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中考英语反意疑问句超特级综合练习题30题1<背景文章>A: Hi, Tom! You went to the park yesterday, didn't you?B: Yes, I did. It was really beautiful. The flowers were blooming and the birds were singing.A: You had a great time there, didn't you?B: Absolutely! I took a lot of pictures. The scenery was amazing.A: Well, it seems that you really enjoyed yourself. You'll go there again sometime, won't you?B: Maybe. If I have time.In English, we often use tag questions to confirm or seek agreement. For example, “You are a student, aren't you?” or “He likes reading, doesn't he?”. Tag questions are formed by adding a short question at the end of a statement. The verb in the tag question is usually the opposite of the verb in the statement. If the statement is positive, the tag question is negative. And if the statement is negative, the tag question is positive.Now let's look at some examples. “She is happy, isn't she?” Here, the statement “She is happy” is positive, so the tag question “isn't she” is negative. “They aren't late, are they?” In this case, the statement “They aren't late” is negative, so the tag question “are they” is positive.1. You are a teacher, ________?A. aren't youB. are youC. do youD. don't you答案：A。
性♥爱♥之后克里斯托弗和莱丝丽弗雷迪和杰伊克里斯蒂和山姆<Sam the Minuteman> - 儿童发音练习读本尼基和凯特特露迪和吉恩尼尔和鲍勃芭芭拉曾在同性恋俱乐部唱过歌♥大卫和乔蒂马科和阿兰娜噢天哪Oh, God.当心慢点当心慢点Easy, easy, easy, easy.痛! 痛! 痛! 痛!Cramp! Cramp! Cramp! Cramp!第五次高♥潮♥Fu...Fucking top five.那是你第五次高♥潮♥That was fucking... top five.你刚刚在说什么?So what are you saying?你是在说女人比男人更容易吗?Are you saying women have it easier than men? 呃那个我只是想说那个Look, all I'm saying is that you guys...女人身上有一种天赋women have one certain luxury是我们男人没有的that us men just do not have.噢是吗?Oh, yeah?到底是什么宝贝告诉我吧And what is this one luxury, might I ask, baby? 先让我喘口气马上告诉你Let me get my breath, and I'm gonna tell you. 给你一一道来I'm gonna spell it out for ya.我怎么知道你说的是有道理的?How do I know it's gonna be pure genius?嗯Fine.不管我怎么形容他你都要说我是混♥蛋♥ No matter how I say this, I'm gonna be the fucking asshole, 只是突然想到了然后就说出来了明白吗?so I'm just gonna come out and say it, all right?欠扁Sweet!公平这件事This whole equality thing...其实是没有的is crap.你可以去参加演讲了God, you've got a gift for delivery.都是胡说让我讲给你听It's bullshit. Look, just hear me out.我想说的是你和我是不平等的All I'm saying is that you and I are not equal.当然我们做着无聊的Sure, we all slave away at our dead-end工作一直到死就像你和我stupid-ass jobs just like each other.但是还是有不同But there's a difference:一样东西the luxury.一样我们男人没有的天赋The one luxury that we do not have.然后呢And?我们不能依靠It is not okay for us to be dependent别人on someone else.什么事实就是那样What? Exactly that.你可以去工作You can work your ass off.你可以去上大学拿学位You can go to college, get a degree,和我一样找一个工作and get a job just like me.但是我不能But what I can't do is say "Fuck it"依赖着一个人生活and choose to depend on someone else.只有女人有那样的权利Only women have that right.如果我那样做了别人会说我是乞丐小白脸If I do it, I'm a bum or a gigolo.但是如果是你你只是个普通的家庭主妇If you do it, you're a housewife.更好点的说法你是一个贤内助Or even better yet, a domestic engineer.饶了我吧!Give me a fucking break!你是对的我知道You're right. I know.你是混♥蛋♥You're the fucking asshole.不要这样嘛Come on.你去哪Where are you going?弄干净你的精♥液♥To flush down your demon seeds.对我来说不可思议You know, it's incredible to me how someone一个貌似很聪明的人是个混♥蛋♥ who appears to be so smart can be so fucking dumb! 你刚刚生气了Yeah, well, you're just pissed off虽然你知道那些都是事实that you know that shit's all true.对吧Fucking hamstring.随你便Whatever.告诉我那不是的Tell me that it's not.随你怎么说你知道的Whatever! Yeah. You know.滚开Kiss my ass.为什么每次我们刚刚做♥爱♥完Why is it we always get into these heated discussions结束都会激烈的争吵right when we're done having sex?可能是因为我还没满足Maybe because I'm left unsatisfied所以要把我的不满发泄在别的地方吧and need to take my frustrations out somewhere?几分钟前你不是才高♥潮♥过That's not what you were screaming a couple of minutes ago. 是吗? 我刚刚怎么叫了Yeah? What was I screaming, big guy?"噢克里斯停克里斯停"Oh, Chris, stop. Chris, stop.-噢克里斯求你了不要停" -住口!-Oh, stop! Chris, please don't stop." -Shut up!喔! 你弄疼我蛋蛋了Ow! You just hit me in the balls.很好你活该Good. You deserve it.坐下来Sit down.-这样吧 -嗯-So... -So...什么时候你觉得说吧When do you think you're just gonna come out and say it? 说什么Say what?你有多爱我How deeply in love with me you are.你梦里吧In your dreams.宝贝没关系我知道的Baby, it's all right. I know.克里斯托弗你可以不那么自以为是吗?Christopher, could you be more full of yourself?我有啊I could.我很谦虚的I just choose to keep my arrogance toned down在和女人打炮?around women I'm giving the hot beef injection to.3年级你就学了这个?What are you, in third grade?你不喜欢大炮?What, you don't like "hot beef injection"?那老二? 小♥弟♥弟♥?How about my one-eyed snake? My Dodger dog?大JJ先生?My giggle stick?你没救了You're impossible.我很容易被勾引告诉你的姐妹I'm cheap and I'm easy. Tell all your friends.你话停过吗?Do you ever stop?你承认你一直喜欢我我就不说话了I'll stop when you admit your everlasting love for me. 那样你就爽了大JJ先生?Well, then you better get comfortable, Mr. Giggle Stick. 我想是的Oh, I'm good.好吧Okay.很好Good.认真的说莱丝丽Seriously, Leslie.我知道I know that...你对我有感觉you have feelings for me.哪里看出来的?Where is this coming from?我的意思是刚刚玩的很开心I mean, I thought we were just having fun here.刚刚不是说了嘛只是性伙伴Isn't that what you say? We're friends who fuck.我现在很认真I'm being serious here.为什么你那么难承认呢?Like, why is that so hard for you to admit?因为我们是朋友克里斯托弗'Cause we're friends, Christopher.以前是朋友以后也只是朋友That's all we ever are, that's all we'll ever be:朋友friends.看我们不可能的I mean, look at us. It would never work.我们节奏不同You're way too fast for me,你不想被我束缚and I'm way too demanding for you, and...我喜欢这样的感觉And I like the way things are.你不是吗?Don't you?我只是想I just thought...算了Never mind.-什么 -不算了你是对的-What? -No, never mind. You're right.你不可能控制我You couldn't handle me anyway.什么?Excuse me?记得刚刚我让你射了3次如果我没记错的话I believe I just handled you three times, if I'm not mistaken. -那个就是你说的你控制我? -对啊-Is that what you call handling? -Yeah.那是我在配合你'Cause I was taking it easy on you.我故意的I send broads to the chiropractor.天哪如果你的JJ有你的脸皮那么长God, if only your dick was as big as your ego.如果那样我就无法行动自如了If it was, I wouldn't be able to walk around.那样你也受不了And neither would you, for that matter.不管怎样我没有听你见抱怨Anyway, I don't hear you complaining.因为你一直在说话我哪来时间抱怨That's because you never shut up long enough for me to get a word in. 你爱我就像爱我的JJ一样You love my dick as much as you love me.闭嘴!Oh, shut up!你知道我想到什么You know what I think?呃呃我那么纯洁你告诉我吧Uh-uh, but I'm pretty sure you're gonna tell me.我觉得你就是那个爱上我的人I think that you're the one who's in love with me只是在假装and you're just projecting.-是的 -不我只是-Yeah, that's it! -No, I'm ser...试图在让我承认我爱上你You're trying to get me to admit to loving you因为你就像一个没有安全感小女孩because you're too much of an insecure pussy想让对方先说喜欢自己to just come out and admit it.显然你对这件事耿耿于怀了Well, you've obviously put a lot of thought to this.事实上不是的只是突然闪过的一个想法Actually, no. It was just this brilliant realization that came to me.你是在说Are you saying that...给我的感觉是given the extreme unlikelihood假设我对你有感觉that I actually did have feelings for you,如果我让你知道了that if I were to make those known,你就必须承担that you would then step to the plate承认爱的责任and acknowledge your undying love for me?我不是希望你那么想的I'm not letting you off the hook like that.-哪样? -爱情不是那样的克里斯托弗-Like what? -It doesn't work like that, Christopher.爱情是不可以讨价还价的Love is not negotiable.噢宝贝所有的事情都是可以商量的Oh, baby, everything's negotiable.不爱情不是No, not love.爱情就好像一个猜谜游戏Not love. Love is... a guessing game.而且那正是她迷人的地方不需要承诺And that's the beauty of it. There's no guarantees.就像跳水It's like...diving into a pool of water你不知道池子里是深是浅without knowing if it's shallow or deep.当然如果是浅的话And sure, yeah, if it's shallow,你会把你的脖子弄伤you end up hurt and paralyzed from the neck down.但如果是深的话But if it's deep...你知道you know...信心倍增It's a leap of faith.释放你自己不需要任何承诺It's like throwing yourself out there without any guarantees, dude, 那就是生活and that's what life's about.你知道嘉年华游戏吧?Okay, you know those carnival games, right?里面有一些游戏真的很难获胜And you know how some of them are really hard to win也有一些每个人都会过关and some of them are super easy and everyone wins?对啊Sure.那就是性和爱Well, it's just that that's the difference不同的地方between love and sex.性是一个每个人都会获得Sex is the game where everyone小小奖励的游戏没有人是输家wins a little prize, and no one goes home a loser. 而爱则是一个很难获胜的游戏And...love is the game that's really hard to win. 如果你要玩想带回家But if you do, and you get to take home大的毛绒玩具犀牛that life-sized stuffed rhinoceros,要比带回家一个劣等的塑料钥匙链it feels a whole lot better than taking home要好的多that shitty little plastic key chain.怎么Yeah?你的解释很烂哎You've got a fucked-up way of explaining shit. 真的很烂I mean...fuck!晚安克里斯托弗Good night, Christopher.晚安Good night.我爱你I love you.我也爱你I love you, too.我不是0号♥仔了是吧?I'm not gay now, am I?我不知道刚刚享受吗?I don't know. Did you like it?-不 -那你不是0号♥仔-No. -Then no, you're not gay.至少现在不是But at least now you're sure.是的Yeah.痛吗?You sore?-一点 -好一点了-A little. -It gets better.-真的? -是的-Yeah? -Yeah.我不在乎I don't care.随你便Whatever.没必要觉得这很遭You know, you don't have to feel bad about this.-哪件事 -我们在一起做♥爱♥做的事-About what? -About us having fun.那没什么错There's nothing wrong with it.我知道只是我不是0号♥仔Yeah, I know. I'm just...I'm not gay, so...你没必要觉得像做错事一样I just saying you don't have to feel bad about it.每个人都有意无意的说过谎Everyone fools around at least once,不管他们是否承认whether they admit it or not.我记不清楚跟多少个正常的男孩子I can't tell you how many straight boys有过同样的对话了I've had this same conversation with.什么样的对话?What conversation is that?劝说对方不要隐藏自己The "talk you down from the ledge" conversation. 隐藏什么不知道你在说什么What ledge, man? What are you talking about?兄弟你跟他们一样You frat boys, you're all the same!被这个大男子主义给迷住了You're all caught up in this bullshit machismo world 鬼迷心窍that is forced upon you,害怕看到自己敏感的一面so you're afraid to have a sensitive side.胡说Bullshit.我胡说? 现在你就在躲避Bullshit my ass. Right now, you're a jumper.我真♥他♥妈♥想知道I so wish I knew what the fuck你现在到底在说什么you were talking about right now.现在就在躲避着什么You're on the ledge ready to jump因为你不能接受'cause you can't deal with the fact你曾经喜欢跟男人发生性行为that you liked having sex with a man.这是事实It's true.我过来安慰你告诉你你不是0号♥仔And then I come in and I give you this whole shtick about how you're not gay 每个人都曾试图掩饰自己and everyone does it at least once.实际上你又回到了自己的空间And then eventually, you come back down off that ledge.但是此刻你还留有一丝的懊悔But now you're still left with a hint of regret and guilt,把他深深的藏在了心里and you push it deep down inside,想把他锁在那里永远都不像再提及and it's locked away, never to be mentioned again.把一段往事尘封就当没发生过一样Just a distant memory that you'll come to deny ever even happened.这是大学里的腐朽思想吧It's a college campus clich?同性恋恐惧症男孩喜欢被♥干♥The homophobic frat boy that loves it in the ass,但是不想让别人知道but doesn't want anybody to know about it.太惨了It's sad, really.不是我管他是谁Not me. Whatever.随他是什么Whatever.我不是同性恋恐惧症I'm not homophobic.-你在开玩笑吧 -我不是同性恋恐惧症-You're kidding me! -I'm not homophobic.那为什么不说出来呢Then why keep it a secret?与你们无关Because it's nobody's fucking business.你觉得我看不出来吗?You think I can't read you?你就是典型的同性恋恐惧症You're the definition of homophobic.自己成了0号♥仔The mere thought of the possibility of you being gay把你吓坏了scares you beyond belief.不要对我嚷嚷You're barking up the wrong tree.晚上是什么帮你入睡的?Whatever helps you sleep at night.