延续性动词
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延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用
延续性动词和非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用有一些区别。
1.延续性动词:
延续性动词表示持续的动作或状态,常见的有live(住)、work
(工作)、study(学习)、wait(等待)等。
在现在完成时态中,延续
性动词通常用来表示一个动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并且可能
会继续下去。
例如:
- I have lived in this city for 10 years.(我在这个城市住了
10年了。
)
2.非延续性动词:
非延续性动词表示瞬间动作或不可数的状态,常见的有arrive(到达)、die(死亡)、finish(完成)、know(知道)等。
在现在完成时
态中,非延续性动词通常用来表示一个动作已经完成或一个状态已经发生,没有持续的时间。
例如:
- She has arrived at the airport.(她已经到达了机场。
)
- The project has finished.(项目已经完成了。
)
- I have known him since childhood.(我从小就认识他了。
)
需要注意的是,有些动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词,根据上下文来决定其使用方式。
比如,动词sleep(睡觉)可以是延
续性动词,表示持续的睡眠状态,也可以是非延续性动词,表示一次性的睡眠动作。
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一 . 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 , 如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有 : ⑴ for+一段时间 , 如 :for 2 years; ⑵ since 从句 , 如 since he came here; since+过去时间点名词 , 如 since last year, since 5 days ago. 例 :He has lived here for 6 years. Y ou can keep the book for 5 days.二 . 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词 , 表示不能延续的动作 , 这种动作发生后立即结束。
如 : open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5o'clock;例 : He died 5 years ago.三 . 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:例:He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是 5分钟之前发生的,是过去时。
也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了,这个动作是延续的,要用现在完成时,并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。
下面是一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词,须牢记。
leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have,begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over,join --- be in+组织机构 , be a member of+组织机构 ,open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up,catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here,go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back,fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in,leave --- be away from, get to know --- know,go (get out → be out, put on→ wear ; catch a cold → have a cold等。
完整版)延续性动词与非延续性动词总结(含练习)延续性动词与非延续性动词动词可以按照动作发生的方式和发生过程的长短分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
一、延续性动词表示可以延续的动作,例如:study、learn、work、stand、lie、know、walk、keep、have、wait、watch、sing、read、sleep、live、stay等。
这些动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
延续性动词的用法很广,常见于现在完成时的句子中,且常与for、how long、since等引导表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。
表示时间段的短语包括:1.for + 一段时间,例如:for 2 years、for a long time等;2.since从句,例如:since he came here;3.since + 时间点名词 + ago,例如:since last year、since 5 days ago;4.how long。
二、非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
例如:open、die、close、begin、finish、come、go、move、borrow、lend、buy、move、happen、marry、arrive/reach、post、fall、break、lose、give、join、receive、hear、hear from、e等。
终止性动词也称为瞬间动词或点动词,在肯定句中一般不能与表示一段时间的状语或疑问词连用。
但是在否定句中,瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语或连词连用,这时的含义是好长时间没进行这个动作了,没进行此动作的状态就可以延续。
这类动词可以用于现在完成时态,但由于动作是瞬间完成的,所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。
常见的这类动词包括:go、come、leave、arrive、lose、land、catch、join、kill、find等。
按动作发生的方式,发生过程的长短,可把动词分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
延续性动词:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等,可与一段时间连用,如:for 2 years, since he came here, since last year.非延续性动词:open, close, die, begin, start, finish, come, go, borrow, lend, buy 等,不能与一段时间连用。
但其否定式可以与一段时间连用。
