台湾英语谢孟媛中级文法讲义新版

实用标准初级英文文法ⅠUnit 1 名词、冠词---------------------11.名词的种类2.名词的数3.名词的所有格4.冠词Unit 2 be 动词、一般动词的现在式--------------------31.be动词的现在式-am、are、is2.一般动词的现在式3.一般动词的否定句Unit 3 be动词、一般动词的过去式--------------------------51.be动词的过去式2.be动词(过去式)的否定句3.be动词(过去式)的疑问句4.一般动词的过去式5.一般动词(过去式)的否定句6.一般动词(过去式)的疑问句Unit 4 代名词------------------------71.人称代名词2.所有代名词3.反身代名词4.指示代名词5.不定代名词Unit 5 时态--------------------121.现代简单式2.过去简单式3.现在进行式4.过去进行式5.未来式Unit 6 WH问句、祈使句、感叹句-------------------151.WH问句2.祈使句3.感叹句Unit 1 名词、冠词名词，用来表示人或事物、动物，能做为主语、补语、受词。

其中可计数的，称为可数名词；不可计数的，称为不可数名词。

1. 名词的种类表示具有一定形状的个体，为可数名词，有单数/复数之分。

例：book(书)、pencil(铅笔)、dog(狗)、spaceship(太空船)等。

表示一个单位的群体，或者表示被视做整体的人、事、物的集合体。

例：class(班级；班上的同学)、family(家庭；家人)、audience(听众)等。

例 1. My family is large. 我家是一个大家庭。

2. My family are all early risers. 我的家人都起得早。

如人名、地名等，用来表示其一特定的名称。

无冠词，第一个字母须大写。

例：Bob(鲍伯)、Smith(史密斯)、April(四月)、London(伦敦)……等。

〈第08卷〉特别注意的不定词用法、不定词的惯用表现十、特别要注意的不定词用法代不定词1.You don’t have to eat it if you don’t want to (eat it).翻译：如果你不想吃这个东西，你可以不必吃。

后面的eat it 和if 前面的重复的时候，不定词只保留to 省略动词原形，记得to 一定要保留。

2.A: How about coming to our house ?B: I’d like to (go/come to your house) if I won’t be any trouble. 翻译：A：来我们家吧。

B：如果不打扰的话我很乐意。

about 是个介系词，介系词后面只能跟名词，动词变成Ving 的时候就肯定是动名词，不会像不定词有三种词性。

不定词to 后面的动词省略，但是to 一定要保留，用go 还是come 根据说话者的位置而定。

分离不定词to 副词 VR ，中间插入了一个副词。

1.I wish to utterly forget my past.I wish to forget my past.I wish to forget my past utterly.翻译：我希望(完全地)忘记我的过去。

强调后面的动词时可以用副词adverb ，动词是verb ，副词就是修饰动词的。

2.She made up her mind never to return.否定不定词：not to VR如果表示否定的副词不能放在to 和VR 之间，要放在前面。

She decided never to return.翻译：她下定决心绝不回去。

She made up her mind not to return.翻译：她下决心不回去。

从上面可以看出，never 的语气要比not 强。

独立不定词自己就有独立的意思，可以放在整个句子的中间、前面或后面，常会看到有逗号隔开，不会影响主要子句意思。

<谢孟媛中级文法(1—120课)目录、学习笔记第一章不定词（1-8）第一节：名词用法第二节：形容词用法第三节：副词用法第四节：S+V+O+to V第五节：S+V+O+原形不定词第六节：S+V+it+C+to不定词第七节：seem (happen…等)+to不定词第八节：be+不定词第九节：不定词的被动态，进行式，完成式不定词第十节：特別注意的不定词用法第十一节：不定词的惯用表現第二章动名词（9-13）第一节：动名词的用法第二节：用不定词／动名词当受词第三节：动词意义上的主词第四节：动名词的否定形，被动态，完成形第五节：含动名词的惯用表现第三章假設語氣（14-17）第一节：假設法現在式第二节：假設法過去完成式第三节：假設法未來式第四节：其他假設法的表現第五节：代替if子句的用法第四章否定（18-20）第一节：否定字的表現第二节：部分否定第三节：双重否定第四节：否定的慣用表現第五节：不用否定字的否定表現第五章句子的要素及种类（21-25）第一节：词类第二节：片語及子句第三节：句子的要素第四节：句子的种类第六章五大句型（26-32）第一节： S+V第二节：S+V+ C第三节：S+V+O第四节：S+V+O+O第五节：S+V+O+C第七章比较（33-37）第一节：比较变化第二节：原级第三节：比较级第四节：最高级第八章疑问（38-40）第一节：疑问代名词第二节：疑问副词第三节：疑问形容词第四节：間接问句第五节：附加问句第六节：修辭疑问句第七节：應答疑问句第八节：敘述句型的疑问句第九章名词及冠词（41-47）第一节：名词第二节：名词的複數形第三节：名词的所有格第四节：冠词第五节：定冠词的用法第六节：冠词特別注意的用法第十章介系词（48-53）第一节：介系词的受词第二节：介系词的位置第三节：群体介系词第四节：双重介系词第五节：常見的介系词用法第六节：和形容词，动词結合的介系词第十一章关系词（54-60）第一节：关系代名词的种类和格第二节：关系代名词的用法第三节：限定用法和非限定用法第四节：关系副词第五节：复合关系词第六节：关系形容词及as, but, than 第十二章形容词、副词（61-68）第一节：形容词第二节：副词第十三章分词（69-74）第一节：修饰名词的现在分词第二节：修饰名词的过去分词第三节：S+V+C(分词)第四节：S+V+O+C(分词)第五节：分词构句第六节：分词构句的被动態，完成形，否定形第七节：独立分词构句第八节：with+(代)名词+分词第九节：分词构句的惯用表現第十四章被动语态（75-80）第一节：主被动语态转换第二节： (SVOO)的被动语态第三节： (SVOC)的被动语态第四节“疑问句被动语态第五节：祈使句的被动语态第六节：Say, believe, expect, know, think,consider等的被动语态第七节：特別注意的被动语态第十五章助动词（81-85）第一节：助动词的特徵第二节：助动词的用法第三节：含助动词的慣用表現第十六章特殊构句（86-91）第一节：倒装第二节：强调第三节：省略第四节：插入第五节：同位語第十七章代名词（92-100）第一节：人稱代名词第二节：指示代名词第三节：不定代名词第十八章时态（101-107）第一节：現在式第二节：過去式第三节：未來式第四节：現在进行式第五节：過去进行式第六节：未來进行式第七节：現在完成式第八节：過去完成式第九节：未來完成式第十节：完成进行式第十九章时态的一致與敘述法（108-113）第一节：时态的一致第二节：敘述法第二十章连接词（114-120）第一节：对等连接词第二节：从属连接词(1)第三节：各种从属连接词(副词子句)的意义不定词〈第01卷〉名词用法(1)不定词的用法名词用法形容词用法副词用法不定词无非就是比较长的名词、形容词、副词而已，因为它有两个字。

