大学体验英语6级答案

202X年12月大学英语六级考试试题及答案详解202X年12月大学英语六级考试试题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前高校排名相当盛行;2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一;3. 在我看来……My Views on University RankingPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing〞 back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noti ced that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis〞, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rushto introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers’ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%.On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe’s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old〞countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will notbe the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America’s CSIS, in a thoughtful book c alled The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world’s defence effort. Because America’s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).Ask me in 202XThere is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act.But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly: “We don’t really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet. “注意：此局部试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Unit 1 Good evening and welcome to ...V ocabulary TaskScript and Answers1. A: May I have your attention, please? Thank you for coming. We‟re very glad you could make it. Tonight we are celebrating an agreement between A&A Limited and M&N Technologies, Incorporated to participate in a joint venture. ... and so it is an honor to introduce Mr. Tony Blair, president of A&A Limited.B: Thank you, Dr. Lawrence. It‟s a pleasure to be here. Ladies and Gentlemen, we at A&A are also excited about ...A: Thanks a lot Mr. Blair for a remarkable speech. Thank you. B: Thank you, Dr. Lawrence. Thank you for your time.2. A: Hey, Nancy, is that you? I can‟t believe it! Heard any good presentations?B: Not one. None of them is my cup of tea. I‟m bored to death. A: Is that right? Why not?B: You know, I‟ve been working for over thirty years. There‟s nothing new here. These presentations can‟t tell me anything new. What‟s worse is that tomorrow I‟ll have a desk full of papers to work on. Say, you‟ve just come back from the States, haven‟t you?3. A: Isn‟t that the guy my son is crazy about? But I never knew his name.B: He‟s Larry King, the famous talk show host who is a household name. He always presents quite a variety of points of view when you listen to him. A: But, I‟ve really got a thing about some talk show hosts. They sometimes are very rude to those who have opposing ideas.B: I usually enjoy listening to them. I particularly like it when a caller disagrees with the host. I like to hear how he will defend his ideas.4. A: Say, Tom, I really enjoyed the piece you had in the paper last week. You‟ve really worked your way up since I met you on Bob‟s wedding day. B: Thanks. I‟m so flattered. But it‟s always nice to have a pat on the back once in a while.A: You dese rve it. I can‟t say that for all journalists, however.B: I‟m sorry to admit that many reporters are giving the profession a bad name.5. A: Judy, I‟d like you to meet our new business associate. He will be responsible for the project of “Golden Apple” program. B: Pleased to meet you, Mr. Wang. I‟m happy to say that the project is now well under way. But we still appreciate your cooperation. C: The pleasure‟s mine, Judy. Your work is wonderful.B: Thank you for saying so. Would you please follow me to the office? The fellow workers are all waiting for us.Listening Task2. Listening Activity1) First Listening Answers1. Dan Quayle / Republican Vice-President2. Al Gore / Democratic Senator3. James Stockdale / Retired Vice-Admiral2) Second Listening Answers1. two-minute opening statement2. the issues to be discussed are presented by the moderator3. a-minute-and-fifteen-second response to the issues under discussion4. five-minute discussion period5. order of response to the issues under discussion is determined by a drawing6. two-minute closing statementScript and Answers to Self-studyIntroduction to the vice-presidential debateGood evening from Atlanta and welcome to the (1) vice-presidential debates, (2) sponsored by the Nonpartisan Commission on presidential debates. It‟s being held here in the (3) Theater for the Arts on the campus of Georgia Tech. I‟m (4) Hal Bruno from ABC News and I’m going to be moderating（主持）tonight’s debate.(5) The participants are Republican Vice-President Dan Quayle, (6) Democratic Senator Al Gore, and Retired Vice-Admiral（中将）James Stockdale, who is the (7) vice-presidential nominee for independent（中立派）candidate Ross Perot.Now, the (8) ground rules for tonight‟s debate. Each candidate will have two minu tes for (9) an opening statement. I will then (10) present the issues to be discussed. For each topic the candidates will have a minute and fifteen seconds (11) to respond. Then this will be followed by a five-minute discussion period in which they can ask questions of each other if they so choose. Now, the order of response has been determined (12) by a drawing and we‟ll rotate with each topic. At the end of the debate, each candidate will have two minutes for a closing statement. Our radio and TV audience should know that the candidates were given (13) an equal allocation of auditorium seats for their supporters, so I‟d like to ask the audience here in the theater to please (14) refrain from applause or any partisan demonstration once the debate is under way because it takes time away from the candidates.So, (15) with that plea from your moderator, let‟s get started and we‟ll turn first to Senator Gore for his opening statement.Real World Listening1. Predict AnswerA very popular weekly small-talk program on television.2. Get the Main Ideas AnswersItem 1:1. Jackie Chan Subject of the program2. Larry King Host of the program 5. Jason Looking after the guests3. Simon Director, checking the arrangement4. Amanda Production assistant to the director Item 2: 1. No 2. No 3. No 4. Not Given5. YesScriptThis is your life!This is your life is one of the most popular small-talk programs on American