风景园林专业英语翻译

哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学Industrial Economics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Science of Law法学理论Jurisprudence法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学V ocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature 外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学Film广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art舞蹈学Dance历史学History历史学History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史History of Particular Subjects中国古代史Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史World History理学Natural Science数学Mathematics基础数学Fundamental Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理）Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学Marine Sciences物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Marine Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学）Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Genetics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Science and Technology工学Engineering力学Mechanics一般力学与力学基础General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mechanics工程力学Engineering Mechanics机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High V oltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering 化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure 轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学Environmental Science环境工程Environmental Engineering生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering食品科学Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Science植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Science畜牧学Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and ReproductionScience动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等）The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating 水产学Fisheries Science水产养殖学Aquaculture Science捕捞学Fishing Science渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emergency Medicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine 药学Pharmaceutical Science药物化学Medicinal Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacognosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Science of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations联合战役学Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学）Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学Science of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Science of Command作战指挥学Combat Command军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligence密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学）Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学Science of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学Military Management军队政治工作学Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学Military Logistics后方专业勤务Rear Special Service军事装备学Military Equipment管理学Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学）Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Science of Public Management行政管理学Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management社会保障学Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Science of Library, Information and Archival 图书馆学Library Science情报学Information Science档案学Archival Science。

一、专业词汇翻译1.Ecophysiology：生理生态学2.well-watered ：正常浇水3.drought-stressed ：干旱胁迫条件4.Gas exchange patterns：气体交换模式5.malic acid fluctuations:苹果酸波动6.Photosyntheticpathways：光合作用途径7.C3 photosyn-thesis：C3光合作用8.CAM-cycling：CAM循环9.water-use efficiency (WUE)：水分利用率10.C 3 and C4 species：C3和C4植物11.malic acid accumulation：苹果酸积累12.Carbon isotope ratios：碳同位素比值13.Crassulacean acid metabolism景天酸代谢14.photosynthetic carbon metabo光合碳代谢15.shallow soil ：浅土16.daytime stomatal opening：白天气孔开放17.CO2 uptake:CO2的吸收18.diurnal fluctuation：昼夜波动anic acids：有机酸20.Carboxylation：羧21.Decarboxylation：脱羧22.stomatal closure A：气孔关闭23.CO2 fixation：CO2固定24.potential water：潜在水25.salt-stressed：盐胁迫26.photosynthetic metabolism：光合代谢27.water conservation：用水节约28.different genera or families：不同属或科29.different morphologies：不同的形态30.Fresh weight：鲜重31.dry weight：干重32.wet bogs：潮湿的沼泽33.moist slopes:潮湿的山坡34.Succulent：肉质、多汁的35.Stems：茎36.greenhouse soil：温室土壤37.Styrofoam cups：塑料泡沫杯38.plastic square pots：塑料方形盆39.photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)：光量子通量密度40.LI-6000 Portable Photosynthesis System：LI-6000便携式光合仪41.Professional fertilizer：专业肥料42. trace elements ：微量元素43.Mature individuals：成熟个体44.Humidifier：抽湿器45.infrared gas analyzer：红外气体分析仪46.desiccant ：干燥剂47.Cu-constantan thermocouples：铜热电隅48.mercury barometer ：水银气压表49.atmospheric pressure：大气压力50.mortar and pestle：研体51.Mass spectrometer：质量光谱仪52.Statistical analysis：统计分析53.Non-parametric tests：非参数检验54.transpirational water loss：蒸腾失水55.Nocturnal：昼伏夜出56.recycled respiratory ：再循环呼吸57.Leaf carbon isotope:叶碳同位素58.surface-to-volume ratio:表面-体积比例59.Morphologically：形态学的60.leaf thickness：叶片厚度61.dry weight ratios：干重比62.approximate measure：大致的衡量63.tissue water status：组织水分的状况64.indicator of succulence：肉质的指标65.shade of the forest：树荫下66.photosynthetic photon flux density ：PPFD：光强67.moderate drought stress：中度干旱胁迫68.C02 assimilation ：CO2同化69.Stomatal conductance：气孔导度70.Transpiration：蒸腾率71.carbon pool：碳库72.reflect sensitivity to drought：对干旱的灵敏度73.Exogenous：外源性的74.Photosynthetic pathways：光合途径75.conserving water：节约用水76.substantial changes：重大变化77.ecological dissimilarity：生态性的差异78.related species：近缘种79.ecophysiological consequences：生理生态学后果80.environmental conditions of the habitats：栖息地的环境条件81.vapor pressure deficit (vpd)：水汽压亏损82.fertilized weekly：周期性施肥83.Sedum integrifolium (Raf.)Nels.%%%景天84.Sedum ternatum Michx：%%%景天85.Sedum telephioides Michx：%%%景天86.Sedum nuttallianum Raf：%%%景天87.Sedum wrightii A. Gray：%%%景天88.Crassulaceae：景天科89.Sedum：景天属rge diurnal fluctuation：大型昼夜波动91.Daytime decarboxylation：白天脱羧92.stomatal closure：气孔关闭93.potential water：潜在水94.be induced：被诱发95.Mesembryanthemum crystallinum：冰成套产品96.well-hydrated：充分水化97.drought- or salt-stressed：干旱或者盐胁迫98.IRGA：infrared gas analyzer：红外气体分析仪99.mercury barometer：水银气压仪100.monitor atmospheric pressure：检测大气压力101.System data：系统数据102.fresh weight:dry weight ratio (FW:DW)：鲜重：干重二、段落翻译：1. Three different modes of photosynthetic carbon metabolism C3, Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), and CAM-cycling have been found in succulents growing in shallow soil overlying rock outcrops throughout the U.S. (Martin et al. 1982; Martin and Zee 1983; Martinand Jackson 1986; Martin et al. 1988a, b). The C3 photosynthetic pathway is characterized by daytime stomatal opening and CO2 uptake,while CAM is characterized by a large diurnal fluctuation of organic acids,resulting from nighttime carboxylation, followed by day-time decarboxylation and stomatal closure (Kluge andTing 1978; Ting 1985). Because CO2 fixation occurs mainly at night when potential water loss is relatively low, a considerable amount of water is conserved. Thus,CAM is advantageous under conditions where daytime water loss can be very high (Kluge 1976; Kluge and Ting1978).译：这三种不同的光合碳代谢C3，景天酸代谢（CAM）和CAM循环模式已被发现在多肉植物内，这些植物长在覆盖在岩石表面的浅土上，遍及美国（Martin等，1982;马丁和徐1983; Martinand杰克逊1986马丁等人1988年a，b）中。

