(完整版)不定式、动名词、过去分词作定语的用法
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不定式作定语的用法不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。
一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如:chance(机会),way(方法),time(时间)等;另外,the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系;有的是动宾关系;有的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。
1、主谓关系的(1)We must find a person to do the work.(2) There is no one to take care of her.(3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up.(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。
注意:是及物动词的,后面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语;是不及物动词的,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语。
(1) He has a lot of books to read.(2) I would like a magazine to look at.(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.(4) Do you have anything else to say?(5) There is no one to take care of.(6) She has nothing to worry about.3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语,应多用介词短语。
不定式、-ing形式和过去分词作定语的比较一、不定式作定语不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词之后,表示一个将来的动作,即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。
多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词,表示“有…要…”或修饰“the+序数词”。
注意:不定式作定语,被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时,要加上适当的介词。
如:1.When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person________.A. to sendB. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to2.There are five pairs________,but I’m at a loss which to choose.A. to be chosenB. to choose fromC. to chooseD. for choosing4.Then there are always people to________ if you fell like a chat.A. talk toB. talkC. speak aboutD. speak二、分词作定语单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外),分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。
被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系,现在分词表示正在发生或与谓语同时发生;被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系,过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。
注意:现在分词的完成式通常只作状语,而不能作定语。
1.The flowers________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beaut y of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt2.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures___ _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to formB. formC. formingD. having formed4.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,________ as 3M.A. knowingB. knownC. being knownD. to be known5.The picture________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung6.The disc, digitally________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (上海卷)A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded7.The first textbooks________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written三、to be done, being done, done作定语的区别to be done表示将来,being done表示目前正在发生,done表示过去己经发生。
To do不定式:只能做后置定语Doing动名词:只能做前置定语Doing现在分词:自己的时候只能做前置定语;现在分词短语只能做后置定语Done过去分词:自己的时候只能做前置定语;过去分词短语只能做后置定语不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词之后,表示一个将来的动作。
如:They have three tickets to spare. 他们多三张票。
She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。
分词作定语,单个的放在所修饰的名词前(left 等除外),短语放在所修饰的名词后。
现在分词表示其动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生,过去分词表示其动作已经完成或没有时间性;在逻辑上被修饰的名词与现在分词是主谓关系,与过去分词是被动关系。
She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。
There are no places left to sit on the train. 火车上没有座位可坐了。
There is a gentleman asking to see you. 有一位先生要求见你。
注:现在分词的完成式通常只作状语,而不能作定语。
动名词作定语,只放在名词前,说明该名词的性能或用途,不表动作,被修饰的名词与-ing 形式在逻辑上没有主谓关系。
如:The doctor told me not to take sleeping pills. 医生叫我不要服安眠药。
to be done, being done, done 均可用作定语,且都表示被动意义,其区别在于:to be done 表示将来,being done 表示目前正在发生,done 表示过去已经发生。
如:The house to be built next year is a cinema. 明年建的那座房子是家电影院。
The house being built now is a cinema. 现在正在建的房子是家电影院。
非谓语动词的语法功能一、不定式的语法功能主语:To catch the train is impossible. 要赶上那趟火车是不可能的了。
宾语:They need to look at a map. 他们需要查看地图。
表语:My work is to clean the classroom. 我的工作是清洁教室。
定语:I have lots of work to do. 我有许多事要做。
状语:I’m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你了。
宾补:He told me to close the door. 他叫我去关门。
二、动名词的语法功能主语:Reading is a pleasure. 阅读是件快乐的事。
宾语:I enjoy reading. 我喜欢阅读。
表语:Her hobby is singing songs. 她爱好唱歌。
定语:He’s in the reading room. 他在阅览室。
三、现在分词的语法功能表语:The book is very interesting. 那本书很有趣。
定语:It’s an interesting book. 这是本有趣的书。
状语:He sat there, reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里看报。
宾补:I saw him standing there. 我看见他站在那里。
四、过去分词的语法功能表语:They were excited at the news. 听到这个消息非常激动。
定语:There’re few minutes left. 没几分钟剩下了。
状语:Seen from the hill, our school looks beautiful. 从山上看我校很美。
宾补:I saw him beaten by Tom. 我看见他被汤姆打了动名词6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语1)作主语Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。
不定式作定语的用法不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。
一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如:chance(机会),way(方法),time(时间)等;另外,the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系;有的是动宾关系;有的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。
