首都医科大研究生考试2009试卷3

2009年中医综合考研试题及答案解析51遣药配伍“散中寓收”的方剂是A止嗽散B九味羌活汤C小青龙汤D麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤52桃核承气汤中配伍桂枝的用意是A温经散寒B散寒通脉C助阳化气D通行血脉53半夏厚朴汤的组成除半夏、厚朴外，还含有的药物是A苏子、茯苓、生姜B茯苓、生姜、苏叶C枳壳、茯苓、苏叶D 干姜、茯苓、苏叶54大黄牡丹汤中配伍大黄的主要目的是A泻热降火解毒B泻热凉血止血C泻热荡实通便D泻除湿热瘀结55遣药配伍中体现“通因通用”之法的方剂是A凉膈散B白头翁汤C芍药汤D葛根黄芩黄连汤56黄土汤中配伍黄芩的主要用意是A制约温燥B清热燥湿C泻火坚阴D清肠止血57小便涩滞，淋沥不畅，尿有余沥，面色少华，舌质淡，脉虚细无力。

其治疗宜选A石苇散B补中益气汤C沉香散D膏淋汤58治疗水肿脾阳虚衰证，应首选A五苓散B理中丸C实脾饮D春泽汤59润汤丸适宜于治疗A气虚秘B阴虚秘C冷秘D血虚秘60治疗胃痛痰湿中阻证，应首选A清中汤B二陈汤C平胃散D泻心汤合连朴饮61呕吐的基本病机是A肝气犯胃，升降失调B胃失和降，胃气上逆C脾胃亏虚，运化失常D饮食不节，食滞不化62治疗噎膈痰气交阻证，应首选A通幽汤B启膈散C旋覆代赭汤D补气运脾汤63治疗眩晕瘀血阻窍证，应首选A血府逐瘀汤B通窍活血汤C癫狂梦醒汤D桃红四物汤64治疗喘证痰热郁肺证，应首选A麻杏石甘汤B三子养亲汤C定喘汤D桑白皮汤65肺痈初期，风热侵犯肺卫，其治法是A养阴益气B排脓解毒C化瘀消痈D清肺散邪66肺胀痰热郁肺证的治法是A化痰降气，健脾益肺B清肺化痰，降逆平喘C涤痰，开窍，息风D温肾健脾，化饮利水67治疗悬饮邪犯胸肺证，应首选A椒目瓜蒌汤B己椒苈黄丸C柴枳半夏汤D大青龙汤68治疗盗汗阴虚火旺证，应首选A六味地黄丸B当归六黄丸C知柏地黄丸D无比山药丸69治疗感冒暑湿伤表证，应首选A荆防败毒散B银翘散C新加香薷饮D参苏饮70首先提出将咳嗽分为外感、内伤两大类的医家是A巢元方B张介宾C虞抟D喻昌71壮热汗出，项背强急，手足挛急，腹满便结，口渴喜冷饮，舌质红，苔黄燥，脉弦数。

2009年硕士研究生招生入学考试初试试题科目代码：638科目名称：体育学基础综合第一部分运动生理学一、名词解释（每小题2分，共20题）1、能量统一体2、兴奋性3、姿势反射4、运动单位5、碱贮备6、心力贮备7、体适能8、绝对力量9、真稳定状态10、积极性休息二、单项选择题（每小题1.5分，共30分）1、实现肌细胞收缩和舒张的基本单位是——。

