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练习1 美国印象☐我恐怕不能把美国描绘成十足的天堂——从一般角度来说，也许我对这个国家所知甚少。
我说不出它的经度或纬度；我算不出它出产谷物的价值；我对它的政治也不十分熟悉。
这些东西可能不会使你感兴趣，它们当然也不会让我感兴趣。
☐在美国上岸后得到的第一个深刻印象，就是美国人可能算不上世界上穿得最漂亮的，但却是穿得最舒服的。
那里看得到男人头戴着不堪入目的烟囱式高顶礼帽，但很少有不戴帽子的男人；还看到穿着难看至极的燕尾服的男人，但很少有不穿外套的男人。
美国人的穿戴显得舒适，这和在我国常可以看到的人们衣衫褴褛的情形形成了鲜明的对比。
☐我特别注意到的第二个特点是，似乎每个人都在急着赶火车。
这种情形对诗歌和浪漫爱情是不利的。
要是罗密欧和朱丽叶老是为乘火车而担心，或是在为返城车票而烦恼，莎士比亚就不可能写出那几幕如此富有诗意与伤感情调的阳台戏了。
☐美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。
在早晨，不是夜莺的歌声，而是汽笛的呜叫把人们唤醒。
美国人讲求实际的头脑这么健全，却没有想到要降低这种令人难以忍受的噪音，真叫人吃惊。
所有艺术都依赖于精细微妙的敏锐感觉，这样持续不断的喧嚣，最终一定会损害人的音乐天赋。
☐美国城市没有牛津、剑桥、索尔兹伯里和温彻斯特那么美丽，那些地方有优雅时代的美好遗迹；虽然不时还是可以看到许多美的东西，但只能在美国人没有存心创造美的地方。
在美国人有意创造美的地方，他们显然没有成功。
美国人的突出特点，便是他们把科学应用于现代生活的那种态度。
☐在纽约走马观花地一走，这一点就一目了然了。
在英国人们常把发明家视作狂人，发明带来的是失望与穷困的例子简直不胜枚举。
在美国发明家受到尊重，他随时可以得到人们的帮助。
在那里心灵手巧、把科技应用于人类的劳动，是致富的捷径。
没有一个国家比美国更爱机器的了。
☐或许，值得指出的是，被许多人指为美国式英语的其实是老的英国式表达，它们在我国已经消失，却在我们的殖民地里留存下来。
许多人以为美国人常说的“I guess”（“我猜”）纯粹是一种美国式表达，但约翰∙洛克在他的The understanding (《理解论》）中就用过这种说法，就像我们现在使用“I think”（“我想”）一样。
英语作文汉译英翻译英文回答：As a native English speaker and professional writerwith extensive experience in academic writing, I amconfident in my ability to provide you with a high-quality, well-researched essay in English that meets your specific requirements.Throughout my academic and professional career, I have consistently exceeded expectations in various writing tasks, including essays, research papers, and dissertations. I possess a deep understanding of academic writing conventions, grammar, and syntax, and I am proficient in using a wide range of academic writing styles.Moreover, I am well-versed in different disciplines, including the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. This broad knowledge base enables me toeffectively handle complex topics and write essays that areboth informative and engaging.Additionally, I am highly proficient in using research tools and databases to gather relevant information and support my arguments with credible sources. I am also skilled at synthesizing information from multiple sources and presenting it in a clear and concise manner.Examples of my previous work include:A research paper on the impact of social media on political discourse, which was published in a peer-reviewed academic journal.An essay on the ethical implications of artificial intelligence, which won a writing competition at a prestigious university.A dissertation on the history of the American civil rights movement, which received high praise from my dissertation committee.I am confident that I can provide you with an essaythat is well-written, well-researched, and tailored to your specific needs. I am available to start working on your essay immediately and can deliver it within your desired timeframe.中文回答：作为一个以英语为母语的专业作家，在学术写作方面拥有丰富的经验，我自信能够为您提供高质量、经过充分研究的英语文章，以满足您的具体要求。
从翻译实例看英汉对比翻译、英语原文赏析So far as my small experience goes，the most wonderfularrival in the world is at Venice ； but you should time itafter dark.Venice is so unlike anything else on earth thatthe first impact of it must be a marvelous experienceatany hour ；but after dark it is magical.You may have been reading books about Venice all your life ；you may have seen innumerable pictures of the glories of the city ；but no book and no picture can prepare you for the enchantment of thisarrival.To step out of the glitter and bustleof thestation — rather weary and jaded with the long journey fromMila n — straight on to the landing stage aga instwhich thewater of the Grand Canal is lapping ， to step on boardagondola and to go gliding down the dark ，broad ，silent highway，with dim-lit ，ghostly palaces on either handnot till memory forsakes you will you forgetthisexperience.The