Key-托福全真试题-key-1-12

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2020年1月12日托福写作考试真题答案Integrated Writing 综合写作主题：怀特兄弟是不是第一个发明飞机的人阅读部分：1. 当时的报道没有photo，而是drawing，不可信。

2. Whitehead设计的飞机是single-level wings，应该飞不起来。

3. Whitehead把自己设计的engine卖给了很多aircraft builder，他们都没有制造出飞机，所以断定engine不能function。

听力部分：反驳1. 由于当时技术不发达，新闻报道大多都是采用drawing的形式。

而且当时试飞是在早上，因为dim light而且fast moving，当时的相机不能够capture到足够high-quality的照片。

2. 最近一些科学家完全复制了Whitehead的设计，证明这种structure能够飞起来。

3. 那些制造商造不出飞机不能怪engine，由于技术限制，缺乏知识，造不出也很正常。

而且这么多人买他的engine，恰恰说明了engine质量好。

Independent Writing 独立写作If you can change one aspect to improve your health，which would you choose? Why?- The kind of food- The amount of exercise- The amount of stress2020年1月11日托福写作考试真题答案综合写作Reading：Three solutions toprevent bats from being harmed by wind turbines.1.不造在bats的迁移路径上2.不在晚上运行3.制作bats不喜欢的雷达让它们不能接近Listening：阅读所说的三种方法都无法实现turbines 需要造在风很大的地方，如果把它建在了蝙蝠飞不到的地方例如平原，那就没有足够的风可以让它运行起来。

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1. What is the most efficient type of transportation in your country? Explain why you think it is efficient. Include specific reasons or examplesI think airplane is the most efficient type of transportation in my country because it’s fast and comfortable. It only takes me three hours to fly from Beijing to Chongqing. This saves me a lot of time. I can go to Chongqing in the morning and come back to Beijing in the evening. However, if I take train or bus, it’ll take me at least 20 hours. So it’s very fast to take planes. Also, every time I am on the plane, the flight attendant serves me delicious food and drink, all free of charge. But in a train, the attendants aren’t very hospitable and you have to pay for all the food and beverage even though they aren’t of high quality. So that’s why I think taking plane is comfortable.2. Some people believe it's essential for a person's education to learn to play a musical instrument. Others don't believe music education is important. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.I think it’s essential for a person’s education to learn to play a musical instrument. There are two reasons why I say so. First, learning to play a musical instrument can give a person a way to express emotion. For example, I have a sister who can play the piano. Every time she was happy or depressed, she’d pl ay the piano. Second, learning to play a musical instrument makes a person artsy or develop a person’s artistic talent. Artistic people are more sensitive than normal ones. They can feel something that others can’t feel. They can sense the emotions from what normal people think is a normal scene. For example, Beethoven can compose his Moonlight at night. But I don’t think anybody can make a moonlight at night.3. The woman supports the proposal described in the article. Explain why she thinks it will achieve the university's goals.The university plans to expand college radios station’s broadcasting range so as to attract more students to apply to its program and to provide the university with an extra source of revenue. The woman in the conversation thinks this change will work. She says currently the radio station range is limited to the campus. If they expand the range, there’ll be more programs. Also they will reach a larger audience and this will give students more experience in the real life broadcasting and put them in a favorable position to find jobs. Besides, the woman says this change will benefit the whole university. Since her friend’s university started a similarchange five years ago and make a lot of money out of commercials. They use the money to offer more scholarship and fund projects to renovate new facilities.4. Describe what subliminal perception is and explain how the experiment discussed by the professor illustrates this phenomenon.Subliminal perception is a phenomenon that the perception of stimulus is just below the threshold of conscious awareness and it can influence people’s thought and attitudes. The professor uses an experiment to illustrate this phenomenon. In the experiment two groups of people were asked to watch TV. A picture flashed on the screen. It appears so fast that it’s barely noticeable. The picture is a boy with a birthday cake. But each group is shown to a slightly different version of the picture. One group is shown to a picture in which the boy is angry and trying to throw the cake. The other group is shown to a picture in which the boy is smiling and trying to offer the cake. Later, these two groups of people were shown to a third picture in which the boy is holding the cake without any expressions. The people were asked to describe the boy’s personality. The result is that the group that has seen the angry boy describe him negatively, whereas the group that has seen the smiling boy described him positively.5. The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman's problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which of the solutions you recommend and explain why.The woman won an award and is invited to attend the award ceremony. But she’s got a p hilosophy exam that is scheduled to end at the time when the ceremony begins. There are two possible solutions. The first one is to attend the ceremony after taking the philosophy exam since these ceremonies never start on time and give long introductions. So she won’t miss anything important. But she thinks it’s a bit risky and she doesn’t want to miss being there when they announce her name. The second solution is talk to the professor and reschedule the exam. But the professor always reschedule the exam earlier which means less studying time for the woman. I think the woman had better choose the first solution. Since rescheduling exam will reduce her studying time, the second solution will probably harm her score. Even if it’s possible that she’ll miss the announcement of her name, she can still go to the award after the exam.6. Using the points and examples from the talk, explain how substitute goods and complement goods influence demand for a particular productThe demand of a product can be influenced by the price of a related product. The first kind related products are called substitute goods, goods that can be substituted for one and another. They are interchangeable so the increase in the price of one product means the increase in the demand for another. For example, butter and margarine are interchangeable. If the price of butter goes up, people will buy margarine instead. So the increase in the price of butter lead to the increase in demand for margarine. The second kind related products are called complement goods,goods that can’t be used without each other. They c omplement or complete each other. For example, compact discs and disc player are complement products since they should always be used together. So if the price of either product increases, the demand for both will decrease. If the price of CD goes up, the demand for CD will go down. Since CD player complements CD, the demand for CD player will go down too.源于：小马过河相关推荐：2012年11月18日托福写作真题解析2012年11月18日托福口语真题解析2012年11月18日托福阅读真题解析2012年11月18日托福听力真题解析。

2019年1月托福真题回忆及解析【导语】托福考试已经被全球150多个国家超过1万所综合性大学、机构和学员认可，范围包括美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰以及整个欧洲和亚洲。

所以托福考试很重要。

为了帮助大家更好的参加备考，无忧考网给大家整理了2019年1月5日、1月12日、1月13日、1月26日的托福真题回忆及解析，欢迎阅读！2019年1月5日托福写作真题回忆INTEGRATED 综合写作海洋里的塑料碎片对环境有很不好的影响阅读：有一种海洋吸尘器（ocean cleanup array）可以收集并清除海洋里的塑料碎片优点 1：成本不高。

因为海洋吸尘器是通过洋流将碎片运到设备中，不像其他清洁设备需要很多能源；优点 2：不会对其他海洋生物产生不利影响。

海洋吸尘器是固定在一个地方的，不会像其他清洁设备用网，就不会伤害到海洋生物；优点 3：塑料碎片可循环利用。

海洋吸尘器收集到的大部分塑料物质可以卖给废品回收站循环再利用。

听力：海洋吸尘器也会有一些问题问题 1：放置在海洋里的设备特别容易被破坏，海洋吸尘器需要频繁的修理，修理的费用较高；问题 2：虽然游动的海洋生物不会有影响，但是浮游生物 plankton 会受到较大影响；问题 3：海洋吸尘器收集到是聚乙烯、聚丙烯等物质的碎片混合在一起的，如想要循环利用的话，需要将它们分离，分离需要花钱。

听力反驳：1.这种石墙没有窗户，没法射击前来攻击的敌人，不能起到防御的作用2.发现的 water tank 可能使得食物腐烂，附近有生活做饭的痕迹，但这种行为可能引发爆炸3.Brochs 有的是单独建造的，有的是以 group 形式存在的，而贵族阶级不可能居住在离村庄很远的地方，同时也不会和其他贵族住在一起INDEPENDENT 独立写作话题类别：同不同意Do you agree or disagree with the statement:Scientific discoveries should be shared globally, and the government should not keep them as e specific details and examples to support your answer.2019年1月5日托福听力真题回忆C1：校园场景学生和管理材料部的，女孩宿舍灯泡坏了想取新的。

