经济学原理对应练习
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《经济学原理》习题(附答案)1、下列哪一种弹性是度量沿着需求曲线的移动而不是曲线本身的移动()。
A、需求的价格弹性B、需求的收入弹性C、需求的预期价格弹性D、需求的交叉弹性答案:A2、总利润达到最大是在( )。
A、TR=TC 处B、TR 曲线和 TC 曲线斜率平行C、TR 曲线和 TC 曲线斜率平行且 TC 超过 TR 处D、TR 曲线和 TC 曲线斜率平行,且 TR 超过 TC 处答案:D3、在下面各种情况下,厂商不能够实现生产要素最优组合的是()。
A、在某点的要素的边际技术替代率等于要素价格之比B、在扩展线上任何一点扩大生产时C、两种要素的价格之比等于两种要素的边际产量之比D、等成本线与某一条等产量线的相交点答案:D4、生产者预期某物品未来价格要下降,则对该物品当前的供给会()。
A、增加B、不变C、减少D、上述三种情况都可能答案:A5、在统计中,社会保险税增加对( )项有影响。
A、国民收入NIB、国内生产总值GDPC、个人收入PID、国内生产净值NDP答案:C6、如果厂商在短期内供应量既定,则该商品的价格()。
A、仅由市场需求曲线决定B、仅由市场供给曲线决定C、由市场需求曲线和供给曲线共同决定D、以上任一条都不能决定答案:A7、按国民收入核算体系,在一个只有家庭、企业和政府构成的三部门经济中,一定有( )。
A、家庭储蓄加折旧等于总投资加政府购买支出B、家庭储蓄加税收等于总投资加政府购买支出C、家庭储蓄等于总投资D、家庭储蓄等于净投资答案:B8、微观经济学是经济学的一个分支,主要研究()。
A、市场经济B、个体行为C、总体经济活动D、失业和通货膨胀等答案:B9、劳动(L)的总产量下降时()。
A、MPL为负B、APL是递增的C、APL为零D、MPL为零答案:A10、基数效用与序数效用的主要差别在于两种商品的( )。
A、边际替代率是否不变B、边际替代率是否递增C、效用是否可加D、边际替代率是否递减答案:C11、稀缺资源的含义是指()。
经济学原理练习题与参考答案1. 经济学的基本问题不包括以下哪一项?A. 生产什么B. 如何生产C. 为谁生产D. 如何分配答案:D2. 下列哪项不属于经济资源?A. 劳动力B. 土地C. 资本D. 知识答案:D3. 下列哪项属于宏观经济学的分析对象?A. 家庭如何选择不同产品的消费需求B. 不同市场结构下,企业如何制定价格C. 通货膨胀与货币量之间的关系D. 税收政策如何影响某种商品的市场均衡答案:C4. 机会成本是指放弃其他选择而选择当前选择的成本,以下哪项不属于机会成本?A. 选择了出国学习,放弃了在国内就业的机会B. 选择了购买一辆新车,放弃了购买一辆二手车的机会C. 选择了参加培训课程,放弃了休息的机会D. 选择了购买股票,放弃了购买债券的机会答案:C5. 下列哪项属于微观经济学的分析对象?A. 通货膨胀与货币量之间的关系B. 家庭如何选择不同产品的消费需求C. 不同市场结构下,企业如何制定价格D. 税收政策如何影响某种商品的市场均衡答案:B二、多项选择题1. 经济学的研究方法主要包括以下哪些?A. 历史分析法B. 比较分析法C. 实证分析法D. 演绎分析法答案:A、B、C、D2. 下列哪些因素会影响商品的需求量?A. 价格B. 收入C. 替代品价格D. 消费者偏好答案:A、B、C、D3. 下列哪些因素会影响商品的供给量?A. 价格B. 投入品价格C. 生产技术D. 生产者预期答案:A、B、C、D4. 下列哪些属于经济政策?A. 货币政策B. 财政政策C. 产业政策D. 消费政策答案:A、B、C5. 下列哪些属于市场经济的基本特征?A. 竞争B. 自由C. 私有D. 法治答案:A、B、C、D三、简答题1. 简述经济学的基本假设。
答案:经济学的基本假设包括:(1)理性人假设:人们在进行经济决策时,会追求自身利益最大化。
(2)完全信息假设:市场参与者拥有完全的信息。
(3)完全竞争假设:市场中存在大量买家和卖家,商品和要素可以自由流动。
经济学原理试题库+答案一、单项选择题1. 以下哪个因素不是影响供给的因素?A. 生产成本B. 技术水平C. 政策因素D. 消费者偏好答案:D2. 某商品的价格为10元,供给量为100个。
若价格上涨到12元,供给量增加到120个。
则该商品的供给弹性为?A. 弹性供给B. 无弹性供给C. 单位弹性供给D. 无供给答案:A3. 以下哪个经济模型是研究单个市场中供给和需求关系的?A. 一般均衡模型B. 局部均衡模型C. 动态均衡模型D. 多元均衡模型答案:B4. 以下哪个概念描述了商品价格上升时,消费者购买量减少的现象?A. 需求饱和B. 需求曲线斜率C. 需求变动D. 边际效用递减答案:D5. 某商品的价格为20元,消费者购买量为10个。
若价格下降到15元,消费者购买量增加到12个。
则该商品的需求弹性为?A. 弹性需求B. 无弹性需求C. 单位弹性需求D. 无需求答案:A6. 以下哪个因素不是影响需求的因素?A. 商品价格B. 消费者收入C. 相关商品价格D. 消费者偏好答案:A7. 下列哪个市场结构中,企业数量最多?A. 完全竞争市场B. 垄断市场C. 寡头垄断市场D. 完全垄断市场答案:A8. 以下哪个概念描述了市场中企业数量较多,产品同质化的市场结构?A. 完全竞争市场B. 垄断市场C. 寡头垄断市场D. 完全垄断市场答案:A9. 以下哪个因素不是导致垄断市场形成的原因?A. 资源独占B. 技术优势C. 政府政策D. 企业兼并答案:D10. 以下哪个概念描述了市场中只有一个企业供应商品或服务的情况?A. 完全竞争市场B. 垄断市场C. 寡头垄断市场D. 完全垄断市场答案:D二、多项选择题1. 影响供给的因素包括:A. 生产成本B. 技术水平C. 政策因素D. 消费者偏好答案:ABC2. 以下哪些属于需求曲线的斜率特征?A. 价格上升,需求量下降B. 价格下降,需求量上升C. 需求曲线斜率为负D. 需求曲线斜率为正答案:ABC3. 以下哪些属于完全竞争市场的特征?A. 大量企业存在B. 产品同质化C. 企业可以自由进入或退出市场D. 企业之间存在价格竞争答案:ABCD4. 以下哪些属于导致寡头垄断市场形成的原因?A. 资源独占B. 技术优势C. 政府政策D. 企业兼并答案:ABC三、简答题1. 请简述供给和需求的关系。
经济学原理练习题库及参考答案一、单选题(共62题,每题1分,共62分)1.如果投资增加150亿元,MPC为0.8,那么收入水平将增加()。
A、150 亿元B、600 亿元C、750 亿元D、450亿元正确答案:C2.下面不属于政府购买的项目的是()。
A、政府为低收入家庭提供住房补贴B、政府从国外购买一批武器C、政府给公务员发放工资D、政府用财政资金建设三所中学正确答案:A3.在通货膨胀减少一个百分点的过程中每年产量损失的百分点数被称之为()。
A、损失率B、亏损率C、痛苦率D、牺牲率正确答案:D4.一般情况下,商品的需求量与其价格呈反方向变动,这是因为()。
A、收入效应的作用B、替代效应的作用C、收入效应与替代效应同时发生作用D、上述答案均不正确正确答案:C5.在经济过热时、政府应该采取()的财政政策()。
A、减少政府财政支出B、增加财政支出C、扩大财政赤字D、减少税收正确答案:A6.在规模经济作用下长期成本曲线呈()A、不变B、下降趋势C、上升趋势D、不确定正确答案:B7.如果汇率的1美元变动能买到更多的外国通货,那么这种变动称为美元()。
A、升值B、升值的压力C、贬值的压力D、贬值正确答案:A8.储户可以简单地通过开支票而随时支取的银行账户余额叫做()。
A、通货B、存款C、活期存款D、定期存款正确答案:C9.()指政府决策对政府支出和税收水平的确定。
A、财政政策B、税收政策C、支出政策D、货币政策正确答案:A10.短期总供给曲线表明()。
A、总供给与价格水平反方向变动B、总需求与价格水平反方向变动C、总需求与价格水平同方向变动D、总供给与价格水平同方向变动正确答案:D11.乘数发挥作用的前提条件是()。
A、总需求大于总供给B、总需求小于总供给C、总需求大于潜在GDPD、总需求小于潜在GDP正确答案:D12.其他条件不变,不会使国民收入提高的是()。
A、政府国防开支增加B、个人计算机出口增加C、消费者娱乐支出增加D、公众购买的债券的增加正确答案:D13.下面表述哪一个是正确的()。
经济学原理对应练习10Chapter 10ExternalitiesMultiple Choice1. In a market economy, government interventiona. will always improve market outcomes.b. reduces efficiency in the presence of externalities.c. may improve market outcomes in the presence of externalities.d. is necessary to control individual greed.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative2. In the absence of externalities, the "invisible hand" leads a market to maximizea. producer profit from that market.b. total benefit to society from that market.c. both equity and efficiency in that market.d. output of goods or services in that market.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative3. One advantage market economies have over other types of economies is that market economiesa. provide an equal distribution of goods and services to consumers.b. establish government economic control.c. solve the problem of scarcity.d. are more efficient.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative4. The term market failure refers toa. a market that fails to allocate resources efficiently.b. an unsuccessful advertising campaign which reduces demand.c. ruthless competition among firms.d. a firm that is forced out of business because of losses.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional5. Market failure can be caused bya. too much competition.b. externalities.c. low consumer demand.d. scarcity.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive6. An externality is the impact ofa. society's decisions on the well-being of society.b. a person's actions on that person's well-being.c. one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander.d. society's decisions on the poorest person in the society.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional7. The impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander is calleda. an economic dilemma.b. deadweight loss.c. a multi-party problem.d. an externality.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0389390 ?Chapter 10/Externalities8. An externalitya. is a type of market failure.b. causes markets to allocate resources efficiently.c. strengthens the role of the “invisible hand” in the marketplace.d. affects producers but not consumers.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive9. Dog owners do not bear the full cost of the noise their barking dogs create and often take too few precautions to prevent their dogs from barking. Local governments address this problem bya. making it illegal to "disturb the peace."b. having a well-funded animal control department.c. subsidizing local animal shelters.d. encouraging people to adopt cats.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative10. An externality isa. the costs that parties incur in the process of agreeing and following through on a bargain.b. the uncompensated impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander.c. the proposition that private parties can bargain without cost over the allocation of resources.d. a market equilibrium tax.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-011. An externality is an example ofa. a corrective tax.b. a tradable pollution permit.c. a market failure.d. Both a and b are correct.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative12. An externality exists whenevera. the economy can benefit from government intervention.b. markets are not able to reach equilibrium.c. a firm sells its product in a foreign market.d. a person engages in an activity that influences the well-being of a bystander and yet neither pays nor receives payment for that effect.