strange silence ，broken only by the measureddip of the oar and the soft plashing of the wateragainstyour cleaving prow ，and the occasional hoarsecries of the gondoliers as you pass another of these black ，funeralbarges ；the few and feeble lamps ，giving you momentaryglimpses of balconies and finely carven arches ；the suddenintensification of the silence and the darkness asyouabruptly leave the Grand Canal and slip along one ofthenarrower waterways ，always with tall houses on both sidesof you， and above you a clear sky of stars ， stars reflectedtremblingly on the black waters —thousa nds of touristsmust have tried to describe all this ， but the magic and the mystery and the beauty of it defy humanspeech.And the spellis heightened by the consciousness that this isVenicat the back of your mind is all that you have readaboutthe strange history of this city ，once the richest and mostbrilliant and most powerful in Europe ，later fallen uponevil days of decay and subjection to a foreinpower，now beginning to lift her head again as one of thegreatseaports ofItaly.二、译文（英译汉）在有限的阅历当中，我所到过的世界上最美丽的地方要数威尼斯了，但是，你应该选择在夜幕降临以后再去参观。
英译汉常出现的问题英译汉，不论是在教学的过程中还是在实际翻译的过程当中，不少人只求译文的“忠实、通顺”而忽视译文的“雅”。
那么，忠实通顺的译文是否就是地道的、自然的、合乎汉语习惯的译文呢？这祥的译文是否就是完美的译文呢？有许多忠实通顺的译文，却不地道，不自然。
现将常出现的问题举例结构不合理，句子不自然（1）There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。
译文主语的定语长，使得整个句子头重脚轻。
试译为：全世界人将在社会主义的阳光下过幸福的生活，这一天是一定会来到的。
（2）The sun，which had hidden all day，now came out in all its splendor.那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
原文里的定语从句，是补叙性的，译成汉语，不一定放在被修饰名词之前。
原文没有“又”这个意思，应去掉。
试译为：太阳一整天都躲在云里，现在出来了，光芒四射。
（3）I had experienced oxygen and／or engine trouble.我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或二者都出故障。
“我曾碰到过”，句子突然中止，好象无宾语，但实际上宾语却是很长的三个分句，这不合乎汉语表达习惯。
可在“碰到过”后加上“这种现象”或将宾语提前。
试译为：不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或者它们都出故障，这些我都碰到过。
（4）Captured documents which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner-of-war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially.我们从经由这个走廊进来的人身上缴获的文件，加上近几个月从战俘那里得到的口供，使人们相信，渗透的规模确实扩大了。
1. A monument was built to commemorate the victory.记念碑是为了记念胜利而建的.人间正道8纪念碑为铭记胜利而建。
种竹成林2. The children huddled together for warmth.孩子们暖和暖和挤成一团。
种竹成林3. Censure is sometimes harder to bear than punishment.责难有时比责罚还难以忍受。
种竹成林4. The new vaccine eradicated all traces of the disease within three months.新疫苗在3个月内彻底根出了这种疾病。
种竹成林5. The barbarians defiled the church by using it as a stable.蛮夷之人把教堂当作畜生圈，使其受到玷污。
种竹成林6. The pregnant woman has an enlarged abdomen.孕妇大腹偏偏。
种竹成林7. The lost hikers were bereft of hope when the rescue plane did not see them.营救飞机没有发现迷路的徒行者，他们绝望之极了。
种竹成林8. The children were bereaved by the death of their parents.孩子失去了双亲。
种竹成林9. This battlefield is consecrated to the memory of the soldiers who died here.这个战场纪念那些英勇牺牲在此的战士。
种竹成林因为缅怀那些牺牲的战士，人们对这个战场充满了敬意。
残阳犹念桥上人10. A good joke does not necessarily evoke a hearty laugh.极品笑话未必哄然大笑。
英译汉疑难句法及文章译例摘自钱歌川编著《翻译的技巧》第三编：疑难句法及文章译例，中国对外翻译出版公司，1980，374-402；434-461I．英语疑难句法180句1.I am then never less alone than when alone. (W. Hazlitt)2. Nobody will be the wiser.Cf. none the wiser = no wiser than before = as wise as before谁也不懂。
谁也不明白。
3. The OED is the final court of appealin all matters concerning English words.4. Don’t you see the writing on thewall?5.Truth lies at the bottom of thedecanter.酒后吐真言。
6.Don’t tell him home truths.不要告诉他逆耳的真相。
7. This will go a long way inovercoming the difficulty.（will be helpful）8. He has a yellow streak in him.他有胆小的气质。
9.One or two of the jewels wouldnever be missed.少一两粒珠宝是不会察觉的。
10. I know he meant business.我知道他不是开玩笑的。
11. This failure was the making of him. 这次失败是他成功的基础。
这次失败成就了他。
For example:University was the making of Joe.大学造就了乔伊。