91-01A1. (A) We heard her name mentioned.(B) Her aim was unclear.(C) It was hard to hear her name.(D) Her name wasn’t here.2. (A) I don’t want a roommate.(B) I have a specific roommate in mind.(C) It’s not a good idea to have a roommate.(D) Having a roommate is all right with me.听力资料汇总3. (A) She didn’t realize she should bring a present.(B) Her present was really very little.(C) Presents are not very important to her.(D) She didn’t know that the present would be for her.4. (A) Could you please close the door?(B) Is the door shut?(C) Did you want the door closed?(D) Why is the door shut?5. (A) We were sorry we couldn’t go to their wedding.(B) The fact that they got married still amazes us.(C) We’re getting married over the holidays.(D) In fact, they almost decided to get married.6. (A) It’s too bad we have so little time together.(B) We shouldn’t see each other so much.(C) All my free time is spent with you.(D) Please don’t spend so much money.7. (A) Although I used to watch television a lot, I hat it now.(B) I enjoy watching television, but not while I’m studying.(C) Many of the used television sets aren’t working now.(D) I can’t find the television stand I usually use.8. (A) This information is correct.(B) This is the right booth.(C) You can write away for the information.(D) You can get information over on the right.9. (A) He heard the noise.(B) He dropped the shelf.(C) He was injured.(D) He went downtown by himself.10. (A) What bus goes along this route?(B) How long should we wait for the bus?(C) This bus ride takes a very long time.(D) This is quite a large bus.iBT新托福听力背景词汇分类大集合11.12.13.14.15.16.17. (A) Jane walked right by the painting.(B) Does Jane really wish to purchase that painting?(C) Jane once bought that painting.(D) Does Jane want me to purchase her painting?(A) Henry sold his watch to Russ.(B) Henry bought a watch for Russ exactly like his.(C) Russ kept Henry’s watch for himself.(D) Russ got a watch just like Henry’s(A) What time is it?(B) Does it matter what time you come?(C) Please try to be prompt.(D) You must write the letter soon.(A) Carol did better than anyone else.(B) Carol learned more than her score indicates.(C) Carol told us about her grade.(D) Carol earned high wages working in a store.(A) There were quite a few students and teachers.(B) More students than teachers attended.(C) Everyone was counted.(D) The teachers wee excluded.(A) Nobody paused to talk to him.(B) He spoke to no one about the key.(C) He co uldn’t be prevented from speaking.(D) Nobody wanted to stop his talking.(A) These berries grow well.(B) The water isn't rough.(C) She seems very calm.(D) She sees very well.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26. (A) She stopped to feed the ducks.(B) She doesn’t seem to have much luck.(C) She stopped behind the truck.(D) She no longer gives the ducks food.(A) Telling him is a risk.(B) I have to tell him.(C) He told me it was a risk.(D) I’m going to risk not telling him.(A) They think alike.(B) They enjoy outdoor life.(C) They look out for each other.(D) They each have their own life-style.(A) He likes biology enough to continue with it.(B) His grades in science courses are very good.(C) He hasn’t taken enough courses in bio logy.(D) He doesn’t want to take any more science courses.(A) Rice should be served with the chicken.(B) The dishes here are never spicy.(C) There really is chicken in the salad.(D) Both the chicken dish and the salad taste spicy.(A) Sam’s knee should be better by now.(B) This isn’t a good time for Sam to quit.(C) The news about Sam is quite a surprise.(D) Sam should have stopped playing earlier.(A) She bought something for her aunt.(B) She missed it.(C) She was there only briefly.(D) She went to it on her way to the hospital.黄金口语80题范例(A) They work at the zoo.(B) They are going to do some artwork.(C) They enjoy watching elephants.(D) They are going to feed the elephants.(A) She’s working all the time.(B) She’s out all the time.(C) She works every other day.(D) She studies twice a day.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35. (A) Helping a friend find the right department.(B) Buying himself some shoes.(C) Taking a class at the gymnasium.(D) Returning a logging suit be bought.(A) Apologize to Donna.(B) Confront Donna directly.(C) Excuse Donna’s behavior.(D) Write Donna a letter.(A) She thinks the man’s joking.(B) The man needs to have his eyes examined.(C) The man should get some sleep.(D) The man is wise to study.(A) She’s putting it in a kennel.(B) Den is taking it on vacation.(C) It will accompany her.(D) It will be staying with Ken.(A) The man tends to repeat himself a lot.(B) The room was fixed at the man’s request.(C) She also finds it easier to work there now.(D) The man talks about working instead of doing it.(A) Bill doesn’t take good care of knives.(B) This matter doesn’t concern Bi ll.(C) He wants to find a better tool.(D) He wants Bill to fix the knife.(A) There’s going to be a wedding.(B) The people should lean that dance better.(C) Big dances are the most fun.(D) They need to print more invitations.针对口语一二题万能模版(A) It’s sure to be easy.(B) It’ll cost less than last year’s.(C) It might be difficult.(D) It starts after breakfast.(A) He likes to stay late every day.(B) He does it more often than he’d like.(C) He does it only occasionally.(D) He never volunteers to do it.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44. (A) Most students don’t know how to cook.(B) The dormitories have limited cooking facilities.(C) The dining hall serves steak regularly.(D) It’s cheaper than cooking for themselves.(A) Only graduate students.(B) Only undergraduate women.(C) Dormitory residents.(D) University faculty.(A) Sunday evenings.(B) Monday mornings.(C) Saturday mornings.(D) Saturday evenings.刘文勇黄金阅读(A) Three dollars.(B) A housing contract.(C) An identification card.(D) A meal ticket.(A) The slow service.(B) The meal schedule.(C) The quality of the food.(D) The inconvenient location.(A) On weekends.(B) Around holidays.(C) On weekday mornings.(D) On weekday evenings.(A) Reading.(B) Sleeping.(C) Doing research.(D) Planning a trip.(A) To discuss his trip to Mexico.(B) To bring him a message from Professor Grant.(C) To ask for help with an anthropology assignment.(D) To see what progress he’s made on his paper.(A) He can’t sleep at night.(B) He can’t find a quiet place to study.(C) He can’t narrow down his research topic.(D) He can’t find enough information for his research paper.45.46.47.48.49.50. (A) She has been to Mexico.(B) She assigns long research papers.(C) She teaches cultural anthropology.(D) She collects ancient relies.(A) It would require a trip to Mexico.(B) It’s too broad a topic to research.(C) He doesn’t have relevant resource material.(D) He’s not interested in that part of the world.(A) Caring for natural brushes.(B) Techniques for painting animals.(C) Types of watercolor brush-strokes.(D) Effects of different brush-strokes.(A) Red sable.(B) Camel hair.(C) Squirrel hair.(D) Sabeline.(A) They stay rigid.(B) They are affordable.(C) They are easy to use.(D) They come in large sizes.(A) Their size.(B) Their durability.(C) Their composition.(D) Their color.●如何把托福阅读28+●托福阅读背景知识●托福写作万能写作模板●托福写作高分模板●托福写作冲刺需要五步B1.Orchestral instruments --- under the following types: strings, woodwind, brass, and percussion.(A) grouped(B) can group(C) can be grouped(D) to be grouped2.--- depressions in the ocean floor are called trenches.(A) There are the deep(B) Are the deep(C) Where deep(D) Deep3.In the course of her life, Mary Anne Sadlier --- , some fifty of them original novels and collections of stories.(A) Produced nearly sixty books(B) Produced sixty books nearly(C) Nearly sixty books produced(D) Sixty books nearly produced4.--- xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.(A) For(B) It was(C) That(D) While5.Eastern meadowlarks abound in places --- , but eat harmful insects rather than grain.(A) land is cultivated there(B) there is land cultivated(C) where land is cultivated(D) where is cultivated land6.Amplifiers such as those in computers and sound –reproducing systems are responsible for --- an erratic input signal.(A) strengthening(B) being strengthened(C) strengthen(D) to strengthen7.--- John Aaron Lewis pioneered in the development of “third stream music,”a blend of jazz and classical music.(A) A composer, who was(B) He was a composer(C) As a composer(D) When a composer he8.In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800’s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation --- the modern college rests.(A) is which(B) on which(C) which is on(D) on it9.Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events --- to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.(A) and thus(B) so(C) however(D) because10. --- lived on the Nor th Saskatchewan River long before the Hudson’s Bay Company built a fur trading post there.(A) Cree people(B) For Cree people(C) It was Cree people(D) Where Cree people11. --- has been a topic of continual geological research.(A) Did the continents originate(B) How did the continents originate(C) Have the continents originated(D) How the continents originated12. Because the papaya grows readily from seed, ---spread from its home in Central America and now grows throughout the tropics.(A) to be(B) it(C) the(D) its13. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have ---as the amount of money borrowed.(A) as the same value(B) the same value(C) value as the same(D) the value is the same14. Futurism, ---early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.(A) an(B) was an(C) that it was an(D) that an15. All living organisms constantly absorb carbon 14 ---their existence.(A) out(B) about(C) around(D) throughout16. Porcelain is not a single clay, and a compound of kaolin, ball clay, feldspar, and silica.A B C D17. The bison, know for the hump over its shoulders, is usually called a buffalo in NorthA B C DAmerica.18. Perspiration, the body’s built-in cooling mechanism occurs as a natural reaction toA B Cnervousness, intense heat, or vigorously exercise.D19. Because of the rising cost of fuel, scientists are building automobile engines who willA B C D conserve gasoline but still run smoothly.20. The primary function of a sonometer is to calculate and demonstrate the relationsA B C mathematical of melodious tones.D21. The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of papers, but as a record ofA B Cgeographically organized information.D22. Vitamin A is essential to bone grow and to the healthiness of the skin and mucousA B C Dmembranes.23. The Moon, being much more nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the principal cause of theA B Ctides.D24. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States are the Everglades whereA B Cwildlife is abundant and largely protected.D25. The dromedary camel is raised especially to racing.A B C D26. The founding of the Boston Library in 1653 demonstrate the early North American colonistsA Binterest in books and libraries.C D27. Public recognition of Ben Shahn as a major American artistic began with a retrospectiveA Bshow of his work in 1948.C D28. The texture of soil is determined by the size of the grains or particles that make up.A B C D29. To produce on pound of honey, a colony of bees must fly a distance equals to twice aroundA B C Dthe world.30. The domestic dog, considered to be the first tamed animal, is coexisting with human beingsA Bsince the days of the cave dwellers.C D31. Nature not only gave the Middle Atlantic region fine harbors, however endowed it with aAB C DD first-class system of inland waterways. 32. All matter resists any change in their condition of rest or of motion.A B C D33. Swans, noted for graceful movements in the water, have been the subject of many poetry,A B Cfairy tales, legends, and musical compositions.34. Since peach trees bloom very early in the season, they are in danger for spring frosts.A B C DD C 35. Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed feet.A B C36. Lucretia Mott’s influence was too significant that she has been credited by some authorities A Bas the originator of feminism in the United States.C37. Large bodies of water and the prevalence of moisture-bearing winds often produce aA B Ccondition of tall humidity, affecting the local weather.D38. Manganese does not exist naturally in a pure state because it reacts so easily with otherA B Celement.D39. Scientists estimate that as many as hundred millions visible meteors enter the Earth’sA B Catmosphere every day.D40. Although not abundant in nature, zinc is important for both the galvanization of iron and theA B C preparation of alloys as such brass and German silver.DCPassage 1 By the late nineteenth century, the focus for the engineers and builders of tunnels was beginning to shift from Europe to the United States and especially New York, where the rivers encircling Manhattan captured the imagination of tunnelers and challenged their ingenuity. The first to accept the challenge was a somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin, who turned up in New York in the 1870's with a proposal to tunnel through the silt under the Hudson River between Manhattan and Jersey City. Haskin eventually abandoned the risky project. But a company organized by William McAdoo resumed the attack in I 902, working from both directions. Mc Adoo’s men were forced to blast when they ran into an unexpected ledge of rock, but with this obstacle surmounted. the two headings met in 1904 and McAdoo donned oilskins to become the Hudson’s first underwater bank - to - bank pedestrian. World' s Work magazine proudly reported in 1906 that New York could now be described as a body of land surrounded by tunnels Three one - way shafts beneath the Hudson and two under the Harlem River were already holed through; three more Hudson tubes were being built. Eight separate tunnels were under construction beneath the East River. 1. According to the passage, DeWitt Clinton Haskin camefrom (A) Jersey City (B) Europe (C) California (D) New York 2. What does the author imply about DeWitt Clinton Haskin' 5 background? (A) It did not qualify him to handle explosives. (B) It was not something people knew much about. (C) It included diverse work experiences. (D) It included many inferior projects. 3. According to the passage, when did William McAdoo begin to work on the Hudson River tunnel? (A) 1870 (B) 1902 (C) 1904 (D) 1906 4. According to the passage, the workers tunneling for William McAdoowere surprised to find which of the following where they were working? (A) Oil (B) Silt (C) Rock (D) Shafts 5. The quotation from World' s Work magazine in line 12 introduces facts about (A)cities that were building new tunnels to Manhattan (B)people' s concern eve the weakening of the city's foundation (C)the role of New York City in promoting engineering (D)the number of tunnels being built at the time 6. Where in the passage does the author refer to the first person to walk beneath the Hudson River? (A) Lines 1 - 3 (B) Lines 4-6 (C) Lines 8-11 (D) Lines 14 - 15Passage 2 Icebergs are among nature' 5 most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being somewhere-in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence,which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just a unnoticed. Objects of sheerest beauty, they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green. or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring-in calm, sunlit seas. But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are-in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them. Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, 'drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries. As each year S snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A) The Melting of Icebergs (B) The Nature and Origin of Icebergs (C) The Size and Shape of Icebergs (D) The Dangers of Icebergs The author states that icebergs are rarely seen because they are (A) surrounded by fog (B) hidden beneath the mountains (C) located in remote regions of the world(D) broken by waves soon after they are formed The passage mentions all of the following colors for icebergs EXCEPT (A) yellow (B) blue (C) green (D) purple According to the passage, icebergs are dangerous becausethey (A) usually melt quickly (B) can turn over very suddenly (C) may create immense snowdrifts (D) can cause unexpected avalanches According to the passage, icebergs originate from a buildup of (A) turbulent water (B) feathers (C) underwater pressure (D) snowflakes 6. The formation of an iceberg is most clearly analogous to which of the following activities? (A)Walking on flufty new snow, causing it to become more compact and icy (B)Plowing large areas of earth, leaving the land flat and barren (C)Skating across a frozen lake and leaving a trail behind (D)Blowing snow into one large pile to clear an area 7. In line 23, the expression "from above" refers to (A)sunlit seas (B)polar regions (C)weight of mountains (D)layers of ice and snow 8. The attitude of the author toward icebergs is one of(A)disappointment (B)humor (C)disinterest (D)wonderPassage 3 Born in 1830 in rural Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson spent her entire life in the household of her parents. Between 1858 and 1862, it was later discovered, she wrote like a person possessed, often producing a poem a day. It was also during this period that her life was transformed into the myth of Amherst. Withdrawing more and more, keeping to her room sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white-a habit that added to her reputation as an eccentric. In their determination to read Dickinson's life in terms of a traditional romantic plot biographers have missed the unique pattern of her life-her struggle to create a female life not yet imagined by the culture in which she lived. Dickinson was not the innocent, lovelorn and emotionally fragile girl sentimentalized by the Dickinson myth and popularized by William Luce’s 1976 play, The B eIle of Amherst. Her decision to shut the door on Amherst society in the 1~5O's transformed her house into a kind of magical realm in which she was free to engage her poetic genius. Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affairs but rather a part of a more general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self – sovereignty, carried on an argument with the Puritan fathers. attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine, their stern patriarchal God. and their rigid notions of "true womanhood." 1. What is the author's main purpose in the passage? (A)To interpret Emily Dickinson' 5 eccentric behavior (B)To promote the popular myth of Emily Dickinson (C) To discuss Emily Dickinson's failed love affair (D) To describe the religious climate in Emily Dickinson'stime 2. According to the passage, the period from 1858 to 1862 was for Emily Dickinsona period of great (A)tragedy (B)sociability (C)productivity (D) frivolity 3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as being one of Emily Dickinson' s eccentricities? (A) Refusing to eat (B)Wearing only write (C)Avoiding visitors (D)Staying in her room4. According to the passage, biographers of Emily Dickinson havetraditionally (A)criticized most of her poems (B)ignored her innocence and emotional fragility (C)seen her life in romantic terms (D)blamed her parents for restricting her activities 5.Why does the author mention William Luce's play The Belle of Amherst? (A)To give an example of the sentimentalized Emily Dickinson myth (B)To show how popular Emily Dickinson's poems have become (C)To show that Emily Dickinson was also an actress (D)To illustrate the theatrical quality of Emily Dickinson's poems 1 6.The author imp ies that many people attribute Emily Dickinson's seclusion to (A)physical illness (B)a failed love affair (C)religious fervor (D)Her dislike of people 7.The author suggests all of the following asreasons for Emily Dickinson's unusual behavior EXCEPT the(A)struggle to create 3 new female identity(B)desire to develop her genius undisturbed(C)search for her own independence(D)attempt to draw attention to her poetry8.It can be inferred from the passage that Emily Dickinson lived in a society that wascharacterized by (A)strong Puritan beliefs (B)equality of men and women(C)the encouragement of nonconformity(D)the appreciation of poetic creativityPassage 4 Native Americans from the southeastern part of what is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three separate, but related, worlds: the Upper World. the Lower World, and This World. In the last there lived humans. most animals, and all plants. This World, a round island resting on the surface of waters, was suspended fromthe sky by four cords attached to the island at the four cardinal 'points of the compass. Lines drawn to connect the opposite points of the compass, from north to south and from east to west, intersected This World to divide it into four wedge - shaped segments. Thus a' symbolic representation of the human world was a cross within a circle, the cross representing the intersecting lines and the circle the shape of This World. Each segment of This World was identified by its own color. According to Cherokee doctrine,' east was associated with the color red because it was the direction of the Sun, the greatest deity of all. Red was also the color of fire, believed to be directly connected with the Sun, with blood, and therefore' with life. Finally, red was the color of success. The west was the Moon segment; it provided no warmth and was not life - giving as the Sun was. So its color was black. North was the direction of cold, and so its color was blue (sometimes purple), and it represented trouble and defeat. South was the direction of warmth, its color, white, was associated with peace and happiness. The southeastern Native Americans' universe was one in which opposites were constantly at war with each other, red against black, blue against white. This World hovered somewhere between the perfect order and predictability of the Upper World and the total disorder and instability of the Lower World. The goal was to find some kind of halfway path, or balance, between those other worlds. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A)One Civilization's View of the Universe (B)The Changing of the Seasons in the Southeast (C)The Painting of Territorial Maps by Southeastern Native Americans (D)The War Between Two Native American Civilizations 2. In line 3, the phrase "the last" refers to (A) all plants (B) This World (C) the universe (D) the Upper World 3. Tne author implies that This World was located (A) inside the Upper World (B) inside the Lower World (C) above the Upper World (D) between the Upper World and Lower World 4. According to the passage, southeastern Native Americans compared This World to (A) waters(B) the sky (C) an animal (D) an island 5. According to the passage, lines divided This World into how many segments? (A)Two (B)Three (C)Four (D)Five 6. According to the passage, southeastern Native Americans associated red with all of the following EXCEPT (A)fire (B)trouble (C)blood (D) success 7. According to the passage. which of the following colors represented the west for southeastern Native Americans? (A)Blue (B)While (C)Black (D) Purple 8. The shape of This Word is closest to that of which of the following? (A)A circle (B)A triangle (C)A square (D)A cube。