你♥他♥妈♥什么意思?What the fuck's your problem?我没什么意思小伙子I'm not the one with the problem, boy!不要叫我小伙子你个1号♥仔Don't call me "boy," you fucking faggot!就是这个Well, there it is.我就在等你说这个什么?I was waiting for it. What?你刚刚指出了我的本质You just proved my entire point.-因为我叫了你1号♥仔? -对-'Cause I called you a faggot? -Bingo.-你♥他♥妈♥的"对"是什么意思? -你知道吗? -What the fuck does that mean, "bingo?" -You know what?我真的很累不想跟你I'm really tired, and I'm sick of having解释所有的事情to explain everything to you.如果不介意你还是走吧So if you don't mind, I'd rather you just leave.你为什么这么对我?Why did you do it?你在意么?What do you care?我想知道I want to know.你真的想知道为什么吗?You really want to know why?是的Yeah.权利Power.权利?Power?是的Yeah.权利Power.具体呢?Elaborate.我整个人生从小学开始My whole life, starting from grade school一直到我走出了自己的小空间up until the point I came out of the closet,我筋疲力尽I was beaten up,被嘲弄被人耍ridiculed, made fun of,完全被隔离就因为我的性取向and completely alienated because of the way I was born,因为我喜欢男人because I'm attracted to guys.你完全不能想像这让人感觉有多无助You can't fucking imagine how powerless this makes someone feel, 失魂落魄how powerless I felt.整个中学我都把自己隐藏起来All through high school, I had to hide who I was怕大家发现真♥相♥for fear of people finding out the truth.我甚至和女孩约会I even dated girls.和他们做♥爱♥I had sex with them因为那样just so that...大家觉得我是正常的people thought that I was straight,我是普通人that I was...normal.但是我的内心崩溃了And it tore me up inside.说到关键To the point where...没关系Never mind.什么What?没什么呃Nothing. Um...忘了吧求你了是什么Forget it. Please. What?我试着自杀I tried to kill myself, all right?我居然试着想要自杀因为I tried to commit fucking suicide because...我不能接受自己I couldn't deal with who I was.我非常害怕人家发现我是个1号♥仔I was afraid of people finding out the truth about me. 你是认真的吗?Are you serious?我恨自己是1号♥仔I hated myself for who I was.但事实就是那样For who I am.有点可悲是吧?Kinda pathetic, huh?不不是的一点也不No, man, it's not.是的最后Yeah, well, eventually...有一次我去大学当时的我和你一样once I got to college, I wasn't too different from you.加入了一个兄弟会和他们喝了不少啤酒I-I joined a frat and drank lots of beer说一些同性恋的笑话and made the usual homoerotic gay jokes.然后我遇到了一个人Then I met a guy, and...他和你我并没有什么不同He wasn't too different from you and me.他帮我认识了我是我自己He helped me accept who I am.是一个普通的人Just a regular person...和其他人一样just like everyone else.这有一点疯狂因为And it was kind of crazy because当我决定做一个真实的自己as soon as I made the decision to come out,那种很无助的感觉一下子没了that feeling of powerlessness just vanished.但是我还是得和家庭和朋友相处Granted, I still have to deal with my family and friends, but... 当我做这个决定的时候我很开心as soon as I made that decision that I was happy,我爱我自己that I loved myself,别人怎么想不重要it didn't matter what anyone else thought.就像是走自己的路让别人说去吧It was like, "Fuck them if they can't deal with it."我是 1号♥仔I'm gay.我曾经是1号♥仔我以后也是1号♥仔I've always been gay, and I always will be gay.那很酷That's kinda cool, man.我想我和你类似啊Think I'm like how you are?我不是那么傲慢假装不想知道你是什么样的I'm not arrogant enough to pretend to know who you are. 你可能喜欢我也可能仅仅是好奇You might be like me. You might just be curious.不管是哪一种也不管怎么样But either way, whatever you are,不要试图去迎合别人的想法don't try and cater to other people's ideas或者他们认为你应该是那样of what you should be.你就是你You just be you.呃你是吗?So, are you?什么 0号♥仔?What, gay?是啊Yeah.我不知道I don't know.在想我是不是真的喜欢男人?Still trying to figure out if I liked it.想再做一次吗?You wanna give it another shot?或者你在上面?Maybe you're a pitcher.你保证不准把我们的事说给别人As long as you promise not to tell anyone.是啊为什么不呢?Yeah, why not?你还好吧?You okay?我想是的I think so.你流血了吗?Did you bleed?好像没有It doesn't look like it.套套还在吗?Did the condom stay on?刚刚感觉好吗?Did it feel good?非常好Yeah!你感觉怎么样?Did it feel good for you?我不知道I don't know.开始有一点痛不过到后来It kinda hurt, but towards the end,感觉还不错I think it started to feel good.你这么觉得?You think?嗯一切发生的太快了Well, it all happened so fast.你什么意思?What do you mean?只是觉得快了一点It was just over kinda quickly.这也是我的第一次It was my first time, too!不我知道我不是在抱怨Oh, no, I know! I wasn't complaining.只是... ... 我不知道It was... I don't know.我觉得光溜溜的和你躺在一起有点不可思议I feel kinda weird just lying here naked with you.我也是Yeah, me, too.唯一的一次女孩看见我裸体The only other time a girl's seen me naked是谢丽·凯莉在我十年级的时候帮我口♥交♥的时候was when Sherry Kelly gave me a blowjob in the 10th grade.谢丽·凯莉帮你口♥交♥?Sherry Kelly sucked your dick?难道你不知道?You didn't know that?我怎么会知道?How would I know that?学校每个人都知道Everyone at school knows!我射在她脸上I threw up on her.什么?What?当然了那是我第一次口♥交♥Yeah. It was my first blowjob.当我快要出来的时候她还含着我的小♥弟♥弟♥I came the moment her lips touched my dick.总之当她在忙上忙下的时候Anyway, when she was cleaning me up down there...我非常紧张然后就出来了I got so nervous, I threw up.在她脸上?On her?是的全部Yeah, all over.从那开始她就没跟我说过话She's never spoken to me since.所以那就是她不跟你说话的原因了?So, that's why she doesn't talk to you?是的Yep.我真不敢相信她会把这件事告诉大家I can't believe she told people that.为她自己辩护Well, in her defense,她只告诉了一个人贝基·马苏哈the only person she told was Becky Matsuhara.贝基是个臭婊♥子♥ 她告诉了所有的人Becky was the evil bitch who told everyone else.于是他们叫我 "青头怪"They called me "Pukey Sam the Minuteman"在那以后的一年里for a whole year after that.不断的提醒自己高中是多么的糟糕Constant reminder of just how much high school sucks ass.对不起I'm sorry.嗯没关系很久之前的事了Eh, don't worry about it. It was a long time ago.后来贝基被一辆装垃圾的卡车撞了死掉了Anyway, Becky got hit by a garbage truck and died就在她说了那件事一年后almost a year later to the day.善有善报恶有恶报吧The universe works in wonderful and mysterious ways. 这真的是你的第一次吗?So, this really was your first time?是的Yeah.-你想说什么? -我不知道-What? -I don't know.觉得这件事很酷It's just kinda cool, that's all.我们一起失去了处子之身Us losing our virginity together.噢该死!Oh, shit!-谁在那里? -我不知道-What? Who is that? -I don't know.我记得你说过你♥爸♥妈都去工作了I thought you said your parents were at work.他们是去了我认为他们去了妈的They were. I thought they were. Fuck!赶快穿好衣服Get dressed really quick. Shit!躲下去躲下去Get under the...Get under the...我在穿I'm hurrying!-嘿 -嗨妈妈-Hey. -Hi, Mom.-你在做什么? -什么都没有-What are you doing? Nothing.只是躺一下我有一点累Just...lying down. I'm a little tired.你有在和谁说话吗?Well, were you talking to someone?没有No.我想说嗯是的呃是布莉I mean, yeah. Um, it was Bree.我刚挂了她的电♥话♥I just got off the phone with her.克里斯蒂这里到底发生了什么?Kristy, what's going on here?你的意思是?What do you mean?你有把什么人藏在这里吗?Did you have someone over here?没有我为什么要这么做? 你确定?No, why? You sure?当然Yeah.为什么房♥间里有特别的味道Then why does it smell in here?妈我不知道你在说什么?Mom, I don't know what you're talking about. 克里斯蒂我要你保证Kristy, I want you to swear这里没有别的人that no one was over here.我保证I swear.好吧Okay.克里斯蒂你知道你可以跟我说的对吧? Kristy, you know that you can talk to me, right? 当然Yeah, sure.我是指关于男孩和性方面I mean about boys and, um...sex.妈Mom...我不知道我和你♥爸♥爸是不是I don't know if your father and I ever had...和你聊过那些that talk with you.妈Mom...有关性方面的You know, the sex talk.那就像是Anyway, it goes like this.就好比It, um...当你到了一定的年纪你会When...When you reach a certain age, you...你会有一种感觉you start having feelings and...是的是的我知道Yeah. Yeah, I know.噢你真的知道?Oh, you do?是的我六年级的时候就知道了Yeah. I've known since the sixth grade.你还记得我进了你们的房♥间Don't you remember when I walked in on you and Dad 看见你们在做超人和他女友做的那事doing it dressed like Superman and Lois Lane提姆隔壁那个猥琐的家伙while Tim, the creepy guy next door,甚至成为记者吉米记录了你们的着装took notes dressed as Jimmy the reporter?噢是的Oh...yeah.那好吧Well, um...就这样吧Good. Right. Uh...我就在外面如果So I'm here if...if you ever want你想和我说什么的话to talk to me, all right?当然如果你And, um, if you ever...准备are going to...做某些事情小心一点do anything, just please be careful.嗯And, um...要用嗯你知道的use, um... you know...避孕套a condom.-妈 -好吧-Mom. -Okay, okay!我只是希望你I just want you to be...我只是希望你安然无恙I just want you to be all right.我很好妈谢谢I'm fine, Mom, thanks.-克里斯蒂? -嗯?-Kristy? -Yeah?最好在你♥爸♥回来之前让他出来吧Better get him out of here before your father gets home.我♥操♥Shit.-真不爽 -是吗?-I am so fucked. -Are you?我也是和你一样你赶快离开这里吧Yeah, and you are, too, unless you get the hell out of here.够了Enough said.你想干什么?What are you doing?从阳台出去你觉得我在干嘛?Going out the balcony. What does it look like?从前门走出去吧Just go out the front door.我妈已经知道你在这里了My mom already knows you're here.不不从你妈面前走过I'm not walking past your mom在她知道我们做过了之后after she knows we just did it.高中的时候全校知道你在口♥交♥的时候射了别人一脸You can deal with an entire high school你能面对大家full of people knowing you threw up during your first blowjob,但是现在却不能面对我妈but you can't walk past my mom?说的有道理Good point.真不错Nice.是的是很好Yeah, it was nice.出去吧Get out of here!拜Bye.拜Bye.那很好Well, that was nice.-噢是吗? -是的-Oh, yeah? -Yeah.你还想要吗?You wanna do it again?-不现在不要了 -好吧-No, not right now. -Okay.我只想稍微沉浸在里面一会儿I just wanna marinate in this for a while.你知道这只是个意外对吧You do know this is just casual, right?是的当然Yeah, of course.很好Okay. Good.因为我不想你爱上我'Cause I don't want you freaking out on me, 对我有感觉catching feelings and shit.你知道我不是针对女孩Look, I'm not into girls.我只是喜欢你帮我舔I just like my pussy licked,而你喜欢这么做and you like to lick it.这个就是我们的动机仅此而已That's our dynamic, no more, no less.是的Yeah.我只是你希望你明白我的意思I just want you to get it through your head right now...我明白你的意思No, it's understood.我对你没感觉是的No feelings whatsoever. Okay.不管怎么说我不是拉拉Anyway, I'm not...I'm not gay either.你知道的我们You know, this is...在一起开心而已It's fun.是的不管怎样Okay, whatever.你没必要隐瞒你是拉拉You don't have to hide the fact that you're gay.我不在意我不是I don't care. I'm not.你可以做任何你想做的事情Look, you can do whatever you want.只是你不要爱上我明白?I just don't want you falling in love with me, that's all.我可没耐心跟你玩那玩意I don't have patience for that type of of bullshit,男人女人man or woman.好的Okay.尼基你认为我是拉拉吗?Nikki, you think I'm gay?难道你不是?Aren't you?我也不知道I mean, I don't know.任何一个喜欢给女人口♥交♥的女人都是拉拉Well, anyone that likes pussy as much as you do has got to be gay. 我也喜欢男孩的All right! I like guys, too, okay?真的你最后一次交往是什么时候?Really? When was the last time you were with a guy?呃高中Uh, high school.恩你觉得开心吗?Okay. Did you like it?那就是了That's what I thought.谁在乎呢Look, who cares, okay?你喜欢鲍鱼我喜欢大鸡鸡You like pussy, I like dicks.-我俩没戏 -哇唔哇唔-No big deal. -Whoa, whoa.没必要说的那么粗鲁吧Do you have to be so crude about it?那是什么意思What's that mean?我喜欢我不知道I mean, like...I don't know.你有时候有时候You can be...You can be...真的很讨厌你知道吗?really abrasive sometimes, you know, that's all.噢那就是我说话的方式No, that's the way I talk.如果你不喜欢那太糟了If you don't like it, too fucking bad, okay?我很直接有话直说I'm blunt; I call it as I see it.-真的吗? -是的-Really? -Yeah.你是拉拉You're an aspiring rug muncher对我而言who makes me come.而我就是一个喜欢大鸡鸡的脾气暴躁的婊♥子♥ Well, I'm a raging bitch who loves the cock.这就是现在的情况That's the reality of the situation.你知道唯一让你爱上我的原因Look, the only reason I let you go down on me是我对周围的男人已经没什么兴趣了is because it's been a little slow around the dorms lately.坦白讲我为选那些合适的男人And well, frankly, I'm a little bored有点厌烦了with the selection of available fuck sticks在学校around here, okay?天哪凯特求你了不要对我动感情好吗?Oh, Jesus, Kat, please, please do not get emotional on me, okay? -我没有 -是的你有-I'm not emotional! -Yes, you are!我是一个荡♥妇♥ 你该知道I'm a cunt, and you should know that, okay?真不知道怎么会和你住一起You're my fucking roommate, for Christ's sake!你看我对别人那么好过吗?Have you ever seen me be nice to anyone?不我想是没有No, no, I guess not.是的确实是你想的那样Okay, exactly.只是It's just that...你很特别与众不同你知道吗?you're so different when we're fooling around, you know?是的因为你主观上那么认为Well, yeah! That's 'cause you're getting me off.天哪就像Oh, my God! Like...可能这是我唯一的机会Well, maybe it's the only time我可以摆脱以前的那些坏习惯I'm able to suppress my fucking bitchiness long enough变成一个正常人to appear like a decent human being.可能我没有跟你说清楚Just in case I haven't made it clear to you,凯特我不是拉拉Kat, I'm not.-好吧 -恩。
