梦凌--流量计数据
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使用说明书质量流量计目录第一章概述 .......................................... 错误!未定义书签。
1.1工作原理:............................................................错误!未定义书签。
1.2传感器结构和外形尺寸..........................................错误!未定义书签。
1.3流量计结构..............................................................错误!未定义书签。
1.3.1 变送器外形及机柜开孔尺寸图: ........................错误!未定义书签。
1.3.2传感器外形尺寸图..................................................错误!未定义书签。
1.3.3技术指标..................................................................错误!未定义书签。
1.3.4表型号和选型..........................................................错误!未定义书签。
第二章质量流量计安装和调试.............. 错误!未定义书签。
2.1传感器安装..............................................................错误!未定义书签。
2.2传感器和变送器接线..............................................错误!未定义书签。
2.3送器接线..................................................................错误!未定义书签。
传感器技术(JournaI of Transducer TechnoIogy)2004年第23卷第8期虚拟仪器流量测试的精度研究杨志刚1,刘兆妍1,雷振山2(1.河北理工学院自动化系,河北唐山063009;2.唐山学院机电工程系,河北唐山063000)摘要:为了提高应用虚拟仪器进行流量测量的精度,分析了流量传感器的工作原理;比较了采用模拟输入、计数器输入和使用缓冲区的计数器输入三种不同的测试技术方案。
在实验的基础上,应用误差理论分析测试数据证明:在LabVIEW环境中使用缓冲区技术进行计数器编程,各种以电脉冲发信的流量传感器的测量精度可以提高0.6%以上。
关键词:虚拟仪器;流量测量;测量精度中图分类号:TP216+.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-9787(2004)08-0022-03 Research of accuracy of flow measurement with Virtual instrumentYANG Zhi-gang1,LIU Zhao-yan1,LEI Zhen-shan2(1.Dept of Automation,Hebei Institute of Technology,Tangshan063009,China;2.Dept of Mech and Elct Engin,Tangshan College,Tangshan063000,China)Abstract:In order to improve the accuracy of fIow measurement with virtuaI instrument,the principIe of fIowsensor is anaIyzed,and three test methods-anaIog input,counter and buffered counter are examined.Based onexperiments,using the theory of error to anaIyze test data,it is proved that,the measurement accuracy of fIowsensor which based on puIse can be improved about0.6percent by the technigue of buffered programming counterin LabVIEW.Key words:virtuaI instrument;fIow measurement;measurement accuracy0 引言流量测量广泛应用于科学研究、产品计量和生产过程控制等领域。
流量温度一体式传感器TKPLSL-18MN-PI6D-SC说明书安徽天康(集团)股份有限公司流量温度一体式传感器TKPLSL-18MN-PI6D-SC详细说明:本手册是关于仪表的功能、设置、接线方法、操作方法、故障时的处理方法等的说明书。
在操作之前请仔细阅读本手册,正确使用。
·本手册内容如因功能升级等而有修改时,恕不另行通知。
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流量温度一体式传感器是把温度传感器和流量传感器集成在一体的传感器,流量传感器是基于热交换原理设计的,探头内置发热模块及感热模块,热传导同介质的流速密切相关,如果管道内没有介质流动,则感热模块接收到的热是一个固定值,当有介质流动时,感热模块所接受到的热将随介质的流速变化而变化。
测量时,由发热模块发热,感热模块感测温度,传感器将这个温差信号转化成对应的电信号,从而对介质的流量进行显示及控制。
温度传感器采用PT100测量元件来测量温度。
流量温度一体式传感器的传感器和信号处理器一体化集成,传感器采用特殊抗结垢涂层,抗污能力更强;LCD液晶实时显示介质流量、流速或温度;开关动作值可以通过按键进行调整;同时还提供可供选择的晶体管或继电器的输出形式。
测量范围:流速:水:3~300cm/s;气:200~2000cm/s;油:3~500cm/s 温度:0~100℃工作压力:40Bar介质温度:-20℃~100℃过程连接:M18×1.5内螺纹、G1/2内螺纹、G1/2外螺纹(其他可定制)输出信号:4~20mA、继电器(SPDT)、PNP、NPN触点容量:30VDC/1A,125VAC/0.5A工作电源:18~32VDC消耗电流:<100mA响应时间:ON:1~13s,典型值2s;OFF:1~15s,典型值2s介质温度变化率:≤15℃/min电气保护:反向/过载/短路防护等级:IP65探头本体材质:316L,探头采用铂合金镜面工艺本体材质:PP34DC24V+DC24V-FI+TI+DC24V+DC24V-COMI+NO/NC4~20mA输出序号端子色线端子说明序号端子色线端子说明1棕(BN)brown电源正极/L4灰(G R)gar y2蓝(BU)blu e电源负极/N5白(WH)whit e温度电流输出正端3黑(B K)black流量电流输出正端流量继电器输出,温度420mA输出序号端子色线端子说明序号端子色线端子说明1棕(BN)电源正极/L4灰(G R)gary电流输出正端2蓝(BU)电源负极/N5黑(B K)输出常开(闭)端3白(WH)w hite输出公共端DC24V+DC24V-NCI+NO流量NPN或PNP输出,温度420mA输出序号端子色线端子说明序号端子色线端子说明1棕(BN)brown电源正极/L4灰(G R)gary电流输出正端2蓝(BU)blue电源负极/N5黑(B K)black输出常开端3白(WH)w hite输出常闭端旋开图控制面板上盖,通过调节控制键进行调节。