television. Every week a leading personality is invited to a television studio, without knowing that he or she will be the subject of the program. The host starts the program with a short introduction and then meets the person at the entrance of a specified （指定的）studio and says, “This is your life!”The person then meets friends and relatives from his or her past in the very studio. Studio B is where today’s program is recorded. Th e program begins at 7:30. It‟s 6:15 now and the director, Simon is checking the preparations with his production assistant, Amanda. The subject of tonight‟s show will be a world-leading actor, Jackie Chan. The host, as usual, will be Larry King.Simon: Let‟s just check the arrangements. We‟re bringing Jackie Chan here in a studio car. Amanda: Is he informed what program he‟s coming to?Simon: No 行he thinks he’s coming to a discussion program!Amanda: Great! Now, the driver has been told to arrive at exactly 7:25, hasn‟t he?Simon: Right! The program begins at seven thirty. At that time Jackie will be walking to the studio. Larry King will start his introduction at 7:31, and Jackie will arrive at 7:32. Larry will meet him at the studio entrance ...Amanda: Will Camera B be there?Simon: Yes. Then he‟ll take him to that seat. It‟ll be on Camera A. Jackie will be sitting there during the whole program.Amanda: Where will Larry be sitting?Simon: For most of the show Larry will be standing in the middle, and he‟ll be on Camera C. The guests will come through that door, talk to Larry and Jackie ... and then sit over there. Now, is that all clear?Ama nda: Yes ... there‟s just one thing.Simon: Well, what is it?Amanda: Who‟s going to look after the guests during the show?Simon: Jason is.Amanda: And where will they be waiting during the show?Simon: In the dressing-room, as usual. Jason will be waitin g with them, and he‟ll be watching the show on the monitor. He‟ll tell them two minutes before they enter.Amanda: I think that‟s everything.Real World SpeakingUse an extension activity to further expand the discussion in Listening Task and Real World Listening.Answers for Referencea. establish the significance of the speechb. establish relevant connectionsc. stress the speaker‟s credibilityd. be consistent with the main speeche. be brieff. don‟t cover the speaker‟s topicg. don‟t oversell the speaker2. Answers for ReferenceStep 1: claim the audience‟s attention and express thanks for their comingStep 2: self-introduction Step 3: introduce the participants (debaters)Step 4: introduce the ground rules Step 5: announce the start3. Answer for ReferenceLarry King: Good evening and welcome to This is your life. This is Larry King speaking. We‟re waiting for the subject of tonight‟s program. He‟s one of the world‟s leading actors, and he thinks he‟s coming here to take part in a discussi on program ... I can hear him now ... yes, here he is! Jackie Chan ... This is your life!4. Answer for ReferenceMay I have your attention, please? Thank you for coming. We‟re very glad you could make it. Our speaker tonight is a very interesting man. He works fulltime as a banker, but paints and writes in his free time. Last year he won the title of “Star Citizen” in our city. It is an honor to introduce Mr. Thomas Wong, Director of the Arts FoundationUnit 2 Open to everything!V ocabulary TaskScript and Answers1. A: You look awful. What happened?B: I have difficulty sleeping, and I‟m anxious and depressed. I feel miserable. I‟m dying for a vacation.A: Maybe all that school work is too much for you. You may try meditation and cut back on fatty foods.B: You‟re probably right. I really need to try a different lifestyle.2. A: How do you like your life here? B: Wonderful. People are friendly and foods are delicious.A: It seems you are getting over your craving for McDonald‟s.B: That‟s true. I‟m used to a life without Klondike bars and the pancake house. What I really thirst for is a cappuccino after dinner.3. A: The recent survey found that youngsters are more concerned about finding work and earning money.B: That‟s understandable. I think today‟s y ouths have a higher sense of independence.A: Many older people say that young people are less prepared for adult life than previous generations.B: I can‟t agree. Maybe it‟s due to the generation gap. I remember when I was young I was itching to leave home as soon as possible.4. A: You‟re hanging out a lot. When will you be ready to start a family?B: What for? I see little advantage in tying the knot. Look at my married friends. They used to be career-oriented but now they are tied to household drudgery. A: Are you following the latest stay-single trend?B: Yeah, I‟d give anything to have my own free time, and it‟s more relaxing to be alone.5. A: I am in the mood for traveling abroad, but I cannot afford it.B: I have an idea. If you like to work with children, you can volunteer in Bali at a mountain village. I had a truly ideal experience there. A: Marvelous! Tell me more about it.B: I was a volunteer English teacher there last summer. It gave me a taste of life in a developing country. I learned the basics of a wonderful language. I had the chance to surf on the weekends, and I lived with an incredible family.Listening Task1. Pre-listening Activity AnswerScience Fiction2. Listening Activity1) First Listening Answers1. By visiting a cyber café?2. No two cyber café are alike.2) Second Listening Answers1. To enjoy Internet café.2. Entering an Internet café is like taking a wee bite of a Big Mac to her.3. At Krakatit, you can surf the Web with a spaceship and talk to dragons and robots.4. Cyber café will soon be replaced by mobile phones with high-speed Internet access.ScriptKept within a few clicks of hearth and homeIn Rome, you can read your email while your dirty clothes wash, soak and dry in machines beside you. In Helsinki, you can surf the Web while still sweating from a simmer in a nearby sauna. Some people travel to sample the finest of foreign cuisines. Some seek sublime art to appreciate orsacred architecture to celebrate. Me, I‟ve come to think of myself as an inte rnational connoisseur of Internet café.In my past five months overseas, I‟ve surfed the information superhighway in