41期(管理)轮大

中华人民共和国海事局2006年第3期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第41期)科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮（本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟）答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。

第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题,每题10分。

一、单项选择题1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______.A. cross-headB. spark plugC. connecting rodD. cylinder2. A diesel engine which is rated for normal operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 RPM, iscommonly classed as a ______.A. slow-speed dieselB. medium-speed dieselC. high-speed dieselD. constant-speed diesel3.Which of the diesel engine components listed increases air density and helps to improve engineoperating efficiency?A. ImpellerB. CompressorC. After-coolerD. Exhaust diffuser4.For a given size engine, the two-stroke/cycle diesel engine will deliver more power than a four-stroke/cycle diesel engine because ______.A. it has a longer power strokeB. more air gets into the cylinder each strokeC. it develops twice as many power strokes at the same speedD. higher combustion pressure is developed5.The intake valves in a diesel engine are reseated by ______.A. cam followersB. push rodsC. combustion gasesD. valve springs6.According to the way the energy of the exhaust gases is utilized, pressure-charging can be dividedinto two main systems, namely, the constant-pressure system and ______.A. the pulse-phase systemB. the pulse Doppler systemC. the pulse systemD. the pulse interval system7.An over-speed safety device is usually fitted to a generator engine for______in the event of over-speed.A. cutting power off the engineB. increasing the fuel pump settingC. braking the crankshaftD. stabilizing the ship speed8.What preventative maintenance should be done frequently to diesel engine starting air receivers?A. Drain the accumulated moisture.B. Test the relief valves.C. Watch the temperature to prevent fluctuations in pressure.D. Clean the interior to remove oil and foreign matter.9.Immediately after any diesel engine is started, the engineer should check the ______.A. crankcase pressureB. lube oil pressureC. seawater pressureD. exhaust temperature 10. A controllable pitch propeller on a diesel driven vessel eliminates the need for ______.A. friction clutchesB. disconnect clutchesC. reversing gearsD. reduction gears11.In motor ship, ______is often used to recover some of the heat carried in the exhaust gases fromthe main engine.A. an diesel oil heaterB. a waste heat boilerC. a fresh water generatorD. a donkey boiler12.An exhaust gas bypass is installed on a waste heat boiler in order to ______.A. bypass exhaust gas at high loads to prevent excessive back pressureB. bypass a portion of the exhaust gas at peak loads for better efficiencyC. recycle exhaust gas to the turbochargerD. minimize moisture condensation in the boiler gas passages at low loads13.Prior to lighting off a cold automatically fired auxiliary boiler, you should ______.A. check and regulate the water levelB. close the air cock once fires are litC. blow down the gage glassD. assure protective steam flow14.Flame failure in an automatically fired auxiliary boiler can mostly result from a/an ______.A. incorrect electrode settingB. incorrect nozzle positionC. clogged fuel nozzleD. broken high tension lead15.Waterside scale in a fire-tube boiler may cause ______.A. increased heat transferB. fireside erosionC. high steam demandD. overheated tubes16.Which of the following will be the advantage of a centrifugal pump as compared with areciprocating pump? I. Its discharge is continuous; II. It has no internal valves; III. Uponaccidental closing of discharge valve, excessive pressure will not build upA. I, IIB. II, IIIC. I, II, IIID. II only17.Why are removable sleeves installed on centrifugal pump shafts?A. They make it easier to replace the pump shaft packing.B. They can be economically replaced as they wear out.C. They can be removed when it is necessary to lighten the weight of the pump.D. They increase the strength of the shaft.18.If one of the bilge system manifold valves does not properly seat, the ______.A. bilge well connected to that valve, plus the second bilge well being pumped will be completelyemptiedB. bilge system will lose vacuum and prevent the other bilges from being pumped outC. bilge well aft connected to that valve will siphon(虹吸) its contents to the forward bilge wellsD. discharge pressure will be too high.19.Which of the listed statements is correct concerning the starting of centrifugal pumps?A. They should always be started with the discharge valve closed.B. They