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional13. When externalities are present in a market, the well-being of market participantsa. and market bystanders are both directly affected.b. and market bystanders are both indirectly affected.c. is directly affected, and market bystanders are indirectly affected.d. is indirectly affected, and market bystanders are directly affected.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Analytical14. Which of the following statements about a well-maintained yard best conveys the general nature of theexternality?a. A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the home's market value.b. A well-maintained yard conveys a negative externality because it increases the property tax liability of the owner.c. A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the value of adjacent properties in the neighborhood.d. A well-maintained yard cannot provide any type of externality.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative.15. Since restored historic buildings convey a positive externality, local governments may choose toa. regulation the demolition of them.b. provide tax breaks to owners who restore them.c. increase property taxes in historic areas.d. Both a and b are correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative16. Externalitiesa. cause markets to fail to allocate resources efficiently.b. cause equilibrium prices to be too high.c. benefit producers at the expense of consumers.d. cause equilibrium prices to be too low.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative17. When externalities exist, buyers and sellersa. neglect the external effects of their actions, but the marketequilibrium is still efficient.b. do not neglect the external effects of their actions, and the market equilibrium is efficient.c. neglect the external effects of their actions, and the market equilibrium is not efficient.d. do not neglect the external effects of their actions, and the market equilibrium is not efficient.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative18. Dioxin emission that results from the production of paper is a good example of a negative externality becausea. self-interested paper firms are generally unaware of environmental regulations.b. there are fines for producing too much dioxin.c. self-interested paper producers will not consider the full cost of the dioxin pollution they create.d. toxic emissions are the best example of an externality.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative19. If a paper manufacturer does not bear the entire cost of the dioxin it emits, it willa. emit a lower level of dioxin than is socially efficient.b. emit a higher level of dioxin than is socially efficient.c. emit an acceptable level of dioxin.d. not emit any dioxin in an attempt to avoid paying the entire cost.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative20. One of the Ten Principles of Economics is that "markets are usually a good way to organize market behavior." Thisstatement does not imply which of the following?a. Some markets produce negative externalities.b. The invisible hand of the marketplace does not always lead buyers and sellers to maximize total benefit tosociety.c. Some markets are characterized by market failure.d. Other types of economies are more efficient than market economies.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive21. Which of the following is an example of an externality?a. cigarette smoke that permeates an entire restaurantb. a flu shot that prevents a student from transmitting the virus to her roommatec. a beautiful flower garden outside of the local post officed. All of the above are correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative.392 ?Chapter 10/Externalities22. Which of the following statements is not correct?a. Government policies may improve the market's allocation of resources when negative externalities are present.b. Government policies may improve the market's allocation of resources when positive externalities are present.c. A positive externality is an example of a market failure.d. Without government intervention, the market will tend to undersupply products that produce negativeexternalities.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive23. Which of the following represents a way that a government can help the private market to internalize an externality?a. taxing goods that have negative externalitiesb. subsidizing goods that have positive externalitiesc. The government cannot improve upon the outcomes of private markets.d. Both a and b are correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative24. When externalities are present in a market,a. the market equilibrium maximizes the total benefit to society as a whole.b. participants lose some market benefits to bystanders.c. firms produce too much output.d. the market fails to allocate resources efficiently.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 | 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative25. If an externality is present in a market, economic efficiency may be enhanced bya. increased competition.b. weakening property rights.c. better informed market participants.d. government intervention.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative26. If a sawmill creates too much noise for local residents,a. noise restrictions will force residents to move out of the area.b. a sense of social responsibility will cause owners of the mill to reduce noise levels.c. the government can raise economic well-being through noise-control regulations.d. the government should avoid intervening because the market will allocate resources efficiently.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative27. Private markets fail to account for externalities becausea. externalities don't occur in private markets.b. sellers include costs associated with externalities in the price of their product.c. decisionmakers in the market fail to include the costs of their behavior to third parties.d. the government cannot easily estimate the optimal quantity of pollution.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative28. When the government intervenes in markets with externalities, it does so in order toa. increase production when negative externalities are present.b. protect the interests of bystanders.c. make certain all benefits are received by market participants.d. reduce production when positive externalities are present.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative.29. Research into new technologiesa. provides positive externalities because it creates knowledge others can use.b. results in negative externalities because government funding for research causes less government spending in other areas.c. is protected by patent laws, which eliminates the need for government intervention.d. should only be funded by the corporations that will receive the profits from the research.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative30. At any given quantity, the willingness to pay in the market for gasoline is reflected in thea. height of the demand curve at that quantity.b. height of the supply curve at that quantity.c. value to the producer of the last unit of gasoline sold.d. total quantity of gasoline exchanged in the market.