A肌纤维；B肌原纤维；C肌小节；D肌球蛋白分子。

2、目前认为实现骨骼肌细胞兴奋收缩藕联的关键因素是——。

A兴奋沿横管系统传至细胞内部；B兴奋沿肌浆网传播触发钙离子的释放；C三联管兴奋引起终末池释放钙离子；D终末池对钙离子的通透性增大。

3、屈膝纵跳起，股四头肌——。

A只做等张收缩；B只做等动收缩；C先做拉长收缩，再做等张收缩；D先做等长收缩，再做等张收缩。

4、通常认为，肌肉做等张收缩时——。

A负荷恒定，速度恒定；B负荷恒定，速度改变；C负荷改变，速度改变；D负荷改变，速度恒定。

5、属慢肌纤维代谢特征的是——。

A糖原含量少，糖酵解能力高；B糖酵解能力低，乳酸脱氢酶的活性高；C糖酵解能力低，氧化脂肪能力高；D糖原含量高，有氧氧化能力强。

6、采用60%最大负荷训练——。

A能有效增进最大速度；B能使最大力量增进最多；C能使速度和力量获得一定程度的增进；D能使最大速度和最大力量都获得增进。

7、内呼吸是指——。

A肺泡与毛细血管血液之间的气体交换；B组织细胞与毛细血管血液之间的气体交换；C细胞器之间的气体交换；D线粒体膜内外的气体交换。

8、某人每分肺通气量6000ml，呼吸频率为16次/min，无效腔容量取125ml，每分心输出量为5000ml，他的通气/血流比值应该是——。

A0.7；B0.8；C0.9；D1.09、中小强度运动时，肺通气量的增加主要依靠——。

A呼吸深度的增加；B呼吸频率的增加；C两者都有，以A为主；D两者都有，以B为主。

10、评定肺通气功能较好的指标是——。

A通气量；B肺活量；C时间肺活量；D通气/血流比值。

首都医科大学北京同仁医院眼科09年博士入学考试试题一. 简答30分1.视网膜中央动脉阻塞的急诊处理。

2.高度近视眼的眼科并发症。

3.单纯疱疹病毒角膜炎的致病机制，临床分类和治疗。

4.睫状神经节的组成和部位。

5.来源中胚层的眼组织二. 论述（任选三道做）30分1.青光眼药物的分类，作用机制和副作用2.糖网的国际和国内分期3.常见造成突眼的炎症性眼病分类和临床特征4.糖网新生血管的形成过程、机制、促进和抑制其生长的因子、可能的治疗方法。

32首医考博2008三、简答（5分x5=25分）1、中胚叶发育的眼球组织2、睫状神经节位置和组成3、瞳孔对光反射传导通路4、白瞳症概念可见于哪些疾病5、急性视力下降，不伴有眼前节病变，有哪些疾病四、论述（5选3，10分x3=30分）1、急闭临床表现及治疗原则2、糖网国际分期及国内分期3、角膜内皮细胞功能、特点4、不同部位视网膜出血的特点5、眼科常用分子生物学技术和实验方法首都医科大学2004年博士入学考试眼科试题2、简答题泪膜的组成及功能真菌性角膜炎的感染菌属及临床表现外伤性青光眼性低眼压第机制视觉的种类及简查3、问答题青光眼的分类、详细列举继发青光眼的类型和现代青光眼的治疗Coats病的机制、临床表现糖尿病视网膜病变的分期及治疗首都医科大学2003年眼科学（博士）三、问答题（每题10分，共30分）1 .请解释交感性眼炎的定义；简介其成因和发病机理；描述其临床表现及并发症；并简介其治疗。

2.请分别说明YAG激光、氩离子激光、氦氖激光以及二氧化碳激光适合治疗哪些眼病？3.请描述甲状腺相关眼眶病的临床体征和检查所见，并简述鉴别诊断要点？不同部位视网膜出血的特点干眼的个体化治疗、治疗进展黄斑水肿发病机制，临床表现及治疗北京大学医学部研究生考试试题（眼科学）三. 问答题（共50分，每题10分）1.试述恶性青光眼的发病机理及临床处理原则。

2.简述糖尿病可能引起致盲的眼部并发症3.急性虹膜睫状体炎是致盲疾患之一，试述其致盲的临床病理过程4.简述急性球后视神经炎，前部缺血性视乳头病变及视乳头水肿的鉴别诊断5.简述眼球的血液供应北京大学医学部（第一附属医院眼科）四. 问答题（50分）1.目前应用于眼科的视觉电生理检查主要有那几种，介绍它们的基本原理和临床应用。