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Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学）Paleontology and Stratigraphy (includingPaleoanthropology)构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Genetics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Science and Technology农业科学农学Agriculture作物学Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Science植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Science畜牧学Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and 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商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR.水景WATER FEATURE小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE迎宾景观WELCOMING FEATURE-1观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING)竹园BAMBOO GARDEN漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE巨大迎宾水景GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-2木桥TIMBER BRIDGE石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE 吊桥HANGING BRIDGE休憩台地(低处) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER )休憩台地(高处) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER )特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE野趣小溪RIVER WILD儿童乐园CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND旱冰道SLIDE羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT旱景DRY LANDSCAPE日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN观景台VIEWING DECK游泳池SWIMMING POOL极可意JACUZZI嬉水池WADING POOL儿童泳池CHILDREN'S POOL蜿蜒水墙WINDING WALL中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA桥BRIDGE交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMATION停车场PARING AREA特色花架TRELLIS雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL(高尔夫)轻击区PUTTING GREEN高尔夫球会所GOLF CLUBHOUSE每栋建筑入口ENTRANCE PAVING TO UNIT篮球场BASKETBALL COURT网球场TENNIS COURT阶梯坐台/种植槽TERRACING SEATWALL/PLANTER广场MAIN PLAZA森林、瀑布FOREST GARDEN WATERFALL石景园ROCKERY GARDEN旱溪DRY STREAM凉亭PAVILION户外淋浴OUTDOOR SHOWER拉膜结构TENSILE STRUCTURE台阶STAIR高尔夫球车停车场PARKING ( GOLF CAR )健身站EXERCISE STATION晨跑小路JOGGING FOOTPATH车道/人行道DRIVEWAY /SIDEWALK人行漫步道PROMENADE瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) WATER FALL AND DANCING FOUNTAIN ( ENTRY PLAZA ) 特色入口ENTRY FEATURE中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林AngloChinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spainish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden周代术语灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden周代术语灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden周代术语阿房宫E-Pang Palace秦代术语上林苑ShangLin Yuan汉代术语未央宫WeiYang Palace汉代术语洛阳宫Luoyang Palace魏代术语艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden宋代术语圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。