(1)All accuracies indicated in this document were stated in laboratory conditions and can be guaranteed for measurement carried out in the same conditions or with calibration compensation.(2)Accuracy in RH depends on temperature: typical ±2% RH below 10°C and above 50°C.(3)The sensor shows best performance when operated within recommended normal temperature and humidity range of 5°C–60°C and 20%RH–80%RH, respectively. Long-term exposure to conditions outside normal range,especially at high humidity, may temporarily offset the RH signal (e.g.+3%RH after 60h kept at >80%RH). After returning into the normal temperature and humidity range the sensor will slowly come back to calibration state by itself. Prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may accelerate ageing.(4)Tolerated overpressure: 344.73 mbar. Proof pressure: 500 mbar. Burst pressure: 750 mbar.(5)Potential drift: ±0.04% of reading per degree.Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google LLC.App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc.Switch between hoods quickly and easily Measuring range from 35 to 4250 m 3/h Patented folding frame & space-saving hoods storageSmartKap mobile AppData reading & exploitationTransport case: compact storage systemHoods flow straightenerCompatible with all air vent types(1) Device not provided(2)We recommend the use of type Nx PCA9002 batteriesAvailable hoodsDBM 620 air flow meter comes in standard with a 2 x 2 ft (610 x 610 mm) hood.4 optional hoods are available:• 3.35 x 3.35 ft (1020 x 1020 mm)• 2.36 x 2.36 ft (720 x 720 mm)• 2.36 x 4.33 ft (720 x 1320 mm)• 1.38 x 4.99 ft (420 x 1520 mm)Kit contentStandard DBM 620:• 1 Base including the measurement grid and a temperature and hygrometry probe• 1 Removable measuring unit with Bluetooth ® connection• 1 Hood of 2 x 2 ft (610 x 610 mm) with flow straightener and foldable frame• 1 Sheath including the 4 frame fixing rods • 2 x 0.80 m of silicone tube • Replacement hinges for frames • 1 Transport case•1 Calibration certificateDBM 620 C:• 1 Standard DBM 620 kit • 4 Additionnal hoods:• 1 Hood of 2.36 x 2.36 ft (720 x 720 mm) with foldable frame and transport case• 1 Hood of 2.36 x 4.33 ft (720 x 1320 mm) with foldable frame and transport case• 1 Hood of 1.38 x 4.99 ft (420 x 1520 mm) with foldable frame and transport case•1 Hood of 3.35 x 3.35 ft (1020 x 1020 mm) with foldable frame and transport caseHoods are airtight and have a transparent viewing window that allows the user to see through the vent to ensure the hood is in proper position.The Patented DBM 620 folding frame limits space restrictions and allows for easier mounting.Carbon fiber rods provide stability while adding minimal weight.Device positioning on the air ventSmartKap mobile application will help you correctly position the hood on the air vent:• Select the correct air vent type, OR • Create a customized air vent if required • Follow the instructions for a perfect fit!Find more information in the user manual.Functions of the micromanometer housingThe electronic housing can be used alone to perform the following functions:In air velocity and airflow:• Choose between the Pitot tube, Debimo