托福真题：1995年10月托福阅读全真试题-托福真题1995年10月托福阅读全真试题Questions 1-13Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, thesequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plantswas a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the livingcells of plants acted as pumps, But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killedcan still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanationsfor the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom ofthe plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers,which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if itis not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask, Howdoes it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation ofwater at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in anysample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes ofvery small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a columnof water compares with the strength of a steel wire ofthe same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns ofwater to be pulled to great heights without being broken.1. How many theories does the author mention?(A) One(B) Two(C) Three(D) Four2. The passage answers which of the following questions?(A) What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage?(B) When do dead cells harm plant growth?(C) How does water get to the tops of trees?(D) Why is root pressure weak?3. The word "demonstrated" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) distinguished4. What do the experiments mentioned in lines 7-9 prove?(A) Plant stems die when deprived of water(B) Cells in plant stems do not pump water(C) Plants cannot move water to high altitudes(D) Plant cells regulate pressure within stems5.How do botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?(A) Some very tall trees have weak root pressure.(B) Root pressures decrease in winter.(C) Plants can live after their roots die.(D) Water in a plant's roots is not connected to water in its stem.6. Which of the following statements does the passage support?(A) Water is pushed to the tops of trees.(B) Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps.(C) Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall trees.(D) Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants.7. The word "it" in line 16 refers to(A) top(B) tree(C) water(D) cohesion-tension theory.8. The word "there" in line 18 refers to(A) treetops(B) roots(C) water columns(D) tubes9. What causes the tension that draws water up a plant?(A) Humidity(B) Plant growth(C) Root pressure(D) Evaporation10. The word "extend" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) stretch(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate11. According to the passage, why does water travel through plants in unbroken columns?(A) Root pressure moves the water very rapidly.(B) The attraction between water molecules in strong.(C) The living cells of plants push the water molecules together.(D) Atmospheric pressure supports the columns.12.Why does the author mention steel wire in line 30?(A) To illustrate another means of pulling water(B) To demonstrate why wood is a good building material(C) To indicate the size of a column of water(D) To emphasize the strength of cohesive forces in water13.Where in the passage does the author give an example of a plant with low root pressure?(A) Lines3-4(B) Lines5-7(C) Lines10-11(D) Lines12-13Question 14-22Mass transport[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页1995年10月托福阅读全真试题ation revised the social and economic fabricof the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses,and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, andelectric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre- modern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those whocould afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery ofalmost every major city sparked an explosion of real estatedevelopment and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 newresidential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period,another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but withinthe metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of thepossibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirtyyears – lots that could have housed five to six million people.Of course, many were never occupied; there was alwaysa huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicagoand other cities. These excesses underscore a feature ofresidential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased andprepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much asto respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process.Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster thanpopulation growth.14. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?(A) Types of mass transportation.(B) Instability of urban life.(C) How supply and demand determine land use.(D) The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion.15. The author mentions all of the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT(A) growth in city area(B) separation of commercial and residential districts.(C) Changes in life in the inner city.(D) Increasing standards of living.16. The word "vast" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urban17. The word "sparked" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) brought about(B) surrounded(C) sent out(D) followed18. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?(A) To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.(B) To show that mass transit changed many cities.(C) To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.(D) To contrast their rates of growth19. The word "potential" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible20. The word "many" in line 25 refers to(A) people(B) lots(C) years(D) developers21. According to the passage, what was one disadvantage ofresidential expansion?(A) It was expensive.(B) It happened too slowly.(C) It was unplanned.(D) It created a demand for public transportation.22. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city(A) that is large(B) that is used as a model for land development(C) where land development exceeded population growth(D) with an excellent mass transportation system.Question 23-33The preservation of embryos and juveniles is rare occurrencein the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering beforethey can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance ofbeing preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack if swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given t上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页1995年10月托福阅读全真试题hese factors,some areas have become a treasury of well-preservedichthyosaur fossils.The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present aninteresting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 millionyears ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish, and invertebrates have been recovered fromthese rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, butwhat is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaurfossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in asmall area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific sitewas used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly overtime. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical develop- ment; their paddles, for example, are already well formed.One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition,the shale contains the remains of many newborns that arebetween 20 and 30 inches long.Why are there so many pregnant females and young atHolzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations havebeen carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration ofpregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.23. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?(A) Some species of ichthyosaurs decayed more rapidly than other species.(B) Ichthyosaur newborns are smaller than other newborn marine reptiles.(C) Ichthyosaurs were more advanced than terrestrial creatures.(D) Ichthyosaurs may have gathered at Holzmaden to give birth.24. The word "they" in line 4 refers to(A) skeletons(B) scavengers(C) creatures(D) environments25. All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization EXCEPT the(A) speed of burial(B) conditions of the water(C) rate at which soft tissues decay(D) cause of death of the animal.26. Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussedin the passage?(A) They include examples of newly discovered species.(B) They contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens(C) They are older than fossils found in other places(D) They have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.27. The word "outstanding" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) extensive(B) surprising(C) vertical(D) excellent28. The word "site" in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) example(B) location(C) development(D) characteristic29. Why does the author mention the specimen preserved in the birth canal (line 26)?(A) To illustrate that the embryo fossils are quite advanced in theirdevelopment(B) To explain why the fossils are well preserved(C) To indicate how the ichthyosaurs died(D) To prove that ichthyosaurs are marine animals.30. The word "they" in line 30 refers to(A) pregnant females and young(B) quarry operations(C) the value of the fossils(D) these factors31.The phrase "account for" in line 33 is closest in meaning to(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) explain32.Which of the following best expresses the relationship between the first and second paragraphs?(A) The first paragraph describes a place while the second paragraph describes a field of study.(B) The first paragraph defines the terms that are used in the second paragraph.(C) The second paragraph describes a specific instance of the general topic discussed in the first paragraph.(D) The second paragraph presents information that contrasts with the information given in the first paragraph.33.Where in the passage does the author mentions the variety of fossils found at Holzmaden?(A) Line 1(B) Lines 3-5(C) Lines 12-13(D) Lines 19-21Questions 34-41The Lewis and Clark expedition, sponsored by PresidentJefferson, was the most important official examination of thehigh plains and the Northwest before the War of 1812. ThePresident's secretary, Captain Meriwether Lewis, had beeninstructed to "explore the Missouri River, and such principal streams of it as, by its course and communication with thewaters of the Pacific Ocean …may offer her most direct and practicable water communication across the continent, for the purposes of commerce." Captain William Clark, the y上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页1995年10月托福阅读全真试题oungerbrother of famed George Rogers Clerk, was invited to sharethe command of the exploring party.Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammothswandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent,the two captains set out. The date was May 14, 1804. Theirpoint of departure was the mouth of the Wood River, justacross the Mississippi from the entrance of the Missouri River. After toiling up the Missouri all summer, the group winterednear the Mandan villages in the center of what is now North Dakota. Resuming their journey in the spring of 1805, themen worked their way along the Missouri to its source andthen crossed the mountains of western Montana and Idaho.Picking up a tributary of the Columbia River, they continued westward until they reached the Pacific Ocean, where theystayed until the following spring.Lewis and Clark brought back much new information,including the knowledge that the continent was wider thanoriginally supposed. More specifically, they learned a good deal about river drainages and mountain barriers. They ended speculation that an easy coast-to-coast route existed via the Missouri-Columbia River systems, and their reports of the climate, the animals and birds, the trees and plants, and the Indians of the West – though not immediately published –were made available to scientists.34.With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?(A) The river systems of portions of North America.(B) Certain geological features to the North American continent.(C) An exploratory trip sponsored by the United States government.(D) The discovery of natural resources in the United States.35.According to the passage, the primary purpose of finding a water route across the continent was to(A) gain easy access to the gold and other riches of the Northwest(B) become acquainted with the inhabitants of the West.(C) investigate the possibility of improved farmland in the West.(D) facilitate the movement of commerce across the continent36.The river Meriwether Lewis was instructed to explore was the(A) Wood(B) Missouri(C) Columbia(D) Mississippi37.According to the passage, the explorers spent their first winter in what would become(A) North Dakota(B) Missouri(C) Montana(D) Idaho38.The author states that Lewis and Clark studied all of thefollowing characteristics of the explored territories EXCEPT(A) mineral deposits(B) the weather(C) animal life(D) native vegetation39.The phrase "Picking up" in line 23 could best be replaced by which of the following?(A) Searching for(B) Following(C) Learning about(D) Lifting40.It can be inferred from the passage that prior to the Lewis and Clark expedition the size of the continent had been(A) of little interest(B) underestimated(C) known to native inhabitants of the West(D) unpublished but known to most scientists41.Wherer in the passage does the author refer to the explorers' failure to find an easy passageway to the western part of the continent?(A) Lines1-3(B) Lines7-8(C) Lines16-18(D) Lines21-24Questions 42-50For a century and a half the piano has been one of themost popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlikestring and wind instrument, the piano is completely self- sufficient, as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the favorite household instrument of thenineteenth century.The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries – the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord becamethe chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord's tone was metallic andnever powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympa-thetic instrument for intimate chamber music. The harpsichordwith its bright, vigorous tone was the favorite instrumentfor supporting the bass of the small orchestra of the period and for concert use but the character of the tone could not bevaried save by mechanical or structural devices.The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth centuryby a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists pointout several previous instances of上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页1995年10月托福阅读全真试题the instrument). This instrumentwas called a piano e forte(soft and loud), to indicate itsdynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavierin the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, includingthe introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonaleffects from the most delicate harmonies to an almostorchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone toa sharp, percussive brilliance.42. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The historical development of the piano(B) The quality of tone produced by various keyboard instruments(C) The uses of keyboard instruments in various types of compositions(D) The popularity of the piano with composers43. Which of the following instruments was widely used before the seventeenth century?(A) The harpsichord(B) The spinet(C) The clavichord(D) The organ44. The words "a supremacy" in line 12 are closest in meaning to(A) a suggestion(B) an improvement(C) a dominance(D) a development45. The word "supplanted" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) supported(B) promoted(C) replaced(D) dominated46. The word "it" in line 15 refers to the(A) variety(B) music(C) harpsichord(D) clavichord47. According to the passage, what deficiency did the harpsichord have?(A) It was fragile(B) It lacked variety in tone.(C) It sounded metallic.(D) It could not produce a strong sound.48. Where in the passage does the author provide a translation?(A) Lines 4-5(B) Lines 13-15(C) Lines 18-19(D) Lines 20-2549. According to the information in the third paragraph, which of the following improvements made it possible to lengthen the tone produced by the piano?(A) The introduction of pedals(B) The use of heavy wires(C) The use of felt-padded hammerheads(D) The metal frame construction50. The word "myriad" in line 32 is closest in meaning to(A) noticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unusual <br上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]。