风景园林术语翻译-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1风景园林是一个历史悠久、不断发展而又错综复杂的行业。

Landscapearchitecture isalong-established,continuouslydevelopingandcomplicatedtrade.园林学 landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture造园学 garden making, landscape garden-ing环境园艺学 environmental horticulture观赏园艺学 ornamental horticulture园林艺术 garden art园林美学 garden aesthetics园林建筑学 garden architecture园林建筑 garden building园林工程 garden engineering园林植物 landscape plant观赏植物 ornamental plant盆景 miniature landscape, penjing园林 garden and park园林学史 history of garden architecture园林规划 garden planning, landscaping planning园林设计 garden design园林机具设备gardening machine园林管理 garden management园林生态 landscape ecology绿化 greening, planting环境绿化 environmental greening绿地面积 green area绿地率 ratio of green space城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage工厂绿化 factory greening, factory garden-ing街道绿化 street greening, street planting车行道绿化driveway greening分车带绿化dividing stripe greening人行道绿化sidewalk greening群众绿化 mass planting movement郊区绿化 suburban greening公路绿化 highway greening铁路绿化 railway greening, railway planting堤岸种植 bank planting阳台绿化 balcony greening窗台绿化 window-sill greening屋顶绿化 roof greening垂直绿化 vertical greening攀缘绿化 climber greening桥头绿化 bridgehead greening花园 garden专类花园 specified flower garden花园村 garden village园林城市 landscape garden city蔷薇园 rose garden松柏园 conifer garden球根园 bulb garden宿根园 perennial garden假山园 rock garden, Chinese rockery狩猎场 hunting ground街心花园 street crossing center garden小游园 petty street garden水景园 water garden铺地园 paved garden野趣园 wild plants botanical garden野生植物园wild plants garden乡趣园 rustic garden盆景园 penjing garden, miniature land-scape 动物园 zoo, zoological garden墓园 cemetery garden沼泽园 bog and marsh garden水生植物园aquatic plants garden学校园 school garden室内花园 indoor garden芳香花园 fragrant garden盲人花园 garden for the blind公园 park, public park城市公园 city park, urban park区公园 regional park儿童公园 children park体育公园 sports park森林公园 forest park纪念公园 memorial park烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park综合公园 comprehensive park文化公园 cultural park文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 中央公园 central park天然公园 natural park海滨公园 seaside park, seabeach park古迹公园 historic site park河滨公园 riverside park湖滨公园 lakeside park路边公园 roadside park, street park娱乐公园 amusement park雕塑公园 sculpture park休憩公园 recreation park疗养公园 sanatorium park国家公园 national park邻里公园 neighborhood park特种公园 special park植物园 botanical garden植物公园 abeled plants park高山植物园 alpine garden热带植物园 tropical plants garden药用植物园 medical plants garden, herb garden 绿地 green space公共绿地 public green space单位绿地 unit green area城市绿地 urban green space街道广场绿地street and square green area居住区绿地 residential quarter green area防护绿地 green area for environmental protection 郊区绿地 suburban green space街坊绿地 residential block green belt附属绿地 attached green space生产绿地 productive plantation area苗圃 nursery风景 landscape, scenery自然景观 natural landscape人文景观 human landscape, scenery of humanities 草原景观 prairie landscape山岳景观 mountain landscape, alpine landscape地理景观 geographical landscape湖泊景观 lake view郊区景观 suburban landscape地质景观 geological landscape喀斯特景观 karst landscape植物景观 plants landscape, flora landscape中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden皇家园林 royal garden私家园林 private garden江南园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林 western classical garden英国式园林 English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林 Italian style garden西班牙式园林 Spanish style garden法兰西式园林 French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden悬园 Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden园林艺术景 view, scenery, feature远景 distant view近景 nearby view障景 obstructive scenery, blocking view借景 borrowed scenery, view borrowing对景 opposite scenery, view in opposite place缩景 miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景 leaking through scenery框景 enframed scenery尾景 terminal feature主景 main feature副景 