In the realm of English composition,the topic of A Piece of Good Luck can be approached with a variety of narrative styles and themes.Heres a detailed guide on how you might craft such an essay,using French English,which is a term that could be interpreted as using a sophisticated or formal style of English that is influenced by French language structure or vocabulary.Title:A Piece of Good LuckIntroduction:Begin your essay by setting the scene for the reader.You might start with a general statement about the nature of luck and how it can unexpectedly change ones life.For instance:Life is a tapestry woven with threads of chance and design,where the unexpected can often lead to the most profound changes.It is in these moments of serendipity that one may stumble upon a piece of good luck that alters the course of their existence.Narrative:The body of your essay should tell a story about a specific instance of good luck.This could be a personal experience or a fictional account.Heres how you might structure it:1.Setting the Context:Describe the situation or circumstances that led to the encounter with good luck.This could be a mundane day that took an unexpected turn.2.The Encounter:Detail the moment of good luck.Was it finding a lost item,meeting a person who would become significant in your life,or perhaps winning a competition?3.The Impact:Discuss how this stroke of luck affected you.Did it lead to new opportunities,change your perspective,or bring about a positive change in your life? Example Paragraph:One crisp autumn morning,as the leaves danced in a golden whirlwind,I found myself at a crossroads.The decision to take a different route to work,a deviation from my usual routine,led me to a quaint bookstore I had never noticed before.There,amidst the musty scent of old pages and the soft hum of the coffee machine,I stumbled upon a book that would change my life.It was a rare first edition of a novel I had long sought,a serendipitous find that felt like a message from the universe,urging me to explore newliterary horizons.Conclusion:Wrap up your essay by reflecting on the significance of this piece of good luck.You might consider how it has influenced your life or the broader implications of such fortunate events.In the grand scheme of life,a single moment of good luck may seem insignificant.Yet,it is these moments that can serve as catalysts for change,opening doors that were previously hidden from view.My encounter with that rare book was more than a fortunate find it was a reminder that sometimes,the universe conspires to guide us towards our destiny.Final Thoughts:End your essay with a thoughtprovoking statement or question that encourages the reader to consider their own experiences with luck.As I look back on that fateful day,I am reminded of the power of chance encounters. How many more pieces of good luck are waiting to be discovered,simply by stepping off the beaten path?Perhaps the greatest luck is not in finding what we seek,but in being open to the unexpected.Remember,the key to a compelling essay is to engage the reader with a vivid narrative,a clear structure,and a reflective conclusion that leaves a lasting impression.。
读后续写技能训：修辞改装法（原卷版）距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
目录Part 1修辞改装法 (2)第一种修辞：比喻 (2)第二种修辞：拟人 (7)第三种修辞：夸张 (10)其他修辞法： (11)Part 2 翻译练习 (17)（第一组） (17)（第二组） (18)（第三组） (18)（第四组） (18)（第五组） (19)（第六组） (19)Part 3 综合演练【模拟题】 (20)1．读后续写模拟专练 (20)2．（2022.湖南.一模） (22)3．（2022.辽宁大连.模拟预测） (23)Part 1修辞改装法今天我要分享的主题是：如何用三种修辞手法来升级我们的句子。
适当的修辞可以让我们的句子增光添彩。
试着比较一下，下面两个句子：第1个句子：Jenny was very happy. （Jenny很开心。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译Unit1Party PoliticsJudith Martin1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment.2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren‟t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody‟s feelings need be considered.3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity.4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely.5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long.6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules.7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise.8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette‟s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time.9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and startsdelivering practiced words about the contribution he makes to their great enterprise. The reaction is not quite what was hoped for. Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee‟s guest. He doesn‟t work for the company, recognize the boss, or appreciate the attention—and, as a matter of fact, has only a passing acquaintance with the employee who issued the invitation. What this guest wants is not professional fellowship but a fresh drink, if the boss would kindly step out of the way.10. Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest” was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself. Last year, unmarried employees were furious when their partners were not included, and married employees complained that the forms by which their spouses were addressed were offensive: “Mrs.” offended women who preferred “Ms.,” and wives who had the same surnames outraged everybody who didn‟t. This year, the complaints will be from spouses who were not told that there was a party or who were told that spouses weren‟t invited—but found out otherwise. There won‟t be many complaints. They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.11. Meanwhile, what about those who are interested in promoting a bit of immorality, or just plain romance, of their own? They, too, are creating problems that will reach far into the new year. True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time. More serious is the fact that, in spite of the liquor and high spirits, it still counts as sexual harassment when anyone with supervisory powers makes unreciprocated overtures to a lower-ranking employee. And foolhardy when a lower-ranking employee annoys a higher-ranking one.12. Some employees have their minds only on business and will be spending party time actively promoting workaday concerns. Remembering the company rhetoric about open communications and all being in this together, they will actually seek out the boss, who by this time is grateful to be addressed by anyone at all.13. But they do n‟t want to engage in platitudes. They accept compliments with: “Well, then how about a raise?” They plead for promotions, explain confidentially who ought to be fired, and advance previously submitted ideas about revolutionizing the business that have been unaccountably unappreciated for years. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning.14. Eventually—usually somewhat late in the party—it occurs to someone that this informal setting is just the time to offer the boss some constructive personal criticism. What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence?15. Here is where the company has pulled a fast one on its employees. “Go ahead,” it has said, “relax, have a good time, forget about the job.” And the naive have taken this at face value. This event is called a party—a place where one lets loose without worrying about being judged by the cold standard of professional usefulness.16. Even employees who adhere strictly to standard business dress in the office may not know what the bosses might consider vulgar in evening wear. Here is a chance to show off their racy and imaginative off-duty clothes. But over there are supervisors murmuring that people who look like that can‟t really be sent out to represent the company.17. Worse are the comments on anyone whose idea of fun is a little boisterous. It may be just thebehavior that makes one a delight—or a trial—to one‟s friends. But here, it is not being offered for the delight or tolerance of friends. It is being judged on criteria other than whether the person is a riot.18. It is not that Miss Manners wants to spoil the office party by these warnings. She just wants to prevent it from spoiling careers. And the solution is what was banished from the party for being too inhibiting: etiquette.19. The first formality that must come back is inviting everyone by name. The practice of merely counting every invitation as two is as dangerous as it is unflattering. But people who have been clearly identified and told that they must respond—the suggestion must be made neutrally, to show that the party is a treat, not a requirement—already have some sense that they are both individually sought after and expected to be responsible.20. What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigate, but employees simply can be asked to supply the name of a spouse or friend they want to invite. (An office party can be limited by confining it to employees, in which case it should be held during office hours. But inviting spouses and such is better. Having to work is enough distract ion from one‟s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like a guest list, according to personal compatibility.21. Since we have established, Miss Manners hopes, that the point of an office party is not whooping it up or telling people off, what is it? It is showing appreciation of the staff.22. This starts with a well-run receiving line. However much popular opinion may regard receiving lines as nasty ordeals, they were invented to be, and remain, the easiest way to get everyone recognized by the key people. The oldest receiving-line trick in the world still works: Someone whose business it is to know everyone—or someone unimportant enough to be able to ask each guest his name—announces the guests to the host as they go through the line. The host can then scornfully declare: “Of course I know Annette. We couldn‟t run this place without her.” For extra charm, the employee‟s guest is also told how wonderful that employee is. This always seems more sincere than straight-out flattery, and from then on, whenever the employee complains that everyone at the office is an idiot, the spouse will counter by repeating that appreciation.23. It is often erroneously assumed that the style of the party ought to be what employees are used to: their own kind of music, food, and other things the executive level believes itself to have outgrown. Nonsense. What employees want is a taste of high-level entertaining. This may vary greatly according to the nature of the business. If, however, the party is too formal for the employees‟ taste, they‟ll get a good laugh and enjoy the contrast all the more when they continue partying on their own afterward.24. The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that there are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative. Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a private host. And the real opportunity for career advancement is not petitioning a boss but rescuing one who has been cornered or stranded, thus demonstrating that one knows how to talk charmingly about nonbusiness matters.25. At the end, there is another receiving line. That is, the bosses plant themselves conspicuously by the exit, grabbing the hand of anyone trying to get away and thanking him for coming. Even the dimmest guest will then realize it is appropriate to thank back—that is, to realize that something has been offered and deserves gratitude.26. After all, isn‟t that why the office Christmas party is given?27. If the only goal were for the company to show the staff its appreciation, this could be effectively done with a day off and a bonus to go with it.第一单元晚会之道朱迪丝•马丁1. 办公室晚会礼节？有这个必要吗？员工们每天开开心心地彼此交往，虽然时不时会推推撞撞，发生点儿口角，传播点儿谣言，或是联名写点儿投诉信。
