elision

英语18个连读技巧英语中的连读是指在词语或句子中，一个词的最后一个音与下一个词的开头音连在一起，形成流畅的语音链接。

这有助于提高语音自然度和交流的流畅性。

以下是一些常见的英语连读技巧：1. Consonant to Vowel Linking:- e.g., "I like it" →"I-like-it."2. Consonant to Consonant Linking:- e.g., "and dogs" →"an-dogs."3. Vowel to Vowel Linking:- e.g., "go out" →"go-out."4. Intrusive 'Y':- e.g., "law and order" →"lawran-order."5. Intrusive 'R':- e.g., "the idea is" →"the-idea-ris."6. Intrusive 'W':- e.g., "law and order" →"lawrand-order."7. Linking 'R':- e.g., "car is" →"car-ris."8. Linking 'Y':- e.g., "my opinion" →"my-yopinion."9. Linking 'W':- e.g., "flow away" →"flowaway."10. Elision (Dropping Sounds):- e.g., "I don't know" →"I-don-know."11. Flapping 'T':- e.g., "better than" →"bedder-than."12. Dropping 'H':- e.g., "I have" →"I 'ave."13. Dropping 'G':- e.g., "going on" →"goin' on."14. Intrusive 'J':- e.g., "law and order" →"lawajand-order."15. Intrusive 'L':- e.g., "real estate" →"realal estate."16. Intrusive 'F':- e.g., "roof and walls" →"roofofan walls."17. Assimilation:- e.g., "ten pounds" →"tem pounds."18. Vowel Reduction:- e.g., "banana" →"buh-nana."请注意，这些技巧在口语中较为常见，而在正式场合或书面语中，一些连读可能会被视为不够正式。

六年级英语连读知识点连读（Linking）是英语中常见的一种音变现象，指的是在单词之间或在词组中，有些辅音会与前面或后面的音素产生连读现象，使得两个音素之间的边界变得模糊。

掌握英语连读规则对于提高口语流利度和准确性非常重要。

下面将介绍六年级英语连读的几个重要知识点。

1. 辅音连读在连读中，辅音连读（Consonant Linking）是最基本的一种形式。

当一个词以辅音结尾，而下一个词以元音开头时，辅音连读就会发生。

1.1 辅音+元音当辅音后是元音时，两个词之间会发生辅音连读。

例如：- Can I(go to school)?可以看到，辅音 "n" 在连读时发生了鼻音化。

1.2 辅音+半元音当辅音后是半元音（"w" 或 "y"）时，辅音连读同样会发生。

例如：- I SAW(your new house).- He NEEDS(his book).可以观察到连读发生在 "s" 和 "y" 之间，以及 "d" 和 "s" 之间。

1.3 辅音+辅音在一些特殊情况下，相邻的两个辅音会发生连读。

根据辅音连读规则，有时辅音可以连接在一起发音。

- What T(ime is it)?- He PLAYS(soccer).可以注意到，连读发生在 "t" 和 "i" 之间，以及 "s" 和 "s" 之间。

2. 元音连读元音连读（Vowel Linking）指的是两个元音之间的连读现象。

当一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头时，元音连读就会发生。

2.1 元音+元音当两个元音相遇时，会进行元音连读。

例如：- A BOOK(and) a pen.- We HAVE(been) there.可以观察到连读发生在 "a" 和 "a" 之间，以及 "e" 和 "e" 之间。