Swaziland, driven the data expressway in Estonia and cruised the communication causeway in Croatia. And I can say this: Gone are the days when postcards were the preferred method of making those at home envious of your adventures abroad. Set foot on the road to faraway places and you‟ll soon find that cyber café are an inescapable part of the contemporary travel experience.Just ask Michelle Amundson from Attleboro, Mass. I found this 23-year-old parked in front of a flat-screen monitor at Big Net café--the biggest Internet caféin Vienna 行exchanging love notes with her boyfriend back home. Michelle has been on vacation 10 days and has emailed him every one of them. Think of myself: My (much) better half is traveling with me and still of the 35 cities we‟ve visited thus far, I‟ve used cyber café in precisely 71.4 percent of them.When I left the US, I vowed I wouldn‟t eat at a single McDonald‟s no matter how cheap and soothingly familiar the food might be. I‟ve stayed true to that promise. But I admit when I slip into an Internet café I feel just a wee bit like I‟m taking a bite of a Big Mac.I comfort myself, however, with the discovery that no two cyber café are alike. It‟s hard to know where to begin in Prague, a city suffering a particularly virulent strain of cyber café-itis. At The Globe you can surf the Net while listening to a jazz trio. At Bohemian Bagel you can order up the namesake roll and a cup of joe along with a side of cyber crack. And at Krakatit, a “science fiction ” café you can surf the Web surrounded by pictures of dragons and spaceships and robots, oh my.Some people predict that cyber café, like postcards, will soon find themselves a relic as mobile phones with high-speed Internet access replace them as the new traveler‟s darling. That means no matter where we are we‟ll always have the World Wide Web in our pocket. And no matter where we are, we‟ll never be more than a but ton press (or two) from the comforts of home.Real World Listening1. Predict AnswerHe is an exchange student living with a host family.2. Get the Main Ideas Answers1. Japan2. it‟s the first time he came to the United States3. they wanted to broaden their children‟s horizons4. science and historyScript and Answers to Self-studyOpen to everythingAnchor: Believe it or not, we are seeing many foreign students in our town. We‟re interested in their life and study here. Today we‟ve invited the administrative specialist for foreign exchange Jeff Hein, a host mother Teri Benedetti, and an exchange student Aki to join our talk. Mr. Hein, why do so many foreign students come to our town?Jeff Hein:: They arrive here through programs operated by nonprofit placement services. Most of them are here because they know someone here and are able to live with them. Or, their parents have done work here and had met someone, and the young people live with those families. It‟s especially true for our high schools.Anchor: Where are they from? Jeff Hein:: They‟re from Australia, China, Korea, Thailand and the Philippines.Anchor: Aki, where are you from and how did you come here?Aki: I‟m from Korea. I‟ve visited the United States on vacation twice before. I w ant to do something else after 10 years of schooling back home. I learned about World Heritage at my school in Korea and I applied and this program arranged my stay here. Anchor: Mrs. Benedetti, how did you come upon the idea of hosting a foreign student?Teri Benedetti: My husband and I applied to host an exchange student partly to broaden our children‟s horizons. It‟s good for our children to know the United States is not the only country in the world, and that everyone has the same feelings inside, but we live in different cultures. Anchor: How did your children feel about living with a foreign student?Teri Benedetti: They were really very excited about having a new older brother. It offers them a great opportunity to be exposed to another lifestyle and another language.Anchor: Mr. Hein, what do the foreign students learn here in our schools?Jeff Hein:: They‟re held to the same academic standards as any other student here. They‟re required to be proficient in English and take a course load that includes math, reading, English, science and history classes. But the credits they earn here don‟t necessarily transfer back to their home schools. As a result, the time exchange students spend here often amounts to a year off of their studies. So this year is basically language practice and learning American culture.Anchor: Are exchange students welcome in our schools?Jeff Hein:: Certainly. Learning is a two-way street. Our students learn as much from the international students as they learn from us. They all deal with many of the same things, even though they‟re from different cultures and different lands. Anchor: Aki, what do you particularly want to do here?Aki: Just to see the country and another culture. I‟m open to everything.Unit 3 You are what you wearV ocabulary TaskScript and Answers1. A: You look great recently. B: Thank you. I have finally worked out what style matches my body and personality.A: You really look nice in these lively colored dresses. You should stick to it. B: It‟s very k ind of you to say so.2. A: You look a little down. What‟s the matter with you?B: I didn‟t do well on one of my college entrance tests. I feel rather blue.A: I‟m so sorry for you. But, cheer up! Try these festive looking clothes. Clothing that feels good can boost your morale. B: Thank you for reminding me.3. A: I‟d like to look at a classic business suit, an all-occasion suit that never goes out of style.B: What do you think of this one with a light pin stripe. A: Yes, it looks good. But I prefer a solid color.B: Here, try this three-piece dark worsted. That looks almost tailor-made for you.4. A: Hi, Sue. It‟s Mary, Mary Graham. B: Oh hi, Mary. How are you?A: Listen, um ... I want to ask you some questions about Jim Wilson. Um, is he a, a formal kind of guy, or does he dress casually? B: Oh, he is a guy who is often dressed to kill. He always wears three-piece suits and ties 行dressed very much in style.5. A: Why are you looking like you?e on cloud nine, dear?B: Yes, I am. Guess what, I‟ve invited the professor and