secondary feature配景 objective view夹景 vista line, vista前景 front view背景 background景序 order of sceneries景点 feature spot, view spot仰视景观 upward landscape俯视景观 downward landscape季相景观 seasonal phenomena气象景观 meteorological diversity scenery视野 visual field秋色fall color, autumn color园林空间 garden space开敞空间 wide open space, wide space动观 in-motion viewing静观 in-position viewing视错觉 visual illusion园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden对称平衡 symmetrical balance不对称平衡asymmetrical balance左右对称 bilateral symmetry辐射对称 radial symmetry透景线 perspective line轴线 axis, axial line主轴 main axis副轴 auxiliary axis暗轴 hidden axis, invisible axis树冠线 skyline园林色彩艺术 art of garden colors单色谐调 monochromatic harmony复色谐调 compound chromatic harmony对比色突出 contrast colors accent近似色谐调 approximate colors harmony暖色 warm color冷色 cool color色感 color sense城市绿地系统规划 urban green space system planning 绿地系统 green space system公共绿地定额 public green space quota公共绿地指标 public green space norm绿地布局 green space layout吸引圈 attractive circle吸引距离 attractive distance有效半径 effective radius绿地资源 green space resource绿地效果 green space effect绿地规划程序 planning procedure of the green space 空间规划 space planning形象规划 image plan实施规划 implementary plan必要生活空间 necessary living space块状绿地 green plot点状绿地 green spot放射状绿地 radiate green space公园规划 park planning园林总体规划 garden master planning总平面规划 site planning园林分区 garden zoning安静休息区 tranquil rest area儿童活动区 children playing space儿童游戏场 children playground, playlot体育运动区 sports activities area野餐区 picnic place散步区 pedestrian space群众集会区mass meeting square观赏植物区ornamental plants area观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 草坪区 lawn space绿荫区 shade tree section历史古迹区 historical relics area青少年活动区 youngsters activities area诱鸟区 bird sanctuary area钓鱼区 fishing center野营区 camp site游人中心 visitors center服务中心 service center探险游乐场 adventure ground文化活动区 cultural activities area道路系统 approach system, road system环形道路系统 circular road system方格形道路系统 latticed road system放射形道路系统 radiate road system自然式道路系统 informal road system规整式道路系统 formal road system混合式道路系统 mixed style road system园林规划图 garden planning map园林规划说明书 garden planning direction城市公园系统 urban park system公园分布 distribution of parks公园类型 park type, park category公园间距 distance between parks公园形式 park styles游览区 excursion area, open-to-public area非游览区 no-admittance area办公区 administrative area服务区 service center动休息区 dynamic rest space静休息区 static rest space娱乐演出区 entertaining performance place主要入口 main entrance次要入口 secondary entrance人流量 visitors flowrate车流量 vehicle flowrate公园道路 park road公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio游人容纳量 visitors capacity风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation风景学 scenicology风景规划 landscape plan风景设计 landscape design游览路线 touring route旅游资源 tourism resource旅游地理 tourism geography旅游地质 tourism geology历史名城 famous historical city文化名城 famous cultural city文化遗址 ancient cultural relic天然博物馆 natural open museum风景地貌 natural geomorphology造型地貌 imaginative geomorphologic figuration风景区 scenic spot, scenic area风景名胜 famous scenery, famous scenic site特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs高山风景区 alpine scenic spot海滨风景区 seabeach scenic spot森林风景区 forest scenic spot高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot峡谷风景区 valley scenic spot江河风景区 river landscape district湖泊风景区 lake round scenic spot温泉风景区 hot spring scenic spot瀑布风景区 waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区 region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 封山育林区 region closed for afforestation天池风景区 crater lake scenic spot自然保护区 nature protection area科学保护区 protection area for scientific research天然纪念物 natural monument生物圈保护区 biosphere protection area园林设计园林设计师 landscape architect, garden designer园址测量图 garden site survey map地形图 topographic map, contour map种植设计 planting design园林形式 garden style规整式园林 formal garden style非规整园林 informal garden style几何式园林 geometric garden style自然式园林 natural garden