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative31. The supply curve for a product reflects thea. willingness to pay of the marginal buyer.b. quantity buyers will ultimately purchase of the product.c. cost to sellers of producing the product.d. seller's profit from producing the product.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative32. Without government intervention, the market equilibrium for oranges willa. maximize the sum of producer and consumer surplus inthe market.b. be both efficient and equitable.c. be equitable but not efficient.d. be neither efficient nor equitable.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative33. Since air pollution creates a negative externality,a. social welfare will be enhanced when some, but not all air pollution is eliminated.b. social welfare is optimal when all air pollution is eliminated.c. governments should encourage private firms to consider only private costs.d. the free market result maximizes social welfare.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative34. The difference between social cost and private cost is a measure of thea. loss in profit to the seller as the result of a negative externality.b. cost of an externality.c. cost reduction when the negative externality is eliminated.d. cost incurred by the government when it intervenes in the market.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative35. Which of the following statements is correct?a. Government should tax goods with either positive ornegative externalities.b. Government should tax goods with negative externalities and subsidize goods with positive externalities.c. Government should subsidize goods with either positive or negative externalities.d. Government should tax goods with positive externalities and subsidize goods with negative externalities. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative.394 ?Chapter 10/Externalities36. When a market is characterized by an externality, the governmenta. can correct the market failure only in the case of positive externalities.b. can correct the market failure only in the case of negative externalities.c. can correct the market failure in the case of both positive and negative externalities by inducing marketparticipants to internalize the externality.d. cannot correct for externalities due to the existence of patents.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: InterpretiveFigure 10-137. Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. The industry createsa. positive externalities.b. negative externalities.c. no externalities.d. no equilibrium in the market.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative38. Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. Without any government intervention, theequilibrium price and quantity area. $1.90 and 38 units, respectively.b. $1.80 and 35 units, respectively.c. $1.60 and 42 units, respectively.d. $1.35 and 58 units, respectively.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative39. Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. The socially optimal price and quantity area. $1.90 and 38 units, respectively.b. $1.80 and 35 units, respectively.c. $1.60 and 42 units, respectively.d. $1.35 and 58 units, respectively.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative.40. Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. If the government uses a pollution tax, how much of a tax must be imposed on each unit of production?a. $1.90b. $1.80c. $1.60d. $0.30ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 10-3TOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Analytical41. Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. If the government uses a pollution tax, how much tax revenue will the government receive?a. $7.00b. $10.50c. $63.00d. $67.20ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 10-3TOP: Corrective taxes MSC: AnalyticalFigure 10-242. Refer to Figure 10-2. Suppose that the production of soccer balls creates a social cost which is depicted in the graph above. Without any government regulation, how many soccer balls will be produced?a. 3b. 10c. 25d. 50ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Negative externalities MSC: Analytical43. Refer to Figure 10-2. Suppose that the production of soccer balls creates a social cost which is depicted in the graph above. Without any government regulation, what price will the firm charge per soccer ball?a. $3b. $5.50c. $7.50d. $10ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-1TOP: Negative externalities MSC: Analytical.。
《经济学原理》总目录第一篇导论第一章导论第二篇微观经济理论第二章需求、供给与均衡第三章消费者行为理论第四章生产者行为理论第五章产品市场理论第六章生产要素理论第七章微观经济政策第三篇宏观经济理论第八章国民收入的核算与决定理论第九章失业与通货膨胀理论第十章经济周期与经济增长理论第十一章宏观经济政策第十二章开放经济第一章导论一、单项选择1、作为经济学的两个组成部分,微观经济学与宏观经济学是()A.互相对立的B.没有任何联系的C.相互补充的D.部分联系的2、古典经济学家亚当·斯密所谓的“看不见的手”是指()A.技术B.信息C.价格D.行政命令3、经济学研究的基本问题是()A.生产什么B.如何生产C.为谁生产D.以上都是4、资源的稀缺性是指()。
A.世界上的资源最终会由于人们生产更多的物品而消耗光B.相对于人们无穷的欲望而言,资源总是不足的C.生产某种物品所需资源的绝对数量很少D.由于存在资源浪费而产生的稀缺5、微观经济学解决的问题是()。
A.资源配置B.资源利用C.市场出清D.完全理性6、宏观经济学的中心理论是()。
A.失业理论B.通货膨胀理论C.国民收入决定理论D.经济增长理论7、关于实证经济学与规范经济学说法正确的是()A.两者并不是绝对相互排斥的,而应当是相互补充的。
B.规范经济学是以实证经济学为基础,而实证经济学则是以规范经济学作为指导的。
C.一般来说,越是具体的问题,实证的成分越多,而越是高层次的、决策性的问题,就越具有规范性。
D.以上说法都对二、多项选择1、微观经济学的主要内容包括()A.体格决定理论B.消费者行为理论C.生产者行为理论D.市场理论和分配理论等2、宏观经济学的基本内容有()A.宏观经济政策B.经济周期与增长理论C.国民收入决定理论D.失业与通货膨胀理论3、下列关于资源稀缺性的正确的说法有()A.资源稀缺性是相对于欲望的无限性而言的B.地球上的资源本来就少C.资源稀缺性存在于世界各地D.资源稀缺性存在于人类历史的各个时期三、判断题1、资源的稀缺性决定了资源可以得到充分的利用,不会出现资源浪费的现象。
一、选择题1. 经济学的研究对象是:A. 物质生产过程B. 社会生产关系C. 市场交换关系D. 资源配置和财富分配答案:D解析:经济学是研究如何有效配置资源以生产商品和劳务,并分配这些产品与劳务的学科,因此研究对象是资源配置和财富分配。
2. 下列哪项不是经济学中的基本假设?A. 理性人假设B. 完美信息假设C. 市场竞争假设D. 通货膨胀假设答案:D解析:理性人假设、完美信息假设和市场竞争假设是经济学中的基本假设,而通货膨胀假设不是。
3. 下列哪项不是市场失灵的原因?A. 公共物品的非排他性B. 垄断的存在C. 外部性的存在D. 消费者偏好多样化答案:D解析:消费者偏好多样化是市场有效运行的条件之一,而不是市场失灵的原因。
市场失灵的原因通常包括公共物品的非排他性、垄断的存在和外部性的存在。
4. 下列哪项不是经济周期的四个阶段?A. 复苏B. 高涨C. 调整D. 繁荣答案:C解析:经济周期的四个阶段通常包括复苏、高涨、衰退和萧条,调整不是经济周期的阶段。
5. 下列哪项不是宏观调控的目标?A. 稳定物价B. 就业充分C. 经济增长D. 优化资源配置答案:D解析:宏观调控的目标包括稳定物价、就业充分和经济增长,而优化资源配置是宏观调控的手段之一,不是目标。
二、填空题1. 经济学的基本假设是__________、__________和__________。
答案:理性人假设、完美信息假设、市场竞争假设解析:经济学的基本假设包括理性人假设,即经济主体追求自身利益最大化;完美信息假设,即经济主体拥有充分的信息;市场竞争假设,即市场是充分竞争的。
2. 市场失灵的主要原因是__________、__________和__________。
答案:公共物品的非排他性、垄断的存在、外部性的存在解析:市场失灵的主要原因包括公共物品的非排他性,即一旦生产出来,无法阻止他人免费享用;垄断的存在,即市场只有一个或少数几个卖家,导致价格控制;外部性的存在,即生产或消费活动对他人产生了成本或收益,而市场没有反映这些成本或收益。
