2005年1月托福考试真题

托福模拟题：2005年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟测试题（2-2）-托福模拟题2005年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟测试题（2-2）READING COMPREHENSION-10two things: the inventionof labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-savingmachinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe, said ThomasJefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant: here it is tomake the most of our labor, land being abundant. It was in the United States, therefore,that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came.plow, farmers could havecarried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs; by 1860,most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The mostimportant of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1790 Charles Newboldof New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entirefortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, were not interested in it,claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless, manypeople devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869 JamesOliver of South Bend,Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.1.What is the main topic of the passage?(A) The need for agricultural advances to help feed a growing population(B) The development of safer machines demanded by the labor movement(C) Machinery that contributed to the agricultural revolution(D) New Jersey as a leader in the agricultural revolution2.The word "naturally" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) unsurprisingly(B) gradually(C) apparently(D) safely3. The expression "make the most of" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) get the best yield from(B) raise the price of(C) exaggerate the worth of(D) earn a living on4. Which of the following can be inferred from what Thomas Jefferson said (line 3-5)?(A) Europe was changing more quickly than the United States.(B) Europe had greater need of farm machinery than the United States did.(C) The United States was finally running out of good farmland.(D) There was a shortage of workers on United States farms.5.The word "here" in line 4 refers to(A) Europe(B) United States(C) New Jersey(D) Indiana6. What point is the author making by stating that farmers could carry nearly all their tools ontheir backs.(A) Farmers had few tools before the agricultural revolution.(B) People in the United States were traditionally self-reliant.(C) Life on the farm was extremely difficult.(D) New tools were designed to be portable.7. When was the iron plow invented?(A)In 1790.(B) In the early 1800 s.(C) In 1869.(D) In the early 1900 s.8. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Charles Newbold is true?(A) He was James Oliver s assistant.(B) He was born in Europe.(C) He was opposed to scientific agriculture.(D) He spent his own money to promote his invention.9. The word "it" in line 12 refers to(A) scientific agriculture(B) James Oliver s invention(C) the cast-iron plow(D) Charles Newbold s fortune10. Why did farmers reject Newbold s plow?(A) Their horses were frightened by it.(B) They preferred lighter tools.(C) It was too expensive.(D) They thought it would ruin the land.Questions 1l-20able to withstand the winter.A bird s feathery coat is good insulation against the cold. Because a bird is warm-blooded, its body temperature always remains constant, even if the temperature of itssurroundings changes.difficult to explain. Thisbehavior seems to be instinctive, not learned. For example, many northern species leavetheir summer homes while the weather is still warm and the foodsupply plentiful. Youngarctic terns born at the arctic breeding grounds will lake off with the flock for distantlands they have never seen.egulated by the glandular system. Scientists suspectthat the changing length of the day is the factor that triggers migratory behavior. In anexperiment, migratory birds were kept in artificially lighted rooms. It was found thatif periods of darkness were lengthened proportionately, the glands of the birds becameactive. These glands secrete hormones, which are chemicals that control[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页2005年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟测试题（2-2）numerous bodyfunctions. Shorter periods of daylight seem to change the hormone balance of birds, sothat they retain more fat. This stored fat is the fuel that provides the energy for a longflight. The same experiment revealed that the birds became more excited as the artificialnight was lengthened. It is probably no coincidence that most flocks begin their migratoryflights during the night.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Common migratory paths for birds(B) Why birds migrate(C) Species of birds that do not migrate(D) Migration in cold climates12. The word "withstand" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) prefer(B) tolerate(C) regulate(D) understand13. According to the passage, which of the following protects birds against cold weather?(A) Glands(B) Hormones(C) Feathers(D) Artificial light14. The word "constant" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) invariable(B) persistent(C) predictable(D) responsive15. The word "its" in line 3 refers to(A) temperature >(B) cold(C) coat(D) bird16. In lines 7-9, the author mentions young arctic terns as an example of birds that(A) do not migrate(B) breed during migration(C) migrate instinctively(D) adapt to the coldl7. The word "they" in line 16 refers to(A) glands(B) birds(C) body functions(D) hormones18. According to the passage, birds exposed to longer periods of darkness experience all of the following changes EXCEPT(A) activated glands(B) excited behavior(C) retention of more fat(D) increased appetite19. In the experiment mentioned in the passage, the scientists adjusted the birds(A) food supply(B) body temperatures(C) exposure to light(D) brain chemistry20. Where in the passage does the author mention the substance that enables birds to fly long distances?(A) Lines 2-4(B) Lines 5-7(C) Lines 10-11(D) Lines 16-17Question 21-30development of statisticalmethods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records ofgovernmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and agentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playingthe odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, isrepresented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering. and the taking ofcensuses --- all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence ofthe father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.describing collections of data.These data may be quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level -variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum - orthe data may representqualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large masses of datamust generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they arecomprehensible. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing orreducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass or data.statistics is a formalized body of methods forproblems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general classof problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample ofobservations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportionof children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have beenvaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendentwould know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportionfor the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as l00children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristicsof a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.21. With what is the passage mainly concerned ?(A) The drawbacks of descriptive and inferential statistics(B) Applications of inferential statistics(C) The development and use of statistics(D) How to use descriptive statistics22. The word "divergent" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) different(B) distributed(C) recorded(D) prominent23. According to th上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页2005年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟测试题（2-2）e first paragraph, counting and census-taking arc associated with(A) inferential statistics(B) descriptive statistics(C) unknown variables(D) qualitative changes24. Why does the author mention the "mother" and "father" in thefirst paragraph?(A) To point out that parents can teach their children statistics(B) To introduce inferential statistic(C) To explain that there are different kinds of variables(D) To present the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable way25. The word "squarely" in line 8 could best be replaced by(A) solidly(B) geometrically(C) rectangularly(D) haphazrardly26. Which of the following is NOT given an example of a qualitative variable?(A) Gender(B) Height(C) College major(D) Type of personality27. The word "they" in line 13 refers to(A) variables(B) masses(C) descriptive statistics(D) properties28. Which of the following statements about descriptive statistics is best supported by thepassage?(A) It reduces large amounts of data to a more comprehensible form.(B) It is based on probability.(C) It can be used by people with little knowledge of mathematics.(D) It measures only qualitative differences.29. The word "unwieldy" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) unmanageable(B) unpredictable(C) understandable(D) unreliable30. According to the passage, what is the purpose of examining a sample of a population?(A) To compare different groups(B) To predict characteristics of the entire population(C) To detect differences not observable in the whole population(D) To compile more accurate dataQuestions 31-40an American Indian reservation, and a national forest. Along the North Fork of the Flathead River, the parkalso borders about 17,000 acres of private lands that are currently used for ranching,timber, and agriculture. This land is an important part of the habitat and migratory routesfor several endangered species that frequent the park. These private lands are essentiallythe only ones available for development in the region.land-use planningeffort to guide the future of the North Fork. The park is a partner in an interlocalagreement that calls for resource-managing agencies to work together and with the morethan 400 private owners in the area. A draft plan has been prepared, with the objective ofmaintaining traditional economic uses but limiting new development that would damagepark resources. Voluntary action by landowners, in cooperation with the park and thecounty, is helping to restrict small-lot subdivisions, maintain wildlife corridors, andminimize any harmful impact on the environment.protection effort may havebeen stimulated by concerns that Congress would impose a legislative solution.Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the existing character of the area.Meetings between park officials and landowners have led to adramatically improvedunderstanding of all concerns.31. The passage mainly discusses(A) the endangered species in Glacier National Park(B) the protection of lands surrounding Glacier National Park(C) conservation laws imposed by the state of Montana(D) conservation laws imposed by Congress32. Why are the private lands surrounding Glacier National Park so important?(A) They function as a hunting preserve.(B) They are restricted to government use.(C) They are heavily populated.(D) They contain natural habitats of threatened species.33. The word "ones" in line 6 refers to(A) private lands(B) endangered species(C) migratory routes(D) ranching, timber, agriculture34. The word "initiated" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) started(B) requested(C) purchased(D) considered35. The relationship between park officials and neighboring landowners may best bedescribed as(A) indifferent(B) intimate(C) cooperative(D) disappointing36. It can be inferred from the passage that a major interest of the officials of GlacierNational Park is to(A) limit land development around the park(B) establish a new Park in Montana(C) influence national legislation(D) settle border disputes with Canada37. In lines 15-16, the author implies that landowners might be responding to environmentalconcerns for which of the following reasons?上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页2005年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟测试题（2-2）(A) They wish to stimulate economic growth.(B) They wish to improve their public image.(C) They have a tradition of cooperating with the government.(D) They fear federal legislation.38. The word "stimulated" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) motivated(B) anticipated(C) substituted(D) undermined39. The word "retain" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) preserve(B) possess(C) enjoy(D) improve40. Where in the passage does the author mention the purpose of the plan developedby local landowners and park officials?(A) Lines 1-2(B) Lines 4-6(C) Lines 10-14(D) Lines 15-17Question 41-50only slightly from placeto place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basicprocesses that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of waterfrom the ocean by means of evaporation --- conversion of liquid water to water vapor. Inthis manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to theextreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added tothe ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This mayoccur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thussalinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by theaddition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.ocean salinity issomewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as muchevaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhatlower than in other oceanic areas.with the formation andmelting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. Inthis manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than itdid before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease thesalinity of the surrounding water.ll Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as aresult of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavywater sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.4l. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The elements of salt(B) The bodies of water of the world(C) The many forms of ocean life(D) The salinity of ocean water42. The word "this" in line 5 refers to(A) ocean(B) evaporation(C) salinity(D) crystals43. According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in(A) coastal areas(B) tropical areas(C) rainy areas(D) turbulent areas44. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT(A) evaporation(B) precipitation(C) runoff(D) melting45. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body water can best beinferred from the passage?(A) The temperature of the water is the most important factor.(B) The speed with which water moves is directly related to the amount of salt.(C) Ocean salinity has little effect on sea life.(D) Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.46. The word "altered" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) determined(B) changed(C) accumulated(D) needed47. The world "it" in line 18 refers to(A) sea ice(B) salinity(C) seawater(D) manner48. Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea?(A) To show that this body of water has salinity variations(B) To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters(C) To give an example of increased salinity due to freezing(D) To point out the location of deep waters49. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?(A) The salt remains in the water.(B) The surrounding water sinks.(C) Water salinity decreases.(D) The water becomes denser.50. What can be inferred about the water near the bottom of oceans?(A) It is relatively warm.(B) Its salinity is relatively high.(C) It does not move.(D) It evaporates quickly.上一页[1] [2] [3] [4]上一页[1] [2] [3] [4]。