style混合式园林 mixed garden style园林区划 garden area division园林分区规划 garden block planning宅园 home garden台地园 terrace garden冬园 winter garden切花园 cut flower garden屋顶花园 roof garden后花园 back yard garden园林地形改造 topographical reform of garden 土山 earth piled hill, artificial mound假山 rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石 Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 黄石 yellowish brown stone人造假山石 artificial stone, man-made stone 假山石楼梯 rock stairway石亭 stone pavilion石洞 stone cavern石窟 grotto置石 stone arrangement, stone layout拱石 arch stone拱顶石 key stone园林水景 water scenes of garden水体 water body水面 water surface水池 pool水塘 pond喷泉 fountain喷水池 fountain pool涉水池 wading pool倒影池 mirror pool, reflecting pool睡莲池 water-lily pool隐头喷泉 secret fountain岛园 Island garden半岛园 peninsula garden小岛 isle瀑布 waterfall小瀑布 cascade湖 lake水帘洞 water curtain cave园桥 garden bridge拱桥 arch bridge石板桥 stone slab bridge木板桥 plank bridge圆木桥 log bridge亭桥 pavilion bridge曲桥 zigzag bridge壁泉 wall fountain饮水喷头 drinking fountain植物配植 plant arrangement树木配植 arrangement of trees and shrubs 群植 group planting, mass planting孤植 specimen planting, isolated planting 丛植 clump planting组植 group planting林植 forest planting列植 linear planting对植 opposite planting, coupled planting 环植 circular planting带植 belt planting散植 scattered planting, loose planting边缘种植 edge planting边界种植 boundary planting整形种植 architectural planting基础种植 foundation planting角隅种植 corner planting景框种植 planting as enframent门卫种植 guard planting篱恒种植 fence planting障景种植 screen planting背景种植 background planting林下种植 underwood planting路边种植 roadside planting园景树 specimen tree风景林 amenity forest, ornamental forest 行道树 avenue tree, street tree高篱 high hedge沟中边篱 hah-hah fence图案矮篱 pattern dwarf hedge迷宫绿篱 labyrinth hedge整剪绿篱 clipped hedge自然式花篱 natural flowering hedge边篱 boundary fence园篱 garden fence, garden hedge纯林 pure forest混交林 mixed forest林间隙地 open space in woodland杂木林 spinney树冠覆盖面 tree canopy草坪 lawn整形草坪 formal lawn开花草坪 flowering lawn牧场草坪 meadowy land花坛 flower bed路边花坛 roadside flower bed带状花坛 ribbon flower bed时钟花坛 flower clock盆栽花坛 potted flower bed, basined flower bed高设花台 raised flower bed毛毡花坛 carpet bed镶嵌花坛 mosaic bed铺石花坛 paved bed灌木花坛 shrub bed图案花坛群 parterre草药花坛 herbaceous flower bed花结花坛 knot bed整形花坛 formal flower bed灌木花境 shrub border混合花境 mixed border园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design 漫步路 trail, footway林荫路 mall林荫大道 boulevard花园路 parkway林间小道 path in woodland种植池 planting bed传统园林建筑 traditional garden building凉亭summer shelter活树亭arbor, tent arbor蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion茅亭thatched pavilion竹亭bamboo pavilion茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk扶手栏杆 handrail坐凳栏杆 seat rail石碑 stone tablet, stele园林露天剧场 open garden theater园林露天舞池 open garden dancing place露天音乐台 outdoor music stand园林小品 small garden ornaments磁砖壁画 painted tile mural tablet园椅garden chair, garden seat园凳garden bench园桌garden table园灯garden lamp日规sundial鸟浴bird bath鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box鸟笼bird cage, bird coop悬篮hanging basket树棚living-tree pergola花架pergola园林施工 garden layout, garden construction种植工程 planting engineering观赏树木 ornamental tree and shrub观叶植物 foliage plant观果植物 fruit-effect plant观枝干植物 plants with ornamental trunks and branches 指示植物 indicating plant主景植物 accent plant耐湿植物 damp tolerant plant抗风植物 wind-resistant plant耐盐碱植物 saline-alkali tolerant plant市花city flower市树国花national flower国树national tree芳香植物 fragrant plant抗污染植物 pollution resistant plant环保植物 environment protecting plant高山植物 alpine plant岩生植物 rock plant攀缘植物 climbing plant, climber地被植物 ground cover plant阴生植物 shade plant装饰植物 decorative plant装缘植物 edging plant绿蓠植物 hedge plant草坪植物 lawn plant, lawn grass花坛植物 bedding plant球根植物 bulbous plant宿根植物 perennial plant, perennial水生植物 aquatic plant, hydrophyte旱生植物 xerophyte沼泽植物 bog plant, swamp plant室内装饰植物 indoor decorative plant, house plant 切花 cut flower垂枝植物 pendulous plant, weeping