He has lived here for 2 years. 正确He hasn’t received her letter for almost a month. 正确He has left for 2 years. 错误将非延续性动词转化成延续性动词Leave-be awayBorrow-keepBuy- haveBegin,start-be onDie- be deadFinish/end/stop-be overJoin-be in+组织机构Open/close-keep sth open/closedFall ill- be illGet up- be upCatch/get a cold-have a coldFall asleep-be asleepBecome-beCome back-be backGet to/arrive at/reach-be inPut on-wearLose one’s job/work-be out of work/a job 1. A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)动词原形(现在式)过去式过去分词cost cost cost 花费cut cut cut 割,切hit hit hit 打let let let 让put put put 放下read read read 读hurt hurt hurt 伤2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)动词原形(现在式)过去式过去分词beat beat beaten 打3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)动词原形(现在式)过去式过去分词come came come 来become became become 变run ran run 跑4. A ---B ---B型(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read,sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+ 时间,for 2 years;since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; howlong; for a long time等。
例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the bookfor 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay therelast year?二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move,borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
例:I haven't left here for 3years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die--- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, opensth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold ---have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, comeback --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out,put on→wear;catch a cold →have a cold,get married---be married等。
延续性动词和⾮延续性动词⼀.延续性动词和⾮延续性动词:㈠延续性动词:表⽰⼀种可以持续的⾏为过程或状态。
drink喝have有talk说know 知道stand站⽴sleep睡觉sing唱歌wait等wear穿walk⾛work⼯作rain下⾬keep保持snow 下雪eat 吃read读play玩live 居住smoke 抽烟lie躺着stay保持㈡终⽌性动词:(⾮延续性动词),表⽰⾏为或者动作是短暂瞬间完成的。
come来fall倒borrow借admit承认break打破start开始join加⼊buy买jump跳lose丢open打开close关stop结束begin开始go⾛put 放die死hit击中leave离开arrive到达marry结婚㈢两者的⽤法和区别:1.延续性动词可以⽤表⽰⼀段时间的状语修饰,⾮延续动词不可⽤。
How long can I keep the book.这本书我可以借多久?They will work here till next Friday.她们要在这⾥⼯作到下周五。
2.有时,⾮延续性动词也可以与表⽰⼀段时间的时间状语搭配,但这种表⽰⼀段时间的状语,实质上是表⽰⼀段时间内的某个时间“点”。
The play will start in half an hour.这出戏半个⼩时后开始。
The fire broke out during the night.⽕是夜间发⽣的。
3.⾮延续性动词⼀般不⽤于while引导的时间状语从句中。
While I came home, he was cooking dinner. (错)When I came home, he was cooking dinner. (对)4.⽤延续性动词表⽰⼀时的动作,可以在该动词前加get/begin/come.When did you get to know him?你什么时候认识他的?They begin to see that they had made a serious mistake.她们开始认识到⾃⼰犯了⼀个⼤错。
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间, for 2 years;since从句, since he came here;since+时间点名词,since last year,since 5 days ago;how long;for a long time等。
二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out,put on→ wear;catch a cold →have a cold等。
一、延续性动词延续性动词,表示的动作不但可以延续,而且可以产生持久的影响。
常见的这类动词有:b e,h a v e,ke e p,k n o w,l e a r n,l i e,l i v e,re a d,s i n g,s l e e p,s t a n d,s t a y,w a i t,w a l k,w a tc h等。
延续性动词的用法很广,但常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与f o r,h o w,l o n g,s i n c e 等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。
例如:I h a v e l e a r n e d m o re t h a n1000C h i n e s e w o rd s s i n c e I c a m e t o C h i n a.自从来到中国,我已经学会了l千多个汉字。
I h a v e ke p t t h e p i c t u re f o r a b o u t t h re e y e a r s.。
这张画我保存了大约三年二、瞬间性动词瞬间性动词,又称为终止性动词或非延续性动词,它表示的动作不能延续,也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束,并产生某种结果。
常见的这类动词有:a c c e p t,a r r i v e,b ec o m e,b e g i n,b o r ro w,b re a k,b u y,c a tc h,c l o s e,c o m e,d i e,e n d,f a l l,f i n i s h,g e t,g i v e,g o,j o i n,l e a v e,p u t,re a c h,re c e i v e,sh u t,s t a r t,s t o p等。
用在现在完成时要注意下面三点:①瞬间性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。
例如:T h e y h a v e re a c h e d S h a n g h a i.他们已经到达了上海。
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一 . 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 , 如 :learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有 :for+一段时间 , for 2 years; since从句 ,since he came here; since+时间点名词 ,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time 等。