代名词92-99代名词的种类1.人称代名词I, you2.指示代名词this, that数量))代名词some, anyone不定((数量3.不定4.疑问代名词who, what5.关系代名词who, which一、人称代名词1)2)人称代名词的顺序1.You and I had better start at once.遇到不好的事端,,可先说I2.I and Bob were arrested for speeding. 遇到不好的事端3)we, you, they的特殊用法1.We should try to learn from our mistakes. 包含说话者本身听者2.You can’t get a driver’s license till you’eighteen.re eighteen. 听者不包含说话者和听者, , 据说3.They say that she will marry. 不包含说话者和听者注意We live on rice in Taiwan. 台湾人说我们以米食为生You live on rice in Taiwan. 你们台湾人以米食为生They live on rice in Taiwan. 他们台湾人以米食为生People live on rice in Taiwan. 通用4) it 的用法a. 表 时间时间, , 天气天气, , 距离距离, , 天色情况 等1. My brother has been married for three years.>It >It has been three years since my brother got married. married. 时间时间>It is three years since my brother got married. 表一种事实is2. The weather gets hot and humid in summer>It gets hot and humid in summer. 天气3. It is about two kilometers to the town from here / from here to the town. 距离4. It gets dark early at this time of the year. 老天爷5. How is it going at school? 事情进行的如何在学校事情进行的如何在学校6. How do you like here?here 为副词 How do you like it here?I like it (here) very much.How do you like it?What do you like?b. 形式主词it1. It is important to keep a promise.2. It is not easy to get out of a bad habit.3. It is no use crying over spilt milk.4. It is important that you obey the rules.5. It makes no difference how you do it. 你怎么做都没有差别c. 形式受词1. Air tank make i t it possible for divers to breathe underwater.2. I found (that) it was surprising that she didn ’t know who Michael Jordan was.I found it surprising that she didn ’t know who Michael Jordan was.find, think, consider, believe, make + it + O.C.(受词补语受词补语) ) + that 子句d. It be ~ that ~ 的强调句 (参照特殊构句部分参照特殊构句部分) )e. 其他重要表现1. It It cost cost thirty dollars to fix the computer. cost只能花钱 2. It It takes takes two hours to get to the airport. take只能花时间 3. I take it for granted that they got divorced. 视~为理所当然5) 所有代名词所有代名词所有代名词==所有格所有格++名词my>minehis>hisher>hersits>its(1) 一般用法1. My cost is brown, and his is black.2. Your bike is so different from mine .(2) 双重所有格由于 a, this, that, some, her, his 等不可同时出现故用 a, this, that, some 等 + 名词 + of + 所有代名词her a book > a book of hers (a book of her books)1.I happened to meet a friend of mine/one of my friends at the station.that charming smile of hers. 更强调是某人的2.I really like t hatI really like her charming smile.(3)惯用表现1.Yours sincerely (truly, faithfully).敬上2.With best wishes to you and yours.竭诚祝福你和你的家人6)反身代名词(1)yourself to your new surroundings.1.You should accustom y ourself2.I have never been to Paris myself, but I hear it's nice.myself have never been to Paris, but I hear it's niceI I myself3.Lisa's mom looked at her in the mirror. Lisa妈看LisaLisa's mom looked at herself in the mirror. Lisa妈看自己(2)惯用表现1.Help yourself to(prep.) the food. 自行取用食物2.Take care of yourself.Take care.3.Please make yourself at home. 请不要拘束Take it easy. 放松4.I couldn’t make myself understood in English.5. Did you tie yours shoelaces by yourself / alone?6. Look up the word in the dictionary for yourself?look up the word in the dictionary / consult the dictionary for the word注意talk to oneselfdress oneselfbehave oneselfenjoy oneselfhurt oneselfintroduce oneselfoneself seat oneself 坐下坐下oneself beside oneself 忘形忘形come to oneself 恢复知觉垦丁垦丁, , 台湾地名1. Please allow me to introduce myself .2. She was beside herself with joy. 他高兴得忘了形beside 为介系词为介系词, , 不可置于名词后3. He soon came to himself.二、 指示代名词1) this (these), that(those)a. 一般用法1. This is my son, and that is my daughter.2. This is not the dessert I ordered.3. Lots of people go abroad these days . 最近b. 电话用语1. — Who is this/it, please?— This is David (speaking).You have a wrong number. 你打错了c. this this, this 表前述句子表前述句子1. To be or not to be — that is the question.生或死生或死? ? 那是问题所在2. We have the right to express our opinions freely. That is called freedom of speech. 言论自由 d. this 指后续的句子1. I'll just say this — you should follow your father's advice.2. He told me to call her — this I did at once.e. this (these)表[后者后者], ], that(those)表[前者前者] ]1. Work and play are both necessary to health; this gives us rest and that gives us energy.先提到的远先提到的远(that)(that)(that)前者前者前者, , 后提到的近后提到的近(this)>(this)>(this)>后者后者2. Tobacco and alcohol are both injurious; but this / the latter is less injurious than that / the former. f. that(those)that(those)可避免名词重复可避免名词重复可避免名词重复, , 无this1. Our climate (in our country) is milder than that (the climate) of India.代替名词one=a/an+Nit=the+NN+N+修饰语修饰语修饰语=that =that2. Smokers’Smokers’ lungs are more likely to get cancer than those of nonsmokers.g. this/that 的惯用法1. She went to this doctor doctor and and that . 她四处求医2. We talk about t his this and that. 各种各样的东西We talk about t his, this, that and the other. 3. At this , she stood up. 听到这个听到这个听到这个,,她就站了起来 4. With this , he left the room. 这样说着就；说完这个就5. He yawned, and that very often.6. It’It’s s an idea; and a good one at that . . 