高中选修一英语第四单元重点单词1. Bilingual: Adjective - being able to speak two languages fluently. Example: Growing up in a multicultural family, Maria became bilingual in English and Spanish.2. Dialect: Noun - a particular form of a language that is specific to aregion or social group.Example: The dialect spoken in the southern part of the country is quite different from the one in the north.3. Fluency: Noun - the ability to speak or write a language smoothly, quickly, and accurately.Example: Through regular practice, Sarah gained fluency in French within a year.4. Idiom: Noun - a group of words established by usage as having a meaningthat can't be derived from the individual words.Example: "It's raining cats and dogs" is an idiom that means it is raining heavily.5. Linguistics: Noun - the scientific study of language and its structure. Example: As a linguistics major, Alex enjoyed analyzing the syntax and semantics of various languages.6. Native: Adjective - being born and raised in a particular country or place. Example: She is a native speaker of Mandarin because she was born and raisedin China.7. Polyglot: Noun - a person who speaks or understands multiple languages. Example: Being a polyglot, Tom can communicate with people from various countries during his travels.8. Proficient: Adjective - having a high level of skill or expertise in a particular subject or activity.Example: After years of practice, James became proficient in playing the piano.9. Pronunciation: Noun - the way in which a word or language is spoken, using the correct sounds and stress patterns.Example: Language learners often struggle with the correct pronunciation ofcertain words.10. Vocabulary: Noun - a collection of words within a language that an individual knows and uses.Example: Reading books regularly can significantly improve your vocabulary.11. Colloquialism: Noun - a word or phrase used in everyday, informal language. Example: The colloquialism "chill out" is often used to tell someone to relax.12. Conjugation: Noun - the change in the form of a verb to express different tenses, aspects, moods, or voices.Example: Spanish verb conjugation can be challenging for English speakers due to the many irregular verbs.13. Grammar: Noun - the rules that govern the structure and use of a language. Example: Understanding grammar is crucial for writing clear and coherent sentences.14. Homophone: Noun - a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in spelling or meaning.Example: "Sea" and "see" are homophones that can sometimes cause confusion. 15. Morphology: Noun - the study of the structure and formation of words. Example: Morphology helps us understand how prefixes and suffixes can change the meaning of a word.16. Phonetics: Noun - the study of speech sounds and their physical properties. Example: Phonetics is important for language learners to understand thecorrect production of sounds.17. Syntax: Noun - the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.Example: Understanding syntax is essential for constructing sentences that make sense.18. Tone: Noun - the quality of a person's voice that conveys their feelings and attitudes.Example: The tone of his voice indicated that he was serious about the matter.19. Verb: Noun - a word used to describe an action, occurrence, or state. Example: "Run," "jump," and "eat" are all examples of verbs.20. Accent: Noun - a particular way of pronouncing words that is typical of a particular country, region, or social class.Example: The actor worked hard to perfect his British accent for the role.21. Alliteration: Noun - the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.Example: "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers" is a sentence thatuses alliteration.22. Cliché: Noun - a phrase or opinion that is overused and lacks original thought.Example: The phrase "break a leg" is a cliché used to wish someone good luck before a performance.23. Diction: Noun - the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.Example: A poet carefully considers diction to convey the desired meaning and emotion.24. Elision: Noun - the omission of a sound or syllable when speaking, often to make speech flow more smoothly.Example: In everyday speech, elision often occurs, such as saying "gonna" instead of "going to."25. Jargon: Noun - specialized or technical language that is used by people ina particular profession or group.Example: Legal jargon can be difficult for laypeople to understand.26. Metaphor: Noun - a figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using the words "like" or "as."Example: Describing someone as a "shining star" is a metaphor for their exceptional talent.27. Onomatopoeia: Noun - the formation of a word from a sound that is associated with what the word refers to.Example: "Buzz" and "crash" are examples of onomatopoeia that imitate the sounds they describe.28. Punctuation: Noun - the marks used in writing to separate sentences and parts of sentences, and to indicate their structure and meaning.Example: Proper punctuation is essential for clarity and understanding in written communication.29. Register: Noun - the level of formality or informality in language, often determined by the context or audience.Example: Knowing when to use formal register is important in professional settings.30. Slang: Noun - very informal language that is typically used by aparticular group of people.Example: Slang terms often evolve over time, with new words and phrases being created.31. Semantics: Noun - the study of meaning in language.Example: Semantics helps us understand how words and phrases convey meaning in different contexts.32. Simile: Noun - a figure of speech that compares two unlike things using the words "like" or "as."Example: "She runs like the wind" is a simile that compares someone's speed to that of the wind.33. Stative Verb: Noun - a verb that describes a state rather than an action. Example: "Be," "have," and "belong" are examples of stative verbs.34. Stress: Noun - the emphasis given to a particular syllable or word in speech.Example: Word stress can change the meaning of a sentence, such as in the word "record" (noun) versus "record" (verb).。