plant缠绕植物 twiner, twinning plant针叶植物 needle-leaved plant阔叶植物 broad-leaved plant斑叶植物 variegate-leaved plant松柏植物 conifer常绿植物 evergreen plant半常绿植物 semi-evergreen plant不耐寒植物 tender plant半耐寒植物 half-hardy plant耐寒植物 hardy plant耐旱植物 drought enduring plant山石材料 stone material昆山石 Kunshan stone钟乳石stalactite灵壁石Lingbi stone英德石 Yingde stoneQing stone宣石Xuan stone房山石Fangshan stone观赏动物 ornamental animal观赏鸟类 ornamental bird观赏兽类 ornamental beast观赏昆虫类 ornamental insect园林机具设备园林机械 garden machine园林工具 garden instrument, garden implement园林设备 garden equipment花坛分界隔板 plastic bed divider种植容器 planting container圆木桩log peg喷射装置 jet bubbler滴灌 trickle irrigator, drip irrigator环动喷灌器 circle sprinkler圆筒喷灌器 rotor sprinkler自控器 automatic controller管端喷灌器 hose end sprinkler固定喷灌器 stationary sprinkler喷雾喷灌器 mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler喷灌覆盖面 sprinkler coverage草坪加肥器 lawn feeder施肥喷灌器 combined feeder and sprinkler液肥混合调配器 liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner 滴水喷头 emitter, dripper水土保持塑料网 erosion control plastic net苗木包装材料nursery stock package material麻布袋burlap bag铁丝篮wire basket篮状种植器 basket container塑料苗木桶 plastic nurserican播种盘seed tray网孔盆mesh pot含肥泥炭盆 fertile peat pot盆栽机potting machine换盆机repotting machine再生纸种植器 reclaimed paper container纤维育苗器 wood fiber plant grower泥炭压制播种饼 peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter 松土除草机 cultivator旋转锄 rotary hoe切叶机 foliage cutter翻地犁 uncovering plough盖土机 mounted spreader前悬装土机 front mounted loader后缀装土机 rear mounted loader旋轴剪草机 spindle mower栽植机 planting machine植物覆盖 plant mulching覆盖物分散机 mulch spreader种子液肥喷洒机 hydro seeder修枝剪 pruning shear播种器 garden seeder球根种植器 bulb planter土壤酸度探测器 pH-value computer巴效分析器 fertilizer analyzer嫁接刀grafting knife温室设备 greenhouse equipment盆栽灌水系统 pot watering system温室气候控制器 greenhouse climate controller温室覆盖 greenhouse covering喷雾自控系统 automatic mist control system二氧化碳发生器 C02 generator温度报警钟 temperature alarm游览车park sightseeing bus引剪草机 lawn mower动力剪草机 power lawnmower畜力剪草机 horse lawnmower手推剪草机 hand lawnmower游人调查 visitors investigation游人统计 visitors statistics游人分析 garden visitors analysis游人管理 visitors management导游图tourist map导游解说 tour description and direction劳动管理 labour management物资管理 material handling, goods handling设备管理 equipment management, facility management财务管理 financial management安全管理 safety management环境监测 environmental monitor植物养护管理 plant maintenance and management园林技术管理 garden technical management质量管理 quality management园貌维修 garden feature maintenance植物整形修剪 plant trimming and pruning植物病虫防治 disease and insect control园林管理规划 management plan游人意见处理 treatment of visitors opinions游人规则 visitors regulation园内交通管理 traffic control in park园外交通管理 traffic control out of park entrance汽车停车规则 parking rules自行车停放规则 bicycle parking rules开放时间 opening time日常清洁卫生管理 daily sanitation and hygiene management 人类生态环境 human ecological environment自然系统 natural system自然资源 natural resource自然保护 conservation of nature自然保存 natural preservation环境保护 environmental protection环境容量 environment capacity环境适宜性 environment fitness环境空气质量标准 ambient air quality共生symbiosis互惠共生 mutualism公害public nuisance生态绝灭 ecological extinction生态系统 ecosystem生态圈ecosphere生态灾难 ecological disaster环境质量 environmental quality环境压力 environment stress生命维持系统 life-support system反馈系统 feedback system自养生物 autotroph异养生物 heterotroph食物链foodchain生物圈biosphere濒危植物 endangered plant, threatened plant主体群落 major community人工群落 artificial community绿色革命 green revolution户外娱乐资源 outdoor recreation resource原始环境系统 wilderness environment system 近代环境系统 modern environment system乡村生活模式 country life-pattern烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution雾害fog pollution霜害frost injury水污染water pollution土壤污染 soil pollution, soil contamination园林小气候 garden microclimate环境保护植物 environmental conservation plant 引气候调节 climatic regulation自动调节机能 homeostasis生态平衡 ecological homeostasis森林生态系统 forest ecosystem草原生态系统 prairie ecosystem滞尘植物 dust holding plant。