2009首都师大考研基础英语真题首都师大2009年基础英语Part One. Vocabulary (30points, 25minutes)A. Choose the best one.1,The life _____of a whale varies depending on the species but can be between30 and 80 years.a. expectancyb. limitc. periodd. restriction2. Thanks to its very elastic skin , animated by a complex musculature capable of an enormous range of ______ movements ,the human face can quickly display a whole array of contrasting emotions.a. intransigentb. incomparablec. invincibled. intricate3. Benchill’s children who have a session on anger management are not more angry than children at other schools in the city ,and the lesson was just part of a scheme intended to help children indentify and ______with the rages that life in the classroom and playground can provoke.4. French schools took a great interest in Arabic culture and medicine , and Arabic words were_____ to the language.a. addedb. implementedc. substitutedd. applied5. At the turn of 20th century, Edward Muybridge was experimenting with photographs of movement and his pictures of a runner _____ in every history of photography.a. demonstrateb. featurec. showd. exhibit6. The distinguished doctor now faced a _____because he didn’t know whether he should tell the cruel truth to the patient or not .a. digestionb. disgustc. dilemmad. diploma7. With the ____ of new technology, companies are insisting that secretarial staff should already be highly trained in ,or at least familiar with ,a range of word processing packages.a. approachb. entrancec. adventd. opening8.For those people who go out in search of adventure , a long-distance flight in a hot-hair balloon is a particularly exciting____.a, engagement b. motion c. prospect d. campaign9.Some economists ____ much of the rising wage inequality in this country to the shift in favor of the most skilled workers.a. obligeb. devotec. contributed. attribute10. After he committed the crime ,his mother gently persuaded him to do the right thing and come back to _____.a. bear a grudgeb. speak his mindc. face the musicd. make a bolt11.Even the most ____person may become furious when he gets only a pittance for his hard work.12. William was born with a (an)_____curiosity about the working of nature in every form.a. insatiableb. inconsistentc. dissatisfiedd. irrational13.The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in the 1940s quickly alarmed the popular imagination, but the precise significance of the scrolls is still _____ by scholars .a. perceivedb. debated b. obscuredc. understood14.Soon after adopting a syllabic system of writing, the Greeks made the final step to a phonetic alphabet ,dividing the consonants from the vowels and writing each _____a. formallyb. separatelyc. accuratelyd. abstractly15.As the nature of inside dealing changed ,there was acorresponding need to _____ other legal doctrines to fit the abuse .a. adaptb. adept c adopt d . abject16 If car owners are taxed too much ,people will no longer be motivated to buy a new car, with the result that incomes from car taxation might actually_____.a. sinkb. shrinkc. delayd. disperse17.Granted that Janice is extremely ____; still , it is difficult to imagine her as a professional comedian.18.In the dim light the ship seemed to float ____ on the banks of the Nile , among gardens of swaying palms and ferns .a. transparentlyb. taciturnlyc. tenaciouslyd. tranquilly19. I used to go to church under false _____. I never wanted to go but my mother forced me .a. appearancesb. disguisesc. pretencesd. garments20. We only managed to get halfway down the mountain before the mist ____.a. closed upb. closed inc. closed off closed downB，Complete the sentences1.He hates to make mistakes at any time and since he is sucha ________ thatsometimes his friends find it hard to please him.(perfect)2.She’s such an intelligent home designer that she can decorate every part ofthe new house _________ (imagine)3.Football market in China obviously declined in recently years because thefootball __________have deceased greatly.(attend)4.Fashion may designate innovations in dress that are more _________thansimple fads.(endure)5.The politician insisted that she was addressing the audience in her _______ asa mother and not as a Member of Parliament .(capacious)6.There was plenty of room on the course and it was relatively easy to ______itenough to test the professional.(length)7.Jennifer says from then on Robert has been a changed man _____andcompletely unapproachable.(withdraw)8.If the whole mission is ________,the biggest danger is that we might let downour loyal supporters.(events)9.She soon realized the reality that getting to the top in any of the performingarts is __________hard work .(amaze)10.Originally the brand was little more than a graphic that helped people to________ a particular product , but as advertising developed ,it grew in importance.( identity)Part two .Reading comprehension.