高考英语二轮专题复习定语从句导学案20170507148.doc
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定语从句【考纲解读】根据考纲要求,考生应做到:1.熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句;2.区分限制性和非限制性定语从句;3. 定语从句中的主谓一致;4. which与that的区别;as与which的区别;whose与of which的转换。
【预习导学】一、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who, whom, whose引导的定语从句(1)who 或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom在从句中作宾语;两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。
作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that 可以省略。
①I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school___________________I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。
②I have many friends to __________ I’m going to send post ca rds.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。
(2)whose表所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。
指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于of whom。
The school shop, _____________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生,放假时商店关门。
2.that, which引导的定语从句(1)which指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语,也可作定语,作宾语时可以省略。
that指人或物均可,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum ____________ had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
(2)限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that 不用which的情况:①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。
I refuse to accept the blame for something ___________ was someone else’s fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。
The only part of the meal _________ I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
They will never forget the things and persons ________ they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况:①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。
The boy was away from home for a week, _________ worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。
②当从句中的介词提前,构成“介词+关系代词”结构时。
We live in an age _________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。
3.as引导的定语从句(1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“so/such/the same+先行词+as ...”结构中。
Suc h machines _______ are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
名师指津:which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s longheld dreams come true.(2013•安徽高考单选)莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。
(2)as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句,定语从句说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。
常用的这种类似插入语的句式有:as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。
“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ________ the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样:“人不可貌相。
”二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.where 引导的定语从句where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词in/at/on ...+which”。
Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, ____________ you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京高考单选)=Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, __________ you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗大教堂,你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。
名师指津:当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
2.when 引导的定语从句when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...+which”结构。
I am looking forward to the day __________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014·湖南高考单选)我正期盼那一天的到来,那时我女儿可以读这本书,并且了解我对她的感情。
3.why引导的定语从句why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词for+which”结构。
Do you know the reaso n ________________ he didn’t attend the meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗?名师指津:非限制性定语从句中,常用for which 表示原因而不用why。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们,为此我没有去开会。
三、“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句1.介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。
另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。
一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:(1)先行词的意思(2)从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配(3)句子的意思①Trading leather shoes is the business __________ the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。
(be devoted to “献身,致力于”)②Care of the soul is a gradual proce ss ____________ even the small details of life should be considered.(2012·湖南高考单选)心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程,在这一过程中,即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。
③Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price___________ (=_________ price) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。
2.“of+关系代词”引导的定语从句在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。
He had a lot of friends, none __________ would offer help to him when he was in trouble.他有许多朋友,但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。
3.“介词+where”引导的定语从句有时“介词+whe re”可以引导定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
His head soon appeared out of the window, from __________ he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。