0-1 ９０年１月ＴＯＥＦＬ听力　A1. (A) I have the key s to my sister's house.(B) My sister may have forgotten her skis.(C) My keys are probably at my sister's house.(D) I had to leave a pair of skis for my sister.2. (A) We should have graduated sooner.(B) The graduation ceremony is to be held as early as possible.(C) Early arrivals don't need to reserve seats for the ceremony.(D) It's necessary for us to arrive at the ceremony early.3. (A) Sara taught me how to use the computer.(B) Sara is spending too little time on computer projects.(C) I use the computer half as much as Sara does.(D) I have one computer and Sara has two.4. (A) Robert warned us to listen carefully.(B) We should pay attention to Robert.(C) Robert is talking instead of listening.(D) Let Robert hear the good news.5. (A) Stop that!(B) Go outside!(C) Do it again!(D) Put the scissors away!6. (A) Lois should work harder.(B) You should look for Lois.(C) Lois works very hard.(D) You are expecting too much of Lois.7. (A) Dean Williams asked the president to speak to the faculty.(B) The president asked Dean Williams to speak to the faculty.(C) Dean Williams and the president were invited to the faculty meeting.(D) The faculty must notify the president of a change of address.8. (A) Soon I'll be finished.(B) I've just finished.(C) I finished it a while ago.(D) I'll never finish it.9. (A) He doesn't like his work.(B) He isn't doing a good job.(C) He became ill at the office.(D) He's tired of looking for a job.10. (A) You don't find posters interesting, do you?(B) I believe framed posters are good for decorating.(C) Collecting posters is an interesting hobby.(D) He's tired of looking for a job.11. (A) I brought a camera just like that one.(B) I bought the wrong type of camera.(C) That camera ought to take very sharp photographs.(D) A camera is precisely what we need.12. (A) He gave back only the quizzes.(B) He gave only one quiz.(C) We wish he would return our quizzes.(D) We would like him to stop giving us quizzes.13. (A) I'm sorry to have inconvenienced you.(B) I'm not the cause of your problems.(C) I came because I heard you were in trouble.(D) I don't intend to worry about it very much.14. (A) One section of students is the best.(B) The students are very fond of playing football.(C) It's interesting to watch football practice.(D) I enjoy sitting with the students at the game.15. (A) We cannot attend the meeting at the airport.(B) Doesn't anyone want to go to the airport?(C) I believe that we'll be met at the airport.(D) Do you want to see someone at the airport?16. (A) These things take time to learn.(B) Will you study any more?(C) Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?(D) It will be a good learning experience for you.17. (A) That doesn't look like my suitcase.(B) Don't you recognize my suitcase?(C) Don't I usually lock my suitcase?(D) As far as I know, my suitcase should be open.18. (A) If you can see the movie on television, why pay for it?(B) Would it be foolish to watch that movie on television?(C) Why did you pay to see a movie on television?(D) When you saw that movie on television, was it silly?19. (A) I had no idea which report was due.(B) I thought only one report was due.(C) I didn't know they were both reporters.(D) I don't report what I do every day.20. (A) The sessions are very short.(B) The sessions may become longer.(C) The classes are too long.(D) The classes should be made smaller.21. (A) At a hairdresser's.(B) At a tailor's.(C) At a butcher's.(D) At a photographer's.22. (A) He is not used to big cities.(B) He is very tall and thin.(C) He will be hard to find.(D) he should watch what he does.23. (A) Cash a check for the man.(B) Get money to pay a bill.(C) Return Bill's books to the store.(D) Check to see whether she can pay in cash.24. (A) Five may be too many.(B) The decision must be made soon.(C) It would be smart to take more.(D) Four People are enrolled in them.25. (A) Find the newspaper editor.(B) Find a job working as a reporter.(C) Stay awake for the midnight news program.(D) Prepare an editorial for this week's newspaper.26. (A) A furnished house.(B) A recent book.(C) A refinished cellar.(D) A new record.27. (A) He hasn't had time to do the experiment.(B) The experiment turned out well.(C) The experiment took a lot of time.(D) He only did part of the experiment that day.28. (A) Keeping the check.(B) Sending a wire.(C) Inspecting the wiring.(D) Replacing the lamp.29. (A) It is in the center of the campus.(B) It should have a map of the city.(C) It has information about summer camps.(D) It probably has a campus map.30. (A) The paper must be in on time.(B) The question wasn't very clear.(C) He should ask a different person.(D) His request was made too late.31. (A) They have arrived late.(B) She agrees with the man.(C) They are uncertain about the weather.(D) She didn't think the man was ever late.32. (A) Her room isn't the one that's messy.(B) Joan's room is the large one.(C) She would like to change the subject.(D) She shares her room with Joan.33. (A) Happy.(B) Resentful.(C) Disappointed.(D) Sentimental.34. (A) Continue to drive.(B) Pay a traffic ticket.(C) Let the passenger out.(D) Park at the corner.35. (A) The woman hadn't sent a thank you note.(B) The woman hadn't noticed him.(C) The woman had left him a note.(D) The woman hadn't gotten his note.36. (A) Biomedical engineers.(B) Nursing students.(C) Students of philosophy.(D) Mechanics.37. (A) During the first week of classes.(B) During the second week of classes.(C) After the second week of classes.(D) Just before the final exam.38. (A) The mind can be completely understood through scientific observation.(B) The mind is too complex to be considered part of the "vital force".(C) The mind and the brain have the same chemical and physical functions.(D) The mind may function separately from the brain.39. (A) Decide whether they are mechanists or vitalists.(B) Take an article home and read it.(C) Transfer to the introductory class.(D) Write an essay about vitalism and mechanism.40. (A) An art student.(B) A chemistry student.(C) A newspaper reporter.(D) A landscape designer.41. (A) The name of an art school.(B) The differences between two kinds of paint.(C) Information about a course.(D) Locations about a course.42. (A) They dry in a short time.(B) They are easy to find in stores.(C) They come in many unusual colors.(D) They feel pleasant to the touch.43. (A) Experiment with achieving textures in painting.(B) Learn to mix their own paints.(C) Learn to appreciate abstract designs.(D) Copy the works of master painters.44. (A) Complete unfinished projects.(B) Practice techniques he has learned before.(C) Teach less advanced students how to use acrylic paints.(D) Learn how to apply paints with different kinds of brushes.45. (A) See the woman's work.(B) Ask his roommate for advice.(C) Order some supplies.(D) Sign up for a painting class.46. (A) On a Tuesday.(B) On a Wednesday.(C) On a Thursday.(D) On a Friday.47. (A) A final copy of the research project.(B) Copies of the midterm.(C) A textbook and pencils.(D) A few pens.48. (A) There will be only multiple-choice questions.(B) The exam will be both multiple-choice and essay questions.(C) The exam will have an oral and a written section.(D) There will be only essay questions.49. (A) it will be easy to understand.(B) Students will be tested on all the material discussed in class.(C) It will cover topics from a wide variety of academic fields.(D) Students must complete all parts of it.50. (A) During the first week of class.(B) During midterm week.(C) On the last day of class.(D) On the last day of exam week. ＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ　ＦＩＶＥ　B1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.(A) A(B) It is a(C) Although a(D) There is a2. Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.(A) such(B) more(C) as(D) than3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.(A) it grows(B) what grows(C) does it grow(D) what does it grow4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to makesteel.(A) bridge-building(B) building of bridges(C) building a bridge(D) bridges are built5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.(A) Contrary to general belief(B) General belief contrary to(C) Belief contrary to general(D) Contrary belief general to6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for aseat in the United States Congress.(A) Barbara Jordan's campaign being(B) Barbara Jordan campaigned(C) Campaigning for Barbara Jordan(D) Barbara Jordan campaigning7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.(A) are influenced(B) be influenced(C) influencing(D) influence8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's ---is equal to the probabilitythat it will not occur.(A) occurs(B) will occur(C) can occur(D) occurring9. ---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle ofcapillary action.(A) All lamps early(B) Lamps all early(C) All early lamps(D) Early all lamps10. Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called "the census taker of thesky."　(A) a leading astronomer who(B) who, as a leading astronomer,(C) was a leading astronomer(D) a leading astronomer,11. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---to thebody.(A) the stress it is greater(B) greater is the stress(C) greater stress is(D) the greater the stress12. And ideal is a standard ---people judge real phenomena.(A) how(B) of(C) by which(D) for it13. Maine has ---weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.(A) coolest(B) the coolest(C) cooler(D) the cooler14. Amoebas are ---small to be seen without a microscope.(A) far too(B) far and(C) so far(D) as far as15. Graphite conducts electricity ---does not burn.(A) because(B) if(C) when(D) and16. The methods of spectrum analysis vary according to the wavelength region were studied.　A B C D17. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour who originateover A B C D tropical ocean waters.　18. A great proportion of the seeds of desert flora they possess germination-inhibiting substances.　A B C D19. Window treatment, furniture arrangement and color combine all contribute to the overall A B C impression of a room.　D20. Harvesting of grains is affected by annual changes in temperature or in the amount of A B Cmoisture, but both.　D21. Due to its excellent tensile strength, acetate rayon is an important material for products so as A B C balloons, parachutes, fire hoses, and webbing.　D22. It has not been determined how years sea turtles can live in their natural environment, butthey A Bwill reach a very old age if left undisturbed by humans.　C D23. A footnote is characteristically employed to give information that is too long or too detailed A B C Dbe included in the body of a text.　24. Watercolors dry more faster than other paints.　A B C D25. In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or relating A B C D those objects.　26. Alike most fruit trees, the quince is normally propagated from shoots or cuttings.　A B C D27. A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time.　A B C D28. In 1981 the fossil jaw of a previously unknown small mammal was found onto a Navaho A B C Dreservation in Arizona.　29. The wild carrot, knew as Queen Anne's lace, gave rise to the cultivated carrot in its A B Cdomesticated form.　D30. A statue, a monumental, a building, or a park may be dedicated to commemorate a A B Cdistinguished individual.　D31. The Earth's magnetic poles are not stationary, but slowly shift its position.　A B C D32. A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world.　A B C D33. The elbows are joints that connected people's up arms with their forearms.　A B C D34. Ants have an elaborate structure social, and enjoy a longevity far greater than that of most A B C Dinsects.　35. Municipal planners deal chiefly for the physical layout of communities.　A B C D36. A musician with multiply talents, Aretha Franklin is able to write songs that are unusually A B C consistent in style and content.　D37. Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of A B C Dphysiology and of culture.　38. One of the most distinction dialects of North American English, Gullah is spoken by many A B Cpeople in the South Carolina area.　