第一章导言一、单项选择题1、下列哪一种情况涉及权衡取舍A、买一辆新汽车B、上大学C、星期天上午看一场足球比赛D、睡午觉E、以上各项都涉及2、之所以要权衡取舍,是因为欲望是无限的,而资源是A、有效的B、经济的C、稀缺的D、无限的E、边际的3、经济学研究A、如何完全满足我们无限的欲望;B、社会如何管理其稀缺资源C、如何把我们的欲望减少到我们得到满足时为止D、如何避免进行权衡取舍E、社会如何管理其无限的资源4、除非一种行为满足下列条件,否则理性人就不会行事A、可以为某人赚钱B、符合伦理道德C、产生了大于边际利益的边际成本D、产生了大于边际成本的边际利益E、以上每种情况都不是5、提高税收并增加福利支付A、证明了存在免费午餐B、减少了市场势力C、以损害平等为代价提高了效率D、以损害效率为代价改善了平等E、以上每一种情况都不是6、假设你捡了20美元;如果你选择把这20美元用于看足球比赛,你看这场比赛的机会成本是A、没有,因为你捡到了钱B、20美元因为你可以用这20美元买其他东西C、20美元因为你可以用这20美元买其他东西加上你用于看比赛的时间的价值D、20美元因为你可以用这20美元买其他东西加上你用于看比赛的时间的价值,再加上你在看比赛中买饭的成本E、以上每一项都不是7、对外贸易A、使一国能以低于自己在国内生产一切东西时的成本拥有种类更多的物品B、使一国可以避免权衡取舍C、使一国可以更平等D、提高了资源的稀缺性E、以上每一项都不是8、由于人们会对激励作出反应,如果会计师的平均薪水增加50%,而教师的平均工资增加20%,我们可以预期A、学生将从教育专业转向会计专业B、学生将从会计专业转向教育专业C、上大学的学生少了D、以上每一项都不是9、以下哪一种活动最可能产生外部性A、学生坐在家里看电视B、学生在宿舍里聚会C、学生为了娱乐而读小说D、学生在学生会吃汉堡包10、以下哪一种东西产生的外部性能力最小A、香烟B、音响设备C、防止疾病的疫苗D、教育E、食物11、以下哪一种情况描述了最大的市场势力A、一个农民对谷物价格的影响B、沃尔沃对汽车价格的影响C、微软对台式电脑操作系统价格的影响D、一个学生对大学学费的影响12、下列哪一种关于市场经济的表述是正确的A、市场参与者仿佛由一只“看不见的手”指引行事,产生了使社会福利最大化的结果B、税收有助于沟通生产者与消费者的成本与利益C、在有足够大的电脑时,中央计划者可以比市场更有效地指导生产D、市场体制的力量倾向于在消费者平等地分配资源13、美国工人享有高生活水平是因为A、美国的公会维护了高工资B、我们保护自己的工作免受国外竞争C、美国有高的最低工资D、美国工人的生产率高E、以上每一项都不是14、高而持久的通货膨胀原因是A、公会使工资增加的太多了B、石油输出国组织使石油价格上升的太多了C、政府增加的货币量太多了D、管制使生产成本增加的太多了15、在短期内A、通货膨胀提高会暂时增加失业B、通货膨胀下降会暂时增加失业C、通货膨胀和失业是无关的D、经济周期被消除了E、以上每一项都不是16、你根据销售额为2000美元的估算花1000美元盖了一个热狗店;热狗店快建完了,但现在估计总销售额只有800美元;你可以再花300美元盖完热狗店;你应该盖完热狗店吗假设你没有热狗的成本A、是的B、不是C、没有足够的信息回答这个问题17、根据上一题,你应该盖完热狗店的决策规则是盖完热狗店的成本小于A、100美元B、300美元C、500美元D、800美元18、下列哪一项不是去度假的机会成本的一部分A、如果你留下来工作可以赚到的钱B、你用于食物的钱C、你用于飞机票的钱D、你看百老汇表演所花的钱19、可以提高生产率的方法是A、提高最低工资B、提高工会会员的工资C、改善工人的教育D、限制与外国的贸易20、科学方法要求A、科学家使用试管,并有一间清洁的实验室B、科学家是客观的C、科学家使用精密仪器D、只有不正确的理论得到检验E、只有正确的理论得到检验21、以下哪一项最有可能产生一种理论的科学依据A、一个受雇于劳联—产联AFL/CIO的科学家研究贸易限制对工人工资的影响B、一个广播电视台访谈节目主持人在收集有关资本市场如何对赋税做出反应的数据C、一个名牌大学雇用的终身经济学家分析银行管制对农村贷款的影响D、通用汽车公司雇用的律师分析安全气囊对乘客安全的影响22、以下哪一个关于循环流向图的表述是正确的A、生产要素归家庭所有B、如果Susan为IBM工作并得到一张工资支票,这个交易发生在物品和劳务市场上C、如果IBM出售一台电脑,这个交易发生在生产要素市场上D、生产要素归企业所有E、以上各项都不正确23、在下列哪一种情况下,假设最合理A、在估算气球下落的速度时,物理学家假设它在真空中下落B、为了分析货币增长对通货膨胀的影响,经济学家假设货币是严格的铸币C、为了分析税收对收入分配的影响,经济学家假设每个人的收入相同D、为了分析贸易的利益,经济学家假设只有两个人和两种物品;24、经济模型是A、为了复制现实而创造的B、以假设为基础建立的C、通常由木头和塑料组成D、如果他们是简单的,就没有用25、以下哪一种不是生产要素A、土地B、劳动C、资本D、货币E、以上都是26、生产可能性边界上的点是A、有效率的B、无效率的C、不能达到的D、规范的E、以上各项都不是27、以下哪一项不会使一国的生产可能性边界向外移动A、资本存量增加B、技术进步C、失业减少D、劳动增加28、以下哪一项描述了经济增长A、沿着生产可能性边界向资本品移动B、生产可能性边界向外移动C、生产可能性边界向内移动D、从该曲线内向曲线移动29、以下哪一项与微观经济学相关A、货币对通货膨胀的影响B、技术对经济增长的影响C、赤字对储蓄的影响D、石油价格对汽车生产的影响30、一下关于微观经济学和宏观经济学哪一项的表述是不正确的A、对极其大的行业的研究是宏观经济学范围内的问题B、宏观经济学关注整体经济现象C、微观经济学是宏观经济学的基础D、不能把微观经济学和宏观经济学完全分开31、以下哪一项表述是规范的A、发行的货币过多就引起通货膨胀B、如果工资更高;人们就会更努力工作C、失业率应该降低D、大量政府赤字使经济增长更慢32、在做出下列哪一项表述时,经济学家更像一个科学家A、减少失业救济金将降低失业率B、失业率应该降低,因为失业剥夺了个人的尊严C、通货膨胀率应该降低,因为通货膨胀剥夺了老年人的储蓄D、国家应该增加对大学的补贴,因为经济的未来取决于教育33、实证表述是A、微观经济学的B、宏观经济学的C、涉及价值判断的论断性表述D、可以检验的描述性表述34、假设两个经济学家争论对待失业的政策;一个经济学家说:“政府应该向失业宣战,因为它是最大的社会不幸;”另一位经济学家反驳说:“胡说;通货膨胀才是最大的社会不幸;”这两位经济学家A、意见分歧是因为他们有不同的科学判断B、意见分歧是因为他们又不同的价值观C、实际上根本没有分歧,只是看起来有分歧D、以上各项都不是35、假设两位经济学家对待失业的政策;一位经济学家说:“如果政府可以增加500亿美元的政府支出,就可以使失业率下降一个百分点;”另一个经济学家反驳说:“胡说;如果政府增加500亿美元的支出,只能减少千分之一的失业,而且,效果只是暂时的;”这两位经济学家A、意见分歧是因为他们有不同的科学判断B、意见分歧是因为他们又不同的价值观C、实际上根本没有分歧,只是看起来有分歧D、以上各项都不是36、如果一个国家在生产一种物品上有绝对优势,那么A、它可以以低于其贸易伙伴的机会成本生产该物品B、它可以用少于其贸易伙伴的资源来生产该物品C、它可以通过限制该物品的进口而获益D、它可以专门生产该物品并出口E、以上各项都不是37、如果一个国家在生产一种物品上有比较优势,那么A、它可以以低于其贸易伙伴的机会成本生产该物品B、它可以用少于其贸易伙伴的资源来生产该物品C、它可以通过限制该物品的进口而获益D、它一定是唯一有能力生产该物品的国家E、以上各项都不是38、下列哪一种关于贸易的表述是正确的A、无限制的国际贸易对于一个国家的每一个人都是同等有利的B、那些在所有活动中其技能都高的人不能从贸易中获益C、贸易有利于社会上的每一个人,因为它使人们可以专门从事他们有绝对优势的活动D、贸易有利于社会上的每一个人,因为它使人们可以专门从事他们有比较优势的活动39、根据比较优势原理A、在生产每一种物品上都有比较优势的国家不需要专业化B、各国应该专门生产其消费的产品C、各国应该专门生产其在生产中使用的资源小于其它贸易伙伴的物品D、各国应该专门生产其生产的机会成本低于其贸易伙伴的物品40、以下哪一种表述是正确的A、自给自足是大多数国家的繁荣之路B、自给自足国家的消费在其生产可能性边界之外C、自给自足的国家充其量只能在其生产可能性的边界上消费D、只有在每种物品生产中都有绝对优势的国家才应该努力实现自给自足41、假设一个国家的工人每个小时可以生产4只手表或12个戒指;如果没有贸易A、1个戒指的国内价格是3只手表B、1个戒指的国内价格是1/3只手表C、1个戒指的国内价格是4只手表D、1个戒指的国内价格是1/4只手表E、1个戒指的国内价格是12只手表42、假设一个国家的工人每个小时可以生产4只手表或12个戒指;如果没有贸易A、1只手表的机会成本是3个戒指B、1只手表的机会成本是1/3个戒指C、1只手表的机会成本是4个戒指D、1只手表的机会成本是1/4个戒指E、1只手表的机会成本是12个戒指以下表示澳大利亚和韩国一个工人每月可以生产的产量;根据该表回答第8——15题A、澳大利亚在粮食的生产上有绝对优势,而韩国在电器的生产上有绝对优势;B、韩国在粮食的生产上有绝对优势,而澳大利亚在电器的生产上有绝对优势;C、澳大利亚在粮食的和电器的生产上都有绝对优势D、韩国在粮食和电器的生产上都有绝对优势;44、澳大利亚生产1单位电器的机会成本是A、5单位粮食B、1/5单位粮食C、4单位粮食D、1/4单位粮食45、韩国生产1单位电器的机会成本是A、2单位粮食B、1/2单位粮食C、4单位粮食D、1/4单位粮食46、澳大利亚生产1单位粮食的机会成本是A、5单位电器B、1/5单位电器C、4单位电器D、1/4单位电器47、韩国生产1单位粮食的机会成本是A、2单位粮食B、1/2单位粮食C、4单位粮食D、1/4单位粮食48、下列哪一种关于比较优势的表述是正确的A、澳大利亚在粮食的生产上有比较优势,而韩国在电器的生产上有比较优势B、韩国在粮食的生产上有比较优势,而澳大利亚在电器的生产上有比较优势C、澳大利亚在粮食和电器的生产上都有比较优势D、韩国在粮食和电器的生产上都有比较优势49、韩国应该A、专门从事粮食生产,出口粮食,并进口电器B、专门从事电器生产,出口电器,并进口粮食C、生产这两种物品,因为没有一个国家有比较优势D、两种物品都不生产,因为在这两种物品的生产中它都有比较劣势50、电器的价格可以用粮食单位来表示;使两国可以从贸易中获益的电器价格范围是什么A、价格应该是大于1/5单位粮食,但小于1/4单位粮食B、价格应该是大于4单位粮食,但小于5单位粮食C、价格应该是大于1/4单位粮食,但是小于1/2单位粮食D、价格应该是大于2单位粮食,但是小于4单位粮食51、假设世界由两个国家——美国和墨西哥——组成;再假设只有两种物品——粮食和衣服;下列哪一种假设是正确的A、如果美国在粮食的生产上有绝对优势,那么,墨西哥在衣服的生产上就应该有绝对优势B、如果美国在粮食的生产上有比较优势,那么,墨西哥在衣服的生产上就应该有比较优势C、如果美国在粮食的生产上有比较优势,那么,它在衣服的生产上也应该有比较优势D、如果美国在粮食的生产上有比较优势,那么,墨西哥在粮食的生产上也许也会有比较优势E、以上各项都不是根据下图中的生产可能性边界回答第52——54题;假设每个国家有相同的工人量,比如说2000万工人,而且,横轴和纵轴都用每月的吨量来衡量52、阿根廷在生产哪种物品上具有比较优势A、水果和牛肉B、水果C、牛肉D、水果和牛肉都不是53、秘鲁将出口A、水果和牛肉B、水果C、牛肉D、水果和牛肉都不是54、秘鲁生产1吨牛肉的机会成本是A、1/3吨水果B、1吨水果C、2吨水果D、3吨水果E、6吨水果55、Joe是一名税务会计师;他从事税务工作每小时收入100美元;他每小时可以把10000个字母打入表中;他可以雇一个每小时能把2500个字母打入表中的助手;下列哪一种表述是正确的A、Joe不应该雇佣助手 ,因为助手打字没有他快B、只要Joe支付给助手的工资小于每小时100美元,他就应该雇佣助手C、只要Joe支付给助手的工资小于每小时25美元,他就应该雇佣助手D、以上各项都不是二、简答题1、空气是稀缺的吗清新的空气是稀缺的吗2、3、把你工资的一部分储蓄起来的机会成本是什么4、为什么平等和效率之间存在权衡取舍5、水是生命所需的;钻石并不是;增加一倍水的边际利益大于还是小于一克拉钻石的边际利益,为什么6、你的汽车需要修理;你已经为修理变速器花了500美元,但它仍然不能正常运行;你能以2000美元的价格按现状售出你的汽车;如果你的汽车可以修理好,你可以卖2500美元;再花300美元保证可以修好你的汽车;你应该修理你的汽车吗为什么7、8、你认为为什么安全气囊所减少的死于车祸的概率小于我们所希望的9、假设一个国家生产农产品较具优势有更肥沃的土地,而另一个国家生产制成品较具优势有更好的教育体制和更多的工程师;如果每个国家都生产它较具优势的东西并进行贸易,总产量比每个国家都生产所需要的农产品和制成品增加了还是减少了为什么10、11、在国富论中,亚当斯密说:“我们每天所需要的食物和饮料,不是出自屠户、酿酒师或面包师的恩惠,而是由于他们自利的打算;”你认为他的意思是什么12、如果我们更多的储蓄,并用储蓄构建更多的物质资本,生产率就会提高,而且,将提高我们未来的生活水平;未来增长的机会成本是什么10、如果政府发行了两倍于现在的货币,而且经济已经在最高能力时生产,你认为物价和产量会发生什么变动11、一个社会的目标之一是平等或公正地分配资源;如果每个人都有相等的能力并同样辛勤的工作,你将如何分配资源如果人们的能力不同,而且;一些人辛勤工作,另一些人工作懒散,你将如何分配资源12、是买者更利己,还是卖者更利己13、描述科学方法14、在任何一门科学中,假设的作用是什么15、超现实的模型总是最好吗16、为什么生产可能性边界的斜率是负的向右下方倾斜17、为什么生产可能性边界向外凸出18、经济学的两个分领域是什么哪一个分领域更可能是另一个分领域的基础为什么19、当一个经济学家做出规范表述时,他更可能是作为科学家还是政策顾问为什么20、哪一种表述是可以检验的:实证表述还是规范表述为什么21、说出经济学家意见分歧的两个原因22、说出90%以上的经济学家看法一致的两个经济观点23、为什么人们选择互相依赖,而不是自给自足24、为什么在贸易的决定中重要的是比较优势,而不是绝对优势25、贸易的好处是什么26、为什么对贸易的限制会减少物质福利27、假定一个律师每小时可以赚200美元;也可以没分钟打200个字;律师应该雇佣一个每分钟只能打50字的秘书吗为什么28、评价这句话:在生产每一种东西上都比其邻国强的技术先进国家,如果关闭贸易边界,贸易会更好,因为生产率低的国家对先进国家是一个负担;一、单项选择题1、E2、C3、B4、D5、D6、C7、A8、A9、B 10、E11、C 12、A 13、D 14、C 15、B 16、A 17、D 18、B 19、C20、B 21、C 22、A 23、D 24、B 25、D 26、A 27、C 28、B 29、D30、A 31、C 32、A 33、D 34、B 35、A36、B 37、A 38、D 39、D 40、C 41、B 42、A 43、C 44、C 45、A 46、D 47、B 48、A 49、B 50、D 51、B 52、C 53、B 54、D 55、C二、简答题1、空气不是稀缺的,因为为了得到空气,你不比放弃任何东西;清新的空气是稀缺的,在得到它而不放弃任何东西汽车排污设备等的情况下,你无法想要多少新鲜空气就得到多少;2、如果将这部分工资用于消费,你可以享受道德东西现期消费;3、税收和福利可以使我们更平等,但削弱了辛勤工作的激励,减少了总产量;4、一杯水的边际利益通常很低,因为我们所拥有的水是如此之多,以至于增加一杯水的价值如此之少;钻石的情况正好相反;5、应该修理;因为修理汽车的边际利益是2500美元减去两千美元等于500美元,而边际成本是300美元;与原来修理付的钱是无关的;6、因为安全气囊使发生一次车祸的成本降低了;着改变了激励,使人们开车更快,而且车祸更多;7、如果两国专业化生产并进行贸易,总产量就更多,因为更方都在做自己效率最高的事;8、屠户、酿酒师和面包师尽可能生产最好的食物不是出于仁慈,而是由于这样做符合他们的最大利益;利己可以使社会福利最大化;9、我们所放弃的今天的消费10、指出翻了一番,但由于产量仍保持不变,物价也翻了一番;11、每个人有相等能力的情况下:平等要求每个人得到相同的份额,因为他们能力相当并且工作同样努力;人们能力不同的情况下:平等要求人们得不到相同的份额,因为他们能力并不相同,工作努力程度也不相同;12、他们都是利己的;卖者将以最高出价出售,而买者将以最低报价购买;13、通过观察、检验和在观察,无偏见的建立并检验理论;14、简化现实,以使我们可以把思考集中在实际重要的事情上15、不一定;现实模型是较为复杂;他们会引起混乱,而且不能使我们的注意力集中在重要的事情上;16、因为如果一个经济有效的运行,生产选择就有机会成本;如果我们想要多一种东西,就必须少要另一种东西;17、由于资源是专业化的,因此不能同等地适用于生产不同物品;18、微观经济学和宏观经济学;微观经济学更可能是宏观经济学的基础,因为我们在解决宏观问题比如失业时,必须考虑个人对工资和福利这类工作激励会做出什么反应;19、更可能是政策顾问;因为规范表述是关于应该是什么样的论断,而且在某种程序上基于价值判断;20、实证表述是对事实的表述,而且可以通过考察证据来否定;21、经济学家会有不同的科学判断;经济学家也会有不同的价值观;22、租金上限低了可获得的住房数量和质量;关税和进口限额通常减少了一般经济福利;23、由于消费者能以比他们自己生产时低得多的成本得到更多种类的产品;这就是说,存在着贸易的好处;24、在贸易中重要的是,如果没有相互贸易,一国的成本与其他国家又怎样的差别;这是由各国之间的相对机会成本决定的;25、增加的产量来自生产的机会成本不同的各国专门生产自己国内机会成本低的东西;26、由于这迫使人们以高于他们贸易时支付的成本进行生产;27、是的;只要秘书赚得小于每小时50美元,律师就有利可图;28、这并不正确;如果各国生产的机会成本不同,所有国家都可以从贸易中获益,即使生产率最低的国家也在生产某种东西上有比较优势,而且,它可以在该物品上以低于发达国家的机会成本与发达国家进行贸易;。
经济学原理习题及答案1 引论一、选择正确答案1.经济学可定义为()。