2005年01月托福真题听力原文1.M: I’m concerned about this big storm that’s coming. Do you thing we should cancel tomorrow’s trip?W: It’s your call. We all voted for you to being in charge, remember? We trust your judgment.2M: We are going to get together to sometime this week to play tennis. How about after math class this afternoon? It’s such a nice day.W: Oh I promised Jane that I go swimming with her.3.W: I am so tired I can’t wait to go home. I’ve been here in lab all day working on this experiment for chemistry classM: I know what your mean. So am I.4.M: Excuse me, does this library have anything on the international arts festival coming this summer or should I go to the art library for that?W: If you give a minute, I think we have a few sources for that kind of information. 5.M: This is a very interesting book you have there, Marsha. Do you think you could lend it to me sometime this week?W: I’d like to, but someone else already asked me about it, but if you remind me in a few weeks…6.M: You didn’t think the concert when turn out this great, did you?W: I sure didn’t. I heard this band once before and didn’t think they were all that hot.7.M: I’m so tired. I spent all last night thinking about the graduation speech I have to give in a couple of daysW: Come on, you will a fine. Just don’t stress yourself out, and, um, try to get some rest.8.M: I hear that the new apartment you and Sally got is really nice. When are you two going to invite me over?W: As seems that we finish the panting the place, though we still haven’t decided on the color.9.M: Hey Jean, can you take a look at this copy machine? I can’t turn it on.W: I am actually in the middle of something. How about in a couple of minutes? 10.W: Well I thought of Robert for the class committee. He is a very responsible person.. M: Right, but it would be good if you can suggest some other names, too.11.W: Hi, I hope you con help me. I need the 2nd edition of the United States government for my class on Monday afternoon. But I only see the 1st edition on the shelf. And I’ve already checked the other bookstores around hereM: Yes, Someone else asked about this book earlier. I’ve called the warehouse and they are shipping copies to us. We should have them Monday morning.12.M: What do you want to do tonight? You up for the movies?W: Don’t you ever feel like going anywhere new?13.M: Did you have heard Carl being nominated for mayor?W: Yes, it really floored me.14M: This old typewriter has been sitting on the spare desk all semester. It’s just gathering dust from what I can see.W: Someone should ask the department to get rid of it. We could use this space.15.W: I hope you’re not doing any thing tonight. I’m planning a surprise birthday party for my roommate.M: Sounds good to me. I have to work this afternoon, but I’m free after that.16.W: Jack, was today’s German class cancelled? I came five minutes late and there was nobody in the classroom.M: Oh, I’m sorry. I forgot we support to let you know that we were meeting in the language lab today.17.W: Isn’t it a bit late for coffee, John?M: My psychology report has to be finished by morning, so I need to putting in allnighter18.W: I would like some fresh produce. I just don’t like the quality of what they are selling in the local grocery store.M: Well I know a farm that grows and sells fruits and vegetables. It’s not too far from campus and it’s definitely better than the store.19.W: I’ve been wanting to visit Pam at the infirmary, but I don’t get off work until after visiting hours.M: Don’t they have hours on weekends?20.M: Um, the chemistry class you want to take has a required lab section.W: Oh, I’m sure glad you pointed that out.21.W: Are you ready to head over to the library? Oh, do you have your student ID card with you this time?M: It’s right here…ah, I must have left it in my room. I’ll be right back.22.W: I know you have a lot to do, but you were supposed make those phone calls last night. You know about tomorrow’s theater club meeting?M: Yeah, I guess I am dragging my heels on this.23.W: So what did you think of the lecture? Isn’t that professor something?M: She was pretty impressive. Too bad about the weather though; otherwise I’m sure there would’ve been a lot more people.24M: What do you think? Should I wear my green sweater or my XX one?W: Well the green one is heavier. It’s pretty chilly outside you know.25.M: Hi, I’d like to see the manager of the store; I’m interesting applying for a job. W: She’s going to be tied up in meetings all day today and tomorrow.26.M: Excuse me, I can’t seem to find the book I need. Can you look it up for me on your computer?W: I wish I could, but i t’s not working.27.M: Another one of the letters I mailed last week has been returned!W: Didn’t you realize the airmail rates went up a month ago?28M: Mary looks surprised.W: Didn’t you hear? She won full scholarship for next year.29.W: So I hear you’re really happy with your new car. I bet it’s a lot better than the last one you got stuck with, the one you bought from Cathy?M: You can say that again. I’m sure I’m made a good choice this time.30W: What a day! We haven’t had weather like this for ages.M: I know. What you say we put off studying for a little while and take the advantage of it?Q31-34W: Hey Joe, that was a really great presentation you just gave.M: You think so? I was really worried about it. My hands were shaking and every thing.W: To me, you sounded really natural and well prepared.M: Oh, I’m relieved to hear you say that. It took me over a month to put that presentation together..W: It sounded like it. Hey, before you forget, are you free tonight?M: Yeah, I guess so. Why?W: My mother and my little brother are in town and my mom bought these theater tickets months ago and …M: What show?W: It’s called…a Metamorphosis by Avid. It’s play written back the ancient Rome, It’s supposed to be really great.M: Don’t say another word, I’d love to go..W: Oh, uh, I don’t know how to tell you this but I’m actually going with my mother. And I was wondering if you could be babysit my little brother while my mom and I go to the play.M: Ah. How embarrassing. Ah, sure, no problem. What time should I show up?W: At seven o’clock at my place. He won’t be any trouble. You can just watch a video with him or something.M: Yeah, that sounds okay. I‘ll see you tonight then.W: Uh, Joe, I’m really sorry about the misunderstanding. I know you thought I was waiting you and…well I apologize if I mislead you.M: Actually I think it’s kind of funny. Don’t worry. We’ll laugh about it later.W: Oh, thanks a million. See you at sevenQ35-38M: Hello.W: Hi Tom, it’s Diane from creative writing class.M: Oh, hi Diane. What’s up?W: Well, I have a new project I thought you might be interested in. I’m starting up a writers’ group. You know, a support group for people who are trying to get published. M: Hmm, How would it work?W: We get together once a week. I’ve already arranged for a meeting room at the library, and then we’d share what we were working on and offer each other the advice. M: I could use some advice. I’m working on a short story that I’d like to get published in the Campus Literary Review. You’ve done that haven’t you? Didn’t I see a poem of yours in last month’s issue?W: Yes, I was so excited to finally see my work in print. It was my third submission. You just have to keep trying if they turn you down.M: Well I’m sure the group could help me, but I don’t know how much I can contribute. I’m really just starting out. I do a lot of work, but I’m definitely still a novice.W: That’s okay. I know from your comments in class, and you will be an asset. We are going to get some more experience to help, too. Professor Mitchel l’s agreed to sit in on a few sessions, and she’s also going to make up a list of local professionals who might be willing to spend some time with us.M: Sounds great! You can definitely count me in.Q39-42Nowadays we are constantly surrounded by news and information. But I want to take you back you a time when newspapers first started to be printed in the United States…well, back then they were still British colonies. Anyway, let’s discuss for a moment the role newspapers played in colonial times…uh…around the early 1700’s. Before that time, there were of course many printed materials…books certainly but also pamphlets, government and legal documents, things of this sort. The first colonial newspaper to appear was not what we would expect today. It was only one small sheet printed on two sides. It was also different from the United States’ newspapers today in that all news had to be officially approved by the governor before printing. An early printer name James Franklin, took a courageous step by starting an independent newspaper. Franklin, who owned his own printing press, wanted to be free from outside control. Above all, he wanted a paper that entertained the people with humors and critical news items. Franklin’s newspaper was especially significant because literacy was increasing at the time. Even those who weren’t able to read were exposed to the information in the newspapers by hearing it. Newspapers were read loud everywhere: in homes, workshops and taverns. By the mid 1700’s, there were more than a dozen colonial newspapers. What James Franklin began was a tradition of an independent press where ideas and information spread quickly, and humor anddifferent opinions were tolerated.Q43-46Let’s move the discussion away from Jupiter itself and look at its moons. Now there is one particular that’s been in the news recently, and that’s Ganymede. We’d known for a long time that Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system, but in 1996, the Galileo space probe sent back some information showing us that Ganymede in many ways behaves like a full-fledged planet. Now Ganymede is larger than Mercury and about half the size of the earth. It’s covered with ice and some dark, rocky debris. What Galileo has shown us though is that Ganymede’s surface is deeply wrinkled with ridges and fissures, a sign that it experiences some of the same dynamic forces that move continents and cause quakes on earth. But Galileo detected an even bigger surprise for scientists. Ganymede appears to generate its own magnetic field. That’s a planet like quality that set it apart from all other moons. Now what causes is this magnetic field is a matter of debate for the scientists. But all are a couple of possibilities. It could mean that despite its cold exterior, Ganymede has a core of a molten metal inside it generating the magnetic field. That’s what causes the earth’s magnetic field. Or it could mean that there is a thin layer of salty water conducting electricity just beneath Ganymede’s surface. Something else Galileo was able to detect as it flew by Ganymede was sudden increase in the density of electrically charge particles. Now what this indicates is the presence of an ionosphere, which in turn has let scientists to believe that Ganymede has some sort of atmosphere, however thin it may be.Q47-50Let’s talk about an environmental issue that has to do with how common household products have changed. More and more products contain bacteria killing chemicals these days. These antibacterial chemicals aren’t just in product like soap. They’re in all sorts of household cleaners and in toothpaste, and if you think about it for second you will realize that most of those chemicals just end up going down the drain. But you are probably thinking that all that stuff goes through a treatment plant that removes chemicals, right? After all, that’s what happens to stuff that goes down the drain. Well, wastewater is treated, but that doesn’t usually remove all the chemicals in it. The chemicals left in the treated water get into the aquatic environment; that is into the rivers and streams where plants or fish and other animals live. Now to find out the effects of antibacterial chemicals in freshwater ecosystems, a study was done with algae, which are tiny plantlike organisms. Different species of algae was taken to a lab and exposed to just few antibacterial chemicals found in the streams. And guess what? In the experiment, the overall growth of algae and the number of species dropped. This is not good and here is why. Algae are the base of the aquatic of food chain, which means the other organisms depend on them for food. So if the chemicals kill algae at the bottom of the food chain, the whole system is being disrupted.。