(40*1=40)Passage oneFor more than 3 centuries riders in all countries have been delighted by the adventures of an absurd gentleman named Don Quixote and his squire Sancho Panza. The masterpiece of Miguel de Cervantes, a Spanish contemporary of Shakespeare, Don Quixote tells of a poor gentleman who tries to relive the heroic days of old times by seeking adventure in the manner of the knight –errant of medieval romance .Don Quixote’s popularity is not caused merely by his being delightfully ridiculous, a comical nuisance, an absurd figure apt to get into trouble wherever he goes. Beneath his humorous surface Don Quixote is the embodiment, even though his is also the exaggeration, of a great idea ---that life holds more than the humdrum routine of everyday affairs, that true greatness is to be found only in the spirit of service to an ideal.That for Don Quixote the ideal is an illusion does not detract from its fascination, though it does make him a pathetic figure. To attempt the impossible for the sake of honor, to add to the tore of human greatness by risking everything without the hope of material gain, to endure danger and hardship because endurance itself is noble ------this is the quixotic ideal: this is the secret of Don Quixote’s universal appeal .We must laugh at his absurdity, but we are moved by it as well ;if there is any chivalry or generosity in us ,we cannot help being on his side ,however innocent his victims are .We know he cannot win ,but his misguided valor excites our pity with our laughter.1. On the surface ,Don Quixote appears to be a ______A. troublemakerB. delightfully absurd figureC. meddlesome idealistD. tragically disillusioned figure2. The character of Don Quixote personifies the idea that ______A. greatness is found through dedication to an idealB. adventure is the only escape from routineC. everyday life had a comical side3. Don Quixote’s dedication to his ideal causes him to disregard_______A . all thoughts of material gainB. any risk of self or possessionsC. any degree of hardship and dangerD. all of the above4.Acoording to the author ,the universality of Don Quixote’s appeal lies in the ______A. excitement of his adventuresB. ideal that he representsC. misguided valor of his effortsD. comical difficulties that he encounters5 .The quixotic ideal can be best characterized as involving_______A. an illusionB. reliving of the pastC. the pursuit of dangerD. both A and BPassage TwoIt’s often hard for those of us who have achieved the status of honored parent to appreciate quite how spoilt the children ofthe 1980s are when it comes to TV and films .Anything less than total visual perfection and watch out for trouble as you shuffle out through the doorway market ‘ EXIT’. But we must be firm occasionally ,so next time your child observes that ,personally ,he would have expected a decaying body to have had a somewhat greener color ,seize him by the ear and remind him that when you were young ,people used to run out of the cinema crying with terror as a cloth-covered rubber gorilla sat on top of a cardboard skyscraper and snatched balsawood aeroplanes out of the sky .If any one man may be held responsible for this state of affairs then it must be Tony Dyson ,creator of R2D2 in the film The Empire Strikes Back. If it were not for him ,then film special effects would still be back in the far-off innocent days of jerky paper dinosaurs .Brian Jonson ,who was in charge of the special effects of The Empire Strikes Back ,ordered not just one ,but eight editions of the robot which was soon to win the hearts of audience the world over as R2D2 .It took the Dyson workshop five months of frantic labor but the order was met in time for the start of the shooting of the film.After the success of R2D2,other film and television work followed ; a great deal foe the Oxford Scientific Film series of wildlife documentaries .But T ony Dyson had always been an enthusiastic reader of science fiction ,ever since childhood and his old interest soon led him back to robots of one kind or another ;and this time to robots for advertising purposes .Phil the android was designed for Phillips domestic appliances and this two meter robots has appeared in children’s TV program ,in stores up and down the country ,at exhibitions as well as in television commercials .Tony has now completed work on Harry,an animated advertising cartoon with a difference in that he holds conversations with his audiences. But his maininterest at the moment is the launching of Droid-Factory Ltd;a company set up specially to rent out promotional robots to marketing companies .So if a metallic-looking creature comes up to you next time you are in a supermarket and gives you an unasked for monologue on the virtues of such and such a washing powder ,don’t panic .The chances are that it’s only one of Mr. Dyson ‘s employees .You should become alarmed only when it passes you by and strikes up a conversation with another of its own kind.6.How are children nowadays different from their parents according to the passage ?A. They have perfect eyesight.B. They cause trouble in cinemasC. They are more visually awareD. They are easier to spoil.7. The writer suggests that parents should ________.A. control their children by twisting their ears .B. stand no nonsense from their children .C. scare their children by taking them to horror filmsD. encourage their children to see old films8What is the importance of Tony Dyson to the cinema?A.He was the first man to produce special effectsB.He produced models of dinosaurs out or paperC.He create the film The Empire Strikes BackD.He changed people’s expectations of special9.For the film The Empire Strikes Back,___________A, several models of a robot were createdB. it took Dyson five months to make R2D2C. Brian Jonson created R2D2 speciallyD. there were eight different types of robot made10.Nowadays Dyson is mainly interested in ________A. having conversation with robotsB. establishing a companyC. appearing in supermarketsD. selling promotion robots。