A.企业赚取利润的活动B.研究人们如何依靠收入生活的问题C.研究稀缺资源如何有效配置的问题D.政府对市场制度的干预2.“资源是稀缺”指的是()。
A.世界上的资源最终将被消耗尽B.资源是不可再生的C.资源必须留给下一代D.相对于需求而言,资源总是不足的3.一个经济体系必须回答的基本问题是()。
A.生产什么,生产多少B. 如何生产C.为谁生产D.以上都包括4.下列属于规范分析表述的是()。
A.鼓励私人购买汽车有利于促进我国汽车工业的发展B.随着收入水平的提高,拥有汽车的人会越来越多C.由于我国居民收入水平低,大多数人还买不起汽车D.个人汽车拥有量的增多,给我国居民的出行带来交通隐患5.下列属于实证分析表述的是()。
A.治理通货膨胀比减少失业更重要B.通货膨胀对经济发展有利C.通货膨胀对经济发展不利D.只有控制货币量才能抑制通货膨胀答案:1.C; 2.D; 3.D; 4.B; 5.A。
二、分析讨论1.如何理解西方经济学是一门考察稀缺的资源合理配置的科学。
答:西方经济学认为,人类的欲望和由此引起的对物品和劳务的需要是无限多样的,可是用来满足这些无限需要的手段即用来提供这些物品和劳务的生产资源是稀缺的。
这样,就产生了如何分配使用这些有限的资源来满足无限需要的问题,这就是“选择”,也就是“配置”资源的问题。
人类社会面临的经济问题就是如何把有限的资源合理地和有效率地分配使用于各种途径以满足人类无限多样的需要。
在市场经济中,资源的配置是通过市场价格机制来实现的。
生产什么、生产多少、如何生产、为谁生产,都是由市场价格决定的。
假若人类能无限量地生产出各种物品,或者人类的欲望能够完全得到满足,即在这样一个丰裕的伊甸园里,不存在稀缺物品,所有的物品都是免费的,像沙漠中的沙和海岸边的海水,价格和市场互不相关,那么经济学就无须存在了。
正是由于人类欲望的无限性和生产资源的有限性之间的矛盾才引起了人类的经济活动,西方经济学也就成为一门考察稀缺资源的配置的科学。
经济学原理课后习题及答案经济学原理课后习题及答案经济学原理课是大学经济学专业的基础课程之一,通过学习这门课程,学生可以了解经济学的基本原理和理论,培养经济分析和决策能力。
在课程学习过程中,老师通常会布置一些习题作为课后作业,以检验学生对课程内容的理解和掌握程度。
下面是一些经济学原理课后习题及答案的示例。
1. 供给和需求习题:假设某种商品的市场供给曲线为Qs = 100 + 2P,市场需求曲线为Qd = 200 - P,求市场均衡价格和数量。
答案:市场均衡价格和数量可以通过供给和需求曲线的交点来确定。
将供给和需求方程联立,得到100 + 2P = 200 - P,解得P = 33.33。
将P代入供给或需求方程中,得到Qs = 100 + 2 * 33.33 = 166.67,Qd = 200 - 33.33 = 166.67。
因此,市场均衡价格为33.33,市场均衡数量为166.67。
2. 边际效用习题:某人消费3个苹果的总效用为20,消费4个苹果的总效用为25,求第4个苹果的边际效用。
答案:边际效用是指消费一单位商品所带来的额外效用。
根据题意,当消费3个苹果时,总效用为20;当消费4个苹果时,总效用为25。
因此,第4个苹果带来的额外效用为25 - 20 = 5。
3. 机会成本习题:某人有两个选择:A和B。
选择A可以获得100元,但放弃选择B可以获得200元。
求选择A的机会成本。
答案:机会成本是指选择某个方案所放弃的最高价值的替代方案。
在这个例子中,选择A可以获得100元,但放弃选择B可以获得200元。
因此,选择A的机会成本为200元。
4. 生产可能性边界习题:某国家只生产两种商品:A和B。
生产一个单位的A需要消耗2个单位的劳动力,生产一个单位的B需要消耗3个单位的劳动力。
该国家有100个单位的劳动力。
画出该国家的生产可能性边界。
答案:生产可能性边界是指在资源有限的情况下,一个国家或企业所能生产的各种商品组合。
Chapter 9Application: International TradeMultiple Choice1. An important factor in the decline of the U.S. textile industry over the past 100 or so yearsisa. foreign competitors that could produce quality textile goods at low cost.b. lower prices of goods that are substitutes for clothing.c. a decrease in Americans’ demand for clothing, due to increased incomes and the fact thatclothing is an inferior good.d. the fact that the minimum wage in the U.S. has failed to keep pace with the cost of living. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-0TOP: International trade MSC: Interpretive2. With which of the Ten Principles of Economics is the study of international trade most closelyconnected?a. People face tradeoffs.b. Trade can make everyone better off.c. Governments can sometimes improve market outcomes.d. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-0TOP: International trade MSC: Interpretive3. A logical starting point from which the study of international trade begins isa. the recognition that not all markets are competitive.b. the recognition that government intervention in markets sometimes enhances the economic welfareof the society.c. the principle of absolute advantage.d. the principle of comparative advantage.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-0TOP: International trade | Comparative advantage MSC: Interpretive4. A tax on an imported good is called aa. quota.b. tariff.c. supply tax.d. trade tax.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-1TOP: Tariffs MSC: Definitional5. The price of a good that prevails in a world market is called thea. absolute price.b. relative price.c. comparative price.d. world price.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-1TOP: Price | World trade MSC: Definitional6. The price of cotton that prevails in international markets is called thea. export price of cotton.b. import price of cotton.c. comparative-advantage price of cotton.d. world price of cotton.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-1TOP: International trade | Prices MSC: Definitional7. If a country allows trade and, for a certain good, the domestic price without trade is higherthan the world price,a. the country will be an exporter of the good.b. the country will be an importer of the good.c. the country will be neither an exporter nor an importer of the good.d. Additional information is needed about demand to determine whether the country will be anexporter of the good, an importer of the good, or neither.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-1TOP: Prices | Imports MSC: Interpretive8. If a country allows trade and, for a certain good, the domestic price without trade is lower thanthe world price,a. the country will be an exporter of the good.b. the country will be an importer of the good.c. the country will be neither an exporter nor an importer of the good.d. Additional information is needed about demand to determine whether the country will be anexporter of the good, an importer of the good, or neither.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-1TOP: Prices | Exports MSC: Interpretive9. For any country, if the world price of computers is higher than the domestic price of computerswithout trade, that country shoulda. export computers, since that country has a comparative advantage in computers.b. import computers, since that country has a comparative advantage in computers.c. neither export nor import computers, since that country cannot gain from trade.d. neither export nor import computers, since that country already produces computers at a lowcost compared to other countries.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-1TOP: Exports | Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative10. If the world price of textiles is higher than Vietnam’s domestic price of textiles without trade,then Vietnama. should import textiles.b. has a comparative advantage in textiles.c. should produce just enough textiles to meet its domestic demand.d. should refrain altogether from producing textiles.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-1TOP: Price | Comparative advantage MSC: Interpretive11. Assume, for Canada, that the domestic price of steel without international trade is higher thanthe world price of steel. This suggests that, in the production of steel,a. Canada has a comparative advantage over other countries and Canada will import steel.b. Canada has a comparative advantage over other countries and Canada will export steel.c. other countries have a comparative advantage over Canada and Canada will import steel.d. other countries have a comparative advantage over Canada and Canada will export steel. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-1TOP: Comparative advantage | Prices MSC: Applicative12. Assume, for the U.S., that the domestic price of beef without international trade is lower thanthe world price of beef. This suggests that, in the production of beef,a. the U.S. has a comparative advantage over other countries and the U.S. will export beef.b. the U.S. has a comparative advantage over other countries and the U.S. will import beef.c. other countries have a comparative advantage over the U.S. and the U.S. will export beef.d. other countries have a comparative advantage over the U.S. and the U.S. will import beef. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-1TOP: Comparative advantage | Prices MSC: Applicative13. Suppose the United States exports cars to France and imports cheese from Switzerland. Thissituation suggests thata. the United States has a comparative advantage relative to Switzerland in producing cheese,and France has a comparative advantage relative to the United States in producing cars.b. the United States has a comparative advantage relative to France in producing cars, andSwitzerland has a comparative advantage relative to the United States in producing cheese.c. the United States has an absolute advantage relative to Switzerland in producing cheese, andFrance has an absolute advantage relative to the United States in producing cars.d. the United States has an absolute advantage relative to France in producing cars, andSwitzerland has an absolute advantage relative to the United States in producing cheese. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-1TOP: Comparative advantage MSC: Interpretive14. Trade among nations is ultimately based ona. absolute advantage.b. strategic advantage.c. comparative advantage.d. technical advantage.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-1TOP: Trade | Comparative advantage MSC: Interpretive15. A country has a comparative advantage in a product if the world price isa. lower than that country’s domestic price without trade.b. higher than that country’s domestic price without trade.c. equal to that country’s domes tic price without trade.d. not subject to manipulation by organizations that govern international trade.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-1TOP: Price | Comparative advantage MSC: Interpretive16. Suppose Haiti has a comparative advantage over other countries in producing sugar, but othercountries have an absolute advantage over Haiti in producing sugar. If trade in sugar is allowed, Haitia. will import sugar.b. will export sugar.c. will either export sugar or export sugar, but it is not clear from the given information.d. would have nothing to gain either from exporting or importing sugar.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-1TOP: Comparative advantage | Absolute advantage MSC: Interpretive17. When, in our analysis of the gains and losses of international trade, we assume that a countryis small, we are in effect assuming that the countrya. cannot experience significant gains or losses by trading with other countries.b. cannot have a significant comparative advantage over other countries.c. cannot affect world prices by trading with other countries.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Prices | International trade MSC: Interpretive18. When, in our analysis of the gains and losses from international trade, we assume that a particularcountry is small, we area. assuming the domestic price before trade will continue to prevail once that country is openedup to trade with other countries.b. assuming there is no demand for that country’s domestically-produced goods by other countries.c. assuming international trade can benefit producers, but not consumers, in that country.d. making an assumption that is not necessary to analyze the gains and losses from internationaltrade.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Assumptions | International trade MSC: Interpretive19. In analyzing the gains and losses from international trade, to say that Moldova is a small countryis to say thata. Moldova can only import goods; it cannot export goods.b. Moldova’s choice of which goods to export an d which goods to import is not based on the principleof comparative advantage.c. only the domestic price of a good is relevant for Moldova; the world price of a good isirrelevant.d. Moldova is a price taker.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Prices | International trade MSC: Interpretive20. When a country allows trade and becomes an exporter of a good,a. domestic producers gain and domestic consumers lose.b. domestic producers lose and domestic consumers gain.c. domestic producers and domestic consumers both gain.d. domestic producers and domestic consumers both lose.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Gains from trade MSC: Interpretive21. When a country allows trade and becomes an importer of a good,a. both domestic producers and domestic consumers become better off.b. domestic producers become better off, and domestic consumers become worse off.c. domestic producers become worse off, and domestic consumers become better off.d. both domestic producers and domestic consumers become worse off.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Imports | Gains from trade MSC: Interpretive22. When a country allows trade and becomes an importer of a good,a. everyone in the country benefits.b. the gains of the winners exceed the losses of the losers.c. the losses of the losers exceed the gains of the winners.d. everyone in the country loses.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Imports | Gains from trade MSC: Interpretive23. When the nation of Econoland allows trade and becomes an exporter of televisions,a. residents of Econoland who produce televisions become worse off; residents of Econoland whobuy televisions become better off; and the economic well-being of Econoland rises.b. residents of Econoland who produce televisions become worse off; residents of Econoland whobuy televisions become better off; and the economic well-being of Econoland falls.c. residents of Econoland who produce televisions become better off; residents of Econoland whobuy televisions become worse off; and the economic well-being of Econoland rises.d. residents of Econoland who produce televisions become better off; residents of Econoland whobuy televisions become worse off; and the economic well-being of Econoland falls.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Economic welfare MSC: Applicative24. When the nation of Duxembourg allows trade and becomes an importer of software,a. residents of Duxembourg who produce software become worse off; residents of Duxembourg whobuy software become better off; and the economic well-being of Duxembourg rises.b. residents of Duxembourg who produce software become worse off; residents of Duxembourg whobuy software become better off; and the economic well-being of Duxembourg falls.c. residents of Duxembourg who produce software become better off; residents of Duxembourg whobuy software become worse off; and the economic well-being of Duxembourg rises.d. residents of Duxembourg who produce software become better off; residents of Duxembourg whobuy software become worse off; and the economic well-being of Duxembourg falls.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Imports | Economic welfare MSC: Applicative25. When a nation first begins to trade with other countries and the nation becomes an exporter ofcorn,a. this is an indication that the world price of corn exceeds the nation’s domestic price ofcorn in the absence of trade.b. this is an indication that the nation has a comparative advantage in producing corn.c. the nation’s consumers of corn become worse off and the nation’s p roducers of corn becomebetter off.