托福05年1月份局部语法真题托福05年1月份局部语法真题16. In the eighteenth century, quilting became a mon technique in the American colonies for make of coverlets sewed in floral and geometric designs.17. The puter’s plex circuitry is miniaturized inside silicon chips, wafer-thin silicon crystals with circuits electronic etched onto them. 18. Centrifuges are widely use to separate liquids having different densities or to separate solids from liquids.19. There is le evidence of that about 700 million years ago, glaciers reached well into what are now tropical regions.20. Mathematics is a tool that can help solve problems and lead to new developments in other fields, such as space flight, medical, and architecture.21. The meter of the English poetry is determined by accented syllables rather by the quantities of vowels. 22. In the nieenth-century United States, it was assumed that growth, change, and progressivederived mainly from individual effort and petition. 23. Swelling of the mucous membranes, cause by irritants, allergies, or infections, may block the nasal passages, making breathing difficult. 24. The spearmint plant, which grows to about three feet height, has stalkless leaves and lax, tapering spikes of flowers that are usually pink or lilac. 25. Germ theory definedprecisely how diseases affect tissues and described their passage from one living creature to other.。

11 第⼀题考such...as 还有⼀题与OG中加州地震⼏乎⼀模⼀样，但答案全变了，全部五个答案都⽤IT指代发⽣在东和西的两个⽐较的地震对象，与原解释不⼀致，此题还是考的平⾏结构 12 The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending from northern Ecuador through Peru to Southern Chile. A Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending B Columbus was the Incan highway, over 2,500 miles in length, and extended C Columbus, the Incan highway, which was over 2,500 miles in length and extended D Columbus, the Incan highway, being over 2,500 miles in length, was extended E Columbus, the Incan highway was over 2,500 miles long, extending just as...so 13 SC：GWD开始，GWD结束。

第⼀题：GWD-9-Q1: A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer’s Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man. A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright’s Native Son and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man 这题我选的是E 最后⼀题：GWD-6-Q41: The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending from northern Ecuador through Peru to Southern Chile. A. Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending B. Columbus was the Incan highway, over 2,500 miles in length, and extended C. Columbus, the Incan highway, which was over 2,500 miles in length and extended D. Columbus, the Incan highway, being over 2,500 miles in length, was extended E. Columbus, the Incan highway was over 2,500 miles long, extending 巧了，这两道题在各⾃的单元⾥也是1和41 其他的主语平⾏结构。