《园林专业英语》课程大纲一、课程概述课程名称（中文）：园林专业英语（英文）：Professional English for Landscape Architecture 课程编号：14351068课程学分：3学分课程总学时：48学时课程性质：专业课二、课程内容简介专业英语是园林专业学生在进行专业课学习的同时学习的一门课程。

课程旨在指导学生阅读有关园林专业的英语书刊、文选和论文等，使其掌握一定的专业英语词汇、了解科技英语的写作格式，获取专业所需要的信息，进一步提高阅读专业英语文献的能力。

本课程主要内容为：专业阅读和翻译以及科技写作。

专业阅读完成由基础阶段向应用性阅读的过渡，内容以园林方面的科技专著为主，兼顾植物保护、城市规划、生态学等相关方面的文献选读等。

三、教学目标与要求专业英语基于大学英语和风景园林基本原理学习的基础开设，是一门具有双重目的的课程。

一方面，通过对专业文章的阅读，了解专业英语与大学英语的不同，从专业英语词汇、表达方式等方面掌握专业英语阅读的基本能力；另一方面，通过所选用的专业英语文章，了解国内外风景园林方面的基本理论和最新发展动态，从而掌握阅读英语原文资料的能力，学习相关专业理论知识、拓宽专业视野。

学生通过本课程的学习，能够掌握专业英语书刊的阅读技巧，阅读国外相关的专业文献；了解文献检索的知识和方法，以掌握国内外本专业发展前沿的最新动态；培养用英语进行学术交流和具备一定的科技英语写作的能力。