法语音素发音规则法语是一种拉丁语系的语言，语音系统相对较为复杂，有着丰富的语音变体和发音规则。

在法语的音素系统中，有大约37个辅音和16个元音。

以下是法语的一些音素发音规则的说明。

辅音音素1.浊塞音：/b/、/d/、/g/在重读音节的词首和词中时发浊音，而在词尾时发清音。

2.清塞音：/p/、/t/、/k/在重读音节的词首和词中时发清音，而在词尾时发轻声或省略。

3.鼻音：/m/、/n/、/ɲ//m/在词首时发鼻音，而在词中和词尾时发清音。

/n/在词首发鼻音，而在词中时发舌上鼻音，在词尾时发齿齿鼻音。

/ɲ/在词首和词中时发鼻音，而在词尾时发齿齿鼻音。

4.破擦音：/ʃ/、/ʒ//ʃ/在词首和词中时发音，而在词尾时发音。

/ʒ/只在音节内出现，且只在辅音后出现。

5.摩擦音：/f/、/v/、/s/、/z//f/和/v/分别在词首和词中时发音，而在词尾时发音。

/s/和/z/分别在词首和词中时发音，而在词尾时发音。

6.半浊辅音：/l/、/ʁ/、/j//l/在词首和词中时发音，而在词尾时发音。

/ʁ/在拼接或词首辅音后时发音，而在词尾或两个元音之间时发音。

/j/在词首和词中时发音，而在词尾时发音。

元音音素1.短元音：/i/、/e/、/a/、/ɔ/、/u/短元音发音短促，母音发音在法语中相对稳定。

2.长元音：/iː/、/eː/、/aː/、/ɔː/、/uː/长元音发音较长，有时似乎有两个音节。

3.鼻化元音：/ɛɛ/、/ɛɛ/、/œɛ/鼻化元音是由舌唇元音和鼻音结合而成的。

它们只出现在音节内。

4.元音组合有五个复合元音：/wa/、/ɔi/、/waː/、/we/、/wi/。

这些元音组合的发音依赖于元音之间的相互影响。

除了辅音和元音的发音规则外，法语中还存在许多连读和弱化规则，例如“liaison”和“elision”，这些规则使得法语音节连贯流畅。

总结上述是法语音素的一些基本发音规则。

然而，法语是一门富有变异性的语言，如果要完全掌握法语的发音规则，还需要深入研究浊音轻声、失音重叠、连读辅音、元音特定情况下的发音等复杂的音变现象。

UNIT FOUR Elision and Assimilation 省音和同化音省音是指在快速的语言交流中，有些音被省略掉。

它主要分为历史的原因和语境的原因，历史的原因是指在英语单词中早期存在的某个音，后来随着社会、经济与语言的变化消失了。

语境中的音的省略就是在一个词或补语中，某个因素因受到毗邻音的影响，或位于非重读音节，因而消失的现象。

流利的英语，语速很快时，常有省音。

会省略的一些辅音，尤其是[t] [d]，两个辅音中间就会被省略掉。

同化音就是指一个音受到相邻音的影响而发成这两个音之外的另一个音的现象。

也就是说这两个音在口腔中的发音位置相距较远，发音难度加大，通常不利于连贯的表达。

于是我们就发这两个音临近的另外一个音。

发音更容易、自然流畅。

ＣＨＡＰＴＥＲONE Elision省音ⅠPractice on Elision 省音练习Elision of Vowels 元音的省略元音的省略主要是指非重读音节中元音[ ]和[ ]的省略，以及两个词之间元音的省略。

请朗读下列单词。

★注意单词内部元音的省略。

preferable ['prefərəbl] comparable ['kɔmpərəbl] temperature ['tempəreitʃə] suffering ['sʌfəriŋ]university [,ju:ni'və:siti] difficult ['difikəlt]easily ['i:zili] probably ['prɔbəbli]carefully ['kɛəfəli] specialist ['speʃəlist]usually ['juʒəli] February ['febrəri]factory ['fækətri] library ['laibrəri]★注意下列词组中词界上（两词交界处）元音的省略。