D39. The novels of John Cheever belongs to a literary tradition that is concerned primarily with A B C D manners.　40. Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.A B C DＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ　ＦＩＶＥ　CPassage 1The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. Thc first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them with steel rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty times longer. Before the 1870's, however. steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made by a slow and expensive process of heating. stirring. and reheating iron oreThen the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at melted iron in a furnace would burn out the impurities that made the iron brittle As the air shot. through the furnace. the bubbling metal? would erupt in showers of sparks. When the fire cooled. the metal had been changed. or converted. to steel. The Bessemer converter made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five tons of iron could be changed into steel? in a matter of minutes.Just when the demand for more and more steel developed. prospectors discovered huge new deposits of iron ore in the Mesabi Range, a 120 - mile - long region in Minnesota near Lake Superior. The Mesabi deposits were so near the surface that they could be mined with steam' shovels.Barges and steamers carried the iron ore through Lake Superior to depots or: the southern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. With dizzying speed Gary. Indiana. and Toledo. Youngstown. and Cleveland. Chic. became major steel - manufacturing centers Pittsburgh was the greatest steel city of all.Steel was the basic building material of the industrial age. Production skyrocketed from seventy - seven thousand tons in 1870 to over eleven million tons in 1900. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage( A)　The Railroad industry(B)　Famous Inventors( C)　Changing Iron into Steel(D)' Steel Manufacturing Centers2.According to the passage. the railroad industry try preferred steel to iron because steel was(A)　cheaper and more plentiful(B)　lighter. and easier to mold(C) cleaner. And easier to mine(D)stronger and more durable　3.　According to the passage, how did the Bessemer method make the mass production ofsteel possible?　(A) It directed air at melted iron in a furnace. removing all impurities.　(B) It slowly heated iron ore.. then stirred itand heated it again.C) It changed iron ore into iron, which was a substitute for steel.( D It could quickly find deposits 6f iron oreunder the ground.4.The furnace that Bessemer used to process iron into steel was called a(A)heater(B)steamer(C)converter(D)shower5.According to the passage. where were large deposits of iron one uncovered?(A)In Pittsburgh(B)In the Mesabi Range(C)Near Lake Michigan(D)Near Lake Erie6.In line 17 the words 'Barges and steamers could best be replaced by which of the following?(A)Trains(B)Planes(C)Boats(D)Trucks7.It can be inferred from the passage that the mass production of steel caused(A)a decline in the railroad industry　(B)a revolution in the industrial world　(C) an increase in the price of steel(D) a feeling of discontent among steel workPassage 2The origins of the horse go back to eohippus the "dawn horse" of me Eocene only 10 to 20 inches tall. Like its relatives the ancient tapir and rhinoceros, eohippus had four toes on its front feet, three on the rear, and teeth adapted to a forest diet of soft leaves. Bohippus died out about5(1 million years ago in both North America and Europe.Late ancestral horse types moved from their forest niche out onto the grassy plains. Their teeth ac to accommodate to hard siliceous grass. No longer could these protohorses slip away through thick forest when dancer threatened Escape now demanded speed and endurance Limbs crew longer. Extra toes became vestiges that were not visible externally1.The passage mainly discusses the(A) evolution of the horse(B) 5iZC of eohippus(C) animals of the Eocene(D) plight of endangered species2.The author states that eohipous was related to the(A) horsefly(B)tapeworm　(C)hippopotamus(D)rhinoceros3.What did the eohippus eat? (A) Rhinoceros meat (B) Soft leaves (C) Hard siliceous grass　(D) Other horses　2. In what way did predators present less of a threat to eohiopus than to later proto horses. (A) Eohippus was hidden by the forest.(B)Eohippus could run farther.(C)Eohiopus was not edible.(D) Eohipous was larger and stronger5.Tne paragraph following the passage most probably discusses(A)other changes that the rhinoceros has undergone(B)more reasons for the extinction of eohiopus(C)further development of early horse types.(D)the diet of eohippus.Passage 3In terrestrial affairs we think of "big" as being complicated; a city is more intricate than a village. an ocean more complicated than a puddle. For the universe. the reverse seems to be the case bigger is simpler Galaxies have some puzzling features. but on the whole. they are scarcely more complicated than the stars that compose them Beyond the galaxies. in the hierarchy of the cosmos. there are clusters of galaxies; these clusters are loosely bound by the gravity of their largest members and tend to look very much the same in all directions. Simplest of all is the universe at large. it is far less complicated than the Earth, one of its most trivial members. The universe consists of billions of galaxies flying apart as if from an explosion that set it in motion'. it is not lopsided. nor does it rotate. The more thoroughly scientists investigate the universe. the more clearly its simplicity shines through.1. What is the main point made in the passage? (A)The Earth is more complicated than the solar system(B)　The universe is filled with puzzling materials.(C)　The universe is a relatively simple phenomenon.(D) Galaxy clusters are an illusion.2.Acoording to the passage. clusters of galaxies are(A) indiscernible in the cosmos(B) held together by gravity(C) made up of only one or two galaxies(D) created when stars explode3.According to the passage, which of the fllowing is the most complicated?(A) The Earth(B) A cluster of galaxies(C) The universe(D) A galaxy4. It can be inferred from the passage that future research will support which of thefollowing statements?(A) Scientists in the past have been misled by the apparent simplicity of the universe.(B) The chaos and confusion of the universe will never be understood(C) Findings will confirm the belief that the universe is simple(D) Billions of galaxies are predicted to explode, adding to universal complexity.Passage 4Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such asmotorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill - climbing contests or in carving new trails in the desert. But recent scientific studies show that these off - road vehicles can cause damage to desert landscapes that has long - range effects on the area' 5 water - conserving characteristics and on the entire ecology, both plant and animal. Research by scientists in the western Mojave Desert in California revealed that the compaction of the sandy arid soilresulting from the passage of just one motorcycle markedly reduced the infiltration ability of the soil and created a stream of rain runoff water that eroded the hillside surface. In addition, the researchers discovered that the soil compaction caused by the off - road vehicles often killed native plant species and resulted in the invasion of different plant species within a few years. The native perennial species required many more years before they showed signs of returning. The scientists calculated that roughly a century would be required for the infiltration capacity of the Mojave soil to be restored after being compacted by vehicles.1. What is the main topic of the passage?(A) Problems caused by recreational vehicles(B) Types of off - road vehicles(C) Plants of the southwestern desert(D) The increasing number of recreation seekers2. According to the passage, what is being damaged?(A) Motorcycles(B) The desert landscape(C) Roads through the desert(D) New plant species3. According to the passage, the damage to plants is(A) unnoticeable(B) superficial(C) long-lasting(D) irreparable4. According to the passage, what happens when the soil is compacted?(A) Little water seeps through (B) Better roads are made(C) Water is conserved (D) Deserts are expanded5. What is happening to the desert hillsides?(A)The topsoil is being eroded(B)The surface is being irrigated(C) There are fewer types of plants growing on them(D)There are fewer streams running through them6.According to the passage, what is happening to native plants in these areas?(A)They are becoming more compact(B)They are adapting(C)They are invading other areas(D)They are dying7.It can be inferred that which of the following people would probably be most alarmed by the scientists' findings?(A)Historians (B)Mapmakers (C)Farmer (D) EcologistsPassage5　Certainly one of the most intelligent and best educated women of her day, MercyOtis Warren produced a variety of poetry and prose. Her farce The Group ( 1776) was the hit of revolutionary Boston. a collection of two plays and poems appeared in 1790,and he three - volume History of the Rise. Progress. and Termination of the American Revolution. Interspersed with Biographical and Moral Observations appeared in 1805 She wrote other farces. as well as anti -Federalist pamphlet. Observations on the New Constitution. and on the Federal and State Conventions(1788) There is no modern edition of her works. but there are two twentieth - century biographies. one facsimile edition of The Group. and a generous discussion of her farces and plays in Arthur Hubson Quinn's A History of the American Drama From the Beginning to the Civil Wa r. Of her non-dramatic poetry. critics rarely speakMercy Otis was born into a prominent'. family in Barnstable. Massachusetts. In 1754, she married James Warren. a Harvard friend of James Otis and John Adams. comes Warren was to become a member of the Massachusetts legislature just before the war and a financial aide to Washington during the war with the rank of major general). The friendship of the Warrens and Adamses was lifelong and close: Abigail Adams was one 0* Mercy Warren's few close friends. Following the war. James Warren reentered politics to oppose the Constitution because he feared that it did not adequately provide for protection of individual rights. Mercy Warren joined her husband in political battle. out the passage of the Bill of flights marked the end of their long period of political agitation.In whatever literary form Warren wrote. she had but one theme-liberty. In her farces and history. it was national and political freedom. In her poems. it was intellectual freedom. In her anti - Federalist pamphlet. it was individual freedom. Throughout all of these works. moreover.runs the thread of freedom (equal treatment) for women. Not militant. she nevertheless urged men to educate their daughters and to treat their wives as equals.1. Which of the following is the main topic of the Passage?(A) Mercy Otis Warren and other poets of the Revolutionary War period(B)　The development of Mercy Otis Warren' 5 writing style(C)　Mercy Otis Warren' 5 contributions to American literature and society(D)　The friends and acquaintances of Mercy Otis Warren2. In what year was Warren's pamphlet about the Constitution written?(A)1776(B) 1788(C)1790(D)18053. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a kind of writing done by Warren?(A) Farces(B) Poetry(C) Plays(D) Advertisements4. The author implies that Mercy Otis Warren felt the Constitution would fail to Protect(A) literary progress(B) political parties(C) the American economy(D) personal freedom5.In line 21 the word "but" could best be replaced by which of the following?　(A) only (B) yet (C) still (D) however6.According to the passage. the kind of liberty emphasized in Warren's poems was(A) national (B) intellectual (C) political (D) religious7.In lines 24 - 25, the author refers to Warren as "not militant" to indicate that she (A)remainedpolitically aloof(B)did not continue agitating for a Bill of flights(C)did not campaign aggressively for women's rights(D)did not support military conscription。