his wife to dinner. A: How wonderful. I‟m really happy for you.B: Thank you, dear. You‟d better put your glad rags on.Listening Task1) First Listening AnswersThat clothes often define the person means clothes can reveal personality, status and attitude to life.Clothing not only tells something about the wearer but also affects the way others think of the person.Clothing may often betray what is within.2) Second Listening Answers1. An opportunity for individuality/ independence vanishes.2. No.3. Through the clothing he or she wears.4. Clothes should be carefully chosen so as not to reveal what is within.5. Clothing can help older people feel better about themselves and present a positive image to those around them.ScriptClothes make the man“Clothes make the man? runs the old proverb. If you believe that, you might feel that clothing enhances a ppearance, increases independence, allows for function, and provides comfort. What‟s more, clothing that is neat and clean, fits well, and feels good can boost anyone‟s morale.People express their personality in many ways, including through their clothing, hair style, and accessories. That‟s why clothes often define the person. Clothes can indicate personality, status, and attitude to life. A man may have worn a beard all his life, a woman may have worn makeup. If their ability to choose their appearance is taken away, then an opportunity for independence/individuality vanishes. Keeping some familiar clothes and personal articles helps them retain some sense of self-control over what is happening. Research shows that when a woman dresses for success, it does not guarantee success, but if she dresses poorly or inappropriately, it almost always ensures failure.Our clothes are very much part of our personality. Clothing protects people from humidity, heat, and cold, and helps them feel physically comfortable. Clothing at the same time gives the wearer a sense of well-being. It tells something about the person. Clothing also affects the way others see, think of, and react to the person. A person can be comfortable or uncomfortable wearing a certain garment or type of clothing in a social situation. Social comfort may be involved when a person wishes to “make an impression” through the clothing he or she wears. So, clothes should be carefully chosen so as not to reveal what is within.Before making choices about clothing, it is important to understand how clothing affects people. For example, making decisions about clothing can increase older people‟s sense of independence and help them feel better about themselves. The stereotype says older people don‟t care abou t their appearance. But, research shows that most older people think of themselves as younger than they are, their sense of fashion reflects their youthful thinking and the fashion of earlier years when they were younger, and they like clothing that looks good on them. Clothing can help older people feel better about themselves and present a positive image to those around them. Sending positiveappearance messages may increase older people‟s opportunities for social interaction.Real World Listening1. Predict AnswerThe outfits she should take along for her trip.1. Get the Main IdeasAnswersT ____ Sue has a conference to attend in a Northern European country.T ____ In addition to the conference, Sue may have many other social activities to attend.F ____ Ann suggests Sue not bring any wool, because the worsted is out of date.F ____ Sue plans to get one or two brand-name gowns because she wants to draw undue attention.F ____ According to Ann, the synthetic blend dress is especially convenient for travel. But Sue thinks it will make her look out of place.SueStick to conservative colors and patterns. Coordinate some skirts and blouses.Wear the same outfit in several different ways. Add a few cardigans and a scarf for different occasions.Get one or two designer gowns so as not to look out of place.AnnNeed several changes of business suits. Evening dresses for social gatherings and parties.A smartly tailored navy blue suit has a casual look.A white or blue blouse that matches the blue suit gives a professional look.A synthetic blend dress is convenient for travel. Lively colored dresses will provide a nice change from time to time.Script and Answers to Self-studyClothes for a special occasionSue: Ann, I need your help. Ann: W hat do you need, Sue? I‟m always pleased to help.Sue: I have an international conference to attend in Norway, and I‟m going to stay there for two weeks. But I have no clothes for that cold climate. I know you‟ve been to Northern Europe, so I need your suggestions about the (1) outfits I should take along.Ann: OK. You‟ve found the right person. Let‟s see. You‟ll be gone for two weeks, so you‟ll need (2) several changes of business suits. No doubt, there‟ll be a few parties and (3) social gatherings while y ou?e there, so you‟ll need some evening dresses for those special occasions. Am I right? Sue: Yes, I‟m sure you are. But what should I wear for those rather (4) elegant banquets and dances during the conference?Ann: No problem. I‟ll help (5) outfit you completely before you go. Let‟s start with your business suits and dresses. You‟ll want them warm, of course, but you won‟t want them to be too much trouble to care for, so (6) all wool is out.Sue: I guess I‟d better (7) stick to conservative colors and patterns, and I‟d like to (8) coordinate some skirts and blouses so that I can wear the same outfit in several different ways.Ann: That‟s exactly what I had in mind. I think a (9) smartly tailored navy blue suit would suit you. It has a (10) casual look, yet it can be worn with a matching white blouse or light blue blouse to give it a more professional look. You can wear it to any of your meetings, with or without the blouse.Sue: If I add a few (11) cardigans and a scarf to go with it, I can wear it on different occasions. How about something in blue?Ann: What do you think of a (12) synthetic blend dress? It‟s warm, yet quite lightweight. It‟s especially convenient for travel. And the best thing is that you can wash it right in your hotel room, hang it up, and it will dry (13) wrinkle-free overnight.Sue: I