英式发音规则（BBC：蒂姆的英音课堂）一、弱读 Weak Forms（重点掌握：schwa音/ə/ ）1. a piece of cakea, of : /ə/ --schwa音（used in many gramma words, like articles and prepositions）eg: I like a cup of tea in the morning.Could you give me a packet of biscuitsCan you give it to meI had an apple for lunch today.2. and (basic conjunction, frequently unstressed)strong: /ænd/ weak: /ən/ or /n/Fish and chips fish ‘n’ chipseg: I’m going to go and get the shopping.Apples and oranges are my favourite fruits.I’ve been thinking and thinking, but I can’t decide.We went for a coffee and something to eat.3. was: /wɒz/; unstressed /wəz/were: /wɜː/; unstressed /wə/eg: I was there when it happened.He was feeling much better last night.We were having a good time until it rained.We were delighted with the results.4. have to (modal form 情态动词“have”)strong: /hæv tuː / ; weak: /hæf tə/eg: They have to be there by ten.We have to find another flat.You have to tell me the gossip.I always have to take the train.have ( auxiliary助动词“have”)辅音+ have：have 的发音省略/h/，元音变schwa音弱读为/əv/I’d have stayed home. → I’d’ve stayed home.eg: Your parcel should have been delivered yesterday.I would have done it differently.We might have made a mistake.The police have arrived.在句中，辅音结尾+“h”开头的代词, “h”不发音 (代词: he, him, his, her)eg：He looks like he’s had an accident.I really like his cooking.We think he’s left the country.They let him leave early.They offered her a promotion.5. can (modal auxiliary 情态助动词)strong: /kæn/ weak: /kən/ (also written as /kn/) eg: Can you help me bring in the shopping, pleaseI can swim further than I can run.You can succeed if you work hard.How far can you throw a tennis ball6. beenstrong: /biːn/ weak: /bɪn/eg: I’ve been in London since 2015.I have been working here for several years.How long have you been waitingIt’s been years since I went to the cinema.7.fromstrong /frɒm/（句末） weak /frəm/ （句中弱读）eg: I borrowed it from my brother.I read the book from cover to cover.The nearest post office is not far from here.Come over any time from seven o'clock.二、语音同化 Assimilation1. /t/ + /p/ → almost(mouth shape)/p/ + /p/white piece of papereg: There are lots of great parks in London.I love split pea soup.I hate potatoes/My mate picked us up from the airport.2. /t/ +/k/ （元音+/t/）+/k/开头的词时，/t/发音为/k/（mouth shape）credit cardeg: Don’t let it get cold!You have to do it quickly.There’s no short cut learning a language.I didn’t like that cake.3. /t/ + /j/ → /tʃ/meet y ou /mi:t/ /ju:/ → /miːtʃu:/eg: That shirt won’t sui t you.Don’t you want to come to the partyI bet y our boss doesn’t know.Can I get you anything4. /d/ +/j/ → /dʒ/would you /wʊd/ /ju:/ → /wʊdʒu:/ 甚至有时/u:/会弱读schwa音：/wʊdʒə/eg: I’m sad you decided to quit.Could you get here by midnightShould you see him, can you give him a messageI don’t think the gold you brought was real.5. -d- to -ɡ- 当/d/+/ɡ/或/k/, /d/发音为/ɡ/ (mouth shape)bad girl /bæd/ /ɡɜːl/ →/bæɡɜːl/eg: He’s a really good cook.Last night we had guests for dinner.Can you print out a hard copyI’d love to walk down the red carpet one day.6. /d/ + /b/ （元音+/d/）+/b/开头的词时，/d/发音为/b/（mouth shape）speed boateg: My son is a really good boy.I’m sorry if I was rude before.My car had to be towed back to the garage.You should buy him a present.7. /s/ +/j/或/ʃ/时，/s/发音为/ʃ/（mouth shape）Bless you /bles/ /ju:/ → /bleʃu:/this shirt /ðɪs/ /ʃɜːt/ →/ðɪʃɜːt/eg: Can you just shut the door, please /t/在辅音间不发音，/s/ +/ʃ/→/ʃ/This yachat is beautiful.Don’t worry, that’s usual.He always makes you feel good.8. 