托福入学测试笔试试卷通用卷Choose the most suitable answer to complete the following sentences.1. He is always here; it’s _ ___ you've never met him.A. uniqueB. strangeC. rareD. peculiarC2. We shall probably never be able to ___ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.A. assertB. impartC. ascertainD. notifyC3. Professor Hawking is __ __ as one of the world's greatest living physicists.A. dignifiedB. clarifiedC. acknowledgedD. illustrated4. I must congratulate you _ __ the excellent design of the new bridge.A. withB. atC. onD. of5. She was so _ __ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at theA. attractedB. absorbedC. drawnD. concentrated6. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorfulballoons ___ _ slowly into the sky.A. ascendingB. elevatingC. escalatingD. lingering7. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man ofconsiderable _ ___.A. futureB. possibilityC. abilityD. opportunity8. I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t __A. lackB. withdrawC. omitD. leak9. Military orders are __ __ and cannot be disobeyed.A. defectiveB. conservativeC. alternativeD. imperative10. Cancer is second only _ ___ heart disease as a cause of death.A. ofB. toC. withD. from11. You cannot be __ _ careful when you drive a car.A. veryB. soC. tooD. enough12. __ __ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In spite ofB. In case ofC. But forD. Because13. He is the only person who can __ __ in this case, because the otherwitnesses were killed mysteriously.A. testifyB. chargeC. accuseD. rectify14. I didn’t know the word. I had to __ __ a dictionary.A. make outB. look outC. go overD. refer to15. We can accept your order __ __ payment is made in advance.A. in the belief thatB. in order thatC. on the excuse thatD. on condition that16. We'd like to __ __ a table for five for dinner this evening.A. preserveB. reserveC. retainD. sustain17. What you say now is not ___ _ with what you said last week.A. consistentB. persistentC. permanentD. insistent18. The medicine __ __ his pain but did not cure his illness.A. activatedB. alleviatedC. mediatedD. deteriorated19. He is too young to be able to __ __ between right and wrong.A. discardB. discernC. disperseD. disregard20. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms mayresult in __ __ and lack of unity in style.A. conflictB. confrontationC. disturbanceD. disharmony21. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most considerate of all Indians but seemsto be _ ___ the welfare of his animals.A. critical aboutB. indignant atC. indifferent toD. subject to22. It has been revealed that some government leaders ___ their authority andposition to get illegal profits for themselves.A. employB. takeC. abuseD. overlook23. His argument does not suggest that mankind can__ __ to be wasteful in theutilization of these resources.A. resortB. grantC. affordD. entitle24. Some diseases are __ __ by certain water animals.A. transplantedB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted25. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is____.A. firmB. companyC. corporationD. enterpriseIt’s a big country!When it comes to body weight, Americans stand out. Most visitors to theUnited States, no matter where they go across this vast country, comment onthe size of many Americans. In fact, these impressions are backed by numerous statistics. For example, the average 5‘4" American weighs 162 pounds, or pounds more than the average person of the same height from Western orCentral Europe. Another comparison: At 150 pounds, the average5’4”American woman is 24 pounds heavier than her Japanese counterpart.Why are Americans so heavy？Some blame the American diet. Certainly it’true that Americans eat more high-fat foods – meat, dairy products, andprocessed food – and fewer grains and vegetables than people in other countries.including the tendency forBut fat isn’t the whole story. Lifestyle factors –Americans to drive rather than walk or ride a bicycle to work, to snackthroughout the day, and to have so many labor-saving devices in the home –appear to contribute to the problem.(165 words)26. According to the article, the average Western European weighs ____ ___.A. more than an AmericanB. more than a Central EuropeanC. less than an AmericanD. less than a Japanese person27. In comparison with Americans, people in other countries eat more _ ____.A. meatB. dairy productsC. processed foodD. grainsHeadachesEveryone has experienced headaches, but only recently have medical researchers begun to learn more specifically about the causes and possible treatments for different types of headache pain.The most common type of headache is the simple tension headache. Tension headaches are usually mild and short-lasting and can result from various factors, such as stress caused by worry or noise. Tension headaches are caused by a tightening of the neck or back muscles, which slows the flow of blood and, therefore, oxygen to the brain. It is the lack of oxygen that causes the pain. Most headaches can be relieved by taking a mild analgesic such as aspirin. Analgesics expand the blood vessels and restore the normal flow of blood and oxygen to the brain.A more serious type of headache is the migraine. Migraine headaches are often extremely painful and can last for hours or days. Like tension headaches, they can be the result of different factors, including stress, hormonal changes, andallergies. Unlike tension headaches, however, they are caused by an abnormal expansion or swelling (rather than a contraction) of the blood vessels within the head. Medicines that shrink swollen blood vessels can be used to treat migraine headaches.A tiny minority of headaches can be linked to severe physical problems such as head injury or brain tumors. For these types of headaches, there are medicines to treat the symptoms, but there is no cure unless the underlying problem is removed.(244 words)28. This article discusses the ___ ____.A. tiny minority of people who have headachesB. history of medical research into headachesC. causes and remedies for headachesD. physical problems caused by headaches29. A tension headache can result when ____ ___.A. the neck and back muscles relaxB. people get injured in an accidentC. the flow of blood is restrictedD. too much oxygen goes to the brain30. Medicines for migraines ____ ___.A. relax the head and neckB. generally relieve tensionC. increase the flow of bloodD. cause blood vessels to contract31. Headaches caused by serious physical problems __ _____.A. can’t be treatedB. don’t cause much painC. have no symptomsD. are not very commonPainful PoultryA It’s common practice in the poultry industry to amputate the beaks ofchickens to prevent them pecking each other. Techniques of ‘debeaking’vary, but in the UK it is performed on chicks when they are a few days old, and usually involves amputating one third of the upper part of the beakwith a heated blade. The poultry industry has always assumed thatchickens quickly recover, but evidence presented at the InternationalOrnithological Congress in New Zealand suggests otherwise. Dr. Michael Gentle, of the Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research inEdinburgh, has shown that chickens can feel chronic pain weeks, andsometimes even months, after the operation.B Chickens have pain receptors in their beak, and so slicing their beaks offwith a hot knife must hurt them. What Dr. Gentle has found is that the pain may be delayed, as is the case with human burn victims. ‘The chickens are not in paininitially, but 24 hours later they show clear pain-relatedbehaviour.’ After the beak is amputated, the remaining stump may taketwo to four weeks to heal. But even then, pain may continue: the damaged nerves still grow, and may be ‘abnormally and spontaneously active’(believed to the cause of stump pain in human amputees). Even twomonths later, the stump is unusually sensitive to touch and temperaturechanges.C Many aspects of a chicken’s behaviour also suggest that it experiences thelong-term pain, and perhaps even the depression, typically felt by human amputees. In the first few weeks after debeaking, a chicken spends more time resting than usual. And even six weeks later, when the stump hashealed over, a chicken avoids using its beak.D The habit of pecking each other doesn’t necessarily start off as aggressivebehaviour – it may simply escalate once one bird is injured, and sometimes be a substitute for pecking at litter – but it can quickly leads to the death of weaker birds.E Is debeaking really the solution, though? A very preliminary survey inScotland, of two commercial laying breeds, found debeaking had noeffect on the extent of feather and comb damage, or on body weights of the number of birds that died. A much more effective approach would be toremove the conditions – such as overcrowding and bright light, forexample, that are known to contribute to feather-pecking and cannibalism.Where chickens really have to be kept in such conditions, a more sensible solution than debeaking, says Dr. Gentle, would be to breed strains ofpeck each other.chickens that don’ｔ(Angela Turner) Questions 32-36The reading passage is divided into five paragraphs A - E. From the list of headings (i-ix) below, choose the most suitable heading of each paragraph, and write the letter in the space provided.NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of themi Other effects of debeakingii Chickens have feelingsiii Challenging an acceptedpracticeiv Alternative solutionsv Methods of amputationvi The pecking habitvii Chronic Painviii Improving the debeakingtechniqueix Chickens are notaggressive32 Paragraph A Ⅲ33Paragraph B Ⅱ34Paragraph C Ⅶ35Paragraph D Ⅵ36Paragraph E ⅣQuestions 37-38Answer the following questions using no more than THREE words from the passage.37What has been the industry’s belief in relation to chicks in the debeaking process?Chickens quickly recover.38Dr. Gentle twice compares the chickens with humans. Write the twocategories of humans.Human burn victimsHuman amputeesQuestions 39-4039According to the passage, one reason for the behaviour of pecking other chickens is ___A. the need to peck at the ground in a natural habitat.B. the need to assert dominance over weaker chickens.C. the natural tendency for aggressive behaviour in chickens.D. the frustration experienced by caged birds.40The author believes that ___A. debeaking is necessary.B. debeaking is sensible in certain conditions.C. debeaking is not the right way to deal with the problem.D. there is a link between debeaking and the number of chicken deaths.。

