高考英语二轮综合复习专题- -定语从句

核心考点十一定语从句——使先行词更准确,【考向聚焦】定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。

主要考点有：①关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；②关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)；③“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；④as引导的非限制性定语从句。

1．(2013·北京，27)Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.A．when B．which C．whose D．where解析考查定语从句。

定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词，先行词指地点，故选where。

答案 D2．(2013·福建，27)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.A．whose B．that C．who D．which解析考查定语从句。

其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。

答案 A3．(2013·湖南，21)Happiness and success often come to those________are good at recognizing their own strengths.A．whom B．who C．what D．which解析考查定语从句。

先行词为those，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。

答案 B4．(2013·江苏，22)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A．where B．which C．what D．when解析考查定语从句。

定语从句知识点归纳讲解一、定语从句以及相关术语★定义：定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。

★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。

★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

也可以称作引导词。

①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。

②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。

★分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

二、定语从句的关系词(引导词)用法（一）关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语which物主语、宾语that人/物主语、宾语、表语as人/物主语、宾语、表语语等。

as和which引导非限制性定语从句中都能指代整句内容，which译为“这”，as 译为“正如”。

但定语从句位于句首时只能用as。

As we all know,…/As is known to all,…（正如大家所知道....）（二）关系副词：where, when, why关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词(reason)原因状语的地点,其后常由where引导。

▲The reason why...is that... 。

的原因是。

三、非限制性定语从句非限定性定语从句，从句式上看，有逗号隔开。

它既可以修饰先行词，也可修饰整个句子。

它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。

1.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that2. 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。

例如：I had told them the reason，for which I didn’t attend the meeting.3. 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。

2012届高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法部分之定语从句定语从句是由先行词+关系代词/关系副词引导的从句构成。

所谓的先行词，其实就是汉语中被修饰的中心词。

我们称它为先行词，是因为它的位置跟汉语中的位置是不一样的。

一般来说汉语句子中喜欢把把作修饰的定语成分放在被修饰的中心词之前。

而英语中，如果是单个形容词修饰，可以放在中心词之前；如果是短语或句子（从句），则要放在他们所修饰的中心词之后，也就是说要后置。

也就是这样的结构，中心词+句子（作定语成分起修饰作用）。

入乡随俗，人家英国人对此有自己的称呼，“中心词”----先行词，因为放在修饰成分之前。

（先锋官）；“句子（作定语成分起修饰作用）”，被称为定语从句。

先行词可以是单个名词，名词短语，或者是句子。

关系代词： that (表人, 表物，在从句中作主语或宾语)；who (表人, 在从句中作主语)；whom (表人, 在从句中作宾语)which (表物，在从句中作主语或宾语)whose (从句中作定语)关系副词： when (表时间); where(表地点)定语从句是复合句的一种。

复合句就是由两个或以上的句子组成，当然其中有组合规则，即所谓的语法规则。

I have a goose. The goose lays eight gold eggs every day.我有一只鹅。

这只鹅每天下8个金蛋。

我有一只每天下8个金蛋的鹅。

I have a goose the goose lays eight eggs every day. ( F )I have a goose that/which lays eight eggs every day. ( T )Is he the man who/that wants to see you?He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.The man who told me this refused to give me his name．The book is about a girl who falls in love with an ugly but talented boy.The noise that he made woke everybody up．She was annoyed by something that I had said．定语从句分为：限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句。

高考英语二轮专题复习语法十一、定语从句诊断与对策Ⅰ.选择方框内的词填空when，that，which，why，where，who1.For those ____ study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，self­awareness is an important measurement.2.The other was a very old and dilapidated one，______ had seen many years of service，but was now past its best.3.The police have moved into areas _______ trouble is expected.4.There isn’t a moment _____ I’m not thinking of you.5.I hate the way ____ you never look at me when you speak to me.6.There must be a reason ___ no one has replied to our message.Ⅱ.单项填空1.The population of the village near sea，_______，are making their efforts to develop economy of their own.A.nearly seventy percent of which depend on fishingB.of which nearly seventy percent depends on fishingC.nearly seventy percent of whom depends on fishingD.of whom nearly seventy percent depend on fishing解析句意为：海边附近的村民，他们中近70%靠捕鱼为生，正在努力发展自己的经济。