而且7. He told me about his trip and what he bought and all that . 诸如此类8. He kissed her and with that / and then he left. 于是；然后就h. that this, that可当副词可当副词可当副词, , 用以加强语气1. This fish I caught was this big.2. I did n’n’t t you were t hat that tired.2) soa. 当动作的受词1. He told me to wait in line and I did so .2. — Do you think it will be sunny tomorrow?— I hope so . / I hope not.b. 当补语1. Is that so? 是那样吗是那样吗? ?2. Do you still feel sick? If so(sick), you must see the doctor.You make me sick. 你使我恶心你使我恶心c. 当程度副词1. Don Don’’t talk so fast.2. I often donate money to charity, and so does my wife .. The greatest gift we have is our health, and so it is.d. 惯用表现1. They sell apples, oranges, bananas, and so on .. 2. — It ’s risky.— May be. But even so , I have to do it. 即使如此3. He stayed here a year or so . 大约3) sucha. such+(a)+(such+(a)+(形容词形容词形容词)+)+)+名词名词1. I don ’t know such a man . 这样的人2. I have never heard such nonsense in all my life. 这样荒谬的话b. few all(any, few等等)+such+)+such+名词名词1. Have you tasted a ny any such food before? before? 任何这样的食物任何这样的食物2. I like lions, tigers and some such wild animals . . 一些这类的野兽c. 惯用表现1. I visited several European countries, such as / like France, Italy and Switzerland.For example / instance +子句子句 2. I have never read books such as he mentioned .. 注意I don ’t like such fish as an eel. 我不喜欢鳗鱼之类的鱼3. He is a gentleman and must be treated as such . 以对待绅士的方式待他4. My income, such as it is , supports my family. 尽管不怎么好尽管不怎么好such as they are复数时 5. The news gave her such a shock (that) (that) she nearly fainted.such 有形容词的特性, so 有副词的特性4) samea. 一般用法一般用法((当代名词当代名词, , 形容词形容词) )1. I said it was a good buy and she said the same / so.2. I I don’t don’t don’t like to havethe same food every day. b. the same ~ as + 名词名词//子句the same ~ that + 子句1. I want the same shoes as yours.2. He is the same man that I saw yesterday.He is the same man as I saw yesterday.same the same 只能用只能用thatc. 惯用表现1. His opinion about his plan is much the same as yours. yours. 几乎一模一样几乎一模一样His opinion about his plan is very different from yours.2. He is rude, but I like him all the same . . 仍然3. It It’’s s all all the same to me. me. 对…说来都一样；无所谓对…说来都一样；无所谓It It makes makes no difference to me. me. 对…说来都一样；无所谓对…说来都一样；无所谓4. — Happy New Year.— (The) same to you.5. You may go today or tomorrow; it comes to the same thing . 反正结果都一样三、不定代名词不定代名词((表示表示不特定不特定的人或物的人或物, , 或不定数量的代名词的代名词) )1) onea. one=a/an+one=a/an+单数名词单数名词 无限定无限定((同类物品同类物品) )the+the+名词名词名词=it =it 有限定有限定((同一件物品同一件物品) )1. I’d I’d like to borrowa hammer if you have one . 2. Did you bring the textbook ?No, I didn ’t bring it .b. 加修饰语1. I lost my umbrella yesterday; I must buy a new one .2. These boots have worn out. I need to buy some new ones . 复数3. I like that picture — I mean the third one from the left.4. The guitar is similar to the one I have.注意one 不可代替不可数名词He likes white wine better than red (wine). c. 惯用表现1. She is nurse and mother (all) in one to the orphans.2. They left by/in ones and twos . 三三两两3. They came, o ne one and all , to welcome him. 全都；人人全都；人人4. The teacher interviewed the students one by one .5. I, I, for for one , do not agree. 就我个人来说就我个人来说2) both / alla. both 两者两者, all , all三者上三者上1. Both of my parents are happy about the result.Both of my parents are not happy about the result. 部分否定部分否定, , 并非两者都Neither (None) of my parents are not happy about the result. 全部否定2. All (the) villagers knew of the accident. 形容词All of the villagers knew of the accident. 代名词The villagers all knew of the accident. 同位格同位格know sth.亲眼所见亲眼所见 know about/of sth. 道听途说b. + All + 单数名词单数名词 > 表全体1. It rained a ll all afternoon .2. All the town / the whole town was destroyed.3. They jogged all the way .. c. All+All+抽象名词抽象名词抽象名词//身体部位的复数1. The lady was a ll all smiles . 这位女士满脸笑容2. She was all ears . . 她专注地听3. His fingers are a ll all thumbs . 满手都是大拇指（笨手笨脚）d. All 的惯用表现1. There are 700 boys and girls in all. 总共，合计总共，合计. .2. He ate the meat, bone and all . . 连…一齐都他把肉连同骨头都吃光光3. We have all but / almost finished the work. 几乎，差一点注意at allall above all 尤其是尤其是first of all 首先for all I know 就我所知all at once (all of a sudden) 突然all for all 尽管尽管1. The dress does n ot not suit her a t at all.2. Did you fallow/take the doctor’s advice at all ?? 3. If you learn English at all , learn it well.4. For all / i n in spite ofher efforts, she failed.3) some / anya. 表示表示[[一些一些] ]肯定句 some否定句否定句,,疑问句疑问句,,条件句 any1. I need s ome some coins. Have you gotany ? 2. Please lend me s ome some money if you haveany . b. some 表[某个某个] ]any 表[任何一个任何一个~~都~]1. How about having dinner at some good restaurant? restaurant 单数单数2. Any of the magazines will do.c. Some 用于疑问句表示邀请或请求的疑问句或当说话希望得到肯定的答案时1. Would you like s ome some coffee?2. If you eat some cabbage, I’I’ll ll take you to the park.d. some 与any 的副词用法some 大约any 一点点一点点[[也]…1. Some forty people were present at the party. 