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合试题及答案66、引起肠易激综合征发病的最主要因素是：BA、急性肠道感染B、精神心理障碍C、内脏感知异常D、对某些食物不耐受67、下列关于溃疡性结肠炎的常见表现中，随着肠炎控制或切除后可以缓解或恢复的是：CA、淀粉样变性B、强直性脊柱炎C、外周关节炎D、骶髂关节炎68、患者，男，54岁，患肝炎后肝硬化10年，近一周病情加重，腹水量增加，并出现呼吸困难，睡眠障碍和意识错乱，为减少腹水下列最佳的治疗药物是：CA、阿米洛利B、氢氯噻嗪C、螺内酯D、呋噻米，69、下列关于慢性肾炎高血压的治疗方法中正确的是AA、顽固性高血压可联合应用降压药B、尿蛋白定量大于等于1g/d,血压应控制在130-80mlHg以下，C、尿蛋白定量小于1g/d，血压应控制在125-75mlHg以下，D、血肌酐小于400mmol/L时,才能用ACEI70、患者,男，35岁,反复水肿，伴患血压高5年，近半年夜尿增多，有时牙龈出血，口渴，急促，面色逐渐苍白。

曾化验HB为65g/l，几天前稀便，多次后神志不清。

两年前患急性甲型肝炎，已愈。

为明确昏迷原因，除全面的查体外，首选的检查是：BA、肝功能和血胺B、血肌酐C、血糖D、骨髓穿刺，71、下列白血病类型中不会出现PH染色体的是：BA、慢性粒细胞白血病，B、慢性淋巴性白血病，C、急性粒细胞白血病，D、儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病72、患者,女，25岁，因皮肤瘀斑，伴月经过多2个月来诊，化验血小板为20×109/L诊断为特发性血小板减少性紫癜，该患者化验血小板相关抗体的主要成分是：AA、IgGB、IgAC、IgMD、IgD73、下列关于可能引起类风湿性关节炎的感染因子中，通过活化B细胞起作用的感染因子是：BA、支原体B、EB病毒C、大肠杆菌D、链球菌74、继发SLE的干燥综合症中出现特异性抗体的是：AA、抗SSA抗体B、抗磷脂抗体C、抗RNP抗体D、抗组蛋白抗体75、下列关于弥散性Graves病的特点的叙述正确是：DA、有程度不等的结节性甲状腺肿大B、久病者甲状腺质软无压痛C、肿大程度与甲亢病情轻重明显相关D、极少数无甲状腺肿大76、下列口服降糖药物中，需与进食同时服用的是DA、甲苯黄酊脲B、氯黄丙脲C、格列本脲D、阿卡波糖77、硬模外阻滞的麻醉平面与下列那些因素无关CA、穿刺间隙B、麻药容积C、麻药种类D、导管方向78、一位肠梗阻患者，恶心，呕吐，少尿，尿比重增高，眼窝凹陷，肢端湿冷、血压较低，血清钠正常，首选的补液种类C：A、5%葡萄糖B、生理盐水C、平衡液溶液D、5%Nacl79、一位外伤性脾破裂患者，术中经血液回收机收集失血处理后，回输给患者的是CA、全血B、血浆C、浓缩红细胞D、洗涤红细胞80，下列常见体表良性肿瘤中，易发生恶性病变的是：BA、皮肤乳头状疣B、交界痣C、皮内痣D、神经鞘瘤81、一位消防队员，体重65kg，在救火中不幸烧伤了面部，双上肢、躯干前方和会阴部，对该患者第一个24小时应补的液体重量DA、3500MLB、4600MLC、5000MLD、5500ML82、下列选项中不属于乳腺癌的术后化疗指征的是CA、雌、孕激素受体阴性B、腋窝淋巴结转移阳性C、导管内癌D、脉管癌栓83、下列关于胃十二指肠病手术治疗叙述正确的是：AA、胃II、III型胃溃疡行胃大部切除的范围应不少于胃的60%B、胃肠吻合口一5-6cm为宜C、毕Ⅱ手术溃疡复发率高D、选择性迷走神经切断术不需要做胃引流手术84、胃癌晚期血行转移最多见的部位是DA、胃B、胰C、肺D、肝85、患者男33岁因急性穿孔性阑尾炎伴局限性腹膜炎，行阑尾切除术后5天，体温38度以上，白细胞计数18X10^9/L腹痛腹胀大便3-5次/天伴下坠感应考虑是AA盆腔脓肿B并发肠炎或痢疾C并发膈下脓肿D切口感染86、患者，女，28岁，宫内孕27周，体温38度，恶心未吐，查体：右侧腹部压痛，诊断为急性阑尾炎，下列处理中不正确的是BA、使用广谱抗生素B、剖宫产加阑尾切除术C、黄体酮D、阑尾切除术87、下列关于结肠癌患者术前准备的叙述，错误的是CA术前两日进流食B口服肠道抗生素和泻剂C抗肿瘤药物灌肠D术前12-24小时行肠道灌洗88、胫骨下三分之一骨折愈合较慢的原因是DA、附近的主要血管损伤B、附近的周围神经损伤C、骨折远端血供全部中断D、骨折远端血液供应减弱89、下列选项中，不属于化脓性关节炎特点的是：BA发热B好发于上肢各关节C周围血白细胞升高D血沉快90、患者女，45岁，经常头痛，头晕，有时突然晕倒，随后很快清醒，偶有视物不清，查体：压头实验阳性，颈椎侧弯或后申科加重头晕，双下肢腱反射亢进，脊髓造影有部分梗阻。