ket真题试卷KET (Key English Test) is an internationally recognized English language proficiency exam. It is designed for individuals who have a basic understanding of English and want to demonstrate their ability to communicate in everyday situations. In this article, we will explore the different sections of the KET exam and discuss some tips for success.The KET exam consists of four sections: Reading and Writing, Listening, Speaking, and Use of English. Each section assesses a different aspect of language proficiency and requires specific skills to excel.Firstly, let's look at the Reading and Writing section. This section evaluates your ability to understand written English and express yourself in writing. You will be given various texts, such as advertisements, emails, and short articles, and asked to answer multiple-choice questions or complete sentences. To improve your performance in this section, it is essential to expand your vocabulary and practice reading different types of texts.Moving on to the Listening section, this part of the exam measures your abilityto understand spoken English. You will listen to a range of conversations and monologues and answer multiple-choice questions or complete sentences. To enhance your listening skills, it is beneficial to expose yourself to authentic English audio materials, such as podcasts or movies, and practice listening for specific information.Now, let's discuss the Speaking section. This section assesses your ability tocommunicate effectively in spoken English. You will participate in a conversation with an examiner and another candidate. You will be asked questions about yourself, your interests, and your experiences. To excel in this section, it is crucial to practice speaking English with others regularly. Engage in conversations with friends, join language exchange programs, or consider taking speaking classes. Lastly, the Use of English section evaluates your knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. You will be given a series of sentences with gaps, and you need to choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. To improve your performance in this section, it is essential to study grammar rules and practice using them in context. Additionally, expanding your vocabulary through reading and using flashcards can also be beneficial.Preparing for the KET exam requires dedication and consistent effort. Here are some additional tips to help you succeed:1. Familiarize yourself with the exam format and practice with past papers. This will help you become comfortable with the structure and timing of the exam.2. Set specific goals and create a study plan. Break down your preparation into manageable tasks and allocate time for each section of the exam.3. Seek feedback from a teacher or native English speaker. They can provide valuable insights into areas that need improvement and offer guidance on how to enhance your language skills.4. Use online resources and study materials to supplement your preparation. There are numerous websites, mobile apps, and textbooks available that offerpractice exercises and sample questions.5. Stay motivated and believe in your abilities. Remember that language learning takes time and effort, but with persistence, you can achieve your goals.In conclusion, the KET exam is a valuable certification that demonstrates your ability to communicate in basic English. By understanding the different sections of the exam and implementing effective study strategies, you can increase your chances of success. Good luck with your preparation!。