例 :He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?二 . 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词 , 表示不能延续的动作 , 这种动作发生后立即结束。
如 :open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用, 如:two years ago; at 5o'clock;例 :He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
例 :I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.三 . 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构 , be a member of+组织机构 , open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in, leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get out →be out, put on→ wear ; catch a cold→have a cold等。
初中延续性动词变化表以下是一些常用的初中延续性动词及其变化表:1. 动词 eat(吃)现在进行时:am/is/are + eating过去进行时:was/were + eating现在完成进行时:have/has + been + eating2. 动词 play(玩)现在进行时:am/is/are + playing过去进行时:was/were + playing现在完成进行时:have/has + been + playing3. 动词 read(读)现在进行时:am/is/are + reading过去进行时:was/were + reading现在完成进行时:have/has + been + reading4. 动词 walk(走)现在进行时:am/is/are + walking过去进行时:was/were + walking现在完成进行时:have/has + been + walking 5. 动词 swim(游泳)现在进行时:am/is/are + swimming过去进行时:was/were + swimming现在完成进行时:have/has + been + swimming 6. 动词 run(跑)现在进行时:am/is/are + running过去进行时:was/were + running现在完成进行时:have/has + been + running 7. 动词 write(写)现在进行时:am/is/are + writing过去进行时:was/were + writing现在完成进行时:have/has + been + writing 8. 动词 talk(说话)现在进行时:am/is/are + talking过去进行时:was/were + talking现在完成进行时:have/has + been + talking。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。
表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。
如:I have learned English since I came here.2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。
如:It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。
如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get 等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.瞬间动词,也叫终止性、结束性动词。
表示动作的结果,或表示短暂性、一次性的动作。
如:close, leave, buy, join, become, begin, fall(掉下),fall ill(病倒),get to(know), come, go, see, hear, hear from, catch a cold 等。
这类动词可以用于完成时,但在一般情况下,不能加上表示一段时间的状语或疑问词,但是在否定句中,瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语、连词连用,它的含义是好长时间没进行这个动作了,没进行此动作的状态就可以延续。
注意:终止性动词若需要表示一段时间,英语中须用替换词来替换该类动词。
如:come be hereleave be awaydie be deadbegin be onopen be openbuy have hadjoin a member ofarrive be here1、用have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1、be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall (get) ill3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be+awake代wake/wake up6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be+open代open8、be closed代close/shut9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose1“be+on”代start,begin2“be+up”代get up3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to瞬间动词转换为延续性动词的常见的有:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.How long did you stay there last year?二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用,没有发生的事就可以延续下去。
例:I haven't left here for 3 years.I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out,put on→ wear;catch a cold →have a cold等。
例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
一、延续性动词延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续,而且可以产生持久的影响。
常见的这类动词有:be,have,keep,know,learn,lie,live,read,sing,sleep,stand,stay,wait,walk,watch等。
延续性动词的用法很广,但常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与for,how,long,since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。
举例1.I have learned more than 1,000 Chinese words since I came to China.自从来到中国,我已经学会了l,000多个汉字。
2.We have lived in Linqing since we came here.自从来到这儿,我们就一直住在临清。
3.I have kept the picture for about three years.这张画我保存了大约三年。
延续性动词又称持续性动词,它所表示的是一种持续的动作。
延续性动词可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,而非延续性动词不行(1) How long have you had it? 这辆车你买了多久了?[说明] 在英语中,非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
所以我们不说“How long have you bought it?”因为how long 是“多久”的意思,而buy是非延续性动词,二者不相配。