托福05年01月5月8月真题答案第一篇：托福 05年01月5月8月真题答案2005年1月听力bcdbd cddad bcdda abbdc bdcba aaCdc bcacc bdaba bcbda ccdab语法bcdbc bcacb cbdcb ccabd cbabd adaca bcdcd bcbdc 阅读Dcaac cdaaB bdcac aAdbd cbBca cadda bcdaa cbbdD dbabd cdcBb2005年5月听力ADABA ABABB BCDBC DCBAD CBABC DADCC CBACC ADBBC DCBDA CABBD 语法BADBC ACBCD ACACC DCDBD CDBDC ADBDB DACDB DADBD 阅读ABCBD DDCAD BDCDA ACDAB DCBDB CADDB ACCBC ABDDD ACAAD CCBDC2005年08月听力DCBDA ABBDD BDDCB ACBDB CABAC DDAAC BCCBA ABDDB BCADC BBBAD语法ACDAB DBDAB CDABB ADADC BBCBC DCCBD ACBBD CDDDC阅读ACBAC BADCA BBCDB BDBAC DBADD ACBCC DBBAC DACBC AABCD DDCBB第二篇：2005年10月份托福阅读真题及答案（推荐）Question 11-21: Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples.Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper(or other material)against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied.When the paper is removed, the image adheres toit, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D.for applying patterns to textiles.The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper.Woodcuts are created by a relief process;first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink.The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised.The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image.It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century.It is an intaglio process(from Italian intagliare, “to carve”).The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin.The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves.An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics.Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines.Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print.Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark.Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images.A set of multiples is called an edition.Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear.Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.11.What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The originsof textile decoration B.The characteristics of good-quality printsC.Two types of printmakingD.Types of paper used in printmaking12.The word “prime” in line 2 is closest in meaning toA.principalplexC.generalD.recent 13.The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to describe A.the woodcuts found in China in the fifth century B.the use of woodcuts in the textile industry C.the process involved in creating a woodcut D.the introduction of woodcuts to Europe 14.The word “incised” in line 15 is closest in meaning to A.burned B.cut C.framed D.baked15.Which of the following terms is defined in the passage/A.“patterns”(line 5)B.“grain”(line 8)C.“burin”(line16)D.“grooves”(line 17)16.The word “distinctive” in line 19 is closest in meaning to A.unique B.accurate C.irregular D.similar 17.According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that it A.developed from the art of the goldsmiths B.requires that the paper be cut with a burin C.originated in the fifteenth century D.involves carving into a metal plate 18.The word “yield” in line 23 is closest in meaning to A.imitate B.produce C.revise D.contrast 19.According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common?A.Their designs are slightly raised.B.They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.C.They were first used in Europe.D.They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.20.According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century? A.Prints could be made at low cost.B.The quality of paper and ink had improved.C.Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.D.Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.21.According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that they A.can be reproduced onmaterials other than paper B.are created from a reversed image C.show variations between light and dark shades D.require a printing pressQuestions 22-31: The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers.Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops.Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead.Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio.The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A.D.400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay.Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located.This complex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D.700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century.At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America.Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale.They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans.Indeed, agriculture became soimportant to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun---the guarantor of good crops.Many tribes called themselves “children of the Sun” and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns.Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame.Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples.The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.22.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The development of agricultureB.The locations of towns and villagesC.The early people and cultures of the United StatesD.The construction of burial mounds 23.Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States? A.The development of trade in North America B.The establishment of permanent settlements C.Conflicts with other Native American groups over land D.A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.24.What does the term “Adena-Hopewell”(line 7)designate? A.The early locations of the Adena-Hopewell culture B.The two most important nations of the Adena-Hopewell culture C.Two former leaders who were honored with large burial mounds.D.Two important trade routes in eastern North America 25.The word “bartering” in line 9 is closest in meaning to A.producing B.exchanging C.transporting D.loading 26.The word “supplanted” in line 13 is closest in meaning to A.conquered B.preceded C.replaced D.imitated 27.According to the passage, when did the Mississippian culture reach its highest point of development? A.About A.D.400 B.Between A.D.400 AND A.D.700 C.About A.D.1200 D.In thesixteenth century 28.According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors? A.The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of food.B.The Mississippians sold their food to other groups.C.The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates.D.The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.29.Why does the author mention that many Mississippians tribes called themselves “children of the Sun”(line 22)? A.To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs.B.T o argue about the importance of religion in their culture.C.To illustrate the great importance they placed on agriculture.D.To provide an example of their religious rituals.30.The phrase “charged with” in line 26 is closest in meaning to A.passed on B.experienced at C.interested in D.assigned to 31.According to the passage, the flat-topped mounds in Mississippian towns were used for all of the following purposes EXCEPT A.religious ceremonies B.meeting places for the entire community C.sites for commerce D.burial sites Question 32-40: Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790.Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport.Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard.Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development.Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior.The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment,is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster.The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates.(The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation.Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense.Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie.Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger stagecoaches.The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania.It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill.Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier.Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had four benches, each holding three persons.It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs;slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.32.Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of the A.popularity of turnpikes B.financing of new roads C.development of the interior ws governing road use 33.The word “primitive” in line 1 is closest in meaning to A.unsafe B.unknown C.inexpensive D.undeveloped 34.In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country withA.other inland communitiesB.towns in other statesC.river towns or seaportsD.construction sites 35.The phrase “on the threshold of” in line 4 and 5 is closest in meaning to A.in need of B.in place of C.at the start of D.with the purpose of 36.According to the passage, why did states want private companies to help with road building? A.The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B.The states were not as well equipped as private companies.C.Private companies could complete roads faster than the states.D.Private companies had greater knowledge of the interior.37.The word “it” in line 11 refers to A.legislature pany C.authority D.payment 38.The word “imitation” in line 14 is closest in meaning to A.investment B.suggestion C.increasing D.copying 39.Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state that A.built roads without tollgates B.built roads with government money pleted 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one year D.introduced new law restricti ng road use 40.The “large, broad wheels” of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example of a feature of wagons that was A.unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehicles B.first found in Germany C.effective on roads with uneven surfaces D.responsible for frequent damage to freightQuestion 41-50: In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively.Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration on cars.That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks.Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying and wedging.This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their bottoms with saltwater.Such conditions exist in many areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley.There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface.Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground.Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within stones.These crystals grow as long as salt water is available.Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains.Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite crystals(the same as everyday table salt)by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses.A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice.Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon.Not restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.41.What is the passage mainly about? A.The destructive effects of salt on rocks.B.The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.C.The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.D.Thedamaging effects of salt on roads and highways.42.The word “it” in line 9 refers to A.salty water B.groundwater table C.capillary action D.sediment 43.The word “exert” in line 14 is closest in meaning to A.put B.reduce C.replace D.control 44.In lines 13-17, why does the author compare tree roots with growing salt crystals? A.They both force hard surfaces to crack.B.They both grow as long as water is available.C.They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.D.They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.45.In lines 17-18, the author mentions the “expansion of halite crystals...by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration” in order to A.present an alternative theory about crystal growth B.explain how some rocks are not affected by salt C.simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedging D.introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks 46.The word “durable” in line 19 is closest in meaning to rge B.strong C.flexible D.pressured 47.The word “shattered” in line 20 is closest in meaning to A.arranged B.dissolved C.broken apart D.gathered together 48.The word “dominant” in line 22 is closest in meaning to A.most recent B.most common C.least available D.least damaging 49.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effects of salts on rocks?A.Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.B.Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.C.A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.D.Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley, 50.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in areas where ice is common?A.They are protected from weathering.B.They do not allow capillary action of water.C.They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.D.They contain more carbonates thansulfates.答案CACBC ABBDA DCBAB CCACD BBDCC AADBC AAAAD BCBCC 第三篇：托福历年词汇真题近义词汇总历年词汇真题Inaccessible 难以接近的：unreachable Extracting 提取，提炼：removing Strength 基础：basis Surging 激增，迅速上升：accelerating Trend 倾向，趋势：tendency Peak 最高点，最高峰：maximum Prior to 在前，局先：preceding Advocates 提倡者，赞成者：proponents Unsubstantiated 无确实根据的，未经证实的：unverified Maintain 维持：preserve Considerable 极其，相当，大量：substantial Enactment 制定，执行：performance Staggering 令人惊愕的：overwhelming Devastated 毁坏：ruined Demonstrate 证明，示威：showed Extend 延伸，扩展：stretch Vast 巨大的，辽阔的：large Sparked 发动，鼓舞：brought about Potential 潜在的，可能的：possible Outstanding 突出的，显著的：excellent Account for 解释，说明：explain Picking up 沿着：following A supremacy至高，霸权：a dominance Supplanted代替：replaced Myriad无数:many Supreme最高的：most outstanding Settle解决，决定：decide Ascending 上升，攀登：climbing Solemn 严肃的：serious Composed创作，作曲：created Scores 乐谱：music composition Comprises 包含，由，构成：consists of Intense 剧烈的：extreme Margins 空白：edges Support 支撑：hold Appreciation 感激，评价，欣赏：recognition Bias 偏见：prejudice Prevailing 流行的：most frequent Accumulated 积聚，堆积：collected Related 有关系得：connected Supported 支撑：upheld Forward-looking 向前看的：progressive 进步的Rudimentary 不发达的，未发展的：undeveloped Sole 唯一的：only Subsidizes 资助：finance Rotates 旋转：alternates Implements 玩具：tools Clues 线索：information Hemispheres 半球：sides Subject to 遭受：susceptible to Puncture 刺穿：pierce Dramatic 戏剧性的，显著的：striking Characterized 不同，区别于其他：distinguished Bizarre 古怪的：odd Casts off 抛弃：gets rid of Homogeneous 一致的，同一的：uniform Largely renounces 基本上拒绝：generally rejects Prevail 流行，支配控制：dominates Subtle 轻微的，精细的：slight Compile 收集，积累：put together Raw 未加工的，为处理的：unprocessed Prospect 前景，可能性：possibility Roughly 大约地：approximately Magnify 增加，扩大：increase Distinction 不同，区别：differences Fused 结合：combined Lure 吸引：attract Placed 放置：deposited Discrete 分泌：separate Overtaxed 负担沉重的：heavily burdened Inadequate 不充足的：deficient Inevitable 不可避免地：unavoidably Lamented 不满，抱怨：complaint about First rank 最高水平：highest quality Faded from 消失于：disappeared from Novel 创新的，新颖的：innovative Stationary 固定的：fixed Vessel 船只：craft Smothering 窒息的：eliminated Coined 组成，创造：created Intervention 干预：influence Emerged 出现：appeared Outlining 概括，总结：summarizing Deliberate 仔细地：careful Demanded 需要：required Imitate 模仿：copy Comparably 相似地：similarly Inclinations 偏好，喜好 : preferences Varied 不同：differed Cumbersome 笨重地：burdensome Confined 局限：limited Framed 构造，制定：posed Supposedly 可能地，推测地：seemingly Sanitation 卫生：health Conflicting 对立的：apposing Give way to 让位于：turns into Speculate 假设：hypothesize Alternative 选择：option Imposing 要求高的，费力的：demanding Penetrate 穿过：go through Extended 增加，延长：increase Preferred 喜欢;favored Barren 贫瘠的：infertile Hard 坚硬的：firm Divergence 不同，区别：difference Durable 耐久地：long-lasting Dwelling 住所：houses Elaborately 精心地：done in a great detail Bounds 限制：limits Chance 偶然的：unplanned Integral 必要的，基本的：an essentialCarry 承担：support Concentrated 集中：clustered Effect 影响：influence Distinct 区别，不同：separate Setting 建立：establishing Ends 目标：goals Drastic 激进的：radical Extracted 提取：removed Instances 例子:cases Entombed 陷入：trapped Marked 明显的:pronounced Ushering 开始，引入：beginning Execute 执行，创造：create Domains 领域：fields Fundamental 基本的：basic Skilled 专业的：expert Presided over 管理控制：managed Celestial 天文学的：astronomical Entities 物体：objects Motifs 母题，图案：designs Rare 罕见的:infrequent Maintaining 维持：preserving T olerate 忍耐：endure Obtain 获得 get Roll back 减少 reduce Stimulating 刺激 encouraging Depressed 降低，使沮丧lowered Stringent 严厉的strict Dictates 决定determines Witnessed 看到observed A break with 分开a departure from Conserve 维持，保留retain Magnified 加强，加剧intensified Forage 觅食 feed Counteracted 否定，抵消 negated In season 应季 a particular time of year Fixture 寻常物品 commonplace object Nevertheless 但是 however Rotates 转动，改变 turns Readily 容易地，欣然地 easily Constituting 组成 making up Pits 洞，坑 holes Disputes 争论 arguments Unrestricted 不受限制的 unlimited Snap 折断break Fed 吃/放入put Exposed to 易受影响的，受支配subjected to Exert 引起，导致cause Diffuses 穿过，扩散travels Rapture 破裂burst Miniscule 微小的tiny Enables 使能够allows Aesthetically 美学的，艺术的artistically Refreshing 非同寻常的，耳目一新的unusual Devote 奉献dedicate Bound 系，绑tied Assembling 聚集 gathering Adorned 装修 decorated Attire 服装clothing Unravel 揭露 discover Mundane平凡的 ordinary Gap 空隙 opening Discards 抛弃 gets rid of Deft 灵巧的 skilled Robust 强壮的 strong Heralded 宣布 announced Position 职位 job Major 主要的principal Symmetrical 比例平衡的，对称的proportionally balanced Obvious 明显的 apparent Dominated 占支配地位的 wereprevalent in Supplements 补充 extensions Crisscross 交叉 move back and forth Skepticism 怀疑主义 doubt Subsidy 资助 financing Conjectural 猜测的based on guessing Employing 采用using Assortment 种类variety Exalted 高级的superior Ingots 银锭/块blocks of silver mixed with copper Came of age 出现了，成名了established itself Trace 痕迹imprints Exposed 暴露uncovered Adversely 逆向/反的 negatively Altered 改变 changed Noxious 有毒的，有害的 harmful Detectable 可以探测的 measurable Acute 敏锐的，剧烈的 intense Exceeded 超越 surpassed Astounding 惊讶的surprising Durable 耐久的lasting Customarily 通常usually Induced 导致 caused Remarkable 异常的 extraordinary Exerted 运用applied Restricted 限制limited Intricate 错综复杂的complex Vary 区别，不同 differ Initially 首先 at first Cohesion 凝聚力 unity Consciously 有意识地，故意地 purposely Unadorned 未装饰的，平凡的plain Consumption 消费，吃eating Constituents 组成部分components Calculated 计算，决定 determined Ceased 停止 stop Prominent 著名的 distinguished Apply to 应用于 used for Coarser 粗糙的rougher Dense 浓密的thick Thanks to 由于because of Eagerly anticipated 渴望，期待 looked forward to Properties 特征，特点 characteristics Ascribed to 归功于，认为 assumed to be true of Revolutionized 巨变，革命 dramatically changed Appeal 吸引attraction Spawned 产生，产卵created Core 核心center Embedded 镶嵌 encased Spotting 识别 identifying Dogma 信仰，教条belief Detect 发现discovered the presence of Shied away from 避免avoided Milestone 里程碑significant development Critical 关键的 essential Jolting 震动 shocking Magnitude 成都/大小 extent Attachment to 倾向于 preference for Protruding 凸出的projecting Shield 保护protect Daring 大胆bold Boosted 鼓舞raised Inhibited 阻碍hindered Counterpart 版本，对应物 version Detectable 明显的，可探测的apparent Sumptuous 奢侈的luxurious Yield 供应provide Adhere 坚持 stick Initiate 启动，开始begin Modifying 改变，限制changing Rapidity 迅速swiftness Efficiency 效率effectiveness Rear 抚养raise Scale 攀登climb Immunity 免疫，保护 protection Conspicuous 明显的 noticeable Bias 偏见 prejudice Exorbitant 丰富的 expensive Undergone 经历experienced Consorted 交往 associated Sufficient 充足 adequate Annihilate 消灭，征服 conquer Aptly 恰当的 appropriately Fashion 制造create Article 物品object Staples 基本产品basic elements Invade 侵入 move into Contemporary 当代的 existing Finely 微小的 minutely Attendant 伴随的 accompanying Exponential leaps 迅速上升rapid increases Virtually 几乎完全，实际上almost completely Pertinent 相关的 relevant Succinct 简明 concise Revise 改变change Monopolized 垄断dominated Factions 部分sides Flattering 赞美complimentary Disseminated 分散spread Accelerated 加速 increased Given way to 替代 been replaced by Reliance 依赖 dependence Picture 想象 imagine Emit 发出 give off Glowing 发光的 shining Influx 流入，到达 arrival Extraordinary 异常的exceptional Era 时代period of time Intriguing 吸引人的attractive Conclusive 总结性的definitive Preoccupation 卷入involvement Primary 基本的fundamental Entire 整个whole Bring about 引起 cause Temping 吸引人的 attractive Reckless 不负责任的irresponsible Concomitant with 同时发生的，与之伴随的in conjunction with Skyrocketing 迅速上升increasing rapidly Extolling 高度赞扬praising Roughly 大约harshly Reaped 获得gained Interchangeable 互换的，等同于 equivalent Classified 分类categorized Incinerated itself 燃烧burn up Securing 获得acquiring Implications 意义 significant Hinterland 腹地，内地贸易区 region Persisted 坚持，持续 continued Undergoing 经历，遭受experiencing Suspend 悬挂，延迟hang Fatal 致命的deadly Secure 安全的 safe Sorted out 分类，挑练 separated Dampened使潮湿 moistened Fine 细微的 tiny Derived 起源，得自 obtained Drastically 激烈的，彻底的severely Coincided with 一致，符合happened at the same time Supplement 补充add to Contemporary 当代的，同时代的 written at the same time Prized 珍视valued Overtaken 超越，胜出surpassed Intervals 间隔periods Freeing 解除 releasing Plunge 投入，跳进 drop Tangled缠结的，紊乱的twisted together Concealed 隐藏covered Avail themselves 利用make use Accordingly 因此for that reason Crucial至关重要的 important Ponderous 笨重的heavy Attained 达到，获得achieved Abundant 丰富的，充裕的plentiful Peculiar 独特的，奇异的strange Meticulously小心翼翼的 carefully Durability 经久，耐久力endurance Incised雕刻的carved Consumed消耗，吃eaten Innovative 创新的new Extract 提取，提炼remove Scorched烧焦burned Consequence 结果result Exceed超越，胜出go beyond Generated 产生cause Norm 标准standard Henceforth 今后from that time on Mandated委托统治的recommended Immutable 不可变的unchangeable Revered 尊敬respected Consist 一致的，协调的constant Intent 目的，意向 goal Administered 管理 managed Periphery 外围 outer edge Inception 起初beginning Fabricating 构成，虚构constructing Resort to 采取using Ingenuity 机灵，灵巧resourcefulness Functional 有功能的，有用的usable Significant 有意义的meaningful Attained 获得reached Flamed 燃烧burned Encompass包围，环绕 include Came to the forefront 来到最前线/变得很重要 became important Hinged on 依赖 depended on Lured 引诱attracted Expendable消费品，可以牺牲的 nonessential Notwithstanding 尽管despite Intricate 错综复杂的complex Random 任意的unpredictable Optimal 最佳的，最理想的best Urged 催促encouraged Carried on 继续 continued Diverse 不同的varied Ensures确保 guarantees Suitable 合适的，适宜的appropriately Scares 稀有rare Resemble 类似look likeCoarse 粗糙的crude Brittle易碎的，脆弱的easily broken Appreciated赏识，意识到recognized Merely 仅仅only Emitting 发出producing Spanning 跨越 cover Pursue 追赶catch Altogether 完全的completely Intensive 集中的，透彻的concentrated Prevailed 流行，盛行dominated Depicted 描述described Foremost 首要的leading Meteoric流星的，迅速的rapid Apace with 快速的，急速的as fast as Wider 宽广的more extensive Thereby 因此，在那方面by that means Unique 唯一的，独特的singular Rotting 腐烂的decaying Key 关键的important Converted 修改 changed Antecedent 先行的的，先辈predecessor Appealing 吸引人的 attractive Local 场所place Boosted推进 raised Scope 范围extent Prolific多产的，丰富的 productive Eager 热心的，渴望的enthusiastic Engaged使用，雇佣hire Subsequent后来的later Sums 总数amounts Identical同样的 exactly alike Graphic生动的，鲜明的 vivid Undoubtedly 毫无疑问的certainly Components 组成部分parts Besides 除此之外in addition to Flourished繁荣，昌盛thrived Grumbled 抱怨，牢骚complained Serve服务，适合function Sole 唯一的only Detecting 发现finding Sedentary久坐的，不活动的 inactive Subjected 受影响的exposed Essence 本质，精华basic nature Diverse 不同的different Noted 注意到 observed Emphasize 强调stress Accessible易接近的，可靠近的available Account for 解释，说明explain Smooth operation 顺利进行effective functioning Cluster 成群 group Alert 警惕 ware Scurrying 急跑，匆忙走rushing Formidable 艰难地，令人敬畏的difficult Intent 目的，意向purpose Regardless of 不管，不顾no matter what Marked 显著地noticeable Confine 限制 restrict Presumably 推测，大概 probably Sustain 支撑，持续 support Insignificant 无关紧要的unimportant Ultimately 最后，最终 eventually Demise 死亡death Convert 转变change Primarily 主要地，根本上chiefly Prevailing 流行的dominant Undergone 经历 experienced Vast 巨。