should always be started with the discharge valve opened.C. A priming pump is always required to flood the impeller suction.D. They should always be started with the sealing line valves closed.20.The simplest method to use for determining if a centrifugal pump is operating as designed, is to______.A. closely observe the pump discharge temperatureB. close off the discharge valve, and watch for a rise in pressureC. momentarily close off the suction valve, and watch for a rise in pressureD. use a clamp on ammeter and compare the readings to past records21.Which of the following modes of heat transfer does NOT require any physical contact between awarmer and a cooler substance?A. RadiationB. ConductionC. Natural convectionD. Contact directly22. A re-heater in an air conditioning system functions to ______.A. control inlet air temperatureB. control inlet air volumeC. maintain relative humidity at 15%D. restore conditioned air temperature to a comfortable level23.In a chilled water air conditioning unit using a reciprocating compressor, the refrigerating effectof the primary refrigerant can be increased by ______.A. increasing refrigerant pressure in the coilB. increasing chilled water flow through the coolerC. sub-cooling the refrigerant in the condenserD. superheating the refrigerant in the compressor24.Sludge may form in the lubricating oil crankcase of a reciprocating air conditioning compressoras a result of ______.A. wax precipitation in the lube oilB. contamination by dust, scale, or moistureC. refrigerant bubbles in the lube oilD. refrigerant reducing the lube oil viscosity25.Placing a filter on the ______of an oily water separator will “polish” the discharge butoverloading must be avoided.A. suction sideB. discharge sideC. by-pass pipeD. sampling pipe26.When started, a complete oily water separating unit is first filled ______.The oily water mixtureis then pumped through the inlet pipe into the coarse separating compartment.A. with dirty waterB. with clean waterC. by oily waterD. by mixed water27.Which is the pollution prevention equipment?A. booster pumpB. evaporatorC. incineratorD. cooler28.The ______is used to burn oil sludge.A. clarifierB. oil/water separatorC. incineratorD. distiller29.Most marine biological sewage treatment plants consist of all the following statements except______.A. aeration tanksB. settling tanksC. disinfection agent （消毒剂）D. anaerobic bacteria (厌氧菌)30.For a purifier changing to a gravity disc with smaller hole diameter will move the interfacetowards the ______.A. bowl peripheryB. bowl centerC. upper surfaceD. lower surface31.The ______of the gravity disc is too big. It cause oil to flow through the water outlet. Wechanged the disc and no oil is found in the water outlet.A. gravityB. diameterC. circumferenceD. cylinder32.The advantages of flash type evaporators, as compared to submerged tube type evaporators,include ______.A. less internal corrosion because of lower brine densityB. higher temperature evaporation for lower salinity of the distillate producedC. less scale formation in a flash evaporatorD. less feed-water required for a flash evaporator33.Distilled water from an evaporator may be discharged into a drinking water tank ______.A. through a detachable hose connectionB. after passing through an activated charcoal filterC. after chemical analysis shows it is fit for consumptionD. through a solenoid operated three-way valve34.What type of valve is used to direct the flow of hydraulic fluid?A. relief valveB. direction control valveC. stop valveD. pressure control valve35.In a radial piston pump, reversal and control of fluid flow are accomplished by moving the______.A. central valveB. radial plungerC. floating ringD. cylinder body36.In a general cargo crane, ______is fitted to lift the cargo load.A. the slewing motorB. the luffing motorC. the hoisting motorD. the fan moter37.______are used to handle anchors and chains.A. Cargo winchesB. Mooring winchesC. WindlassesD. Cargo hatches38.The clutch band of a constant tensioning mooring winch must be set up tight enough to drive thewinch drum and should slip only when ______.A. excessive loads are placed on the winchB. minimum pull is being exerted by the winchC. automatic operation of the winch is desiredD. wire is being retrieved at the maximum rate39.Dual (双的)electro-hydraulic steering units usually operate ______.A. with both pumps on line at the same time B．with one pump on standbyC．with the follow-up gear disconnected D．