Commencement is life’s great ceremonial beginning, with its own attendant and highly appropriate symbolism. Fitting, for example, for this auspicious rite of passage, is where we find ourselves this afternoon, the venue. Normally, I avoid cliches like the plague, wouldn’t touch them with a ten-foot pole, but here we are on a literal level playing field. That matters. That says something. And your ceremonial costume... shapeless, uniform, one-size-fits-all. Whether male or female, tall or short, scholar or slacker, spray-tanned prom queen or intergalactic X-Box assassin, each of you is dressed, you’ll notice, exactly the same. And your diploma ... but for your name, exactly the same.All of this is as it should be, because none of you is special.You are not special. You are not exceptional.Contrary to what your U-9 soccer trophy suggests, your glowing seventh grade report card, despite every assurance of a certain corpulent purple dinosaur, that nice Mister Rogers and your batty Aunt Sylvia, no matter how of ten your maternal caped crusader has swooped in to save you... you’re nothing special.Yes, you’ve been pampered, cosseted, doted upon, helmeted, bubble-wrapped. Yes, capable adults with other things to do have held you, kissed you, fed you, wiped your mouth, wiped your bottom, trained you, taught you, tutored you, coached you, listened to you, counseled you, encouraged you, consoled you and encouraged you again. You’ve been nudged, cajoled, wheedled and implored. You’ve been feted and fawned over and calle d sweetie pie. Yes, you have. And, certainly, we’ve been to your games, your plays, your recitals, your science fairs. Absolutely, smiles ignite when you walk into a room, and hundreds gasp with delight at your every tweet. Why, maybe you’ve even had your picture in the Townsman! And now you’ve conquered high school... and, indisputably, here we all have gathered for you, the pride and joy of this fine community, the first to emerge from that magnificent new building...But do not get the idea you’re anything special. Because you’re not.The empirical evidence is everywhere, numbers even an English teacher can’t ignore. Newton, Natick, Nee ... I am allowed to say Needham, yes? ...that has to be two thousand high school graduates right there, give or take, and that’s just the neighborhood. Across the country no fewer than 3.2 million seniors are graduating about now from more than 37,000 high schools. That’s 37,000 valedictorians... 37,000 class presidents... 92,000 harmonizing altos... 340,000 swaggering jocks... 2,185,967 pairs of UGGs. But why limit ourselves to high school? After all, you’re leaving it. So think about this: even if you’re one in a million, on a planet of 6.8 billion that means there are nearly 7,000 people just like you. Imagine standing somewhere over there on Washington Street on Marathon Monday and watching sixty-eight hundred ―yous‖ go running by. And consider for a moment the bigger picture: your planet, I’ll remind you, is not the center of its solar system, your solar system is not the center of its galaxy, your galaxy is not the center of the universe. In fact, astrophysicists assure us the universe has no center; therefore, you cannot be it. Neither can Donald Trump...which someone should tell him... although that hair is quite a phenomenon.―But, Dave,‖ you cry, ―Walt Whitman tells me I’m my own version of perfection! Epictetus tells me I have the spark of Zeus!‖ And I don’t disagree. So that makes 6.8 billion examples of perfection, 6.8 billion sparks of Zeus. You see, if everyone is special, then no one is. If everyone gets a trophy, trophies become meaningless. In our unspoken but not so subtle Darwinian competition with one another–which springs, I think, from our fear of our own insignificance, a subset of our dread of mortality — we have of late, we Americans, to our detriment, come to love accolades more than genuine achievement. We have come to see them as the point —and we’re happy to compromise standards, or ignore reality, if we suspect that’s the quickest way, or only way, to have something to put on the mantelpiece, something to pose with, crow about, something with which to leverage ourselves into a better spot on the social totem pole. No longer is it how you play the game, no longer is it even whether you win or lose, or learn or grow, or enjoy yourself doing it... Now it’s ―So what does this get me?‖ As a consequence, we cheapen worthy endeavors, and building a Guatemalan medical clinic becomes more about the application to Bowdoin than the well-being of Guatemalans. I t’s an epidemic — and in its way, not even dear old Wellesley High is immune... one of the best of the 37,000 nationwide, Wellesley High School... where good is no longer good enough, where a B is the new C, and the midlevel curriculum is called Advanced College Placement. And I hope you caught me when I said ―one of the best.‖ I said ―one of the best‖ so we can feel better about ourselves, so we can bask in a little easy distinction, however vague and unverifiable, and count ourselves among the elite, whoever they might be, and enjoy a perceived leg up on the perceived competition. But the phrase defies logic. By definition there can be only one best. You’re it or you’re not.If you’ve learned anything in your years here I hope it’s that education should be for, rather than material advantage, the exhilaration of learning. You’ve learned, too, I hope, as Sophocles assured us, that wisdom is the chief element of happiness. (Second is ice cream... just an FYI) I also hope you’ve learned enough to recognize how little you know... how little you know now... at the moment... for today is just the beginning. It’s where you go from here that matters.As you commence, then, and before you scatter to the winds, I urge you to do whatever you do for no reason other than you love it and believe in its importance. Don’t bother with work you don’t believe in any more than you would a spouse you’re not crazy about, lest you too find yourself on the wrong side of a Baltimore Orioles comparison. Resist the easy comforts of complacency, the specious glitter of materialism, the narcotic paralysis of self-satisfaction. Be worthy of your advantages. And read... read all the time... read as a matter of principle, as a matter of self-respect. Read as a nourishing staple of life. Develop and protect a moral sensibility and demonstrate the character to apply it. Dream big. Work hard. Think for yourself. Love everything you love, everyone you love,with all your might. And do so, please, with a sense of urgency, for every tick of the clock subtracts from fewer and fewer; and as surely as there are commencements there are cessations, and you’ll be in no condition to enjoy the ceremony attendant to that eventuality no matter how delightful the afternoon.The fulfilling life, the distinctive life, the relevant life, is an achievement, not something that will fall into your lap because you’re a nice person or mommy ordered it from the caterer. You’ll note the founding fathers took pains to secure your inalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness–quite an active verb, ―pursuit‖–which leaves, I should think, little time for lying around watching parrots rollerskate on Youtube. The first President Roosevelt, the old rough rider, advocated the strenuous life. Mr. Thoreau wanted to drive life into a corner, to live deep and suck out all the marrow. The poet Mary Oliver tells us to row, row into the swirl and roil. Locally, someone... I forget who... from time to time encourages young scholars to carpe the heck out of the diem. The point is the same: get busy, have at it. Don’t wait for inspiration or passion to find you. Get up, get out, explore, find it yourself, and grab hold with both hands. (Now, before you dash off and get your YOLO tattoo, let me point out the illogic of that trendy little expression–because you can and should live not merely once, but every day of your life. Rather than You Only Live Once, it should be You Live Only Once... but because YLOO doesn’t have the same ring, we shrug and decide it doesn’t matter.)None of this day-seizing, though, this YLOOing, should be interpreted as license for self-indulgence. Like accolades ought to be, the fulfilled life is a consequence, a gratifying byproduct. It’s what happens when you’re thinking about more important things. Climb the mountain not to plant your flag, but to embrace the challenge, enjoy the air and behold the view. Climb it so you can see the world, not so the world can see you. Go to Paris to be in Paris, not to cross it off your list and congratulate yourself for being worldly. Exercise free will and creative, independent thought not for the satisfactions they will bring you, but for the good they will do others, the rest of the 6.8 billion–and those who will follow them. And then you too will discover the great and curious truth of the human experience is that selflessness is the best thing you can do for yourself. The sweetest joys of life, then, come only with the recognition that you’re not special.Because everyone is.。