blades, coefficient or measurement grid • Section selection • Unit selection• Point/point, automatic or automatic point/point average • Manual compensation in temperature, automatic or manual compensation in atmospheric pressure • Hold, minimum and maximum values • Standardized airflow, K factorIn pressure:• Manual or automatic autozero • Unit selection• Pressure integration (from 0 to 9)• Point/point, automatic or automatic point/point average • Hold, minimum and maximum valuesSilicone tubeHood with flow straightener Use with the measurement gridUse of the air flow meterF T – D B M 620 – E N – 02/12/19 – R C S (24) P ér i g u e u x 349 282 095 – N o n -c o n t r a c t u a l d o c u m e n t – W e r e s e r v e t h e r i g h t t o m o d i f y t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f o u r p r o d u c t s w i t h o u t p r i o r n o t i c e.*Each hood is supplied in its transport bag.MaintenanceWe carry out calibration, adjustment and maintenance of your devices to guarantee a consistent and accurate level of quality of your measurements. As part of Quality Assurance Standards, we recommend you to carry a yearly checking.WarrantyDevices have 1-year guarantee against any manufacturing defect (return to our After-Sales Service required for appraisal).Operating principlesThe DBM 620 housing communicates with the smartphone or tablet via Bluetooth ®. This allows measured values reading and viewing of reports directly on your mobile device screen, via the dedicated SmartKap mobile application.DBM 620 Electronic housingon the base SmartKap Mobile App。
层流流量计计算数学模型和标定方法的研究1 引言层流流量计是差压式流量计中的一种,由于流量计内部无可动部件、可靠性高、响应速度快等特点,被广泛应用于各领域不同介质流体的流量测量。
与其他差压式流量计相比层流流量计有其独特的优点,由于当流体在层流流动状态条件下,理论上其压力损失与其流动速度的一次方成正比,所以层流流量计比一般节流式流量计的流量测量范围更宽,流量测量量程比可达1∶10。
层流流量计的应用主要是环保和医疗行业所涉及的气体流量测量方面。
近几年来,随着天然气的广泛使用,尤其是城市天然气普及程度的快速提高,使得行业对天然气计量用流量计的需求大量增加。
由于层流流量计有着其他形式流量计无法同时具有的优点,如内部无可动部件、量程比宽、压力损失小等,近年来国内已有企业生产基于层流流量测量原理的天然气贸易结算用流量计,并在国内部分城市天然气管网上安装使用。
目前层流流量计在推广应用中存在的最大问题是流量系数的标定,以及技术机构对其进行后续检定和校准的问题。
国家计量检定规程J JG736-1991《气体层流流量传感器》由于实施年代久远和当时的技术手段有限,其中有关检定方法和流量计算数学模型已不能满足天然气贸易结算用流量计的使用要求。
最突出的问题是,用于天然气或其他氢烃类气体流量计量的层流流量计,依据现行规程无法在实验室内用空气对其进行检定。
所以,有必要对层流流量计建立适用的数学模型和相应的流量系数标定方法。
2层流流量计的结构形式图1是JJG736-1991气体层流流量传感器检定规程中给出的层流流量传感器的基本形式,实际使用的层流流量计如图2所示。
层流流量传感器的构成一般由层流发生体、整流器、取压装置和传感器外壳等4个部分组成,对于应用于贸易结算的层流流量计,其构成是在层流流量传感器的基础上增加压力、温度、差压传感器和流量积算系统,而且在连接方式上一般采用法兰连接。
层流流量计中的核心元件是层流发生体,目前国内外使用的层流流量计的层流发生体其结构形式基本一致,通常是由一定宽度的波纹钢板和平钢板叠放在一起绕制而成,钢板是用极薄的不锈钢特殊加工制作,厚度一般不超过0.2mm,具有很好的刚性和延展性。
3 inches 76.2 mm DiameterSPECIFICATIONSMeter Body: Acrylic, clearFloats: #316 Stainless Steel (optional Hastelloy)Float Stops: PolysulfoneGuidewire: #316 Stainless Steel (optional Hastelloy)Adapters: PVCO-Rings: Viton and AflasScale: Permanent Dual Scale SilkscreenMax. Pressure: See Temperature vs. Pressure chart*Max. Temperature: See Temperature vs. Pressure chart*®Your Blue-White F-430 Series In-Line Flowmeter®Your Blue-White flowmeter was designed to be easy to install.Please read the Instruction Guideline on the next page before installing your flowmeter.This flowmeter is an instrument, and special care should be taken when installing.Unpacking the Flowmeter!Check for damage while unpacking the flowmeter.!Remove the plastic tube that has been inserted during packaging for shipping reasons.!Be sure the meter is suitable for your application.!The maximum temperature and pressure is shown on the following page.