I. Complete the sentences with the best choice. Write your correct letter on the Answer Sheet:(30%)1.All flights _________ because of the storm; they decided to takethe train.A. having canceledB. have been canceledC. were canceledD. having been canceled2.In writing one should always try to make one’s meaning as clear as possible in _________.A. simple way as possibleB. as simple way as possibleC. as simple a way as possibleD. possible simple way3.He was so careless that he made quite a few mistakes which might_________.A. have avoidedB. be avoidedC. avoidedD. have been avoided4.I _________ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I wasshort of money at that time.A. liked to giveB. would like to giveC. liked to have givenD. would have liked to give5.I didn’t mean _________ anything, but those apples looked so good that I couldn’t resist _______one.A. to eat...tryingB. eat...to tryC. to eat...being triedD. eating...to be tried6.Tom and Ben have _________ again and do not speak to each other.A. fallen inB. fallen throughC. fallen outD. fallen behind7.Tony was in plain clothes, watching for a _________ character at London Airport all night.A. suspiciousB. suspectC. susceptibleD. doubt8.Charles would quit his job to _________ more respectable employment.A. take upB. take toC. take intoD. take over9.The doctor assured her that the pain would _________ in a few days.A. wear offB. die offC. go offD. get off10.Always show your friends that you appreciate what they do for you. You should never take them _________.A. for grantedB. in your strideC. out of habitD. on trust11.Tom’s mother, as well as his father, _________ in the city for another two weeks.A. suggests he staysB. suggests he stayC. suggest him to stayD. suggest he stay12.Nowhere _________ the results more clearly than in Europe.A. have we seenB. we have seenC. did we seenD. we saw13.He never hesitates to make _________ criticisms _________ are considered helpful to others.A. such...asB. such...whichC. many...asD. many...which14.She is expecting another baby and hopes _________ will be a boy.A. heB. sheC. itD. that15.The old lady needs _________ after her shock.A. to comfortB. be comfortedC. comfortingD. comfortedⅡ. Cloze:(15%)Complete the passage by putting in the blanks with the correct choice. Write your correct letter on the Answer Sheet:By 1914 Einstein had gained world fame. He accepted the offer to be a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. It was anideal position. 1 soon this peace and quiet were broken by the First World War. Einstein hated violence. The war and its misery affected him deeply. He lost interest in 2 of his research. Only when peace was finally restored in 19183 to get back to work.It seems remarkable that the intellectuals were such a general appreciation of Einstein’s genius. At a time one sciencewriter 4 this comment: “The odds are heavily 5 any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing. But he has overcome these odds two or three times in hislifetime already. If anyone has the right to hope he can solve what to most physicists would seem 6 , he has. He is truly imaginative and original. And he is stubborn enough to hold on to any idea if he thinks it is right, no matter how strange it7 seem to the rest of us. If he 8 all these qualities, he could never 9 what he10 or 11 the chance of succeeding in what he 12 .”In 1940 Einstein became an American citizen and 13 the rest of his life in the United States.In 1955, Einstein’s life ended at the age of 76. But all men nowlive in a 14 world because this simple man of genius gave all of his intelligence and heart to his fellowman. He lived not to conquer or destroy 15 to understand.1.A. when B. then C. but D. still2.A. much B. many C. little D. few3.A. he was able B. enabled him C. was he able D. he could4.A. had done B. made C. did D. had made5.A. opposed B. objected C. unfavourable D. against6.A. unobtainable B. undesirable C. unsolved D. unsolvable7.A. can B. may C. does D. should8.A. doesn’t have B. didn’t have C. hadn’t had D. haven’t have9.A. do B. have done C. have had D. have10.A. has done B. have done C. did D. had done11.A. had B. has C. have D. have had12.A. is trying doing B. tries doing C. is trying to do D. has tried to do13.A. did B. made C. lived D. took14.A. changed B. changeable C. change D. changing15.A. but B. nor C. and D. orⅢ. Choose the correct paraphrasing of the following sentences, and write your right letter on the Answer Sheet.(10%)1.It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.A. Usually, when you go back to your own country, all the symptoms of culture shock disappear.B. Usually a trip back to your own country will relieve you of homesickness.C. Usually when you are back in your own country again, you realize that there are problems there.D. Usually when you return to your own country, you realize how nice it is to be home again.2.I’d have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water.A. A gulp of water is so expensive that I’d have given the rest ofmy life to buy it.B. I was so thirsty that I’d given anything to have a singl e gulp of water.C. During the rest of my life, I would work for a single gulp of water.D. After drinking a gulp of water, I died directly.3.I had deliberately got myself into this jam.A. I chose to be in the crowd—that made me warm.B. I like the fruit so much that I made jam of it and had it everyday.C. My speculation of the position proved wrong, and I had got myselfin the trouble.D. I got myself in trouble on purpose.4.How do you do about making a boy into a zero?A. How can you conceal a boy and make him obscure?B. How can you take all the money from the boy?C. How do you set to work at making the boy good for nothing?D. How do you start to make the boy get zero grades?5.Christmas has been commercialized out of its real meaning.A. Christmas has been bought and sold so that it has lost its real meaning.B. People have too much commercial activity on Christmas, and they have bought all the real meaning.C. Christmas became an occasion during which people keep buying too much and they forget its real meaning.D. The merchants are trying to make money out from Christmas so it loses its real meaning.Ⅳ. Translate the following sentences into English, and then write your sentences on the Answer Sheet:(15%)1.这项工作怎么做并不重要，但要干好。