only when the rudder is moved amidships40.One factor that determines the frequency of an alternator is the ______.A. number of turns of wire in the armature coilB. number of magnetic polesC. strength of the magnets usedD. output voltage41.An electrical device which employs a stationary armature and a rotating electromagnetic field isused aboard ship as a ______.A. magnetic amplifierB. ship's service alternatorC. three-wire DC generatorD. saturable core reactor42.Current changing in direction and rising and falling in value is ___ .A. D.C.B. A.C. C. generatorD. fresh water generator43.Equal power factors on paralleled AC generators are maintained by an automatic ______.A. voltage regulatorB. reverse power relayC. reverse current relayD. governor control switch44.______shall be continuously powered and shall have an automatic changeover to a stand bypower supply in case of loss of normal power supply .A. Cooling systemB. Alarm systemC. The air conditioning installationD. The mooring equipment45.Switchboards may be of the dead-front type in which all live parts are installed behind ______andonly the operation handles and instruments are on the frontA. the capstanB. the collectorC. the panelsD. the surface46.The emergency generator or emergency battery is connected to ______on most ships.A. distribution boardsB. section boardsC. emergency switch boardsD. main switch boards47.The primary function of an electric motor is to ______.A. develop torqueB. generate high voltagesC. produce a magnetic fieldD. generate high electrical resistance48.Electrical leads and insulation on a motor should be painted with ______.A. heat-resisting acrylicB. heat-resisting aluminumC. insulating varnishD. insulating white lead49. A circuit breaker and a fuse have a basic similarity in that they both ______.A. can be reset to energize the circuitB. should open the circuit when overloadedC. will burn out when an over current flow developsD. should short the circuit when overloaded50.Electric circuits are protected against short circuits by means of a/an _______.A. diode(二极管)B. amplifierC. circuit breakerD. capacitor51.The electrolyte in a lead-acid storage battery consists of distilled water and ______.A. hydrogen chlorideB. calcium chlorideC. sulfuric acidD. muriatic acid52.When under maneuvering conditions with the machinery being manually operated the control unitor console should be ___.A. automatically controlledB. off powerC. continuously mannedD. continuously unmanned53.______is a precaution which contributes to avoiding trouble under normal operating conditions.A. Constant inspectionB. Keeping constant loadC. Remaining constant temperatureD. Varying speed54.After “F.W.E.” is given, the air system is shut down, the ______gear put in, all drains andindicator cocks opened, and the cooling water kept running.A. steeringB. timingC. turningD. running55. A tank which has been sealed for a long period of time can be dangerous because ______.A. steel surfaces consume oxygen by rustingB. sealed tanks usually form a vacuumC. moisture condenses in the tank, displacing the oxygenD. most tank coatings give off poisonous vapors in the presence of moisture56. A class 'C' fire is burning ______.A. diesel oilB. magnesiumC. dunnageD. electrical insulation57.To prevent the spread of fire by conduction, you should ______.A. close all openings to the areaB. remove combustibles from direct exposureC. cool the bulkheads around the fireD. shut off all electric power 58.The lengthening of a crack formed in the shell plating of a ship may be prevented by ______.A. welding brackets across both ends of the crackB. chipping out and slot welding the entire crackC. drilling a hole at each end of the crackD. cutting a square notch at each end of the crack59.After a fire has been extinguished in a closed space, personnel may safely enter the space when______.A. smoke density has been decreased sufficiently to see the bulkhead opposite the compartment'sentranceB. a lifeline and explosion proof flash light are usedC. all smoke and toxic fumes are removed and an adequate oxygen supply is presentD. overhaul has been completed to remove any possible source of re-ignition60.While loading bunkers, you notice oil on the water near the vessel. What should you do first?A. Stop loadingB. Notify the harbor administration.C. Determine if the vessel is the source of the pollution.D. Start the main engine and put them in gear to disperse the spill.61.To anneal (退火)a copper gasket, you should heat the gasket _______.A. and quench it in oilB. cherry red and quench in waterC. and let it cool slowly in the airD. and carbonize it62.When a vessel is in dry-dock, the vessel's engineers should ______.A. examine the condition of the propellerB. chip and paint all hull protection zincsC. install new docking plugs in all