®!Although the meter may be suitable for other chemicals, Blue-White meters are tested withwater and air only. If you are unsure of the meters compatibility with your chemical, consult the factory.®!Blue-White guarantees the meter is suitable with air and water only.Installation GuidelinePlease use the following steps to guide you through the installation.1. Flowmeter must be installed in an exact verticalplane to ensure accuracy.2. Use PTFE tape (or similar)for the flowmetersthreaded adapters. Acrylic and other exotic plastics cannot tolerate PVC Glue and/or pipe dope. Even fumes can cause crazing. If you are installing your flowmeter to a glued pipe configu-ration, install flowmeter after all glued fittings are dried and lines are purged of all fumes.Never hold the meter with pliers or like tools. DO NOT OVER-TIGHTEN!3. Wall, floor and ceiling mounts are to be carefullyaligned and sturdy. Wall, floor and ceiling sup-ports are recommended as needed.4. Valves - Avoid a system that will impose a sudden burst of flow to the meter . Such a burst willcause the float to impact the float stop with destructive force. Solenoid valves, or other quick opening valves cannot be used unless meter is protected against sudden bursts of flow.5. Maximum working pressure not to exceed recommended psi at fluid temperature (see TemperatureVs. Pressure chart).Temperature vs. PressurePressure Temperatureand PSIg / BARTemperature130°F / 54.4°C 120°F / 48.9°C 110°F / 43.3°C 100°F / 37.8°C 90°F / 32.2°C 140°F / 60°C 80°F / 26.7°C 70°F / 21.1°C0 / 025 / 1.750 / 3.575 / 5.2100 / 6.9130 / 9Pressure and temperature limits are inversely proportional. At the maximum suggested pressure the tempera-ture should approach 70°F / 21.1°C; at the maximum suggested temperature the pressure should approach zero psi. We cannot guarantee our flowmeters will not be damaged either at or below the suggested limits simply because of many factors which influence meter integrity; stress resulting from meter misalignment, damage due to excessive vibration and/or deterioration caused by contact with certain chemicals as well as direct sunlight. These situations and others tend to reduce the strength of the materials from which the meters are manufactured.Flowmeters are tested and calibrated for water or air only.Although meters may be suitable for other chemicals, Blue-White cannot guarantee their suitability. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the suitability of the flowmeter in their application.Application NoteExploded View and Parts ListMaintenanceThe “Exploded View” drawing illustrates assembly of the F-430N series meter. If your flowmeter needs to be cleaned refer to this drawing when reassembling the unit. The tapered tube may be cleaned with a soft bottle brush. Use a MILD soap and water solution for cleaning purposes. Note the floats “up” position.Blue-white Industries Limited WarrantyFLOWMETERS are warranted to be free of defects in material and workmanship for up to 12 months from the date of factoryshipment. Warranty coverage is limited to repair or replacement of the defective flowmeter only. Blue-White