05年1月综合英语（一）试题(1)各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢课程代码：0794ⅰ.用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。

从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出一个正确答案。

(每小题1分，共30分)1. is （）the work so she has the right to deal with it.a. in charge ofb. interested inc. satisfied withd. disappointed at2. four days later,a headline about a burglary （）his eye.a. caughtb. metc. tookd. hit3. the initials ne （）north east.a. mean forb. turn sw forc. stand ford. long for4. they are on the （）of the suspect.a. traceb. signc. traild. path5. she started to work （）a will.a. inb. againstc. withd. for6. the trashman wasn’t that kind of person who felt （）of his revolted deeds.a. contraryb. satisfiedc. surprisedd. ashamed7. we drove to the dump and were back on the （）by 1∶00.a. avenueb. trackc. routed. barrier8. （）to all advice he gave up his job.a. essentialb. discontentedc. discouragedd. contrary9. being a(n) （）girl,she is easily moved to tears by touching stories.a. sickb. weakc. naived. emotional10. his time （）entirely with hisOffice work.a. is taken upb. is taken inc. is taken ond. is taken to11. half a year after the war,schools in the country returned to （）.a. normalb. cultivationc. instructiond. education12. when beth is writing a letter,she looks deep in （）.a. thinkingb. thoughtc. mindd. recall13. he （）a deep breath hearing his name called.a. heldb. keptc. drewd. spared14. music is different from can be （）by people from different countries.a. spokenb. understoodc. knownd. taken15. most of the staff is away today so you’ll have to use whoever is （）.a. convenientb. availablec. approachabled. applicable16. when she is nervous,she does nothing but （）.a. eatingb. eatc. has eatend. ate17. the doctor said that the patient had （）at once.a. to operateb. to be operatedc. to operate ond. to be operated on18. to answer correctly is more important than （）.a. answered quicklyb. a quick answerc. quickly answeredd. to answer quickly19. suddenly it （）to me that i’ll have to water the plants in the garden tomorrow.a. occurredb. occursc. was occurredd. is occurred20. i have done everything （）i can do for you.a. thatb. whichc. whatd. whatever21. hardly （）when there was a power cut.a. has the film startedb. had the film startedc. the film startedd. started the film22. kurt did so well in his speech today that he （）it many times in the past week.a. should have practicedb. must have practicedc. would have practicedd. could have practiced23. i can’t understand （） a decision until it is too late.a. him to postpone to makeb. his postponing to makec. his to postpone makingd. his postponing making24. it was the training that he had as a young man （）made him such agood engineer.各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢。

Ⅳ. Translate the following sentences into English, and then write your sentences on the Answer Sheet:(15%)1.这项⼯作怎么做并不重要，但要⼲好。

（as long as）2.他把所有的钱都赠送掉了。

（give away）3.我们不应该把⾃然资源在我们这⼀代⽤光，⽽不为后⼈留下任何东西。

（use up）4.这本书挺难，我⼀⼩时只读了10页。

(cover)5.他⾝体好极了，真有福⽓。

（be blessed with）Ⅴ. Read the following passages and complete the statements or answer the questions with the correct choice. Write your right letter on the Answer Sheet:(30%)Passage 1Under normal conditions the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver.The means of sending communications are too numerous and varied for systematic classification: therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communications. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing and touch play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles.Examples of visual communication are gesture and imitation. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags or flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch such as by handshaking, although a highly-developed system of handshaking as disabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, clapping hands in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully-developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.1.The word “auditory” in the third paragraph means communication by_________.A. smellingB. seeingC. hearingD. touching2.The author explains that he will deal with reception of communication first because_________ .A. communication actually takes place when the message is receivedB. there are more means of receiving than of sending communicationsC. reception of communications involves use of the sensesD. it is difficult to organize by typing the means of sending communication3.Clapping hands is specifically mentioned as an example of_________.A. communication by soundB. gesture and imitationC. communication by touchD. a simple system of visual communication4.The author specifically mentions that speech is_________.A. often used when communicatingB. necessary for satisfactory communication by gestureC. the only highly-developed system of communicationD. the most developed form of communication based on hearing5.Which of the following statements about the way of communicating ideas and feelings mentioned in the passage is false?A. They can be used to communicate over long distances.B. They require both a sender and receiver.C. They involve use of conventional signs and symbols.D. They utilize the senses for reception.。