以/n/结尾的词+以/b/ /p/ /m/ /w/开头的词时，/n/音会变为/m/的口型，因为嘴巴在为下一个音做准备Green Park /ɡriːn/ /pɑːk/ →/ɡriːm pɑːk/eg: I own ten pairs of socks.He didn’t do it on purpose.I would love to live in Paris.Can you come on Wednesday三、省略音 Elision1. Elision of -t-I can’t do it. /t/音处于两个辅音之间时，通常不发音eg: I can’t stand the rain.It must be time to leave.Am I the first person hereI don’t want it.2. Elision of -d-boiled potatoes /d/处于两个辅音之间，通常不发音eg: My best friend let me borrow his car.Don’t hol d back—say what you mean.His bike rolled down the hill without him.四、省略+同化 Elision and Assimilation1. “nd” → /m/sandwich /ˈsæɪtʃ/ → /sæmwɪtʃ/d位于俩辅音之间，省略（2）；/n/ +/w/→/m/+/w/，同化（8）；eg: My grandparents have been married for 50 years.I got a standby ticket.The band played until midnight.I left my handbag on the train.五、连锁音 Catenation1. Consonant-vowel linking辅音+元音连读（中间不停顿，读成一个词）an eggeg: He’s in the garden.I used to believe in Father Christmas, but not any more.I had to give up jogging.He had it in his office.六、连接音 Linking1. Linking –r- 拼写中/r/在单词中不发音，后面跟辅音/r/也不发音，但后面跟元音时，加上/r/音war /wɔːr/War and Peace /wɔːrən piːs/eg: You know I really like my mother-in-law.Have you been to the Tower of LondonYou’ve got something in you r eye.Never again.2. Linking -w- : 以/u:/结尾的单词，下一单词以元音开头时，加连接音/w/ （不是一个完整的音，是从/u:/到元音时必然的嘴型）The shoe is on the wrong foot. /ʃuːwɪz/eg： When do I have to be thereI haven’t got a cl ue at all.That glue is really strong.I really can’t d o it.3. Linking -j- : 以/aɪ/ /iː/ /eɪ/ /ɔɪ/ 结尾的词+以元音开始的词，加连接音/j/, （不是一个完整的音，是发音时必然的嘴型）I always drink a glass of water.eg: When I go on holiday I just want to lie on the beach.The end of the film was brilliant.I ate the whole cake in one go.It was too high up for me to reach.冠词“the”的两种发音the + 辅音开头的词 weak: /ðə/ eg: the bus, the man, the riverthe + 元音音素开头的词 strong: /ðiː/ 同时以/iː/结尾的词+元音开始的词，加连接音/j/eg: I prefer the orange one.In a restaurant, I always order the apple pie.I think the autumn is the best time of year.The earlier I get up, the happier I am.It’s the one over there.七、插入音“r” Intrusion -r- （部分口音，存在争议）1. law /lɔː/ 以/ɔː/结尾的词，后面跟元音时可插入一个/r/音连读，/r/的发音不强law and order /lɔːrænd ɔː.dər/eg: Can you draw a circle freehandMy dog hurt its paw on some broken glass.There was a flaw in the argument.I saw a good film last night.八、孪生音（重叠音） Twinning or Gemination1. /s/+/s/ 以/s/结尾+/s/开头，把两个音连在一起，发一个稍长一点的音He looks sad.eg: She’s silly.He’s sitting over there.Can you come this SaturdayThat’s so unfair.2. /t/+/t/ 读以（元音+/t/）+/t/开头的词，两个/t/连在一起变成一个强一点的/t/ * 辅音+t+t(辅音)时，中间的t省略读音（参见省略1）It takes two to tango.eg: It took him twenty years to get to the top.You don’t have to cheat to pass the test.You were right to be upset.We took the overnight train to Venice.九、爆破音 Plosives /b/ /p/ /d/ /t/ /g/ /k/1. 爆破音结尾+辅音字母开头：非爆破停顿 unreleased stop (a stop with no audible release)eg: How about a quick chatYou should thank her.It was a sad time in his life.Why don’t you sit downFeatures of connected speech1.Schwa /ə/2.Elision (sounds disappear)3.Catenation & intrusion ( sounds link)4.Assimilation & weak forms (sounds change)。