cofferdamsD. inspect the hull for hogging or sagging63.The additional mark ______in the Classification Certificate for Machinery represents thatpersonnel are watching at engine assembly control station and monitoring all machinery andelectronic devices.A. BRCB. MCCC. AUT-0D. AUT-164.Which of the following operations must be entered on the Oil Record Book Part I?I. Routine discharge at sea of bilge water containing oil from the machinery spacesII. Bunkering of fuel oilA. I onlyB. II onlyC. both I and IID. neither I nor II65.Your ship’s certificates show that you did not do renewing work for certificate. All certificateshave expired a few days before. Thus, your ship is ______.It follows therefore that she will______.A. seaworthy / be fined in our portB. un-seaworthy/ be disassembled in our portC. seaworthy / be assembled in our portD. un-seaworthy / be detained in our port66.“Insufficiency of manning or insufficiency of certification of seafarers” is an identification of a______.A. substandard shipB. standard shipC. over-standard shipD. reference ship67.When deciding the composition of the engineering watch, which may include _____appropriately,many factors shall be taken into account.A. satisfied engineersB. qualified ratingsC. satisfied chief engineerD. qualified chief engineer68.The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall notify the chief engineer withoutdelay______.A. in any emergency or if in any doubt as to what decision or measures to takeB. in the event of any impending action in ma chinery spaces that may cause reduction in ship’sspeedC. when isolating and bypassing machinery to be worked onD. co-operating with any engineer in charge of maintenance work69.At an unsheltered anchorage the chief engineer shall consult with ______whether or not tomaintain an underway watch.A. the engineer officer in charge of watchB. the deck officer in charge of watchC. the masterD. the chief mate70.The term "moderate speed" was previously interpreted as meaning a speed which would enable avessel ______within half the range of visibility.A. stoppingB. being stoppedC. to stopD. to be stopped71.One of the methods NOT usually allowed in cleaning up oil spills in the United States is ______.A. skimmersB. strawC. dispersantsD. sawdust72.The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of allinternational treaties concerning the ______ of merchant ships.A. pollutionB. economizationC. efficiencyD. safety73.The Company should ensure that the master is fully ______with the Company's SMS.A. familiarB. understandC. conversationD. confused74.______means the level for which minimum appropriate protective security measures shall bemaintained at all times, threats and exchanging such information with appropriate Contracting Governments.A. Security level 1B. Security level 2C. Security level 3D. Security level 4二. 关联题（关联题题干下有4个小题，每小题4个选项）With many small package boilers, the automatic control sequence usually ensures that the boiler fire is initially ignited from a diesel oil supply, and changed over to the usual source when ignition is completed. With good management, to facilitate subsequent starting from cold, the fuel system of large boilers will have been flushed through with diesel oil when the boiler was on light duty immediately prior to being secured. When burning such diesel fuel it is essential for safety that only the correct (small) burner tip should be used. It should be kept in mind that if fire does not light, immediately shut off fuel and vent furnace.Complete ignition of fuel in the furnace is essential. The burner flame, the smoke indicator and the funnel should be frequently observed. With satisfactory combustion, the flame should appear in candescent （白热的）with an orange shade at the flame tip, and a faint brownish haze should show at the funnel. If on first ignition the flame is uncertain, badly shaped and separates from the primary swirler, momentary opening or closing of air register may correct. 75. Small package boilers will use _______ while being lit up.A. the usual source of oilB. fuel oilC. diesel oilD. mixture of fuel oil and diesel oil76. After large boilers being secured, the fuel in the feeding line will be____.A. the usual source of oilB. fuel oilC. diesel oilD. mixture of fuel oil and diesel oil77. If large boilers were not lit up, _____.A. feed water to normal levelB. stop fuel supply immediately and purge the furnaceC. light the boiler againD. reset the burner78. An indication for a good combustion is ______.A. white smokeB. brown haze in the funnelC. orange flame tipD. swirl oil spray三、中译英（共2题，请将答案写在答题纸上）79. 船舶加油期间，如发现船舶附近水面有油或发生溢油事故，都应立即停止加油作业。