四、教学内容与学时安排绪论（2学时）1. 教学目的与要求：了解专业英语的特点，掌握一些翻译技巧以及前后缀的使用。

了解园林专业的英语称谓的变化。

2. 教学重点与难点：前后缀的使用及意义Unit 1 What is landscape architectue （4学时）1. 教学目的与要求：学习以美国为主的北美景观设计发展历史，了解现代景观设计实践中不同的研究领域。

展开景观设计师职业的英语讨论。

教师教案( 2007—2008学年第一学期 )课程名称：专业外语授课学时：48授课班级：园林艺术设计051、052、053任课教师：XXX浙江林学院园林学院课程名称专业外语年级05级课程编号(2007-2008-2)-040023005-0402006-1授课专业班级园林051，052修课人数必修课学科基础课 ( ) ；专业基础课 ( ) ；专业课 ( )课程类型选修课专选课 (√ ) ；公选课 ( )授课方式理论课 (√) ；实践课 ()考核方式考试 ( )考查 (√ )课程教学总学时数学时40学分 2.5学时分配课堂讲授 40 学时（含学生发言讨论）教材名称自编教材《园林专业英语》王欣浙江林学院园林学院2006教学参考书Landscape rchitectureDesign on the Land《西方现代景观设计的理论和实践》，，LandscapeArchitectureJohn O.SimondsNormanT.Newton王向荣林箐ASLAMcGraw-HillThe Belknap Pressof HarvardUniversity Press中国建筑工业出版社期刊199719712001授课教师王欣职称副教授学科风景园林规划与设授课时间学3102（星期二上午1~2节）,学6201（星期三上午3～4节）周次第一周 2008年2月25日2007年3月2日教学时数4章节1、Introduction：Landscape Architect Harmony with the Living Earth教学目的及要求1、让学生了解本课学习内容和范围2、介绍学习方法3、Harmony with the Living Earth教学重点与难点重点：西方Landscape Architect专业的工作范围难点：个别句子教学手段及教学方法讲课、提问多媒体教学作业复习和预习，寻找相关网络资源分组，5人一组，自愿原则。

1999年2月 W o rld Fo restry R esearch Feb.1999问题探讨略论Landscape一词释义与翻译α黄清平 王晓俊　(福建三明市园林管理处,三明市365000)　(南京林业大学风景园林系,南京210037)摘要　英文L andscape是园林专业中重要的、同时又是多义的词汇,国内对与之相关的一些术语的理解和翻译上存在一些分歧。

论述了该词的词源、词义的演变和拓展以及涉及的概念,并对L andscape在园林中的译法以及几个重要专业术语的翻译做了初步的探讨。

关键词　Landscape　词义　术语　翻译英文L andscape是园林专业中一个基本的词汇,与之相关的一些词,例如L andscape A rch itecture、L andscape P lanning和L andscape D esign等均为本专业重要的专业术语。

国内对这些词汇,尤其是学科名词L andscape A rch itecture的理解与翻译存在一些分歧,其中部分原因就与对landscape一词的认识与翻译有关。

从大多数英汉词典中查到的landscape词条译义基本上是“风景”或“景色”,偶尔也有“地形”、“景观”等词义;专业词典的释义大部分与地理的景观概念或风景画有关。

为了更好地理解园林专业中这一重要而又基本的英文词汇,本文将对该词的产生、变化与翻译以及相关专业术语的译法等几方面内容做些初步的探讨。

1　L andscap e的词源与词形变化古英语中的L andsci pe、L andsk i pe和L andscaef等表示地域或乡间,后来逐渐被废弃了,其古日尔曼语系的同源词(古高地德语L antscaf、古挪威语L andskap r以及中古荷兰语L andscap等)表示的含义也相近。

瑞典语中的L andskap是历史上行政区划分的单位(省),至今仍使用[14];现代德语L andschaft仍常被用来表示地区或区域,有时也表示较小的行政区划单位[2]。

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Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计） Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程 Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科学与技术 Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程 Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学 Environmental Science环境工程 Environmental Engineering生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学 Agriculture作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and ReproductionScience动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等） The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating 水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学） Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学） Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery) 妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine 药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学） Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学） Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学） Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science.. .. .. ..参考.资料。