英语句子成分简写英语句子通常由主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等成分组成。

为了简化句子结构和减少重复，英语中经常使用简写形式。

这种简写形式在书面语和口语中都非常常见，为我们的交流带来了便利。

下面将介绍几种常见的英语句子成分简写方式。

1. 主语的简写形式（Subject Elision）主语是句子的核心成分，通常由名词或代词担任。

在某些情况下，特别是在问句和感叹句中，可以省略主语，只使用谓语动词或形容词。

例如：- You coming?（你来吗？）- Beautiful!（太美了！）2. 谓语的简写形式（Predicate Elision）谓语是表示动作或状态的核心成分，由动词来表示。

在口语中，谓语动词可以简化为其对应的现在分词或过去分词形式。

例如：- She is dancing. → She dancing.- The book is written by a famous author. → The book written by a famous author.3. 宾语的简写形式（Object Elision）宾语是指动作的承受者或影响的对象。

在某些情况下，宾语可以被省略，使句子更加简洁。

例如：- I love you. → I love.- He likes swimming. → He likes.4. 定语的简写形式（Attributive Elision）定语用于描述名词或代词的特征或性质。

有些定语可以被简化为相应的形容词或副词。

例如：- The boy who is wearing a blue shirt is my friend. → The boy wearing a blue shirt is my friend.- I have a car that is very fast. → I have a very fast car.5. 状语的简写形式（Adverbial Elision）状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的成分，用于表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。

成人英语速成宝典之5大连读技巧总结，地道口语必备In this document, I will provide you with five essential linking techniques for adults to improve their English speaking skills. These techniques will help you sound more natural and fluent in your conversations. Let's dive right in!1. Liaison:Liaison is the process of linking words together in speech. It involves blending the final consonant sound of one word with the initial vowel sound of the next word. This technique is crucial for achieving smooth and connected speech. For example, instead of saying "I have a cat," you can say "I have a cat." The "v" sound in "have" is linked with the "a" sound in "a," creating a seamless transition.2. Intrusive R:The intrusive R is a common feature in English, especially in British English. It occurs when an "r" sound is inserted between two words that end in a vowel sound and begin with a vowel sound. For instance, instead of saying "law and order," you can say "lawr and order." The intrusive R adds a natural flow to your speech and makes it sound more native-like.3. Elision:Elision refers to the omission of certain sounds or syllables in connected speech. It helps to maintain the rhythm and flow of spoken English. One common example of elision is the omission of the "t" sound in words like "want to" and "got to." Instead of saying "I want to go," you can say "I wanna go." This reduction in sounds makes your speech more colloquial and authentic.4. Linking Vowels:Linking vowels occur when a word ends with a vowel sound, and the next word begins with a vowel sound. To create a smooth transition, you can insert a slight "y" or "w" sound between the two words. For example, instead of saying "he is," you can say "he yis." This technique prevents any pause or break between words, making your speech more fluent.5. Sentence Stress and Rhythm:Sentence stress and rhythm play a crucial role in conveying meaning and emphasis in spoken English. By placing stress on the right words in a sentence, you can convey your message more effectively. Native speakers naturally stress content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives) and reduce function words (pronouns, articles, prepositions). Additionally, maintaining a consistent rhythm in your speech helps you sound more natural and engaging.In conclusion, these five linking techniques liaison, intrusive R, elision, linking vowels, and sentence stress are essential for adults looking to improve their English speaking skills. By incorporating these techniques into your daily practice, you will enhance your fluency, sound more natural, and communicate more effectively. Remember to pay attention to the rhythm and stress patterns in spoken English to achieve a more authentic and confident speaking style. Keep practicing, and soon you will see significant improvements in your English speaking abilities.。