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第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A2024 International Youth Journalism ContestThe 2024 International Youth Journalism Contest, sponsored by Youth Journalism International, promotes a free youth press by recognizing exceptional work in English by student reporters.●CategoriesStudent Journalist Of The YearTo recognize exceptional work in journalism by a student journalist.Journalism Educator Of The YearTo honor a teacher who inspires students and brings out the very best in them.Courage In Journalism AwardTo recognize an individual youth journalist who showed particular courage in pursuing a story despite danger, official roadblocks, or other unusual obstacles.Jacinta Marie Bunnell AwardTo honor an individual who gave voice to an important issue in a single opinion piece or a series of opinion pieces devoted to the same topic.●Important NoticeWe require that all entries be accessible online. You must include a public link to every entryyou submit, which should be accessible to anyone who has the link.Journalists who meet the criteria of being 19 years old or younger and not employed professionally at the time of publication are qualified to participate from any country.●Admission FeeA fee of $35 is required for each category you enter. However, if the fee presents a financial hardship, you may apply for an exemption (免除), which are limited to two entries per participant.21. What is the aim of the contest concerning student reporters?A. To help explore their own talents.B. To advocate their free expressions.C. To collect their outstanding works.D. To increase their impact in the field.22. Which award honors a young journalist for bringing attention to a significant problem?A. Student Journalist Of The Year.B. Journalism Educator Of The Year.C. Courage In Journalism Award.D. Jacinta Marie Bunnell Award.23. Which of the following is a requirement to enter the competition?A. Being a grown-up amateur journalist.B. Making your entries available online.C. Applying for no more than two entries.D. Paying $35 for your competitive event.BBaking lover and her bakery with “silent” staffersSome people may open a bakery to turn their passion into a profession. Some open a bakery to realize their childhood dream. For Zheng Xiaoyan, founder of Silent Bread Tree, the main reason she chose to do so is less common.The idea to open a bakery emerged when Zheng learned from a silent friend in a baking course about the difficulties they face in job hunting. She began to wonder what she could do for them, until she got inspiration from the success of a bakery in Changsha, which is run by a German couple that hires silent people. “I decided that I would also open a bakery like theirs to help some silent people in need,” told Zheng.“And that’s why I named it ‘Silent Bread Tree’. Hopefully the jobs provided here can help the silent people feed themselves, just like bread trees feed people with their bread-like fruit,” Zheng added.The bakery has 16 employees, six of whom are hearing and speech-impaired (有…障碍的). The principle here is to treat all staffs in the same way wherever possible, and avoid signs indicating which staff members are different. “When we asked whether to put the words ‘Pat me if you need help’ on the back of their uniform, our silent staffs said ‘No’. That was when I realized that they just don’t want others to know they’re different,” Zheng recalled.Although knowing what she could do for the silent community is very limited, Zheng said the efforts the silent staffs have made to keep the bakery running keep inspiring her to do even more. For every product sold, the bakery donates 0.01 yuan to help provide artificial cochlea implants (人工耳蜗) to the hearing and speech-impaired children in rural areas.“If hearing-impaired children could have artificial cochleae implants at an early age, their lives could be completely transformed. They would be able to live like people with no difficulties in hearing,” said Zheng.24. Why did Zheng open the bakery?A. To offer the silent people jobs.B. To make her dream come true.C. To turn her hobby into a career.D. To learn from the German couple.25. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. The story about the bread tree.B. The meaning of the bakery name.C. Zheng’s expectation of the future.D. Zheng’s satisfaction with her store.26. What can we learn about the silent staffs from paragraph 4?A. They value equal treatment.B. They enjoy great social respect.C. They consider customers disturbing.D. They have poor communication skills.27. Which word best describes Zheng?A. Confident.B. Optimistic.C. Broad-minded.D.Kind-hearted.CFor many years researchers focused on what people know about science, thinking that “To know science is to love it.” But do people who think they know science actually know science? Anew study led by Cristina Fonseca of the Genetics Society, Laurence Hurst of the Milner Centre for Evolution (进化) reveals that people with strong attitudes tend to believe they understand science, while neutrals (中立者) are less certain. Absolute attitudes, both for and against, build on high self-confidence in knowledge about science.The study performed a survey of over 2,000 UK adults, asking them both about their attitudes to science and their belief in their own understanding. Questions focused on genetic (基因的) science, for example, “How would you rate your understanding of what the term DNA means?” All individuals were scored from zero (they know they have no understanding) to one (they are confident that they understand). The results suggest that those at the attitudinal extremes — both strongly supportive and firmly opposing — have very high self-belief in their own comprehension, while those answering neutrally do not.Psychologically, the team suggests, this makes sense: to hold a strong opinion you need to strongly believe in the correctness of your interpretation of the basic facts. Results of previous studies also indicate that those more accepting of science both believe they understand it and score well on the textbook fact (true/false) questions. By contrast, people with strong negative attitudes to science tend to be overconfident about their level of understanding.Whether it be climate change or GM foods, important science can inspire strong and opposing attitudes. Understanding how to communicate science requires an awareness of why people may hold such different attitudes to it. When it was thought that what mattered most for scientific literacy was scientific knowledge, science communication focused on passing information from scientists to the public. However, this approach may not be successful, and in some cases can have adverse effects. Working to address the gap between what people know and what they believe they know may be a better strategy.28. What is the new study mainly about?A. An assessment of people’s interest in genetics.B. A survey of various attitudes towards evolution.C. A report of people’s general knowledge of science.D. An analysis of factors on people’s belief in science.29. Why does the author mention previous studies in paragraph 3?A. To support the findings of the study.B. To clarify the concept of confidence.C. To stress the importance of basic facts.D. To compare different research methods.30. What does the underlined word “adverse” mean in the last paragraph?A. Random.B. Negative.C. Indirect.D. Favorable.31. As for science communication, which would the author agree with?A. It should help people boost confidence.B. It should focus on scientific knowledge.C. It should inspire people to score well in tests.D. It should emphasize objective awareness of oneself.DWhether playing tricks or holding funerals in the wild, crows have surprised the public with their unexpected capabilities. But their “intelligence” knows no bounds. A new study published in Current Biology revealed for the first time that crows can use statistical logic to solve problems.Crows have a large brain for their size and a particularly noticeable forebrain, associated with statistical and analytical reasoning in humans. “In our lab, crows have shown complicated numerical competence and careful consideration during decision-making,” said Dr. Melissa Johnston, a fellow at the University of Tübingen. In her recent work, Johnston and her team pushed these abilities to a new extreme, testing statistical reasoning.In the experiment, two crows were first trained to peck(啄) at various images on touchscreens to earn food treats; and gradually they had to choose between two of these images, each corresponding to a different reward probability. “Crows were tasked with learning rather abstract quantities and then applying that combination of information in a reward maximizing way,” Johnston detailed. Over 10 days of training and 5,000 trials, the two crows managed to pick the higher probability of reward, showing their ability to use statistical inference. To researchers’ much surprise, even after a month without training, the crows still perform well every time.Statistical reasoning involves using limited information about a situation to draw conclusions and make decisions. People unknowingly use such cognitive ability every day. When we select cafes for social meetups, our brains automatically weigh collected statistics from past observations and favor the one more capable of meeting needs. Similarly, crows remembered and analyzed the connections between the images and the reward probabilities to make themselves get the most treats possible.Crows once symbolized misfortune and death, causing them disliked even killed by people. Actually, they are among the few animals to adapt to urbanization successfully due to underestimated intelligence. “I think these studies do help change public views and improve our relationship with these lovely animals,” Johnston stated.32. What makes crows’ intelligence possible?A. Their limitless abilities of tricks.B. Their social leaning in the wild.C. Their physical structure of brains.D. Their training received in the lab.33. Which of the following best describes the research process in paragraph 3?A. Instruct, task, and retest.B. Train, perform, and record.C. Assume, prove, and reflect.D. Prepare, teach, and examine.34. How does the author explain statistical inference in paragraph 4?A. By sharing a personal experience.B. By quoting a previous study.C. By making a detailed comparison.D. By using a common example.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Food Prize Competition: Crows Choosing Rewards.B. Urban Bird Survival Strategies: Living with People.C. Beyond Tricks: Surprise of Crows’ Statistical Reasoning.D. Animal Behavior Study: Training Crows in Experiments.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