大约四十人2. I can ’t run a ny any faster.I can ’t wait a ny any longer.3. It It’’s not a ny any big for you.e. 惯用表现1. I hope to visit London some day .day some day 未来式未来式 day one day 过去式过去式过去式;;未来式2. Let Let’’s discuss itsome other day . 改天 3. We We’’ll call on himin any case . 无论如何 call on+人 call at+地4. He was determined to finish the work at any lost. 不惜一切代价5. Correct mistakes, if any . . 若有的话6. There is little water, if any. 即使有即使有水即使有水,,也很少4) other / anthera. 一般用法1. I don ’t like this one; please show me the other . 只有两个I don ’t like this one; please show me another . 不止两个2. Would you like a nother another piece of pie?b.用于列举1.I have two sisters: one is married and the other i s is not.2.I have three sisters: one is sociable, but the others are too shy.注意数量为三时one-another-and the other数量为四时one-another-another-and the other数量为某时one-the second-the third-...-and the lastI have three young friends: one is eight years old, another is ten, and the other i s is twelve.3.Some of the club members came on time, but the others were all late.4.Some people are good at dancing, and others aren’t.5.She hung her raincoat on one hook and her umbrella on another.注意未列举完可数; ; 不可数some~, and some~ 可数some~, and others~ 可数列举完some~, and the rest~ 可数可数; ; 不可数可数可数some~, and the others~ 可数c.惯用表现1. I have a black cat and a white one: the one / the former likes to play, and the other / t he the lattersleeps most of the day. 前者前者~, ~, 后者后者~ ~2. To know is one thing, and to teach is quite another .知道是一回事知道是一回事, , 而教又是另一件事To say is one thing, and to do is quite another .3. They shouted at e ach each other. 4. We introduced one another at the welcoming party.5. The restaurant served dishes one after another . . 陆续dishes 菜肴；餐具6. The The two two girls rowed the boatone after the other . 两个轮流 7. On (the) one hand we look for excitement, but on the other (hand), we look for peace in mind.我们一方面寻求刺激我们一方面寻求刺激, , 另一方面寻求心灵平静5) each / everya.every each, every强调个体强调个体强调个体, , +单数名词+单数动词 1. On On each s ide side of the street there were policemen. 只有只有二二用each2. These hats cost 10 dollars each . 副词, 不可用every3. There are two books in his bag and each book is carefully wrapped in colorful paper.4. Every student has h is his favorite subject. 不知性别用his5. Every dog and (every) cat has his likes and dislikes.b. every+every+抽象名词抽象名词 (一切的一切的~) ~)1. I have e very every reason to believe it. 充分理由充分理由2. She showed me every kindness .她尽其所能地对我非常亲切c. 每隔每隔~ ~1. The Olympics a re are held e very every four years . . 每四年The Olympics a re are held e very every fourth year . . 每一个第四年每四年每四年,,每隔三年 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 20032004 2. I come here e very every other week. 不用second 用other I come here e very every two weeks .. 每两周每两周,,每隔一周6) either / neithera. 皆用皆用单数单数形neither 是一个否定字 not+either>neither 不可和not 同时出现1. Either of the t wo two answers will do. 代名词性代名词性Any of the three answers will do.2. I can write with either hand. 形容词性不可用both我两手都能写字3. I do n’t like either of the man. 两个都不喜欢两个都不喜欢两个都不喜欢. . I like neither of the man. 两个都不喜欢两个都不喜欢. .4. We passed two gas stations, but neither of them w as was open. open. 两家都没开两家都没开5. Neither of the title s is suitable for the essay. 两个都不适合b. either / neither 也不1. Bill didn ’t come to the party, and Jack didn ’t, either .Bill didn ’t come to the party, and neither did Jack .Bill came to the party, and Jack did, too.Bill came to the party, and so did Jack.2. If you do not go, neither will I.If you do not go, I won ’t, either.7) no / nonea. + no + 单数名词单数名词单数名词//复数名词1. He has no money.He doesn ’t have any money.not any = no2. The policeman arrived in no time. 立刻重点not 表示表示[[不~] ; no 表示表示表示[[绝非绝非~] ~]no = not a1. He is not musician. a musician. 他不是音乐家他不是音乐家2. I am no thief. thief. 我绝不是小偷我绝不是小偷I am by no means a thief.b. none(none(无一无一无一) + ) + 单数名词单数名词单数名词//复数名词1. None of us agree/agrees with you.2. None of us were/was against the proposal.against 介词 3. None of the information is useful. 不可用information are, information不可数不可数4. (It (It’’s) none of your business. 这不关你事8) somebody~ / something~a. somebody +形容词1. Will Will somebody somebody else be present?+ other + 名词名词else: 疑问词疑问词+else +else (what else, who else,…) somebody, everything,…+else b. 所有格 ~body ~body’’s1. Everybody Everybody’’s business is nobody’s business. 众人之事就是无人之事众人之事就是无人之事, , 三个和尚没水喝c. 特殊表现1. He thinks he is somebody .他自以为是个他自以为是个了不起的人物了不起的人物2. If you want to be anybody , you must hard.如果想要成为如果想要成为大人物大人物, 你必须努力工作d. 惯用表现1. He is a lawyer or something . 律师之类诸 如此类的什么Are you crazy or something?2. He would not go with me for anything . 无论如何（用于否定句中）3. Peter is n ’t called a playboy for nothing . He had o ne one girlfriend after another. 不是没有道理不是没有道理>>有道理Peter 被称为花花公子是有道理的4. He He did did nothing but laugh. laugh. 他一味地笑他一味地笑5. I I had had nothing to do withthe accident. 与…无关 I I had had much/little to do with the accident. 与……有很大与……有很大//一点点关系6.He is nothing but a fool. 只是个傻瓜罢了。