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Comparative advantage | Economic welfare MSC: Applicative26. When a nation first begins to trade with other countries and the nation becomes an importer ofsoybeans,a. this is an indication that the world price of soybeans exceeds the nation’s domestic priceof soybeans in the absence of trade.b. this is an indication that the nation has a comparative advantage in producing soybeans.c. the nation’s producers of soybeans become worse off and the nation’s consumers of soybeansbecome better off.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 9-2TOP: Imports | Comparative advantage | Economic welfare MSC: Applicative27. Trade raises the economic well-being of a nation in the sense thata. the gains of the winners exceed the losses of the losers.b. everyone in an economy gains from trade.c. since countries can choose what products to trade, they will pick those products that are mostbeneficial to society.d. the nation joins the international community when it begins to engage in trade.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Trade | Economic welfare MSC: Interpretive28. When a country allows trade and becomes an exporter of a good,a. the gains of the domestic producers of the good exceed the losses of the domestic consumersof the good.b. the gains of the domestic consumers of the good exceed the losses of the domestic producersof the good.c. the losses of the domestic producers of the good exceed the gains of the domestic consumersof the good.d. the losses of the domestic consumers of the good exceed the gains of the domestic producersof the good.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Economic welfare MSC: Applicative29. When a country allows trade and becomes an importer of steel,a. the losses of the domestic producers of steel exceed the gains of the domestic consumers ofsteel.b. the losses of the domestic consumers of steel exceed the gains of the domestic producers ofsteel.c. the gains of the domestic producers of steel exceed the losses of the domestic consumers ofsteel.d. the gains of the domestic consumers of steel exceed the losses of the domestic producers ofsteel.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 9-2TOP: Imports | Economic welfare MSC: Applicative30. When a country allows trade and becomes an exporter of a good, which of the following is not aconsequence?a. The price paid by domestic consumers of the good increases.b. The price received by domestic producers of the good increases.c. The losses of domestic consumers of the good exceed the gains of domestic producers of thegood.d. The gains of domestic producers of the good exceed the losses of domestic consumers of thegood.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Economic welfare MSC: Applicative31. When a country allows trade and becomes an importer of bottled water, which of the following isnot a consequence?a. The gains of domestic consumers of bottled water exceed the losses of domestic producers ofbottled water.b. The losses of domestic producers of bottled water exceed the gains of domestic consumers ofbottled water.c. The price paid by domestic consumers of bottled water decreases.d. The price received by domestic producers of bottled water decreases.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 9-2TOP: Imports | Economic welfare MSC: Applicative32. When a country allows trade and becomes an exporter of a good,a. consumer surplus and producer surplus both increase.b. consumer surplus and producer surplus both decrease.c. consumer surplus increases and producer surplus decreases.d. consumer surplus decreases and producer surplus increases.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Consumer surplus | Producer surplus MSC: Interpretive33. When a country allows trade and becomes an importer of a good,a. consumer surplus and producer surplus both increase.b. consumer surplus and producer surplus both decrease.c. consumer surplus increases and producer surplus decreases.d. consumer surplus decreases and producer surplus increases.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Imports | Consumer surplus | Producer surplus MSC: Interpretive34. Which of the following statements is true?a. Free trade benefits a country when it exports but harms it when it imports.b. "Voluntary" limits on Canadian exports of hogs are better for the United States than U.S. tariffsplaced on Canadian hog exports.c. Tariffs and quotas differ in that tariffs work like a tax and therefore impose deadweight losses,whereas quotas do not impose deadweight losses.d. Free trade benefits a country both when it exports and when it imports.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Trade policy MSC: Applicative35. When a country allows international trade and becomes an exporter of a good,a. domestic producers of the good become better off.b. domestic consumers of the good become worse off.c. the gains of the winners exceed the losses of the losers.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Economic Welfare MSC: Applicative36. Suppose Scotland goes from being an isolated country to being an exporter of wool. As a result,a. consumer surplus of Scottish consumers of wool increases.b. producer surplus of Scottish producers of wool increases.c. total surplus of Scottish wool consumers and producers remains constant.d. it is reasonable to infer that other countries have a comparative advantage over Scotland inwool production.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Economic Welfare MSC: Applicative37. When a country allows international trade and becomes an importer of a good,a. domestic producers of the good become better off.b. domestic consumers of the good become worse off.c. the gains of the winners exceed the losses of the losers.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Imports | Economic Welfare MSC: Applicative38. Assume, for France, that the domestic price of tea without international trade is higher thanthe world price of tea. This suggests thata. other countries have a comparative advantage over France in producing tea.b. France has an absolute advantage over other countries in producing tea.c. France will export tea if international trade is allowed.d. French tea buyers will become worse off if international trade is allowed.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Comparative advantage | Prices MSC: Applicative39. Suppose a country begins to allow international trade in steel. Which of the following outcomeswill be observed regardless of whether the country finds itself importing steel or exporting steel?a. The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus for domestic traders of steel increases.b. The quantity of steel demanded by domestic consumers increases.c. Domestic producers of steel receive a higher price for steel.d. The losses of the losers exceed the gains of the winners.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Trade | Economic Welfare MSC: Applicative40. After a country goes from disallowing trade in sugar with other countries to allowing trade insugar with other countries,a. the domestic price of sugar will be greater than the world price of sugar.b. the domestic price of sugar will be lower than the world price of sugar.c. the domestic price of sugar will equal the world price of sugar.d. The world price of sugar does not matter; the domestic price of sugar prevails.