《告别演说》 - 英文原稿GEORGE WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL A DDRESS To the People of the United States . FRIENDS AND FELLOW-CITIZENS: The period for a new election of a citizen， to administer the executive government of the Un ited States， being not far distant， and the ti me actually arrived， when your thoughts mus t be employed designating the person， who is to be clothed with that important trust， it app ears to me proper， especially as it may condu ce to a more distinct expression of the public v oice， that I should now apprize you of the res olution I have formed， to decline being consi dered among the number of those out of whom a choice is to be made. I beg you at the sa me time to do me the justice to be assured that this resolution has not been taken without a str ict regard to all the considerations appertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citizen to his country； and that in withdrawing the tend er of service， which silence in my situationmight imply， I am influenced by no diminuti on of zeal for your future interest， no deficie ncy of grateful respect for your past kindness ， but am supported by a full conviction that t he step is compatible with both. The accept ance of， and continuance hitherto in， the of fice to which your suffrages have twice called me， have been a uniform sacrifice of inclinat ion to the opinion of duty， and to a deference for what appeared to be your desire. I constant ly hoped， that it would have been much earli er in my power， consistently with motives，which I was not at liberty to disregard， to ret urn to that retirement， from which I had been reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclinat ion to do this， previous to the last election，had even led to the preparation of an address t o declare it to you； but mature reflection on t he then perplexed and critical posture of our af fairs with foreign nations， and the unanimou s advice of persons entitled to my confidence i mpelled me to abandon the idea. I rejoice， that the state of your concerns， external as well as internal， no longer renders the pursui t of inclination incompatible with the sentimen t of duty， or propriety； and am persuaded， whatever partiality may be retained for my ser vices， that， in the present circumstances of our country， you will not disapprove my dete rmination to retire. The impressions， wit h which I first undertook the arduous trust， w ere explained on the proper occasion. In the di scharge of this trust， I will only say， that I have， with good intentions， contributed to wards the organization and administration of t he government the best exertions of which a v ery fallible judgment was capable. Not uncons cious， in the outset， of the inferiority of my qualifications， experience in my own eyes， perhaps still more in the eyes of others， has strengthened the motives to diffidence of myse lf； and every day the increasing weight of ye ars admonishes me more and more， that the s hade of retirement is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. Satisfied， that， if any circu mstances have given peculiar value to my serv ices， they were temporary， I have the conso lation to believe， that， while choice and pru dence invite me to quit the political scene， pa triotism does not forbid it. In looking forw ard to the moment， which is intended to term inate the career of my public life， my feeling s do not permit me to suspend the deep ackno wledgment of that debt of gratitude， which I owe to my beloved country for the many hono rs it has conferred upon me； still more for the steadfast confidence with which it has support ed me； and for the opportunities I have thenc e enjoyed of manifesting my inviolable attach ment， by services faithful and persevering，though in usefulness unequal to my zeal. If be nefits have resulted to our country from these s ervices， let it always be remembered to your praise， and as an instructive example in our a nnals， that under circumstances in which the passions， agitated in every direction， were liable to mislead， amidst appearances someti mes dubious， vicissitudes of fortune often di scouraging， in situations in which not unfreq uently want of success has countenanced the s pirit of criticism， the constancy of your supp ort was the essential prop of the efforts， and a guarantee of the plans by which they were ef fected. Profoundly penetrated with this idea，I shall carry it with me to my grave， as a stro ng incitement to unceasing vows that Heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of its beneficence； that your union and brotherly af fection may be perpetual； that the free constit ution， which is the work of your hands， ma y be sacredly maintained； that its administrat ion in every department may be stamped with wisdom and virtue； than， in fine， the hap piness of the people of these States， under th e auspices of liberty， may be made complete ， by so careful a preservation and so prudent a use of this blessing， as will acquire to them the glory of recommending it to the applause， the affection， and adoption of every natio n， which is yet a stranger to it. Here， pe rhaps I ought to stop. But a solicitude for your welfare which cannot end but with my life， a nd the apprehension of danger， natural to tha t solicitude， urge me， on an occasion like t he present， to offer to your solemn contempl ation， and to recommend to your frequent re view， some sentiments which are the result o f much reflection， of no inconsiderable obser vation， and which appear to me all-important to the permanency of your felicity as a people. These will be offered to you with the more fre edom， as you can only see in them the disint erested warnings of a parting friend， who can possibly have no personal motive to bias his c ounsel. Nor can I forget， as an encourageme nt to it， your indulgent reception of my senti ments on a former and not dissimilar occasion.Interwoven as is the love of liberty with e very ligament of your hearts， no recommend ation of mine is necessary to fortify or confirmthe attachment. The unity of Government ， which constitutes you one people， is also now dear to you. It is justly so； for it is a mai n pillar in the edifice of your real independenc e， the support of your tranquillity at home，your peace abroad； of your safety； of your prosperity； of that very Liberty， which you so highly prize. But as it is easy to foresee， t hat， from different causes and from different quarters， much pains will be taken， many a rtifices employed， to weaken in your minds t he conviction of this truth； as this is the point in your political fortress against which the bat teries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often cov ertly and insidiously) directed， it is of infinit e moment， that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national Union to y our collective and individual happiness； that you should cherish a cordial， habitual， and immovable attachment to it； accustoming yo urselves to think and speak of it as of the Palladium of your political safety and prosperity；watching for its preservation with jealous anxi ety； discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion， that it can in any event be a bandoned； and indignantly frowning upon th e first dawning of every attempt to alienate an y portion of our country from the rest， or to e nfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts. For this you have every i nducement of sympathy and interest. Citizens ， by birth or choice， of a common country ， that country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of american， which bel ongs to you， in your national capacity， mus t always exalt the just pride of Patriotism， m ore than any appellation derived from local dis criminations. With slight shades of difference ， you have the same religion， manners， ha bits， and political principles. You have in a c ommon cause fought and triumphed together ； the Independence and Liberty you possess a re the work of joint counsels， and joint efforts， of common dangers， sufferings， and su ccesses. But these considerations， howev er powerfully they address themselves to your sensibility， are greatly outweighed by those ， which apply more immediately to your inte rest. Here every portion of our country finds th e most commanding motives for carefully guar ding and preserving the Union of the whole.The North， in an unrestrained intercourse wit h the South， protected by the equal laws of a common government， finds， in the producti ons of the latter， great additional resources of maritime and commercial enterprise and preci ous materials of manufacturing industry. The S outh， in the same intercourse， benefiting by the agency of the North， sees its agriculture grow and its commerce expand. Turning partly into its own channels the seamen of the North ， it finds its particular navigation invigorated ； and， while it contributes， in different wa ys， to nourish and increase the general massof the national navigation， it looks forward t o the protection of a maritime strength， to w hich itself is unequally adapted. The East， in a like intercourse with the West， already find s， and in the progressive improvement of inte rior communications by land and water， will more and more find， a valuable vent for the c ommodities which it brings from abroad， or manufactures at home. The West derives from the East supplies requisite to its growth and co mfort， and， what is perhaps of still greater consequence， it must of necessity owe the se cure enjoyment of indispensable outlets for its own productions to the weight， influence， a nd the future maritime strength of the Atlantic side of the Union， directed by an indissolubl e community of interest as one nation. Any oth er tenure by which the West can hold this esse ntial advantage， whether derived from its ow n separate strength， or from an apostate and unnatural connexion with any foreign power， must be intrinsically precarious. While， then， every part of our country thus feels an i mmediate and particular interest in Union， al l the parts combined cannot fail to find in the u nited mass of means and efforts greater strengt h， greater resource， proportionably greater security from external danger， a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nations ； and， what is of inestimable value， they must derive from Union an exemption from th ose broils and wars between themselves， whi ch so frequently afflict neighbouring countries not tied together by the same governments，which their own rivalships alone would be suff icient to produce， but which opposite foreign alliances， attachments， and intrigues woul d stimulate and embitter. Hence， likewise， t hey will avoid the necessity of those overgrow n military establishments， which， under an y form of government， are inauspicious to lib erty， and which are to be regarded as particul arly hostile to Republican Liberty. In this sens e it is， that your Union ought to be considered as a main prop of your liberty， and that the love of the one ought to endear to you the pres ervation of the other. These considerations speak a persuasive language to every reflecting and virtuous mind， and exhibit the continu ance of the union as a primary object of Patriot ic desire. Is