【试卷】北京医科大学，协和医科大学考研试题连载协和医科大93年生理试题一、填空题1、肺泡表现活性物质的生理作用______。

2、突触前抑制的产生机制是由于突触前末梢________、引起_____突触后电位降低，又称____抑制。

3、影响钙代谢的激素有______.4、影响能量代谢的因素有______.5、神经肌肉接头传递的特点有______.6、静息电位是指______，它是由______造成的。

7、糖尿病病人多尿的原因是由于______.8、兴奋在同一神经细胞上传导的特点__________.9.通气/血流比值降低会造成__________。

10、缺氧对呼吸中枢的直接作用_______.二、解释名词：1、正反馈2、阀电位3、肺的顺应性4、肺牵张反射5、食物的特殊动力效应6、是。

1、肾小球滤过率8、非特异性投射系统9、兴奋性10、终板电位2.何谓神经递质？确定神经递质的基本条件有哪些？3.试述两类激素的作用机制。

4.试述胃液的成分及其生理作用。

5.男性患者，2小时前因外伤失血800毫升，经急救包扎后未经其他治疗，此时患者的血压、呼吸会什么变化？这些变化是如何引起的？北京医科大2000年生物化学试题1.名词解释1.chemical shift 2 .florescence anisotropy3.spin labelling4.dichroicratio5.relaxation time6.lipidpolymorphism7.phase separation 8.active oxygen9.secondary structure 10.sensitized fluorescence11.adtivc transport 12.ion pump13.ion channel 14.patch clamp15.ceii adhesion 16.free radical17.modeling 18.feedback19.biocybernetics rmation processing二.问答题1.举出一种研究生物膜上脂质分子排列有序程度的方法,栀要说明其原理2.说明维持蛋白质二级结构的力的特点.3.栀要说明红外光谱再研究生物分子结构中应用.4.解释脂双层发生相变的分子机理5.机体中离子地细胞内、外浓度不同,是什么因素决定的?细胞如何利用这种差别作功?6.简述影响细胞粘着的因素?7.细胞内钙浓度增加的主要原因有那些?8.膜片箱技术的用途是什么?有何优点?9.什么是线性系统和非现性系统?其主要的不同特征是什么?10.体内稳态系统主要是靠什么控制环节来保持系统稳态特征的?03考研北医病理学试题名词解释30分每题3分颗粒性固缩肾、心力衰竭细胞、动脉瘤、癌肉瘤、凋亡、槟榔肝、纤维素性坏死、绒毛心、羊水栓塞、端粒酶。

2009年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：微生物生化(含工业微生物学、生物化学)适用专业：生物化工，发酵工程，生物制药共 3 页一、填空题(每个空1 分，共35 分)1．侵染寄主细胞后暂不引起细胞裂解的噬菌体称为（）。

2. 芽孢是芽孢细菌的（）器官。

3．某些酵母在繁殖过程中,芽体不脱落,并相连接成藕节状,形似菌丝称（）。

4．根瘤菌可与（）植物共生固氮。

5. 荚膜的主要化学成分有（）和（）等，常采用（）方法进行荚膜染色。

6．微生物的培养基按用途通常分为基础培养基、完全培养基、（）、（）、（）五大类。

7．Lipopolysaccharides(LPSs) contain both lipid and carbohydrate, and consist of threeparts: （）, （）, and （）. (此题要求英语做答)8．Genetic recombination occurs in eucaryotes through sexual reproduction. In bacteria, recombination occurs through the processes of （），（）, and （）. (此题要求英语做答)9．The multiplication cycle of bacteriophages, like that of all viruses, can be divided intofive distinct stages: （）, （）, biosynthesis of viral components, （）, and （）. (此题要求英语做答)+10．TCA循环中，α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶催化的反应需要的辅因子有：NAD 、TPP 、（）、（）、（）和（）。

11. 腺嘌呤环上的第（）位氮原子与戊糖的第（）位碳原子相连形成（）。