谢孟媛初级文法讲义（1-30课）谢孟媛英文初级文法第1集笔记名词的功用。

当主语，补语，受词1. 名词的种类单数/复数普通名词 book pencil. dog. Spaceship宇宙飞船、例如 I like dogs。

我喜欢狗。

集合名词 class, family, audience 听众。

例如 1. My family is large. 我家是一个大家庭。

2.My family are all early risers 起早的人。

我家人都起的很早.专用名词。

------ Bob, Smith, April, London. 专用名词前不能加冠词、后面不加S。

下面的专用名词需要加上定冠词。

例如 The united states . 美国 The united Nations .联合国。

物质名词---glass glasses wood woods paper newspaper butter fruitmeat sugar air gas water数字＋容器（度量衡）＋ of ＋物质名词例如 a loaf of bread 一片面包。

Loaves of bread 很多面包a cup of coffee. 一杯咖啡。

Two cups of coffee.a sheet of paper. 一张纸。

Sheep(绵羊) Two sheets of paper. 两张纸a spoonful of sugar 一勺糖。

a kind of fish 一种鱼抽象名词-------beauty美丽 honesty诚实 love爱 live居住 life(生活) patience 耐心happy幸福的 happiness 幸福 music 音乐。

2. 名词的数-------个数1单数/ 个数2 以上是复数（七种变化）1、例如 dog---dogs book ---books girl ---- girls2、名词字尾为 s. sh. ch .x. o----＋ es 如 classes buses dishes benches boxes注意名词字尾为字音＋ O 复数名词＋es 如tomato---tomatoes也有例外的如 photo---- photos phone(电话) Piano----pianos3、名词字尾为＋y 的复数名词要去y ＋ ies如 baby-babies ｂoy(男孩) cowboy（牛仔） story（小说）---stories city---cities lady----ladies4、名词字尾为f 或fe 去 f/fe ＋ ves如 leaf叶------ leaves knife—knives wife---- wives也有例外。