Industries does not assume responsibility for any other damage that may occur.This warranty does not cover damage to the flowmeter that results from misuse or alterations, nor damage that occurs as a result of: meter misalignment, improper installation, over tightening, use of non- recommended chemicals, use of non-reccomended adhesives or pipe dopes, excessive heat or pressure, or allowing the meter to support the weight of related piping. Flowmeters are tested and calibrated with water and air only. Although meters may be suitable for other chemicals, Blue-White cannot guarantee their suitability.Flowmeters are repaired at the factory only. Call or write the factory to receive a Return Authorization Number, carefully pack the flowmeter to be returned, including a brief description of the problem. Note the RA number on the outside of the carton.Prepay all shipping costs. The factory does not accept COD Shipments. Damage that occurs during shipping is the responsibility of the sender.BLUE-WHITE INDUSTRIES5300 Business Drive, Huntington Beach, CA 92649(714) 893-8529 • FAX (714) 894-9492F-430 Parts List. 1-1/2” and 2” male NPTF -430 A c r y l i c M e t e r T u b e12345674321。
表一:文丘里流量计实验数据表
表二:孔板流量计实验数据表
表三、转子流量计实验数据表
六、实验结果分析和讨论
1.在双对数坐标纸上标绘出两种流量计标定曲线(压差—流量关系),拟合二者方程是否满足理论上的关系,讨论误差原因;并比较两种流量计阻力损失大小。
答:由图中的方程来看,二者的方程基本满足理论上ΔP=q²ρ/2(CoAo)²的关系。
但是系数并不为2,误差的原因可能是: (1)、刚开始时,仪器并不稳定,压差增大比较缓慢(2)、把最开始的压力调的较小了。
由图中曲线的斜率可以看出,文丘里的直线斜率较小,说明文丘里流量计的阻力损失比孔板流量计的损失小。
2.在半对数坐标纸上标绘出两种流量计流量系数与雷诺数之间的关系(Co或Cv—Re关系),分析所标绘曲线的结论。
答:(1)、从文丘里流量计的Cv与Re关系图可知随着雷诺数的增大,流量系数Cv逐渐减小,当雷诺数减少到一定值时,流量系数Cv不再随Re变化,保持恒定。
(2)、从孔板流量计的Co与Re关系图可知随着雷诺数的增大,流量系数Co逐渐减小,当雷诺数减少到一定值时,流量系数Co不再随Re变化,保持恒定。
3.在直角坐标纸上标绘出转子流量计的校正曲线(涡轮流量计流量与转子流量计流量之间的关系),并进行讨论。
答:校正曲线的线性为0.9985,接近于1,说明转子流量计的读数与涡轮流量计读数比较一致,从中可以看出实验所用的转子流量计读数精确度较高。
4.用最大误差法对节流式流量计的流量系数进行误差估算和分析。
以孔板流量计第组数据为例:
①、d=17mm
绝对误差D(d)=1mm×0.5=0.5mm
相对误差Er(d)=D(d)/d=0.5/17=0.029
②、Q= m3/h
绝对误差D(Q)=1m3/h×0.5=0.5 m3/h
相对误差Er(Q)=D(Q)/Q=0.5/ =
③、ΔP=Kpa
绝对误差D(ΔP)=1Kpa×0.5=0.5 Kpa
相对误差Er(ΔP)=D(ΔP)/ΔP=0.5/=
④、最后计算结果数据的误差估算:
Co=
Er(Co)=Er(Q)+2Er(d)+1/2Er(ΔP)=
D(Co)=Co·Er(Co)=
所以孔板流量计流量系数Co测定结果表示为:Co= ±D(Co)=
⑤、各测量值的误差占总误差的比例
2Er(d)/Er(Co)=((2×0.029)/ )×100%=16.8%
Er(Q)/Er(Co)=
1/2Er(△P)/Er(Co)=
当Q、ΔP取不同值时,所对应的相对误差的绝对误差,Er(Co),D(Co)也会发生变化,各测量值的误差占总误差的比例也会不同。
各计算结果如下表所示。
误差原因分析:由上表的计算结果可知,孔板流量计的流量系数Co的误差主要来源是流量Q的测量,由于操作过程中流速增加不均匀,导致流量Q的测量不准确,造成Q值有误差。
另外孔径d也会影响Co的大小,可以通过多次测量d值取平均值来减小误差。
相对于Q、d而言,△P对实验结果的影响较小,因为随着流量的增大,压差读数稳定增长。
以文丘里流量计第组数据为例:
①、d=15mm
绝对误差D(d)=1mm×0.5=0.5mm
相对误差Er(d)=D(d)/d=0.5/15=0.033
②、Q= m3/h
绝对误差D(Q)=1m3/h×0.5=0.5 m3/h
相对误差Er(Q)=D(Q)/Q=
③、ΔP=Kpa
绝对误差D(ΔP)=1Kpa×0.5=0.5 Kpa
相对误差Er(ΔP)=D(ΔP)/ΔP=
④、最后计算结果数据的误差估算:
Cv=
Er(Cv)=Er(Q)+2Er(d)+1/2Er(ΔP)=
D(Cv)=Cv·Er(Cv)=
所以孔板流量计流量系数Co测定结果表示为:Cv= ±D(Cv)=
⑤、各测量值的误差占总误差的比例
2Er(d)/Er(Cv)=((2×0.033)/ )×100%=
Er(Q)/Er(Cv)=
1/2Er(△P)/Er(Cv)=
当Q、ΔP取不同值时,所对应的相对误差的绝对误差,Er(Cv),D(Cv)也会发生变化,各测量值的误差占总误差的比例也会不同。
各计算结果如下表所示。
误差原因分析:由上表的计算结果可知,文丘里流量计的流量系数Cv的误差主要来源是流量Q的测量,由于操作过程中流速增加不均匀,造成流量上下波动,无法让其稳定并持续一段时间,而使Q值有误差。
另外喉径d也会影响Cv的大小,可以通过多次测量d值取平均值来减小误差。
相对于Q、d而言,△P对实验结果的影响较小,因为随着流量的增大,压差读数稳定增长。
七、思考题
1、如何排除管路中的气体?
答:选择实验流量计,全开启流量控制阀,打开压差传感器的四个阀门,在流体流量最大的情况下,让流体流动一段时间,赶走系统中的气泡,达到排气的目的。
2、流量计为什么要标定?
答:因为厂家生产的流量计时的实验条件与实验室操作时的条件不一致。
一般情况下,实验操作过程中所用的流量通常小于实际工程的操作流量,并不处于流量计的标准状态。
为了是测量的数据更加准确,必须进行流量计的标定。