”了。
这粥,最好吃的当然还得数腊八粥,但除了过腊八节,奇怪的日子里更是难得喝上一顿的。
③据老辈人说,朱元璋小时候家里很穷,为了度日,便给一家财主放牛。
有一天放牛归来时牵牛走过一座独木桥,牛一滑跌下了桥,将腿摔断了。
老财主气急败坏,便把朱元璋关进一间房子里不给饭吃。
朱元璋饿得够呛,忽然发现屋里有一鼠洞,扒开一看,原来是老鼠的一个粮仓,里面有米、有豆,还有红枣。
他把这些东西合在一起煮了一锅粥,吃起来香甜可口。
后来朱元璋当了皇帝,过上了好日子,为了铭记当年被财主关进房子忍饥挨饿的痛苦经历,便叫御厨熬了一锅各种粮豆混在一起的粥。
吃的这一天正好是腊月初八,因此就叫“腊八粥”。
④传说故事在小孩子心中总是神奇的,因此,在清晰地记下了这个美好故事的同时,也记住了那年那月腊八粥的诱人甜香。
⑤每至腊月初八,母亲就可以早早下班煮腊八粥。
腊八粥的食材就是很多样的,除了可以采用豌豆、黄豆、红豆、绿豆、高粱等粮食作物之外,还可以重新加入青菜、茨菇、荸荠、红枣、白果等蔬菜和干果。
听到母亲说道,据“腊八”一词中的“八”字,通常在配料时都就是以凑足八样为宜,配搭可以随其各人偏好而的定。
⑥熬腊八粥是很费时的,但母亲却总是很有耐心。
她先将豆油在锅里烧热,再放进葱花和盐爆锅,然后逐步加入水和配料,待锅烧开后才会放点菜叶进去搅匀。
其中,花生米是母亲用菜刀在面板上挨个切成碎块的,喝着母亲的腊八粥,每当嚼到里面的花生米时,感觉那味道真是格外的香。
⑦当浓浓的香味在屋子里弥漫着开去,母亲便已经开始大喊我们下班。
腊月正是呵气成雾、滴水成冰的季节,每当从被窝里爬出来,浑身早已累得颤抖。
母亲把那香味扑鼻、色泽艳丽的腊八粥御膳房碗里时,我们兴奋的心情便再也按捺不住,可以袒露腮帮子偷吃小喝,因为粥划破难受,“吸吸溜溜”的声音响成一片。
每当烫至里面枯叶的花生米时,感觉那味道真是格外的香。
一家人你一碗我一碗,一边享用着香稠的美味,一边赞扬着母亲的厨艺。
母亲端的着碗趴在一边也不管我们,只用那充满了爱的目光凝视着我们。
待到额头上、鼻尖上沁出细密的汗珠时,那心窝里就别提有多温暖了!⑧冬去春来,物换星移,将近三十年的时光一晃而过。
如今,腊八粥也不再就是孩子们觊觎的美食了。
虽然现在城市粥店里腊八粥的用料已与以前大相径庭,什么桂圆、莲子、枸杞、蜜饯等既营养又保健,十分讲究,但我喝去却总深感吃不出当年的味道了。
(选文存有改动)1.第③段倒叙有关腊八粥的传说故事存有哪些促进作用?(3分后)2.赏析下边的语句。
(4分)(1)每当迈出了腊月的门槛,母亲便已经开始滚著手指数起至日子去,惦记着着:“慢至腊八了,又该给你们煮腊八粥喝了……”(2)她先将豆油在锅里烧热,再放进葱花和盐爆锅,然后逐步加入水和配料,待锅烧开后才会放点菜叶进去搅匀。
(请结合加点词赏析)3.与小时候的腊八粥较之,现在城市粥店里的腊八粥用料又多又不好,可以作者“总深感吃不出当年的味道了”,这就是什么原因呢?恳请详细分析。
(4分后)4.阅读下面的链接文字并结合选文回答问题。
(4分)【链接】小米、玉米糁儿、红豆、红薯、红枣、栗子熬的腊八粥,占到全系列了色、味、香,盛在碗里令人赏心悦目,不忍心喝。
可是喝出来却又没个这么,不愿卸下筷子。
(刘绍棠《本命年的回忆起》)选文划线句子和链接材料都写到了吃腊八粥的情景,两者有什么相同点和不同点?(三)名著写作(13分后)优秀的建筑师法布尔①居住在草地里的蟋蟀,几乎和蝉一样有名气,主要是因为它出色的歌唱才华和建筑才华,它的住所堪称别墅。
一位法国作家在一篇关于蟋蟀的寓言中写到:“我的小家庭很舒适,如果你想要快乐的生活,就隐居在这里面吧!”②在那些青青的草丛之中,暗藏着蟋蟀的住所。