think I‟ll also get one or two designer gowns. I won‟t look out of place in them there, will I? Ann: No, you won‟t. Though you don‟t want to (14) draw undue attention, you‟ll want to look (15) professional and festive at the same time. A couple of lively colored dresses will give you a nice change from time to time.Sue: Right. I can‟t believe I‟m doing this. I‟m going to buy several new outfits and double my wardrobe -- all for a two-week trip!Unit 4 An outsider looking inV ocabulary TaskScript and Answers1. A: It‟s the strangest thing that they say hello to everybody in the street, even to a working man at a filling station.B: Yes, they also thank each other for every little thing. A: We find that stilly, not to mention irritating.B: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Otherwise we look impolite, angry or gloomy.2. A: We consider clothes a symbol of material status and people are dressed neat and originalB: You wouldn‟t believe my astonishment when I first came here. People wear very simple clothes; they actually look rather careless. A: Here even very, very rich people wear simple clothes.B: They like those clothes that are convenient, like Y-shirts and blouses. Since they change clothes each day, such clothes are easy to wash and iron.3. A: I just don‟t get it. Every time I ask my students questions they remain silent.B: Don‟t be frustrated. Here modesty is more important than speaking out. Students are afraid that they might appear arrogant if they are the first to answer a question. A: Equally puzzling to me is that here I haven‟t come across any challenges in my class. B: Well, if students disagree with a professor it is regarded as a lack of respect.4. A: I was supposed to meet m y supervisor but he wasn‟t in the office. That‟s odd.B: Let me see. Did you go there on time? A: No, but I was only five minutes late.B: There you go. Here punctuality seems to take priority over any other matter. I you arrive late, the appointment may be cancelled and the person may be unable to see you.5. A: It looks as if you are in a flurry. What are you preparing for?B: You know, people here have been so kind to me. So I invited these new friends to dinner here. But it really beats me what to m ake. A: I see. But you don‟t have to go to a lot of expense. People will appreciate sampling a favorite ethnic dish that you have prepared and enjoy an evening of conversation.B: A favorite ethnic dish? What about spicy bean-curd?Listening Task1. Pre-listening Activity. Answers1. “Zeny” means woman in Czech.2. Chicken sandwich.3. Is the dish made of fish?4. Where is the train station?2. Listening Activity1) First Listening Answers1. The speaker cannot decide which toilet is women‟s.2. A lot of physical communication is involved during the speaker‟s travel.2) Second Listening Answers1. Before leaving home the speaker thought a joy of traveling would be encountering people who speak a different language.2. The speaker has found that her inability to speak another language is frustrating.3. In order to buy a chicken sandwich, the speaker imitated a chicken.4. When the speaker made the sound of “choo-choo”, she was asking where the train station was.5. The speaker achieved understanding when she was buying a chicken sandwich.ScriptTravel becomes a game of chanceAm I a zeny or a muzi? This is the kind of questions that plague me these days---days in which a trip to the ladies‟ room has a good chance of leaving me standing before t wo doors, utterly baffled as to which one I‟m expected to walk through.My husband, Richie and I are in the midst of a trip around the world. The journey has taken us to 14 countries thus far, and in only one did we speaker the language, that was England. We left home in December believing wholeheartedly that one of the great joys of traveling would be encountering people who speak in exotic dialects. I have to admit, however, the constant language barrier has been, at times, acutely frustrating.Trying to determine which toilet is the women‟s versus the men‟s in each new country has been just the tip of a much larger and more befuddling iceberg. On a typical day, I understand the people around me as much as the average mutt understands his owner. If I‟m lu cky, I compensate for my ignorance by smiling and wagging my tail a lat.With time, however, Richie and I have come to enjoy the ongoing challenge our lack of linguistic endowments provides. It helps that we now think of our lives as a 24-hour game of charades. In this version of the game, there‟s only one required skill: an absolute willingness to make a complete ass of ourselves in front of total strangers.For instance, in trying to explain to a street vendor in Prague that I wanted a chicken sandwich. I was, at long last, able to achieve understanding but only I shoved my armpits, flapped my elbows wildly and declared loudly and for everyone to hear: “bawk bawk bawk!”On the downside, this method of physical communication leads to comprehension only about 50 percent of the time. In Hungary, while trying to determine if a dish was made of fish, I looked the waiter square in the eye, sucked in my checks and flapped my pursed lips at him. He stared at me then with a mix of incomprehension and search of a train station, I approached a large Czech security guard and queried, “choo-choo, choo-choo”I can‟t blame him for his blank incredulity. When has a train ever made anything approaching the sound “choo-choo”?Real World Listening1. Predict AnswerNora, the interviewee, was a Jewish American. She went to live in Berlin and was making efforts to fit into the German society. She wrote a novel based on her experience as an expatriate. This。

2023年湖南省益阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、1.Writing(10题)1. 1. 新闻媒体披露，徐州某中学1000多名学生签名，庄严承诺“远离网吧”2．分析“远离网吧”运动的原因3．做出对比和评论Away from Net-bar Campaign2. 1. 很多大学生从未对父母的养育之恩道过谢2.请详细说明其中的原因3. 你的算法Say "Thanks" to Parents3. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a Campaign Speech. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作。

2．如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么。

4. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Increase in the Number of Chinese Traveling Abroad, You should write at least l5O words following the outline given below:1. 说明这一现象2．解释产生这种现象的原因3．预测未来的趋势(说明：中国游客出国旅游开始于1997年。

据统计，当年全国出境旅游的人数为520万人次，到2006年出境旅游的人数已超过3000万人次。

)5. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Children Obesity. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below.1．学生的肥胖问题日益严重2．这一现象产生的原因3．你认为应如何改变这一现象Children Obesity6. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title of Leisure Time, a report for a university lecturer. You should write at least 150 words following the chart below which shows the amount of leisure time enjoyed by men and women of different employment status.7. For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Choosing the Right Career. You should write at least 150words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 选择适合自己的职业的重要性；2. 如何选择适合自己的职业；3. 我的看法8. 1. 目前，在中国的农村和城市都有“ 啃老族”2. 这种现象产生的原因3. 如何应对这种现象注:" NEET"是" Not Currently Engaged in Education, Employment orTraining"或" Not in Education, Employment or Training"的缩略语，即我们说的“啃老族”。

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots.Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of humanbeings in industry as well as people y s daily lives. You should write at least 150 wordshut no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the center.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1 ・ A) The project the man managed at CucinTcch・B)The updating of technology at CucinTcch・C)The man's switch to a new caree匚D)The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation. C)Competitive products・D)Effective promotion.3・ A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents. C)Innovate constantly.D)Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy・B) Un foresee n difficulties. C)Conflicts within the company・D)Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) The job of an interprete匚B)The stress felt by professionals.C)The importance of language proficiency・D)The best way to effective communication.6.A) Promising. C) Rewarding.B)Admirable. D) Meaningful 7・ A) They all have a strong interest in language.B)They all have professional qualifications.C)They have all passed language proficiency tests.D)They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8.A) It requires a much larger vocabulary・B)It attaches more importance to accuracy.C)It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D)It puts one7s long-term memory under more stress・Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B)9 C) and D)・Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the center.Questions 9 and 11 are based on the news report you have just heard.9.A) It might affect mother^ health.B)It might disturb infants' sleep.C)It might increase the risk of infants' death.D)It might increase mothers' mental distress.10.A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B)Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C)Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.D)Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11.A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies9.B)Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies・C)Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D)Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.Questions 12 and 15 are based on the news report you have just heard.12.A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B)The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C)The efforts to preserve Indian language have proved fruitless.D)More money is needed to record the native language in the US.13.A) To set up more language schools.C)To educate native American childrenB)To document endangered languages.D)To revitalize America's native languages.14.A) The US government^ policy of Americanising Indian children.B)The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C)The US government^ unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D)The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15.A) It is being utilized to reach native languages・B)It tells traditional stories during family time.C)It speeds up the extinction of native languages・D)It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions・ The recordings will be played only once・ After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). They markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.B)It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.C)It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D)It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17.A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B)Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C)Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D)Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance・18.A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B)To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C)To create more jobs by encouraging private investment in local companies・D)To encourage big businesses to hire beck workers with government subsidies.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) They measured the depths of sea water.B)They analyzed the water conten匸C)They explored the ocean floorD)They investigated the ice.20.A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B)Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C)The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D)The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21.A) Arctic ice is a major source of the worlds' fresh water.B)The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C)The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible・D)Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22.A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind・B)There is no easy way to understand it.C)It will advance nuclear technology.D)There is no easy technological solution to it.