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Trade | Prices MSC: Interpretive41. Within a country, the domestic price of a product will equal the world price ifa. trade restrictions are imposed on the product.b. the country allows free trade.c. the country chooses to import, but not export, the product.d. the country chooses to export, but not import, the product.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: International trade | Prices MSC: Interpretive42. For any country that allows free trade,a. domestic quantity demanded is equal to domestic quantity supplied at the world price.b. domestic quantity demanded is greater than domestic quantity supplied at the world price.c. both producers and consumers in that country gain when domestic products are exported, butboth groups lose when foreign products are imported.d. the domestic price is equal to the world price.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: International trade | Prices MSC: Interpretive43. The world price of a simple electronic calculator is $5.00. Before Singapore allowed trade incalculators, the price of a calculator there was $4.00. Once Singapore began allowing trade in calculators with other countries,Singapore begana. importing calculators and the price of a calculator in Singapore increased to $5.00.b. importing calculators and the price of a calculator in Singapore remained at $4.00.c. exporting calculators and the price of a calculator in Singapore increased to $5.00.d. exporting calculators and the price of a calculator in Singapore remained at $4.00.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Prices MSC: Applicative44. The world price of a pound of T-bone steak is $9.00. Before Guatemala allowed trade in beef, theprice of a pound of T-bone steak there was $12.00. Once Guatemala began allowing trade in beef with other countries, Guatemala begana. exporting T-bone steak and the price per pound in Guatemala remained at $12.00.b. exporting T-bone steak and the price per pound in Guatemala decreased to $9.00.c. importing T-bone steak and the price per pound in Guatemala remained at $12.00.d. importing T-bone steak and the price per pound in Guatemala decreased to $9.00.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Imports | Prices MSC: Applicative45. Suppose a country abandons a no-trade policy in favor of a free-trade policy. If, as a result,the domestic price of beans increases to equal the world price of beans, thena. that country becomes an exporter of beans.b. that country has a comparative advantage in producing beans.c. at the world price, the quantity of beans supplied in that country exceeds the quantity ofbeans demanded in that country.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative46. Suppose a country abandons a no-trade policy in favor of a free-trade policy. If, as a result,the domestic price of pistachios decreases to equal the world price of pistachios, thena. that country becomes an importer of pistachios.b. that country has a comparative advantage in producing pistachios.c. at the world price, the quantity of pistachios supplied in that country exceeds the quantityof pistachios demanded in that country.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Imports | Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative47. Refer to Figure 9-1. Without trade, consumer surplus isa. $210.b. $245.c. $455.d. $490.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Consumer surplus MSC: Applicative48. Refer to Figure 9-1. Without trade, producer surplus isa. $210.b. $245.c. $455.d. $490.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Producer surplus MSC: Applicative49. Refer to Figure 9-1. With free trade, this country willa. import 40 baskets.b. import 70 baskets.c. export 35 baskets.d. export 65 baskets.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports MSC: Applicative50. Refer to Figure 9-1. If this country chooses to trade, the price of baskets in this country willbea. $10 and 40 baskets will be sold domestically.b. $10 and 105 baskets will be domestically.c. $7 and 70 baskets will be sold domestically.d. $7 and 40 baskets will be sold domestically.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Price | Quantity demanded MSC: Applicative51. Refer to Figure 9-1. With free trade, consumer surplus isa. $45.b. $80.c. $210.d. $245.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Trade | Consumer surplus MSC: Applicative52. Refer to Figure 9-1. With free trade, producer surplus isa. $80.00.b. $210.00.c. $245.50.d. $472.50.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Trade | Producer surplus MSC: Applicative53. Refer to Figure 9-1. As a result of trade, total surplus increases bya. $80.b. $97.50.c. $162.50.d. $495.50.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 9-2TOP: Trade | Total surplus MSC: Applicative54. Refer to Figure 9-1. This countrya. has a comparative advantage in baskets.b. should export baskets.c. is a price taker in the world economy.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports | Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative55. Refer to Figure 9-1. The world price for baskets representsa. the demand for baskets from the rest of the world.b. the supply of baskets from the rest of the world.c. the level of inefficiency in the domestic market caused by trade.d. the gap between domestic quantity demanded and domestic quantity supplied and the resultingshortage.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: International trade | Price MSC: Interpretive56. Refer to Figure 9-1. At the world price and with free trade,a. the domestic quantity of baskets demanded is greater than the domestic quantity of basketssupplied.b. the basket market is in equilibrium.c. the domestic demand for baskets is perfectly inelastic.d. both domestic producers of baskets and domestic consumers of baskets are better off than theywere without free trade.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Trade | Equilibrium MSC: Interpretive57. Refer to Figure 9-2. With no international trade,a. the equilibrium price is $12 and the equilibrium quantity is 300.b. the equilibrium price is $16 and the equilibrium quantity is 200.c. the equilibrium price is $16 and the equilibrium quantity is 300.d. the equilibrium price is $16 and the equilibrium quantity is 450.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 9-2TOP: Equilibrium price | Equilibrium quantity MSC: Interpretive58. Refer to Figure 9-2. If China were to abandon a no-trade policy in favor of a free-trade policy,a. Chinese producers of pencil sharpeners would become worse off.b. Chinese consumers of pencil sharpeners would become better off.c. total surplus in the Chinese economy would increase.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Total surplus MSC: Interpretive59. Refer to Figure 9-2. With trade, China willa. import 100 pencil sharpeners.b. import 250 pencil sharpeners.c. export 150 pencil sharpeners.d. export 250 pencil sharpeners.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 9-2TOP: Exports MSC: Applicative。