托福真题：2005年托福考试真题语法试题-托福真题2005年托福考试真题语法试题1)In their designs the S. always sought ___ to a problem,……A.the sipmlest solutionB.the solution of simplestC.the solution that simplificationD.which solution simplest2)The poet MM spent several years ___ school in CP.A.had taughtB.teachingC.her teachingD. and to teach3)When the US C authorized a postal service in 1789, ___ 75 local offices.A.the nation havingB.has the nationC.the nation hadD.for the nation to have4)___ places on the Earth where plant and animal life has not been affected by the activities of humans.A.The fewB.Being fewC.There are fewbD.Few5)___ nerve pathways conect the eye directly to the pineal gland, that gland is extremely sensitive to light.A.BecauseB.ThatC.HowD.By6)Chrom……s vary in size and shape and usually ___ in pairs.A.occurringB.to occurC.occurD.as occur7)SL became the first VS woman ___ abroad the RM space station.A.who workingB.has workedC.was workingD.to work8)The gravitational attractive of a black hole is extremely intense, but it would be no stronger ___ of a normal star of the same mass.A.than thatB.as isC.than it isD.from which9)____ basically hunting animals and as such are physiologically adapted to going for long periods without food or water.A.Dogs beingB.DogsC.There are dogsD.Dogs are10)In filmmaking, ___ the segments of a film are presented can be varied to creat drastically different dramatic effects.A.the order which inB.the order in whichC.in the order whichD.in which the order11)Perhaps even more important than the accuracy and realibility of a m……cal instrument ___.A.that positioning it is correctB.is positioned correctlyC.that its correct positionD.is that it be positioned correctly12)The DP began to assume its modern form during the intence political conflict __ US citizens after the war of 1892.A.dividedB.that dividedC.that divided itD.that it divided13)____ Earth's crust averages only 004 grams of the gold per ton, ……A.DespiteB.ExceptC.AlthoughD.Whether14)In the process of v……,rubber is combined with sulfur, make it ___ to heat and cold.A.is resistantB.to resistC.resistantD.resist15)The presence in the US during the second world war of___ European su…… was decisive in the development of AE.A.which manyB.many theC.many areD.many16. Lake Michigan is the third (large) of the American Great Lakes and (the only) one (lying) wholly (within) the United States.17. (Many) films (produced) in the United States (during) the 1930's were set in the American Civil War period and the years following (them.)18. Children (who) form a positive self-concept are more assertive, optimistic, (confidence), and sociable (than those) who (do not).19. Intaglio printing is the (oppose )of relief printing, since (the printing) is (done )form ink that (is below )the surface of the plate.20. Form the outset, (the) formulation and teaching of technique figured (prominently) in the (development) of American modern (dancer).21. Oil shales, (which may) furnish a (significantly) fraction of the world's future energy, vary in richness, (yielding) from four to fifty percent oil (by weight).22. Government comprises the set of legal and political institutions (that) regulate the relationships (among) members of(a )society and between the society (or) outsiders.23. Niagara Falls (is) not (only one) of (North America's greatest) tourist attractions but (also source) of hydroelectricity.24. (Although) the beaver is a (powerful) swimmer, it has difficulty (moves) the logs and braches it (needs for) building and for food.25. True cedars are (members) of the pine family and are 120 to 150 (feet tall), with (erect )cones and (bunches short), needlelike leaves.26. Grandma Moses, the well-known American artist, began (to paint) at the age of 76 (when) she could (no long) do needlework because of arthritis.27. (In) warm-blooded animals, body temperature (are) maintained within narrow (limits) regardless of the temperature of the animals' (surroundings).28. Bret Harte, (which) best-known works describe life in California in the mid-1800's, (helped shape) the (literary) movement (called) local-color writing.29. (With the) Democrats' adoption of (economic) radicalism in t[1] [2] 下一页[1] [2] 下一页2005年托福考试真题语法试题he 1890's, (and the) Republicans emerged as the (majority party) in the United States.30. (The more) kinetic (energy in) the particles of (a material), the (hottest) the material is.31.Weather forecasting was of vital (important) in the seafaring (and agricultural) lives (led by) the seventeenth-century European colonists (in what) is now the United States.32.One (common) herb of the mint family is thyme, the (dried) leaves and flowering tops of which (is) used (to flavor) manydifferent food.33. Birds usually (have very) well-developed sense of (sight),and the optic lobes of (their brains) are (correspondingly) large.34. Peter Cooper launched a number of (successful) commercial (enterprise), including the Canton Iron Works in Baltimore, (which produced) the first (commercially operated) North American steam locomotive.35.Fainting (is caused) by stoppage of the blood supply to brain, due to (temporary) heart (fail) from shock, (weakness), or exhaustion.36.The Fundamental physical (principle) of photography is that (light falling) on the grains (of certain) insoluble silver salts produces small, (invisibly) changes in the grains.37. The oxygen of the atmosphere, (so) essential to (many of) forms of life, (represents) the accumulated product of over3,500,000,000 years of photosynthesis (by) green plants.38. Most of the world's energy ——(including) wind (and) water power and (all) fossil fuels ——(come) indirectly from the Sun.39.(The wolf) was once the (most widely) distributed (kind of) mammal (on) the world.40. Instruments that (measure) the passage (of time) have been in (exist) for (about) 4,000 years.上一页[1] [2]上一页[1] [2]。