谢孟媛中级文法(1—120课)目录、学习笔记第一章不定词（1-8）第一节：名词用法第二节：形容词用法第三节：副词用法第四节：S+V+O+to V第五节：S+V+O+原形不定词第六节：S+V+it+C+to不定词第七节：seem (happen…等)+to不定词第八节：be+不定词第九节：不定词的被动态，进行式，完成式不定词第十节：特别注意的不定词用法第十一节：不定词的惯用表现第二章动名词（9-13）第一节：动名词的用法第二节：用不定词／动名词当受词第三节：动词意义上的主词第四节：动名词的否定形，被动态，完成形第五节：含动名词的惯用表现第三章假设语气（14-17）第一节：假设法现在式第二节：假设法过去完成式第三节：假设法未来式第四节：其他假设法的表现第五节：代替if子句的用法第四章否定（18-20）第一节：否定字的表现第二节：部分否定第三节：双重否定第四节：否定的惯用表现第五节：不用否定字的否定表现第五章句子的要素及种类（21-25）第一节：词类第二节：词组及子句第三节：句子的要素第四节：句子的种类第六章五大句型（26-32）第一节： S+V第二节：S+V+ C第三节：S+V+O第四节：S+V+O+O第五节：S+V+O+C第七章比较（33-37）第一节：比较变化第二节：原级第三节：比较级第四节：最高级第八章疑问（38-40）第一节：疑问代名词第二节：疑问副词第三节：疑问形容词第四节：间接问句第五节：附加问句第六节：修辞疑问句第七节：应答疑问句第八节：叙述句型的疑问句第九章名词及冠词（41-47）第一节：名词第二节：名词的复数形第三节：名词的所有格第四节：冠词第五节：定冠词的用法第六节：冠词特别注意的用法第十章介系词（48-53）第一节：介系词的受词第二节：介系词的位置第三节：群体介系词第四节：双重介系词第五节：常见的介系词用法第六节：和形容词，动词结合的介系词第十一章关系词（54-60）第一节：关系代名词的种类和格第二节：关系代名词的用法第三节：限定用法和非限定用法第四节：关系副词第五节：复合关系词第六节：关系形容词及as, but, than 第十二章形容词、副词（61-68）第一节：形容词第二节：副词第十三章分词（69-74）第一节：修饰名词的现在分词第二节：修饰名词的过去分词第三节：S+V+C(分词)第四节：S+V+O+C(分词)第五节：分词构句第六节：分词构句的被动态，完成形，否定形第七节：独立分词构句第八节：with+(代)名词+分词第九节：分词构句的惯用表现第十四章被动语态（75-80）第一节：主被动语态转换第二节： (SVOO)的被动语态第三节： (SVOC)的被动语态第四节“疑问句被动语态第五节：祈使句的被动语态第六节：Say, believe, expect, know, think,consider等的被动语态第七节：特别注意的被动语态第十五章助动词（81-85）第一节：助动词的特征第二节：助动词的用法第三节：含助动词的惯用表现第十六章特殊构句（86-91）第一节：倒装第二节：强调第三节：省略第四节：插入第五节：同位语第十七章代名词（92-100）第一节：人称代名词第二节：指示代名词第三节：不定代名词第十八章时态（101-107）第一节：现在式第二节：过去式第三节：未来式第四节：现在进行式第五节：过去进行式第六节：未来进行式第七节：现在完成式第八节：过去完成式第九节：未来完成式第十节：完成进行式第十九章时态的一致与叙述法（108-113）第一节：时态的一致第二节：叙述法第二十章连接词（114-120）第一节：对等连接词第二节：从属连接词(1) 第三节：各种从属连接词(副词子句)的意义不定词〈第01卷〉名词用法(1)不定词的用法名词用法形容词用法副词用法不定词无非就是比较长的名词、形容词、副词而已，因为它有两个字。