there a doubt， whether a commo n government can embrace so large a sphere? Let experience solve it. To listen to mere spec ulation in such a case were criminal. We are a uthorized to hope， that a proper organization of the whole， with the auxiliary agency of go vernments for the respective subdivisions， wi ll afford a happy issue to the experiment. It is well worth a fair and full experiment. With suc h powerful and obvious motives to Union， af fecting all parts of our country， while experie nce shall not have demonstrated its impractica bility， there will always be reason to distrust the patriotism of those， who in any quarter m ay endeavour to weaken its bands. In conte mplating the causes， which may disturb ourUnion， it occurs as matter of serious concern ， that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by Geographical dis criminations， Northern and Southern， Atla ntic and Western； whence designing men ma y endeavour to excite a belief， that there is a real difference of local interests and views. On e of the expedients of party to acquire influenc e， within particular districts， is to misrepres ent the opinions and aims of other districts. Yo u cannot shield yourselves too much against th e jealousies and heart-burnings， which spring from these misrepresentations； they tend to r ender alien to each other those， who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection. The i nhabitants of our western country have lately h ad a useful lesson on this head； they have see n， in the negotiation by the Executive， and in the unanimous ratification by the Senate，of the treaty with Spain， and in the universal satisfaction at that event， throughout the Unit ed States， a decisive proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated among them of a policy in the General Government and in the Atlantic States unfriendly to their interests in r egard to the mississippi； they have been witn esses to the formation of two treaties， that wi th Great Britain， and that with Spain， whic h secure to them every thing they could desire ， in respect to our foreign relations， toward s confirming their prosperity. Will it not be the ir wisdom to rely for the preservation of these advantages on the union by which they were p rocured? Will they not henceforth be deaf to th ose advisers， if such there are， who would sever them from their brethren， and connect t hem with aliens? To the efficacy and perm anency of your Union， a Government for the whole is indispensable. No alliances， howev er strict， between the parts can be an adequat e substitute； they must inevitably experience the infractions and interruptions， which all al liances in all times have experienced. Sensible of this momentous truth， you have improvedupon your first essay， by the adoption of a C onstitution of Government better calculated th an your former for an intimate Union， and fo r the efficacious management of your common concerns. This Government， the offspring of our own choice， uninfluenced and unawed ， adopted upon full investigation and mature deliberation， completely free in its principles ， in the distribution of its powers， uniting s ecurity with energy， and containing within it self a provision for its own amendment， has a just claim to your confidence and your suppo rt. Respect for its authority， compliance with its laws， acquiescence in its measures， are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true Liberty. The basis of our political systems is the right of the people to make and to alter t heir Constitutions of Government. But the Con stitution which at any time exists， till change d by an explicit and authentic act of the whole people， is sacredly obligatory upon all. The v ery idea of the power and the right of the people to establish Government presupposes the dut y of every individual to obey the established G overnment. All obstructions to the executio n of the Laws， all combinations and associati ons， under whatever plausible character， wi th the real design to direct， control， counter act， or awe the regular deliberation and actio n of the constituted authorities， are destructiv e of this fundamental principle， and of fatal t endency. They serve to organize faction， tog ive it an artificial and extraordinary force； to put， in the place of the delegated will of the nation， the will of a party， often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the commu nity； and， according to the alternate triump hs of different parties， to make the public ad ministration the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous projects of faction， rather than t he organ of consistent and wholesome plans di gested by common counsels， and modified b y mutual interests. However combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends， they are li kely， in the course of time and things， to be come potent engines， by which cunning， a mbitious， and unprincipled men will be enab led to subvert the power of the people， and to usurp for themselves the reins of government ； destroying afterwards the very engines， w hich have lifted them to unjust dominion. T owards the preservation of your government， and the permanency of your present happy sta te， it is requisite， not only that you steadily discountenance irregular oppositions to its ack nowledged authority， but also that you resist with care the spirit of innovation upon its princ iples， however specious the pretexts. One me thod of assault may be to effect， in the forms of the constitution， alterations， which will impair the energy of the system， and thus to undermine what cannot be directly overthrown . In all the changes to which you may be invite d， remember that time and habit are at least a s necessary to fix the true character of governments， as of other human institutions； that experience is the surest standard， by which t o test the real tendency of the existing constitu tion of a country； that facility in changes， u pon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion ， exposes to perpetual change， from the end less variety of hypothesis and opinion； and re member， especially， that， for the efficient management of our common interests， in a c ountry so extensive as ours， a government of as much vigor as is consistent with the perfect security of liberty is indispensable. Liberty its elf will find in such a government， with pow ers properly distributed and adjusted， its sure st guardian. It is， indeed， little else than a n ame， where the government is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of faction， to confi ne each member of the society within the limit s prescribed by the laws， and to maintain all i n the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the righ ts of person and property. I have already in timated to you the danger of parties in the state， with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view， and w arn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party， general ly. This spirit， unfortunately， is insepar able from our nature， having its root in the st rongest passions of the human mind. It exists u nder different shapes in all governments， mo re or less stifled， controlled， or repressed； but， in those of the popular form， it is seen in its greatest rankness， and is truly their wo rst enemy. The alternate domination of one faction over another， sharpened by the spirit of revenge， natural to party dissension， wh ich in different ages and countries has perpetra ted the most horrid enormities， is itself a frig htful despotism. But this leads at length to a m ore formal and permanent despotism. The diso rders and miseries， which result， gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and r epose in the absolute power of an individual；and sooner or later the chief of some prevailin g faction， more able or more fortunate than h is competitors， turns this disposition to the p urposes of his own elevation， on the ruins of Public Liberty. Without looking forward to an extremity of this kind， (which neverthele ss ought not to be entirely out of sight，) the c ommon and continual mischiefs of the spirit of party are sufficient to make it the interest and duty of a wise people to discourage and restrai n it. It serves always to distract the Public Councils， and enfeeble the Public Administr ation. It agitates the Community with ill-found ed jealousies and false alarms； kindles the an imosity of one part against another， foments occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption， whi ch find a facilitated access to the government i tself through the channels of party passions. T hus the policy and the will of one country are s ubjected to the policy and will of another. There is an opinion， that parties in free countries are useful checks upon the administration of the Government， and serve to keep alive t he spirit of Liberty. This within certain limits i s probably true； and in Governments of a Mo narchical cast， Patriotism may look with ind ulgence， if not with favor， upon the spirit o f party. But in those of the popular character， in Governments purely elective， it is a spirit not to be encouraged. From their natural tende ncy， it is certain there will always be enough of that spirit for every salutary purpose. And， there being constant danger of excess， the ef fort ought to be， by force of public opinion ， to mitigate and assuage it. A fire not to be q uenched， it demands a uniform vigilance to p revent its bursting into a flame， lest， instea d of warming， it should consume. It is im portant， likewise， that the habits of thinkin g in a free country should inspire caution， in those intrusted with its administration， to con fine themselves within their respective constitu tional spheres， avoiding in the exercise of thepowers of one department to encroach upon a nother. The spirit of encroachment tends to co nsolidate the powers of all the departments in one， and thus to create， whatever the form of government， a real despotism. A just esti mate of that love of power， and proneness to abuse it， which predominates in the human h eart， is sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of t his position. The necessity of reciprocal check s in the exercise of political power， by dividi ng and distributing it into different depositorie s， and constituting each the Guardian of the Public Weal against invasions by the others，has been evinced by experiments ancient and modern； some of them in our country and un der our own eyes. To preserve them must be as necessary as to institute them. If， in the opin ion of the people， the distribution or modific ation of the constitutional powers be in any par ticular wrong， let it be corrected by an amen dment in the way， which the constitution