2005年TOEFL考试模拟题(3Questions 1-10Alice Walker makes her living by writing, and her poems short stories, and novelshave won many awards and fellowships for her. She was born in Eatonton, Georgia. Shewent to public schools there, and then to Spelman College in Atlanta before coming toNew York to attend Sarah Lawrence College, from which she graduated in 1966. For atime she lived in Jackson, Mississippi with her lawyer husband and small daughter.About Langston Hughes, American Poet, her first book for children, she says ,"After myfirst meeting with Langston Hughes I vowed I would write a boot about him forchildren someday. Why? Became I, at twenty-two, knew next to nothing of his work,and he didn’t scold me; he just gave me a stack of his book. And he was kind to me; Iwill always be grateful that in his absolute warmth and generosity he fulfilled mydeepest dream (and need) of what a poet should be."To me he is not dead at all. Hardly a day goes by that I don’t think of him or speakof him. Once, just before he died, when he was sick with the flu, I took him a sack fullof oranges. The joy I felt in giving that simple gift is undiminished by time. He said heliked oranges, too."1. What is the main topic of the passage?(A) Alice Walker’s reflections on Langston Hughes(B) The influence of Alice Walker on the writing of Langston Hughes(C) Langston Hughes’book about Alice Walker(D) A comparison of the childhoods of Alice Walker and Langston Hughes2. In the passage, Alice Walker is described as(A) a research fellow at Spelman College(B) a professor at Sarah Lawrence College(C) a prize-winning writer of prose and poetry(D) an author of plays for children3. Before attending college, Alice Walker went to school in(A) Atlanta, Georgia(B) Eatonton, Georgia(C) Jackson, Mississippi(D) Lawrence, Massachusetts4. The word "vowed" in line 7 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Confided(B) Believed(C) Denied(D) Promised5. It can be inferred from the passage that Alice Walker was twenty-two years old when(A) she moved to Jackson, Mississippi(B) she moved to New York(C) she first met Langston Hughes(D) Langston Hughes died6. It can be inferred from lines 9-11 that Alice Walker’s first impressions of LangstonHughes were derived mostly from(A) talking with his friends(B) reading his autobiography(C) studying his poetry(D) meeting him7. The word "dream" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) nightmare(B) expectation(C) sleep(D) misconception8. what does Alice Walker imply when she says Langston Hughes "is not dead at all"(Line 12)?(A) Langston Hughes believed in eternal life.(B) She had not been informed of Langston Hughes’death.(C) For her, Langston Hughes had never really existed.(D) Langston Hughes is still present in her thoughts.9. The word "undiminished" in line 14 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Not exaggerated(B) Not lessened(C) Disappointed(D) Unequaled10. According to the passage, what did Alice Walker giveLangston Hughes before he died?(A) A job(B) An award(C) Some oranges(D) A stack of booksQuestion 11-21Human vision, like that of other primates, has evolved in an arboreal environment. Inthe dense, complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see well than todevelop an acute sense of smell. In the course of evolution, members of the primate linehave acquired large eyes while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeded view.Of mammals, only humans and some primates enjoy color vision. The red flag is blackto the bull. Horses live in a monochrome world. Light visible to human eyes, however,occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Ultravioletrays are invisible to humans, though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them. Humanshave no direct perception of infrared rays, unlike the rattlesnake, which has receptorstuned into wavelengths longer than 0.7 micron. The world would look eerily different ifhuman eyes were sensitive to infrared radiation. .Then, instead of the darkness of night,we would be able to move easily in a strange, shadows world where objects glowedwith varying degree of intensity. But human eyes excel in other ways. They are, in fact ,remarkably discerning in color gradation. The color sensitivity of normal human visionis rarely surpassed even by sophisticated technical devices.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?.(A )Ultraviolet rays(B) Human vision(C) Sight and smell(D)The environment of primates12. Why does the author mention the "tropical forest", in line 2 ?(A) To explain why primates have developed keen vision(B) To suggest that primates need to see only the color green(C)To give an example of environmental change(D)To indicate where large-eyed primates can be found13. What does the author mean by stating that "the red flag is black to the bull"(lines 5-6)?(A) Bulls are attracted to red objects.(B) Bulls do not notice flags.(C) Bulls attack all flags.(D) Bulls do not see the color red14. The word "monochrome" in line 6 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Monotonous(B) Ultraviolet(C) One-dimension(D) One-color15 In line 8 ,"them" refers to which of the following?(A) Human eyes(B) Ultraviolet rays(C) Humans(D) Wavelengths16. According to the passage, which of the following candetect wavelengths of lightlonger than 0.7 micron?(A) Bulls(B) Ants(C) Horses(D) Rattlesnakes17. The word "eerily’’in line 10 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Strangely(B) Increasingly(C) Slightly(D) Superficiallyl8. It can be inferred from the passage that humans could move more easily at night if they(A) had a narrower field of vision(B) were color-blind(C) had infrared vision(D) lived in an arboreal environmentl9. The word "surpassed’’in line 15 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Recorded(B) Exceeded(C) Found(D) Provided20. According to the passage, the ability of humans to distinguish color differences is(A) average(B) weak(C) excellent(D) variable21. Where in the passage does the author mention the development over time of certainphysical changes among primates ?(A) Lines 3-4(B) Lines 5-6(C) Lines 7-10(D) Lines 13-15Questions22-31Ancient people made clay pottery because they needed it for their survival. .Theyused the pots they made for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place toplace, Pottery was so important to early cultures that scientists now study it to learnmore about ancient civilizations. The more advanced the pottery in terms of decoration,materials, glazes, and manufacture, the more advanced the culture itself .The artisan who makes pottery in North America today utilizes his or her skill andimagination to create items that are beautiful as well as functional, transformingsomething ordinary into something special and unique.The potter uses one of the Earth ’s most basic materials, clay. Clay can he foundalmost anywhere. Good pottery clay must be free from all small stones and other hardmaterials that would make the potting process difficult. Most North American artisan-potters now purchase commercially processed clay, but some find the clay they needright in the earth, close to where they work. .The most important tools potters use are their own hands; however, they also usewire loop tools, wooden modeling tools, plain wire, and sponges. .Plain wire is used tocut away the finished pot from its base on the potter’s wheel.After a finished pot is dried of all its moisture in the open air, it is placed in a kilnand fired. The first firing hardens the pottery, and it is then ready to be glazed andfired again.For areas where they do not want any glaze, such as the bottom of the pot, artisanspaint on melted wax that will late burn off in the kiln. They then pour on the liquidglaze and let it run over the clay surface, making any kind of decorative pattern thatthey want.22. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Different kinds of clay(B) The training of an artisan(C) The making of pottery(D) Crafts of ancient civilizations.23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way that ancientpeople used pottery?(A) To hold food(B) To wash clothes(C) To cook(D) To transport objects.24. The word "it" in line 3 refers to(A) clay(B) culture(C) survival(D) pottery25. According to the passage, which of the following can be learned about an ancientcivilization by examining its pottery?(A) Its food preferences(A) Its developmental stage(C) Its geographic location(D) Its population26. The word "functional" in line 7 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Useful(B) Strong(C) Inexpensive(D) Original27. The word "basic’’in line 9 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Familiar(B) Fundamental(C) Versatile(D) Dirty28. According to the passage, how do most North American potters today get theclay they need?(A) They buy it.(B) They make it.(C) They dig it from the earth.(D)They barter for it.29. It can be inferred from the passage that clay is processed commercially in order to(A) make it dry more evenly(B) remove hard substances(C) prevent glaze from sticking(D) make it easier to color30. According to the author, what do potters use to remove the pot from the wheel?(A) Melted wax(B) A wire loop(C) A sponge(D) Plain wire31. The word "pattern" in line 22 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Model(B) Color(C) Puzzle(D) DesignQuestions 32-41The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and describedand can be briefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period there was a markedshortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in thefrontier areas. This favorable ratio enhanced women’s status and position and allowedthem to pursue different careers. The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated theearly British colonies in North America, regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that lifein an underdeveloped country made it absolutely necessary that each member of thecommunity perform an economic function. Thus work for women, married or single,was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic duty. Puritan town councils expectedwidows and unattached women to be self-supporting and for a long time providedneedy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social sanction against marriedwomen working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in theirtrade and won social approval far doing extra work in or out of the home. Needychildren, girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected towork for their keep.The vast majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor producedmost articles needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothingand partially that of shoes was in the hands of women. Inaddition to these occupations,women were found in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers,silversmiths, gunsmiths, upholsterers. They ran mills, plantations, tanyards, shipyards,and every kind of shop, tavern, and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers,sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers.32. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Colonial marriages(B) The Puritan religion(C) Colonial women’s employment(D) Education in the colonies33. The word "marked" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) underlined(B) graded(C) prolonged(D) distinct34. According to the passage, where in colonial North America were there the fewestwomen?(A) Puritan communities(B) Seaports(C) Frontier settlements(D) Capital cities35. The word "enhanced’" in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Supplemented(B) Confirmed(C) Improved(D) Determined36. It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritans were(A) uneducated(B) hardworking(C) generous(D) wealthy37. According to the passage, Puritans believed that an unmarried adult woman should be(A) financialIy responsible for herself(B) returned to England(C) supported by her family(D)trained to be a nurse38. The phrase "unattached women" line 10 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Women without high social status(B) Women without property(C) Unmarried women(D) Unemployed women39. According to the passage, what did the Puritans expect from married women ?(A) They should adopt needy children.(B) They should assist in their husbands’trade or business.(C) They should work only within their own homes.(D) They should be apprenticed.40. According to the passage, which products were made entirely by women?(A) Gunpowder and bullets(B) Cups and plates(C) Paper and books( D) Cloth and clothing41.The lists in lines l9-22 are intended to show which of the following ?(A) The influence of the Puritans in the colonies(B) The limits of job opportunities in the colonies(C) The main industries of the colonial economy(D) The variety of work done by colonial womenQuestions 42-50Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth are concealed some ofthe most tantalizing secrets of our planet. There the crust of the Earth is thinner and theunknown mantle--the layer beneath the crust - lies closest, tempting scientists todrill into it. The first such attempt, the ambitious Project Mohole, got under way duringthe 1960’s and proved the value of deep-sea drilling by making several test holes in themantle beneath the crust before spiraling costs led to its cancellation.Soon afterward, however, work began on the more modest Deep Sea DrillingProject, which is not aimed at reaching the mantle but at exploring the crust itself. Thisventure uses a special ship, the Glomar Challenger, which can be held precisely inposition in the sea--without any anchor--by sound--wave guiding systems and computer-controlled propellers. From this stable platform, scientists lowered drillingpipes into waters four miles deep to scoop up cores of ocean sediment and bedrock.Analysis of the fossil contents has indicated that the ocean floors spread, movingcontinents around the Earth .42. The passage mainly discusses(A) analysis of fossils in the ocean(B) exploration beneath the ocean bottom(C) the composition of the Earth’s crust(D) the construction of the Glomar Challenger43. According to the passage, one of the objectives of Project Mohole was to(A) increase public support for underwater experimentation(B) test the ocean bottom for unusual ocean sediment(C) estimate the age of the Earth’s crust(D) study the Earth’s mantle44. The word "spiraling’’in ling 6 is closest in meaning towhich of the following?(A) Rising(B) Necessary(C) Unpredictable(D) Circular45.It can be infered from the passage that Project Mohole originally was intended to(A) involve deeper drilling than the Deep Sea Drilling Project(B) cost less than the Deep Sea Drilling Project(C) employ fewer scientists than the Deep Sea Drilling Project(D) yield more fossil discoveries than the Deep Sea Drilling Project46. The expression"more modest’’in line7 is closest in meaning to(A) more sophisticated(B) more timid(C) less ambitious(D) less controversial47.The word "precisely’’in line 9 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Exactly(B) Clearly(C) Economically(D) Practically48. According to the passage, computers are used on the Glomar Challenger in order to(A) measure the spread of the ocean floors(B) lower its drilling pipes into the water(C) keep it in one place(D) detect the location of the Earth’s mantle49. The Phrase "stable platform" in Line 11 refers to(A) the Glomar Challenger(B) a ship’s anchor(C) sound-wave guiding systems(D) computer-controlled propellers50. For which of the following terms does the author supply a definition?(A) "mantle’’(line 3)(B) "anchor’’(line 10)(C) "sound-wave guiding systems’’(line 10)(D) "bedrock’’(line l2)2005年TOEFL考试模拟题(3-2) 相关内容:。