一、广西省表1：主要树种主伐和更新采伐年龄表单位：年2013-07《广西壮族自治区林木采伐管理办法》二、湖南省表2：主要树种主伐和更新采伐年龄表单位：年注：杉、松速生丰产林亩均蓄积8立方米以上，才能适用本表速生丰产林主伐年龄。

2011-07《湖南省林木采伐伐区调查设计技术规定》三、贵州省1．公益林更新采伐年龄，按照大于《森林采伐更新管理办法》规定的用材林主伐年龄1-2个龄级执行（见表3）。

表3：公益林主要树种更新年龄注：详见《森林采伐作业规程》主要树种的更新年龄规定2．商品林中的用材林主伐年龄，严格按照《森林采伐更新管理办法》规定的各树种主伐年龄执行；工业原料林包括速生丰产用材林、短轮伐期用材林，按我省人工林采伐管理有关规定执行（见表4）。

表4：人工用材林主要树种主伐年龄注：详见《贵州省森林资源规划设计调查技术操作细则》主要树种的成熟林年龄规定2012-05《贵州省编制"十二五"期间年森林采伐限额技术方案》四、四川省公益林更新采伐年龄，按照大于《森林采伐更新管理办法》规定的用材林主伐年龄1个龄级执行。

国有林：用材林主伐年龄严格按照《森林采伐更新管理办法》规定的各树种主伐年龄执行；短轮伐期用材林主伐年龄按四川省标准执行。

详见表5、6。

非国有林：地方有通过论证的用材林、短轮伐期用材林主伐年龄，需报经省厅审查认定方可使用，否则使用表5、6参数。

表5：主要树种参考主伐年龄表单位：年注：1、未编制森林经营方案的地区可参照此表确定主伐年龄。

2、未列出树种参照表中相近生物学特性树种确定表6:短轮期用材林参考主伐年龄表单位：年2009—06《四川省“十二五”期间年森林采伐限额编制操作细则》五、陕西省生态公益林的更新采伐，其采伐年龄要比《森林采伐更新管理办法》规定同树种的主伐年龄大二个龄级。

表7：主要树种主伐年龄表2012—05《陕西省十二五”期间年森林采伐限额编制实施细则》六、湖北省表8 主要树种主伐年龄表2007—04《湖北省森林采伐技术规程》七、云南省一、龄级与龄组乔木林林分的龄级与龄组根据优势树种（组）的平均年龄确定。

中华人民共和国海事局2006年第3期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题（总第41期）科目：航海学试卷代号：913适用对象：无限航区3000总吨及以上船舶二/三副(本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间100分钟)答题说明：本试卷试题均为单项选择题，请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。

每题1分，共100分。

1. 航海上进行精度较高的计算时，通常将地球当作：A. 圆球体B. 椭圆体C. 椭球体D. 不规则几何体2. 纬度是以______作为基准线计量的。

A. 赤道B. 等纬圈C. 格林经线D. 测者经线3. 已知到达点经度λ2＝006°18＇.0E，两地间的经差Dλ＝12°12＇.0E，则起航点经度λ1为：A. 005°54＇.0EB. 018°30＇.0EC. 005°54＇.0WD. 018°30＇.0W4. 从海图上查得GPS船位修正的说明中有“Latitude 1＇.10 Southward，Longitude 0＇.40Eastward”字样。

GPS的经、纬度读数为：30°40＇. 2S，15°12＇. 5W。

则用于海图上定位的数据应为：A. 30°41＇. 3S，15°12＇. 9WB. 30°41＇. 3S，15°12＇. 1WC. 30°39＇. 2S，15°12＇. 3WD. 30°40＇. 0S，15°11＇. 5W5. 罗经点方向ENE换算成圆周方向为：A. 067°.5B. 079°.75C. 056°.25D. 033°.756. 真航向是：A. 船舶航行的方向B. 船首尾线的方向C. 船首向D. 船舶航行时真北至船首尾线的夹角7. 某船陀罗航向140°，陀罗差1°E，测得某物标真方位080°，则该物标舷角为：A. 61°B. 060°C. 299°D. 300°8. 某船罗航向045°，该地磁差2°W，罗经自差1°E，该船左正横物标真方位为：A. 314°B. 316°C. 135°D. 134°9. 某轮由赤道起沿子午线向北航行，计程仪读数差为720＇，计程仪改正率△L=0%，不考虑外界影响和航行等误差，则实际到达点的纬度______。

第41卷第4期宇航学报Vol.41 No.4 2020 年 4 月Journal of Astronautics April 2020CE-4中继卫星使命轨道维持与动量轮卸载联合控制方法马传令u，刘勇|>2,陈明u，刘蟲u，梁伟光1(1.北京航天飞行控制中心，北京1〇〇〇94;2.航天飞行动力学重点实验室，北京1_94)摘要：针对嫦娥四号中继卫星动量轮频繁喷气卸载对其使命轨道H alo轨道的扰动问题，定性分析了卫星角 动量累积规律和动量轮卸载对使命轨道构型的影响，给出了动量轮卸载前后角动量变化量与喷气卸载等效速度增 量的关系,在角动量卸载预测的基础上，提出了一种使命轨道维持与动量轮卸载联合控制方法，通过偏置维持控制 目标抵消控后动量轮卸载影响，达到延长轨道维持控制周期和节省推进剂的目的，给出了控制目标偏置量的求解 方法。