1、主谓关系的(1)We must find a person to do the work.(2) There is no one to take care of her.(3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up.(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。
注意:是及物动词的,后面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语;是不及物动词的,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语。
(1)He has a lot of books to read.(2) I would like a magazine to look at.(3) Here is some advice for you to follow. (4) Do you have anything else to say?(5) There is no one to take care of.(6) She has nothing to worry about.3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语,应多用介词短语。
非谓语动词讲解高中非谓语动词是指在句子中作动词的用法,而不是表示谓语动作或状态的主要成分。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
在高中英语中,非谓语动词经常用于句子的修饰、独立主语和补语等的结构。
下面将对非谓语动词进行详细的讲解和提供相关的参考内容。
一、动词不定式(infinitive)动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,常用于句子中作主语、表语、宾语、状语和补足语等。
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+ 动词原形”,它具有名词、形容词和副词的特点。
1. 作主语- It's difficult to learn a new language.(学习一门新语言是困难的。
)2. 作宾语- I want to go to the movies.(我想去看电影。
)3. 作表语- Her dream is to become a doctor.(她的梦想是成为一名医生。
)4. 作状语- She studies hard to improve her grades.(她努力学习以提高自己的成绩。
)5. 作补语- He made me laugh.(他让我笑了。
)二、动名词(gerund)动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,常用于句子中作主语、宾语、表语和状语等。
动名词的基本形式是动词+ing形式,它具有名词的特点,可以在句子中起到名词的作用。
1. 作主语- Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是很好的运动。
)2. 作宾语- I enjoy reading novels.(我喜欢读小说。
)3. 作表语- His favorite activity is playing basketball.(他最喜欢的活动是打篮球。
)4. 作状语- She learned English by watching American movies.(她通过看美国电影学习英语。
)三、分词(participle)分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,常用于句子中作定语、状语和表语等。
非谓语动词的种类及用法讲解非谓语动词是指不具备人称和数的特征,不受时态和语态的限制,并且不能独立充当句子的谓语成分的动词形式。
它们可以用作主语、定语、状语、宾语等,起到丰富句子结构和表达方式的作用。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
本文将对这几种非谓语动词的种类及用法进行详细的讲解。
一、动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它具有虚拟性,不受人称和数的限制,常用作句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
下面分别来讲解它们的用法。
1. 作主语To learn a foreign language is beneficial to personal development.(学习一门外语对个人发展有益。
)2. 作宾语I want to buy a new car.(我想买一辆新车。
)3. 作表语Her dream is to become a doctor.(她的梦想是成为一名医生。
)4. 作定语I have a book to read.(我有一本书要读。
)5. 作状语He went to the library to study.(他去图书馆学习。
)二、动名词动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词的-ing形式构成。
它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等,但不能用作动词的宾补。
下面逐一介绍它们的用法。
1. 作主语Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是一项好运动。
)2. 作宾语I enjoy reading novels.(我喜欢读小说。
)3. 作表语His hobby is playing basketball.(他的爱好是打篮球。
)4. 作定语She bought a running shoe.(她买了一双跑步鞋。
)5. 作状语He broke his leg while skiing.(他在滑雪时摔断了腿。
非谓语动词的种类与用法解析不定式动名词分词等非谓语动词的种类与用法解析非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的成分,但不作谓语的动词形式。
主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
本文将对这几种非谓语动词的种类和用法进行详细解析。
一、不定式(Infinitive)不定式是动词的一种形式,在句中通常由“to + 动词原形”构成,也可以省略to,成为“动词原形”。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等,具有多样的用法。
1. 作主语:To learn a foreign language is important.学一门外语很重要。
2. 作宾语:He wants to buy a new car.他想要买一辆新车。
3. 作表语:Her dream is to become a doctor.她的梦想是成为一名医生。
The best way to improve your English is to practice every day.提高英语的最佳方法就是每天练习。
5. 作状语:He went to the library to study.他去图书馆学习。
二、动名词(Gerund)动名词是动词的一种形式,以-ing结尾,可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
1. 作主语:Swimming is my favorite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
2. 作宾语:She enjoys reading books.她喜欢读书。
3. 作表语:Her job is teaching English.她的工作是教英语。
I saw a girl running in the park.我看到一个在公园里跑步的女孩。
5. 作状语:He left the party early to avoid dancing with his ex-girlfriend.他为了避免与前女友跳舞,提前离开了派对。
三、分词(Participle)分词是动词的一种形式,通常以-ing或-ed结尾,可以作定语、状语等。
英语动词作定语的结构及其用法
1. 动词作定语的结构
在英语中,动词可以用作定语来修饰名词,常见的结构有:
- 现在分词作定语:例如,running shoes(跑鞋)
- 过去分词作定语:例如,written document(书面文件)
- 不定式作定语:例如,to-do list(待办事项清单)
- 动名词作定语:例如,swimming pool(游泳池)
2. 动词作定语的用法
动词作定语可以用来描述名词的特征、用途、来源等信息。
以下是一些常见的用法:
- 描述特征:例如,a broken window(破碎的窗户)
- 描述用途:例如,a writing desk(写字台)
- 描述来源:例如,a handmade card(手工制作的卡片)
3. 注意事项
- 动词作定语时,常常与被修饰的名词之间存在一定的逻辑关系,需要确保逻辑一致性。
- 在使用动词作定语时,需要注意时态和语态的正确运用,以
保持句子的语法准确性。
总结:
英语动词可以作为定语来修饰名词,常见结构包括现在分词、
过去分词、不定式和动名词。
动词作定语可以用来描述名词的特征、用途和来源等信息。
在使用动词作定语时,需要注意逻辑关系和时
态语态的运用。
英语非谓语动词:不定式,动名词和分词非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)(一)动词不定式动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,否定形式“not to +动词原形”。
1.用法(1)作主语。
往往用it作为形式主语。
如:It is time to get up.(2)作宾语。
如果带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。
如:I find it interesting to study English.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。
如:decide,plan,desire,hope,wish,promise,ask,agree, manage等。
(3)作宾语补足语A:带to的动词不定式有:ask,tell,want,teach,advise,allow,beg,invite等。
如:He asked me to do the work.B :接不带to的动词不定式有:see,watch,hear,make ,let等。
如:I often see him play football.使役动词不带to,动词有:一感二听三让四观看。