高考英语二轮语法巩固-《定语从句》专题讲练【正误比对】误区之一关系代词that与which的误用(1)【误】All the books which were borrowed from the library must be returned on time.【正】All the books that were borrowed from the library must be returned on time. [分析] which改为that。

当定语从句的先行词被all, some, any, no, few等修饰时,关系代词用that。

句意:所有从图书馆借出的书必须按时归还。

(2)【误】He lives in the room, the window of that faces the south.【正】He lives in the room, the window of which faces the south.[分析] that 改为which。

在“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句中,指物时,关系代词用which不用that;指人时,关系代词用whom不用which。

表示所有格关系时,一律用whose,the window of which相当于whose window。

(3)【误】Dinner starts with a small dish, that is often called a starter.【正】Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter.[分析] that 改为which。

在非限制性定语从句中,用which而不用that。

误区之二关系代词与关系副词的误用(1)【误】I still remember the days when I spent with farmers in the countryside. 【正】I still remember the days (that/which) I spent with farmers in the countryside. [分析] when改为that/which。

1．(2014·安徽省合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)We stayed at the Park Hotel last weekend，______ a friend of ours recommended to us.A．when B．thatC．where D．which解析本题考查的是定语从句，关键在于要找出这个定语从句的先行词，本句的先行词是the Park Hotel，在后面的定语从句，动词recommend后面缺宾语，所以使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。

不能使用that，因为that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

句意：我们上个周末住在了the Park Hotel，这是我的一个朋友向我们推荐的。

A、C项是关系副词，不能在句中做宾语。

故D正确。

答案 D2．(2014·北京市西城区高三5月二模试题)Paris has some great museums ________ visitors can see fine works of impressionist painters.A．where B．whichC．that D．when解析本题中的定语从句的先行词是some great museums，后面定语从句visitors can see fine works of impressionist painters的主谓宾的句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词来引导，因为先行词是指地点的名词，所以使用where。

句意：巴黎有很多在里面游客可以看到有名的画家的作品的博物馆。

故A正确。

答案 A3．(2014·山东日照市高三校际联合检测)The movie is adapted from a novel，________ author I can't remember now.A．which B．whereC．what D．whose解析本题定语从句的先行词是a novel，后面的定语从句author I can't remember now 中的名词author缺少定语修饰，使用whose在从句中作定语，修饰name，代指“小说的”。

学习资料高考英语二轮复习定语从句考点讲解含解析班级：科目：定语从句知识点一、定语从句与并列句的区别请观察下面三个句子：1．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, ______ disappointed his mother.2．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination and ______ disappointed his mother。

3．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination; ______ disappointed his mother。

第一句话:句中有逗号，根据句意可知，空白处的内容应该指的是前面整个句子的内容，是对前文信息的补充说明，因此,此句是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which；第二句话：句中有并列连词and，因此整个句子是一个并列句，所以可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。

第三句话：句中有分号，这表明整个句子是一个并列句，因此可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。

【解题技巧】判断是定语从句还是并列句，要注意句中的标点符号和句中的连接词。

如果句与句之间有连词或者分号，则是并列句;如果是逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则是非限制性定语从句，应该使用关系词.知识点二、“介词＋关系代词"引导的定语从句中介词的选择“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择是一个常考点，也是一个难点。

请看下面三个句子,填上合适的介词，并从中发现一些规律。

1．He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ which he went on to Cambridge.2．This is the farm ______ which he worked two years ago。

年高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。

对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。

whom也指人，却只能做宾语。

which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。

关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。

该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。

故选D。

考点2：that与which，who，whom的用法区别A.that和which的用法区别:在定语从句中，关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。

但在下列情况下值得注意：只能用that而不能用which的情形(1)当先行词为：all, little, few, much, none,及some-, any-, no-, every-,与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。

如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 没有事情会阻止我们进步。

(2)当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。

如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。

(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。

如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。

(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。

如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。

2020届二轮复习(十三) 定语从句定语从句必备知识1．定语从句在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。

定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

(定语从句作后置定语)2．先行词被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是：(1)一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)This is the place which is worth visiting.这是值得参观的地方。

He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

(2)一个短语Many life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题，是现在的大家庭无力解决的。

(3)一个分句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为，语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。

这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。

(4)一个完整的句子I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我立即乘出租车把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。