Unit 12 Gender Bias in LanguageText analysis1. Which two opinions are presented in the first paragraph?There are those who believe that the language that we use everyday is biased in and of itself. Then there are those who feel that language is a reflection of the prejudices that people have within themselves.2. Which sentences in the conclusion show the writer’s attitude?In the last paragraph, we find these sentences: “It is necessary for people to make the proper adjustments internally to use appropriate language to effectively include both genders. We qualify language. It is up to us to decide what we will allow to be used and made proper in the area of language.” Evidently, they denote the writer’s attitude toward what we should do about gender bias in language.Structural analysis1. What type of writing is the text?This text is an expositive essay with reference to gender bias in language.2. What’s the main strategy to develop this expositive essay?The text is mainly developed by means of exemplification. Examples are abundantly used in Paragraphs 2-6.3. Work out the structure of the text by completing the table.Key to the ExercisesText comprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the author’s purpose of writing.DII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T2. F3. F4. T5. TIV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. Language is an intricate system capable of expressing subtle differences in meaning, emotion, attitude and so on.2. The words people choose to use in conversation show the prejudices they hold within themselves.3. Nilsen argues that, at the beginning of a wedding ceremony, when the father is asked who gives the bride away and he answers, "I do," sexual prejudice shows itself.4. To be born a man, with the mark of "male," is almost like receiving grace, a favor from God one doesn't actually deserve.VocabularyI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. consider / take into consideration2. by its very nature3. men's superiority4. the reason that leads to5. begins to exercise an influence6. in connection withII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. bias2. perpetuate3. oriented4. achievements5. exalts6. misinterpreted7. In reference to8. yielded9. tempers10. supremacyIII. Choose a word that best completes each of the following sentences.1-5 CDABC 6 -10 AABCDIV. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in its appropriate form and note the difference in meaning between them.1. a. bias b. prejudice c. bias d. prejudice2. a. requested b. claim c. requested d. claim3. a. connecting b. connected c. attaches d. attached4. a. instances b. example c. instances d. exampleV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. strong (mighty, forceful)2. understand (comprehend, interpret)3. entertain (cherish, nurture)4. include (embrace)5. unbiased (just, balanced)6. inferiority (subservience)7. conventional (common, usual, habitual)8. little (small, inconsiderable, insignificant)VI. Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in capital letters.1. The aircraft can carry 480 people excluding the crew and cabin staff.2. His poetry conveys a great sense of religious devotion.3. The judge decided that allowing the videotape as evidence would be prejudicial to the outcome of the trial.4. It seems he's not solely to blame for the accident.5. The political disparity between the two communities is obvious.6. At the ceremony many speakers exalted his lifetime contribution to the movie industry.7. In the last two to three years, drinkers have become more discerning and are now enjoying a wider variety of beer of better quality.8. The changes to the national health system will be implemented next yearGrammarII. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate relative words. Use a preposition where necessary.1. that2. who / whom / --3. that / which4. when / at which / --5. whereby / in which / by which6. whose7. why / that8. that / --9. whom10. that / --III. Combine the two sentences in each group into one, using a relative clause.1. The extra work she took on was starting to affect her health.2. Adam, whose novel the TV series is based on, will appear in the first episode.3. The trees which / that were blown down in last night's storm are being cut down.4. Dorothy was able to switch between German, Polish and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently.5. The hurricane, which caused such damage in the islands, has now headed out to sea.6. The house which / that is next to ours is for sale.7. Neil Smith, whose parents are both teachers, won first prize in the competition.8. They climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which they got a good view.IV. Put the verbs into the most appropriate form.1. hear, will suppose, no longer wish2. will cover3, are you going4. are going to invite,5. will be attended to,6. am going to watchTranslationI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 甚至在亲属关系上，家中的男人常被称为“当家的”，即便只不过是个四岁的娃儿。