一感:feel 二听:hear, listen to 三让:let,have,make 四观看:observe,see,watch,look at注意:feel, hear,notice, see,watch,have,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变成被动结构时,要带to.如:I often hear him cry. He is often heard to cry.注意:带but介词的不定式。
如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么but后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。
另外,在can’t choose but...和can’t help but...等后面的不定式也省略to。
不定式作定语的用法不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。
一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如:chance(机会),way(方法),time(时间)等;另外,the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系;有的是动宾关系;有的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。
1、主谓关系的(1)We must find a person to do the work.(2) There is no one to take care of her.(3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up.(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。
注意:是及物动词的,后面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语;是不及物动词的,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语。
(1)He has a lot of books to read.(2) I would like a magazine to look at.(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.(4) Do you have anything else to say?(5) There is no one to take care of.(6) She has nothing to worry about.3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语,应多用介词短语。
由于被修饰词前没有介词,所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。
(1)Please give me some paper to write on.(2) Let’s find a room to put these things in(3)I have no house to live in.(4) He has no pen to write with.(5) There are five pairs to choose from.4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的,被修饰词多是些抽象名词。
(1)I have no time to go to the movie.(2)There’s no need to send for a doctor.(3) Where’s the best place to meet?(4) Is that the way to do it?(5)I’m not sure about his ability to complete the task alone.练习1.He has no friend _______(depend) on.2.He is not the kind of man (do) such things.3.I have a lot of work (finish) today.4.There is a good rule ( go ) by.5.Thank you for giving me the chance (make) the speech.6.She is always the first ( answer ) questions.7.Can you find a proper person ( finish) this job in time动词的-ing形式做定语动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。
如:1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。
2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。
3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。
如:1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即:1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。
如:1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
2.He may be in the reading room,for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。
dies and gentlemen,please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。
2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。
如:1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?练习:1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school,most _____ were from Germany.A.study;of whomB.study;of themC.studying;of themD.studying;of whom4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussingB.to discussC.been discussedD.being discussed5.China is a_____country______to the third world.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6.---Who is the man______to the teacher?---A model worker_____our school.A.talks,visitsB.is talking;is visitingC.talking;visitingD.talking;visited7.The flowers_____sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smellB.smellingC.smeltD.to be smelt8. There are a few boys (swim) in the river.9. There is a car ( wait ) outside.10 .People (wait) for the bus often sheltered in my doorway.11. The boy (sit)behind me is my brother.12. The girl (swim) in the pool is my daughter过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况.1、前置定语单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义.a) 被动意义:an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料.b):完成意义:a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶.2、后置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句.如:This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written). 这将是这类小说中写得最好的.The people caught =(who was caught)by the police was a thief. 被警察抓获的那个人是个贼练习:1.-----Who would you like to see at the moment?------ The man_____ John.A. called himB. we call him C calling D. called2. The _____ glass cup was ______ by John.A. breaking; brokenB. breaking; breakingC. broken, brokenD. broken; breaking3.English is different from English in many ways.A. Spoken, writtenB. Speaking, writtenC. Spoken, writingD. Speak, write4. Prices of goods, through a computer, can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay6. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down7. With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.A. falling; buryingB. fallen; buriedC. fallen; buryingD. falling; buried8. She asked if there was anything _______ for tonight.A. to planB. plannedC. that plansD. planning9. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt10. He felt very ______after finishing his work.A excitedB excitingC exciteD badly。