谢孟媛中级文法(分词)(总6页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--分词(69-74)分词分词是动词和形容词的混合一.修饰名词的现在分词现在分词+名词1. A drowning man will catch at a straw. 此时表进行2.I saw a lot of falling stars last night. 此时表主动名词+现在分词1.I know the girl talking to the teacher.I know the girl who is talking to the teacher.2.The woman waving from the window is my mom.The woman who is waving from the window is my mom.重点现在分词伴随着受词,补语,或副词也可作形容词使用a heartbreaking storya hardworking mana man-eating tigera healthy-looking manan English-speaking people 名族,可数a life-saving machine重点形容词化的现在分词(已经是形容词了)an exciting gamean interesting performancean amusing jokea charming ladya promising boy 有前途的男孩重点有些现在分词放在形容词前,可当副词使用,用以加强形容词的程度freezing colda burning red dress 火红的洋装boiling hot 酷热scorching hot 酷热dripping wet湿淋淋的二.修饰名词的过去分词过去分词+名词1. A broken bottle lay on the floor.2.The tired worker took a rest.名词+过去分词1.Shirts made of silk are rather expensive.Shirts which are made of silk are rather expensive.2.We keep a dog named/called Snoopy.We keep a dog which was/is named/called Snoopy.重点形容词化的过去分词1.He was/looked surprised at the news.The news was surprising to him.2.I am very satisfied with the result.3.How pleased she will be to see you!4.How learned he is. 博学重点和形容词相同,the+现在分词/过去分词,可当名词,表一类人the dying (those who are dying) 垂死的人the killed and the wounded (those who were killed and wounded) 死伤者注意此三者视为单数the accused 被告the deceased 死者the unexpected 不可预期的事重点现在分词或过去分词当形容词代表的意思不同A.不及物动词的现在分词>表进行不及物动词的现在分词>表完成1.falling leaves (leaves which are falling)fallen leaves (leaves which have fallen)2.boiling water (water which is boiling)boiled water (water which have boiled)B.及物动词的现在分词>表主动>令人~的及物动词的现在分词>表被动>感到~的1. a refreshing breeze 清爽的微风feel refreshed感到清爽2.a frightening scene 令人恐惧的画面a frightened child 感到恐惧的小孩3.a disappointing mattera disappoint look 感到失望的表情三.S+V+C(分词)现在分词可作go, come, keep, lie躺, sit, stand, walk等动词之后主词补语,用以表示伴随着的动作1.The children came running to meet their parents.2.We stood looking at the monkeys.过去分词可放在appear, seem, look, become, feel, get变得, sit, lie, remain等后,用以表示动作所产生的结果1.The house appeared/looked/seemed deserted.2.She sat surrounded by her grandchildren.四.S+V+O+C(分词)现在分词可作感官动词look at, see等和keep, leave(让~保持~), set设定, start, catch, find等动词后的受词补语1.He left the engine running.He let his daughter watch TV. Let是语气轻的使役动词,有允许之意2.We heard the rain beating against the window.用beat表纯粹陈述一件事情用beating表那时候正在3.The smoke started her coughing.Start sb. Ving 使某人开始~过去分词可作为感官动词及let, like, make, want, would like, wish等动词后的受词补语1.I couldn’t make myself understood in English. 我无法用英文表达我的意思I couldn’t make myself understand English.2.I would like this work finished by noon.重点have+O+现在分词1.表允许>用于否定句I can’t have the children playing in my room. 我允许小朋友玩,表达一种状态I had the children play in my room. 我叫小朋友玩2.表[使~;让~]She had the children laughing again. 她让小朋友又笑了起来,表达一种状态She had the children laugh. 她让小朋友笑have+O+过去分词1.表[使得~]>使役I had my hair cut yesterday.2.表[被~]>有被害之意I had my money stolen.五.分词构句A.分词构句的形成原则上,主要子句与分词构句主词一致1.When I opened the door, I heard a strange sound.Opening the door, I heard a strange sound.主次相同,省略; 连接词视情况省略2.As I was ill, I couldn’t go to school.Being ill, I couldn’t go to school.B.分词构句的含义a.表时间意指when, while等1.Seeing the accident, she began to cry.When she saw the accident, she began to cry.2.Keeping him waiting outside, she did her shopping.do shopping在买, go shopping逛逛而已While she kept him waiting outside, she did her shopping.b.表原因,理由意指because, since, as等1.Because he is a kind man, he is loved by everyone.Being a kind man, he is loved by everyone.2.Because I did n’t know what to say, I remained silent.Not knowing what to say, I remained silent.c.表附带状况1.I ran all the way, and I arrived just in time.I ran all the way,arriving just in time.2.I washed the dishes as I listen to my favorite music.I washed the dishes, listening to my favorite music.d.表条件if1.If you turn left after the bank, you will see our house on you right.If turning left after the bank, you will see our house on you right.If 不可省2.If you arrive earlier, you will have to wait for a while.If arriving earlier, you will have to wait for a while.e.表让步though, although1.Though I admit (that) you’re right, I still can’t agree with you.Admitting you’re right, I still can’t agree with you.子音+母音+子音 >双写加ing2.Although he lives near my house, he seldom comes to see me.Living near my house, he seldom comes to see me.分词构句的位置句首Hearing the news, he got angry.句中Romeo, believing that Juliet was dead, decided to kill himself.句尾The teacher went out of the classroom, mumbling something.六.分词构句的被动态,完成形,否定形A.被动态>(being)+.being后是.则可省略, 若为名词,形容词,则不可1.As he was exhausted by his hard work, he went to bed earlier than usual.(Being) Exhausted by hard work, he went to bed earlier than usual.He works hard.His hard work2.As it is written in simple English, the book is easy to read.(Being) Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.B.完成形>having+.1.Since I have seen him before, I know him well.Having seen him before, I know him well.2.After he had graduated from college, he became a journalist.Having graduated from college, he became a journalist.had+.>having+C.完成形的被动(having been)Since she has been brought up in Paris, she speaks French very.(Having been) Brought up in Paris, she speaks French very.分词构句是附属,并不注重时态,但要明确主被动D.否定形not/never+Ving or not/never+having+1.As the teacher didn’t hear the bell, the teacher kept on teaching.Not hearing the bell, the teacher kept on teaching.2.Because he had not done his homework, he felt uneasy.Not having done his homework, he felt uneasy.七.独立分词构句主词不同1.When the sun had set, we started for home. 启程回家The sun having set, we started for home.2.Because it was Sunday, the stores were all closed/all the stores were closed.It being Sunday, the stores were all closed.3.Because there was no bridge, we had to swim across the river.There being no bridge, we had to swim across the river.must没有过去式,其过去式用had to 表现4.We’ll go on a picnic if the weather permits.We’ll go on a picnic, the weather permitting.picnic-picnickingwe’ll go on a picnic=we’ll picnic八.with+名词/代名词+分词用以表示附带状况1.I stood there with my heart beating violently. 主动2.The table was rather disorderly with several magazines lying open on it. 有几份杂志摊开在上面说谎 lie-lied-lied-lying躺,存在(vi.) lie-lay-lain-lying 不及物动词没有被动,故用lying, open是形容词母鸡下蛋,放置(vt.) lay-laid-laid-laying3.He came in with his boots covered in mud. 靴子上尽是泥巴4.He stood in front of us with his arms folded. 双手交叉九.分词构句的惯用表现generally speakingstrictly speaking = to be strictfrankly speaking = to be frankjudging fromspeaking/talking of~ 谈到~according to~ = according as S+Vconsidering~ 考虑到~1.Frankly speaking/to be frank, I find the job boring.2.Judging from the way she is dressed, she must be going to (go to) the party.她的穿着the way she is dressedI will go to a movie.I am going to go to a movie. be going toI am going to a movie. be doing3.Talking of the radio, what/which program do you like4.According to(prep.) the paper, there was a big fire in that hotel.According as the paper said, there was a big fire in that hotel.。