工程应用结果验证了方法的有效性。

关键词：嫦娥四号中继卫星；H alo轨道；动量轮卸载；轨道机动；联合控制；偏置优化；太阳光压中图分类号：V l l;V412.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-1328(2020)04-0389-09DOI ：10. 3873/j. issn. 1000-1328.2020. 04. 002A Combined Control Method of Chang? e-4 Relay Satellite' sMission Orbit-Keeping Maneuver and Momentum Wheel UnloadingMA Chuan-ling1'2,LIU Yong1'2,CHEN Ming1'2,LIU Lei1'2,LIANG Wei-guang1(1. Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, C h i n a； 2. K e y Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, Beijing 100094, China)A b stra c t：To solve the problem of the unexpected disturbance to the Halo orbit of the Chang' e-4 relay satellite causedby the frequent momentum wheel unloading under the control of thrust, the influence of the momentum wheel unloading on the mission-orbit configuration and momentum cumulative rules are analyzed qualitatively, and the mathematic relationship between the amount of momentum change and velocity increment is given. Based on the prediction of the momentum unloading time and variation, a combined control method of the mission orbit-keeping maneuver and momentum wheel unloading is put forward. Through optimizing the configuration-keeping objective offset of the Halo orbit, a goal of eliminating the adverse effects of the momentum wheel unloading on the orbit configuration is achieved, with a longer orbit­keeping period and less fuel consumption, and besides a solution method of the control objective offset is given. The experimental results on the measured profiles verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.Key w o rd s：Chang’relay satellite; Halo orbit；Momentum wheel unloading；Orbit maneuver；Combined control；Offset optimization；Sunlight pressure〇引言动量轮是现代卫星姿态控制系统的代表性执行 机构。

大型汽轮发电机定子槽楔松动原因分析与处理发布时间：2022-12-13T05:34:39.582Z 来源：《中国科技信息》2022年16期作者：刘宗凯唐芳轩[导读] 介绍了某670MW机组发电机定子线棒在槽内的绝缘结构，分析了造成定子槽楔松动的原因刘宗凯唐芳轩（中核核电运行管理有限公司浙江海盐 314300）摘要：介绍了某670MW机组发电机定子线棒在槽内的绝缘结构，分析了造成定子槽楔松动的原因，阐述了更换发电机定子波纹板的方法和判断槽楔是否松动的标准，并对发电机的检修提出了建议。

关键词：定子线棒；槽楔；波纹板；峰谷差；硬度1引言新技术和高性能绝缘材料的应用提高和改进了发电机绝缘水平，随着单机容量的不断增大，定子电流也不断增大，定子线棒受到的交变槽电动力随之增大。

因此，优良的主绝缘结构和槽内固定工艺，对预防事故有着至关重要的意义。

实践证明，机组投入运行后，发电机定子槽楔松动的情况较为普遍，槽楔松动后，线棒槽部电动力会使定子线棒发生电磁振动，引起定子线棒与槽壁间，定子线棒绝缘材料之间，定子上、下层线棒之间发生位移，产生机械磨损，从而造成绝缘损坏，加速线棒绝缘老化，严重时会造成槽内放电、接地故障或铁芯烧损事故，威胁发电机的安全运行。

槽楔松动后必须在现场重打，更换槽楔和波纹板。

本文介绍了大型汽轮发电机定子线棒在定子槽中的绝缘结构，分析了造成槽楔松动的主要原因，阐明了更换波纹板的方法、注意事项和判断槽楔松紧度的标准，对发电机运行维修具有一定指导意义。

2定子线棒结构定子线棒是通过槽楔将波纹板、绝缘垫条和滑移层压紧后，将定子线棒固定在槽内。

槽楔压紧和固定线棒，槽楔测量孔用来测量波纹板的峰谷差（平直度），波纹板是增加压紧定子线棒的弹力，并通过其峰谷差来判断槽楔的松紧度，波纹板下的垫条用来调节波纹板峰谷差，垫条下的滑移层是减小定子线棒在槽内伸缩产生的磨擦力，降低对线棒绝缘的磨损；定子上下层线棒间有匝间绝缘、层压板、温度测量元件。