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the news report you have just heard.23.A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.B)The relation between children^ self-control and their future success.C)The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D)The deciding factor in children's academic performance・24.A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B)Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C)Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D)Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25.A) Self-control can be improved through education.B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.A) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.A) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.Part III Reading comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices ^iven in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single Through the center. You may not use any of the word in the bankmore than once.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear- man-made creations as smart and capable as we are without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26 : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27 of computational power and engineering advances will 28 enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses from street cleaning to food preparation・But there are 30 to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone(遥控飞行器)operator will 31 someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32 of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33 and damages. What should government do to protect people while 34 space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturers driving record, not the passengers・A) arises I) manifestingB) ascends J) penaltiesC) bound K) preservingD) combination L) programmedE) definite M) proximatelyF) eventually N) victimsG) interfere 0) widespreadH) invadeSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once・Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical Costs[A]Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurancepremiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem・ The answer is that no one has an easy fix rising medical costs. The fundamental fix一reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system一is likely to be a achieved only through trial and incremental勺)gains.[B]The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate FinanceCommittee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term・ As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded. "Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature thesedays is contained in these measures/5[C]Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelledby two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than patient really needs・[D]H ere are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address thoseproblems, and why it is hard to know how well they will work・[E]Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospital, nursinghomes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade・ If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much large匚Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient provider off the hook（放过）・That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong M pay-go M rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[Fl The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax（V肖费税）on health insurance plans that cost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family・ It would most likely cause Insures to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold* Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages. The House bill has no similar tax ・ The final legislation should・[GJ Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money ・ When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing・ Il estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade・ The bills would lock that pledge into law.[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system toelectronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted .This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant test,preventing drug inter actions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[Il Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system一doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness——is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high・ Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for aparticular illness or for a patients needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare・ They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patienfs needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who areresponsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones arc dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole byCongress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.[K] T he bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare・ To get access to millions of new customers, insures would have a strong incentive to sell on theexchange・ And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers・[L]The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce oppositi on of the insura nee industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work・ Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate (前歹ll腺) cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pen ding bills would spe nd additional money to accelerate this effort ・[N] C ritics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care・(That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not requires, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare・[O] C ongress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superio匚Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments・[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It does in othercountries・[Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidenee doctors engage in H defensive medicine11 by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.36.With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfermoney from health expenses into wages・37.Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard toinfluence lawmakers・38.It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.39.Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses・40.Republicans and insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insuranceplan.41.Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and preventdrug interactions.42.The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medicalexpenses.43.One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for theamount of care rather than its effect.44.Contrary to analysts* doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered throughnegotiation.45.Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries are using raw sewage (卜JK道污水)to imgate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, according to a new report-and it may not be a bad thing.While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food・"There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers/1 said Liqa Raschid・Sally，who led the study・The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes. Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers ( I、JK道)・When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed. Nearly 2.2 million people die each year because of diarrhea-related (与腹泻相关白勺)diseases, including cholera, according to WHO statistics. More than 80% of those cases can be attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape povert y・Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh water consumption.In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business・ In some cases, water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers・Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world. But frequently untreated human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually cooked, minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human waste is an attractive, and often necessary, alternative.In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided・ The mud contains the same critical nutrients.“Overly strict standards often fail,” James Bartram, a WHO water-health expert, said. H We need to accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason：46.What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?A)Its risks cannot be overestimated・B)It should be forbidden altogether.C)Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.D)It is polluting millions of acres of cropland・47.What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?A)Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.B)It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business・C)Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.D)It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.48.What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsefs attitude towards the use of untreated humanwaste in agriculture?A) Favorable.B) Indifferent. 49. What does Pay Dreschsel think of the risks involved in using untreated human waste forfarming?A) They have been somewhat exaggerated ・B) They can be dealt with through education.C) They will be minimized with new technology ・D) They can be addressed by improved sanitation.50. What do we learn about James Bartram^ position on the use of human waste for farming?A) He echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the issue.B) He challe nges Liqa Raschid-Sally's con elusion.C) He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.D) He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.Passage TwoQuestions 50 to 55 are based on the following passage.These days, nobody needs to cook ・ Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modem house, what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, five times the country's film industry ・ In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide ・ The average budget for a ,,major n kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000; even a n minor H improvement cost on average $18,000.Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson & Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one which would cost £145,000-155,000一excluding building, plumbing and electrical work ・ Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it: "You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the world.HThe elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants for the modem family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a natter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe ・ In American human's Home> published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to use hold management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote orde 匚 Many con C) Skeptical. D) Responsible.temporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Chris Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife・ Her 1919 work, House-Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a wife's daily routine. She borrowed the Principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied mestic tasks on the kitchen floor.Frederick's central idea, that "stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely". Inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schiitter-Lihotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today f s kitchen.51.What does the author say about the kitchen of today?A)It is where housewives display their cooking skills・B)It is where the family entertains important guests.C)It has become something odd in a modern house.D)It is regarded as the center of a modern home.52.Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?A)It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.B)No duplicate is to be found in any other place.C)It is manufactured by a famous British company・D)No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.53.What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?A)Improved living conditions. C) Women's elevated status.B)Tech nolo gical progress. D) Social change ・54.What was the Beecher sisters* idea of a kitchen?A)A place where women could work more efficiently.B)A place where high technology could be applied.C)A place of interest to the educated people・D)A place to experiment with new ideas・55・ What do we learn about today's kitchen?A)It represents the rapid technological advance in peoples daily life.B)Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.C)It has been transformed beyond recognition.D)Many of its functions have changed greatly・Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English・ You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。