谢孟媛中级文法目录第一章不定词（1-8）第一节：名词用法第二节：形容词用法第三节：副词用法第四节：S+V+O+to V第五节：S+V+O+原形不定词第六节：S+V+it+C+to不定词第七节：seem (happen…等)+to不定词第八节：be+不定词第九节：不定词的被动态，进行式，完成式不定词第十节：特別注意的不定词用法第十一节：不定词的惯用表現第二章动名词（9-13）第一节：动名词的用法第二节：用不定词／动名词当受词第三节：动词意义上的主词第四节：动名词的否定形，被动态，完成形第五节：含动名词的惯用表现第三章假設語氣（14-17）第一节：假設法現在式第二节：假設法過去完成式第三节：假設法未來式第四节：其他假設法的表現第五节：代替if子句的用法第四章否定（18-20）第一节：否定字的表現第二节：部分否定第三节：双重否定第四节：否定的慣用表現第五节：不用否定字的否定表現第五章句子的要素及种类（21-25）第一节：词类第二节：片語及子句第三节：句子的要素第四节：句子的种类第六章五大句型（26-32）第一节： S+V第二节：S+V+ C第三节：S+V+O第四节：S+V+O+O第五节：S+V+O+C第七章比较（33-37）第一节：比较变化第二节：原级第三节：比较级第四节：最高级第八章疑问（38-40）第一节：疑问代名词第二节：疑问副词第三节：疑问形容词第四节：間接问句第五节：附加问句第六节：修辭疑问句第七节：應答疑问句第八节：敘述句型的疑问句第九章名词及冠词（41-47）第一节：名词第二节：名词的複數形第三节：名词的所有格第四节：冠词第五节：定冠词的用法第六节：冠词特別注意的用法第十章介系词（48-53）第一节：介系词的受词第二节：介系词的位置第三节：群体介系词第四节：双重介系词第五节：常見的介系词用法第六节：和形容词，动词結合的介系词第十一章关系词（54-60）第一节：关系代名词的种类和格第二节：关系代名词的用法第三节：限定用法和非限定用法第四节：关系副词第五节：复合关系词第六节：关系形容词及as, but, than 第十二章形容词、副词（61-68）第一节：形容词第二节：副词第十三章分词（69-74）第一节：修饰名词的现在分词第二节：修饰名词的过去分词第三节：S+V+C(分词)第四节：S+V+O+C(分词)第五节：分词构句第六节：分词构句的被动態，完成形，否定形第七节：独立分词构句第八节：with+(代)名词+分词第九节：分词构句的惯用表現第十四章被动语态（75-80）第一节：主被动语态转换第二节： (SVOO)的被动语态第三节： (SVOC)的被动语态第四节“疑问句被动语态第五节：祈使句的被动语态第六节：Say, believe, expect, know, think,consider等的被动语态第七节：特別注意的被动语态第十五章助动词（81-85）第一节：助动词的特徵第二节：助动词的用法第三节：含助动词的慣用表現第十六章特殊构句（86-91）第一节：倒装第二节：强调第三节：省略第四节：插入第五节：同位語第十七章代名词（92-100）第一节：人稱代名词第二节：指示代名词第三节：不定代名词第十八章时态（101-107）第一节：現在式第二节：過去式第三节：未來式第四节：現在进行式第五节：過去进行式第六节：未來进行式第七节：現在完成式第八节：過去完成式第九节：未來完成式第十节：完成进行式第十九章时态的一致與敘述法（108-113）第一节：时态的一致第二节：敘述法第二十章连接词（114-120）第一节：对等连接词第二节：从属连接词(1)第三节：各种从属连接词(副词子句) 的意义不定词〈第01卷〉名词用法(1)不定词的用法名词用法形容词用法副词用法不定词无非就是比较长的名词、形容词、副词而已，因为它有两个字。