des ignates. But let there be no change by usurpation； for， though this， in one instance， ma y be the instrument of good， it is the customa ry weapon by which free governments are dest royed. The precedent must always greatly over balance in permanent evil any partial or transie nt benefit， which the use can at any time yiel d. Of all the dispositions and habits， whic h lead to political prosperity， Religion and M orality are indispensable supports. In vain wou ld that man claim the tribute of Patriotism， w ho should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness， these firmest props of the duties of Men and Citizens. The mere Politicia n， equally with the pious man， ought to res pect and to cherish them. A volume could not t race all their connexions with private and publi c felicity. Let it simply be asked， Where is th e security for property， for reputation， for li fe， if the sense of religious obligation desert t he oaths， which are the instruments of investi gation in Courts of Justice? And let us with ca ution indulge the supposition， that morality can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined ed ucation on minds of peculiar structure， reaso n and experience both forbid us to expect， th at national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle. It is substantially true ， that virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular government. The rule， indeed， e xtends with more or less force to every species of free government. Who， that is a sincere fr iend to it， can look with indifference upon att empts to shake the foundation of the fabric ?Promote， then， as an object of primary imp ortance， institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. In proportion as the structure of a government gives force to public opinion，it is essential that public opinion should be enli ghtened. As a very important source of stre ngth and security， cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is， to use it as sparin gly as possible； avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace， but remembering als o that timely disbursements to prepare for dan ger frequently prevent much greater disbursem ents to repel it； avoiding likewise the accumu lation of debt， not only by shunning occasion s of expense， but by vigorous exertions in ti me of peace to discharge the debts， which un avoidable wars may have occasioned， not un generously throwing upon posterity the burthe n， which we ourselves ought to bear. The exe cution of these maxims belongs to your repres entatives， but it is necessary that public opini on should cooperate. To facilitate to them the performance of their duty， it is essential that you should practically bear in mind， that tow ards the payment of debts there must be Reven ue； that to have Revenue there must be taxes ； that no taxes can be devised， which are no t more or less inconvenient and unpleasant； t hat the intrinsic embarrassment， inseparable from the selection of the proper objects (which is always a choice of difficulties)， ought to be a decisive motive for a candid construction of the conduct of the government in making it ， and for a spirit of acquiescence in the meas ures for obtaining revenue， which the public exigencies may at any time dictate. Observ e good faith and justice towards all Nations；cultivate peace and harmony with all. Religion and Morality enjoin this conduct； and can it be， that good policy does not equally enjoini t? It will be worthy of a free， enlightened， a nd， at no distant period， a great Nation， t o give to mankind the magnanimous and too n ovel example of a people always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence. Who can dou bt， that， in the course of time and things，the fruits of such a plan would richly repay an y temporary advantages， which might be lost by a steady adherence to it ? Can it be， that Providence has not connected the permanent f elicity of a Nation with its Virtue? The experi ment， at least， is recommended by every se ntiment which ennobles human nature. Alas! isit rendered impossible by its vices ? In the execution of such a plan， nothing is more es sential， than that permanent， inveterate anti pathies against particular Nations， and passio nate attachments for others， should be exclud ed； and that， in place of them， just and a micable feelings towards all should be cultivat ed. The Nation， which indulges towards anot her an habitual hatred， or an habitual fondnes s， is in some degree a slave. It is a slave to its animosity or to its affection， either of which is sufficient to lead it astray from its duty and i ts interest. Antipathy in one nation against ano ther disposes each more readily to offer insult and injury， to lay hold of slight causes of um brage， and to be haughty and intractable， w hen accidental or trifling occasions of dispute occur. Hence frequent collisions， obstinate， envenomed， and bloody contests. The Natio n， prompted by ill-will and resentment， so metimes impels to war the Government， cont rary to the best calculations of policy. The Government sometimes participates in the national propensity， and adopts through passion what reason would reject； at other times， it mak es the animosity of the nation subservient to pr ojects of hostility instigated by pride， ambiti on， and other sinister and pernicious motives . The peace often， sometimes perhaps the lib erty， of Nations has been the victim. So li kewise， a passionate attachment of one Natio n for another produces a variety of evils. Symp athy for the favorite Nation， facilitating the il lusion of an imaginary common interest， in c ases where no real common interest exists， a nd infusing into one the enmities of the other ， betrays the former into a participation in th e quarrels and wars of the latter， without ade quate inducement or justification. It leads also to concessions to the favorite Nation of privile ges denied to others， which is apt doubly to i njure the Nation making the concessions； by unnecessarily parting with what ought to have been retained； and by exciting jealousy， ill-。
You Are Not Special Commencement Speech from Wellesley High School（By David McCullough, Jr.）英语演讲稿带中文翻译：Dr. Wong, Dr. Keough, Mrs. Novogroski, Ms. Curran, members of the board of education, family and friends of the graduates, ladies and gentlemen of the Wellesley High School class of 2012, for the privilege of speaking to you this afternoon, I am honored and grateful. Thank you。
王博士、Keough博士、Novogroski女士和Curran小姐;教育委员会委员和毕业生的亲朋好友;韦斯利高中2012年毕业班的女士先生们;有机会能在这个下午对你们演讲令我感到十分荣幸与感激，谢谢。
好，进入主题吧!So here we are… commencement… life‘s great forward-looking ceremony. (And don‘t say, ―What about weddings?‖ Weddings are one-sided and insufficiently effective. Weddings are bride-centric pageantry. Other than conceding to a list of unreasonable demands, the groom just stands there. No stately, hey-everybody-look-at-me procession. No being given away. No identity-changing pronouncement. And can you imagine a television show dedicated to watching guys try on tuxedos? Their fathers sitting there misty-eyed with joy and disbelief, their brothers lurking in the corner muttering with envy. Left to men, weddings would be, after limits-testing procrastination, spontaneous, almost inadvertent… during halftime… on the way to the refrigerator. And then there‘s the frequency of failure: statistics tell us half of you will get divorced. A winning percentage like that‘ll get you last place in the American League East. The Baltimore Orioles do better than weddings。
)毕业典礼-生命中重要的前瞻性仪式。
别问说，―那婚礼呢?‖婚礼是单方面的，而且效率不高。
婚礼是以新娘为中心的盛会，除了同意一长串无理的要求外，新郎只能呆站在一旁。
没有庄严的、―大家看着我‖的过程;没有像新娘被长辈送出的仪式;没有改变身份的宣告。
你们能想象一个专门看男人试穿燕尾服的电视节目吗?他们的父亲坐在那里，泪汪汪的眼中透着喜悦和不可置信的神情;他们的兄弟躲在角落，羡慕地喃喃自语。
对男人来说，在挑战极限的拖延后，婚礼就像自发性地，几乎是无意识地，在球赛中场休息时间去冰箱拿饮料。
然而，婚姻的失败率如下：统计数据显示，现场观众有一半会离婚;这样的胜率会让你荣登美国联盟东区的炉主。
巴尔的摩金莺队的胜率都比婚姻成功率来得高。
But this ceremony… commencement… a commencement works every time. From this day forward… truly… in sickness and in health, through financial fiascos, through midlife crises and passably attractive sales reps at trade shows in Cincinnati, through diminishing tolerance for annoyingness, through every difference, irreconcilable and otherwise, you will stay forever graduated from high school, you and your diploma as one, ‗til death do you part。
但这个仪式-毕业典礼，总是能圆满结束。
从今天开始-确实如此;无论你生病或健康;经历过财务困境、中年危机;在辛辛那提贸易展遇见还算迷人的销售代表-家长(微博)了解我的意思;对恼人之事的容忍度越来越低;历经过每次的改变、自我矛盾和其他种种;你从高中毕业这个事实永远不会改变，你的文凭一生都会与你相伴。
No, commencement is life‘s great ceremonial beginning, with its own attendant and highly appropriate symbolism. Fitting, for example, for this auspicious rite of passage, is where we find ourselves this afternoon, the venue. Normally, I avoid clichés like the plague,wouldn‘t touch them with a ten-foot pole, but here we are on a literal level playing field. That matte rs. That says something. And your ceremonial costume… shapeless, uniform, one-size-fits-all. Whether male or female, tall or short, scholar or slacker, spray-tanned prom queen or intergalactic X-Box assassin, each of you is dressed, you‘ll notice, exactly the same. And your diploma… but for your name, exactly the same。
不，毕业典礼代表生命中一个伟大仪式的开始，它有其本身的附加价值和高度的象征意义;例如象征让我们在这个下午找到自己定位的美妙仪式。
通常我会像避瘟疫似地避免陈腔烂调，闪得远远的，但现在我们处于平等的竞技场上;这点很重要，它代表某些意义。
你们的毕业礼服-毫无造型、外观统一、尺码相同;无论男女、高矮、会不会读书;无论是晒成一身古铜色的舞会皇后或Xbox的星际刺客;你会发现，每个人的穿著都一模一样。
而你们的文凭…除了名字以外，其它完全一样。
All of this is as it should be, because none of you is special。
这一切本应如此，因为，你们没有任何人是特别的。
You are not special. You are not exceptional. Contrary to what your u9 soccer trophy suggests, your glowing seventh grade report card, despite every assurance of a certain corpulent purple dinosaur, that nice Mister Rogers and your batty Aunt Sylvia, no matter how often your maternal caped crusader has swooped in to save you… you‘re nothing special。
你并不特别，你并非与众不同; 尽管你有U9足球奖杯、辉煌的七年级成绩单;尽管你确信世上必定有肥胖的紫色恐龙、亲切的罗杰斯先生(著名儿童电视节目主持人)和古怪的Sylvia阿姨;无论女蝙蝠侠曾奋不顾身地救过你多少次;你依然没什么特别。
Yes, you‘ve been pampered, cosseted, doted upon, helmeted, bubble-wrapped. Yes, capable adults with other things to do have held you, kissed you, fed you, wiped your mouth, wiped your bottom, trained you, taught you, tutored you, coached you, listened to you, counseled you, encouraged you, consoled you and encouraged you again. You‘ve been nudged, cajoled, wheedled and implored. You‘ve been feted and fawned over and called sweetie pie. Yes, you have. And, certainly, we‘ve been to your games, your plays, your recitals, your science fairs. Absolutely, smiles ignite when you walk into a room, and hundreds gasp with delight at your every tweet. Why, maybe you‘ve even had your picture in the Townsman! [Editor‘s upgrade: Or The Swellesley Report!]是的，你被骄纵、溺爱、宠爱、保护、呵护;是的，忙碌不堪的大人抱着你、亲吻你、喂养你，替你擦嘴、擦屁股;训练你、教导你、指引你、辅导你、倾听你、规劝你、鼓励你、安慰你，并一再地鼓励你。