海船船员考试：船舶管理(大管轮)题库四1、单项选择题（江南博哥）热喷涂工艺作为修复工艺可以修复（）等的零件。

A.磨损、腐蚀B.裂纹C.断裂D.变形答案：A2、单项选择题船舶机械良好的可维修性从其（）进行判断。

I.不需加工，II.修理时间短，III.修理费用低，IV.修理费用高，V.对工艺、人员要求低A.I+II+III+VB.II+III+IV+VC.II+III+VD.I+III+V答案：C3、单项选择题关于燃油粘度对柴油机工作的影响，说法错误的是（）A.粘度小，柱塞偶件磨损减少B.粘度小，柱塞偶件润滑不良C.粘度大，燃油雾化不良D.粘度大，油在管路中流动性差答案：A4、单项选择题以（）为基础进行的故障诊断称为信息故障诊断.A.状态变化B.特征参数C.状态信息D.知识经验答案：C5、问答题原油洗舱有哪些优越性？其系统包括哪些设备？答案：1减少对海洋的污染2减少货油含水量3减小舱内构件腐蚀4缩短洗本题解析：试题答案1减少对海洋的污染2减少货油含水量3减小舱内构件腐蚀4缩短洗舱时间5残余货油量减少，卸油效果提高1惰性气体系统2固定式洗舱机3原油洗舱泵4扫舱系统5管路系统6油位测量装置和通信联络设备6、单项选择题柴油机气缸处于往复运动、高温、高压等非常苛刻的工作条件，因此对气缸油的要求很高，下列（）针对汽缸油工作条件的。

Ⅰ、润滑性能要好，即有良好的油性及扩散性Ⅱ、燃烧后沉积物要尽可能的少Ⅲ、中和性能要好Ⅳ、清净分散性能要好Ⅴ、足够的承载能力A、Ⅰ～ⅢB、Ⅱ+Ⅲ+ⅣC、Ⅰ～ⅣD、Ⅰ～Ⅴ答案：C7、单项选择题自然界中，任何高于（）的物体都是辐射源.A.0℃B.20℃C.－20℃D.－273℃答案：D8、单项选择题按船规要求，无限航区的船舶主柴油机排气阀的备件至少配备一个气缸排气阀总量的（）。

A.2套B.1/2套C.由船东决定D.1套答案：A9、单项选择题对液压油的特殊要求是（）A.良好的抗氧化安定性B.良好的抗磨性C.不得含有产生气体的杂质D.凝点要低答案：C10、单项选择题在油液监测技术中，能够对污染物的尺寸、形貌进行定性定量分析的方法是（）A.光谱分析B.铁谱分析C.理化性能分析D.颗粒计数答案：B11、单项选择题柴油机运转时，进气阀开、排气阀关，活塞从上止点往下运动，则该缸处于（）。

题组层级快练(四十一)1．(2018·德宏高二期中)读下图“四省区轮廓图”，其中“高山族、维吾尔族、壮族、傣族”在下列主要分布省区中，排列正确的一组是()A．①②③④B．①④②③C．③④①②D．③①②④答案 D解析根据四省区轮廓形状特点，可以判断①是新疆，②是广西，③是台湾，④是云南。

其中“高山族、维吾尔族、壮族、傣族”主要分布省区依次是台湾、新疆、广西、云南，所以正确的排列顺序是③①②④。

(2018·辽宁省实验中学高二期中)下图是我国甲、乙两省(区)人口分布示意图，读图完成2、3题。

2．甲、乙两省(区)可能是()A．辽宁、山东B．湖南、宁夏C．新疆、四川D．西藏、内蒙古3．影响甲、乙两省(区)人口分布的主要自然因素可能是() A．甲省气候、乙省地形B．甲省地形、乙省水源C．甲省水源、乙省地形D．甲省气候、乙省植被答案 2.C 3.C解析第2题，根据图示信息甲图人口稀疏，可排除辽宁、山东与湖南。

新疆与西藏人口稀疏，人口沿绿洲或河谷呈带状分布。

图示乙省人口分布东部多，西部少，且东部人口十分稠密，排除内蒙古的可能性；四川西部为川西高原和山地，人口稀疏，东部为成都平原，人口稠密。

第3题，结合上题结论，甲为新疆、乙为四川，新疆突出自然地理特征是气候干旱，水源短缺；四川西部的高原、山地海拔高，地势起伏大，人口稀少；东部成都平原，古来就有“天府之国”美誉。