12.He has never recovered her loss.13. I could do with more leisure time. 要是再多一些闲暇时间就好了。
14. She is now in a delicate condition.C.f. She is expecting.她怀孕了。
15.The lecturer carried his audience with him。
演讲者的演讲博得全场喝彩。
16.General Smith and my father are on first name basis.史密斯将军和我父亲的关系好得可以直呼其名。
17.The grey mare is the better horse. 牝鸡司晨。
18. How much did you have to pay down on the car?买那辆车你首付给了多少钱？19.Rich and poor were sitting cheek by jowl in the audience.富人和穷人并肩坐着听讲。
20.Keep you chin up.不要失去勇气。
打起精神来。
21. The wind blows south.风从南边吹来。
Blow 从···方向来Cf. The river flows south.Flow 朝···方向去22.There was no living in the island.此岛不能住人/居住。
23.A drowning man catches at a straw. 一个将淹死的人哪怕是一根稻草也会去抓。
24.It was not that he had plenty of money.那并不是因为他有很多钱。
25.The cavalry were well mounted.骑兵装备精良。
26.He wanted to go to sea。
他想去当水手。
27.She is careless of her dress.她不爱惜她的衣服。
28.None is so deaf as those that won’t hear.。
没有人比不想听的人更聋了。
29. You must make good any loss.30. Those apples are good and ripe.那些苹果熟透了。
31. The smoke betrayed where the dwelling lay.炊烟起处有人家。
Cf. His behavior betrayed his intention.His mistakes betrayed his lack of education.32.Curses come home to roost.害人终害己。
33.He is brave like anything.他齐勇无比。
Cf. She is as beautiful as beautiful can be.34.It is said that his days are numbered.据说他快死了。
35. It is time he began to work.36. He was lost in admiration.他不胜赞赏。
37.He was strong in his time.他年轻的时候很强壮/健康。
Cf. in one’s age38. He may be drowned for all I care.39. There is no love lost between them. 他们之间丝毫没有感情。
40.He had words with her.我和她吵架了。
41. He was laid up for a few days.42. He took my advice in good part.他欣然采纳了我的意见。
Cf. in bad/ill partProf. A will meet his class tomorrow morning.Prof. A will meet his lass tomorrow morning.Prof. A will meet his ass tomorrow morning.Oh, how nice if you were here. Oh, how nice if you were her.43.It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.智者千虑，必有一失。
44.We parted the best friends.分手时我们是最好的朋友。
45.Twenty failed, myself among the rest.46. I am in his debt.我借了他的钱。
47.He is dead, as I live.他的的确确死了。
Cf. as I am here, as the sun shines, as you stand here, as my nose is on my face48. She made him a good husband because she made him a good wife. 49. His picture does credit to a professional.50. I am staying with a friend.我住在一个朋友家。
51.They made an example of the boy.他们惩罚那个男孩已儆他人。
52. We found them at table.我们看见他们在用餐。
53.I will make myself obeyed.我说过的话我将会恪守。
54. But for hope, life would be short.55. He is ignorant to a proverb.他的无知是出了名的。
56.The man was generous to a fault.57.I have no opinion of that sort of man.我对那种人没有什么好感。
58. He will finish it in no time.59. I have a long letter in hand.我生在写一封长信。
60.He thought all his own that she had. 他认为她拥有的一切都是他给的。
61.He is equal to any task whatever.他能胜任任何职位。
62. He has to answer to me for the letter.63. They did not answer to your explanation.那些与你的解释并不相符。
64.The officer was broken for neglect of duty.那位军官因玩忽职守而受到降级处分。
65.They were killed to a man.他们被杀得片甲不留。
66.The village is on the side of the mountain.那个村庄在山腰。
67.He was at once a soldier and writer. 他是一名士兵也是一位作家。
68.She can play on the piano after a fashion.她会弹钢琴，但是马马虎虎。
69. He was worn out with company.He is fond of company.Thank you for your company.70. Take this as an earnest of what is to come.71. It is the man behind the gun that tells.Every shot tells.Years begin to tell upon him.72.He never calls a spade a spade.他从不直话直说。
他从不说真话。
73. The proper study of mankind is man. (A. Pope)74. The Child is father of the Man. (W. Wordsworth)75. Every time he snickers, he sprayshis audience, like a Chinese laundryman.76. That picture flatters her.那幅画比她真人美。
77. He flatters himself that he speaksEnglish as well as an Englishman. 他自以为他的法语说得和法国人一样好了。