下图为“我国某区域简图”，读图回答第4题。

4．图中最大的山脉走向大致与下列哪个山脉一致()A．大兴安岭B．祁连山C．秦岭D．横断山脉答案 C解析依据图中指向标，可判断图中两侧河流分别向北和南流，则图中山脉走向总体上是东西方向。

四个备选项中大兴安岭是东北—西南走向、祁连山是西北—东南走向、秦岭是东西走向、横断山脉是南北走向，故C项正确。

(2017·江西赣中南五校4月联考)下表是我国东部地区四地的气候资料，据表回答5、6题。

地区①②③④年平均气温(℃) 11.6 23.5 2.6 16.3≥10 ℃积温(℃) 4 140 8 200 2 800 6 500年降水量(mm) 683 1 980 538 1 3505.表中四地最有可能位于()A．①地——华北平原B．②地——云贵平原C．③地——塔里木盆地D．④地——海南省6．表中①地区农业发展的主要不利条件和主要农作物是() A．热量不足；春小麦B．水源短缺；棉花C．光照不足；水稻D．降水少；甜菜答案 5.A 6.B解析第5题，四地位于我国东部，可排除③地位于塔里木盆地；从年降水量可判断①位于秦岭—淮河以北，从积温值看属于暖温带，则①地可能位于华北平原；积温值显示②地位于热带，云贵高原属于亚热带，且由于地势高而年平均气温较低，则B错误；依此也可判断D 错误。

4201、船舶的配置与其船舶性质、用途有关, 现代大型豪华邮轮尺度大、航速高, 除对推动装置在航速上的规定外, 还规定：Ⅰ、强大的电能供居住和娱乐Ⅱ、有足够的备用和反复设立Ⅲ、大功率侧推器Ⅳ、限制机舱安排 (202382:第03章船舶推动动力装置:19)A.Ⅰ+Ⅱ+ⅣB.Ⅱ+Ⅲ+ⅣC.Ⅰ~ⅣD.Ⅰ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ4202、汽轮机动力装置的优点是: Ⅰ、运转平稳、振动少、噪声小Ⅱ、单机功率大Ⅲ、燃用劣质油成本低Ⅳ、功率范围覆盖面大Ⅴ、磨擦、磨损小 (202383:第03章船舶推动动力装置:20)A.Ⅰ+ⅡB.Ⅰ~ⅤC.Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ+ⅤD.Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅴ4203、采用柴油机—电力推动的船舶在其配置上重要特点之一是: (202384:第03章船舶推动动力装置:21)A.电动机驱动调距桨B.采用喷水前进C.柴油机无需换向装置D.电动机驱动定距桨4204、可靠性是指_____在规定的条件下和规定期间内, 完毕规定功能的能力。

(202385:第03章船舶推动动力装置:22)A.产品B.系统C.机械D.设备4205、在使用管理方面, 取得动力装置可靠性的先决条件是: (202386:第03章船舶推动动力装置:23)A、提高管理人员水平, 做好维护保养B.按船规规定备妥备件C.监造时,按船规把好质量把关D.提高材料质量4206、在使用管理方面, 取得动力装置可靠性的有力保证是: (202387:第03章船舶推动动力装置:24)A.监造时,按船规把好质量把关B.按船规备妥备件C.备件固定方式要便于取用D.提高轮机管理人员的水平4207、在使用管理方面, 提高动力装置可靠性的重要措施是: (202388:第03章船舶推动动力装置:25)A.监造时,按船规把好质量把关B.设计时留有必要的储备C.备件固定方式要便于取用D.提高轮机管理人员的水平4208、某船在船速为10m/s时, 受到的阻力为500KN, 则船舶有效功率是 KW： (202389:第03章船舶推动动力装置:26)A. 500B. 1000C. 5000D. 100004209、船舶每海里燃油消耗量Gn是考虑了: Ⅰ、主机自身的性能Ⅱ、动力装置自身经济性Ⅲ、船舶航行性能 (202390:第03章船舶推动动力装置:27)A.Ⅰ+ⅢB.Ⅱ+ⅢC.仅仅是ⅢD.仅仅是Ⅰ4210、对动力装置而言, 可靠性的规定期间是指： (202391:第03章船舶推动动力装置:28)A.动力装置工作时间B.一般取二次大修间隔时间C.主机说明书规定的维护周期D.连续工作的时间4211、动力装置的可靠性在质量指标中占_____地位, 他是贯彻其他指标的前提, 并且_____其他指标的优劣。