大学体验英语4答案(第三版)

Unit4Listen1. discourage2. from3. dialects4. overwhelmingly5. choice6. fierce7. st andard8. are now promoting English as the language of t he 21st century9. English is going to be the lingua franca of the new century10. adopt ed English t o be taught as the second language of choiceThink about it(1)Now in China there is a situation where people from all walks of life and all ages are learning English. Children asyoung as 4 years old are st arting to learn English. Young people are improving their English proficiency in different English training centers. And even senior citizens in their 70s are learning English t oo.(2)1). Probably, I will. There are several reasons. First, a working knowledge of English will help me get a better-paid job.Second, English was, is and will be a lingua franca in international communication in various fields: business, diplomacy, science and technology. What’s more, English is the working language for many international organizations, such as the United Nations, the World T rade Organization and many other professional organizations.2). No, I won’t. Alt hough English is one of my favorit e subject s, I won’t choose it as my minor as I have got otherinterest s.(3)It’s hard to say. It depends on what kind of jobs they’ll have. For example, English major graduat es may have moreadvantages in doing secret ary and journalism jobs. Besides, English majors are said to have made excellent preparation for future careers in law, medicine, business, and government service.Passage A学英语既有乐趣又有回报文学的研究——包含对哲学、宗教、历史事件的发展和观念由来的研究，不仅是文明的，同时是有教化作用的，而且是流行的和实际的。

一周一练4参考答案及听力原文Keys (Unit 1)Extended Reading Skills Practice1.“a very young child— or even an animal —can learn to recognize faces” 4. D2.“We also tell people apart by how they behave”3.“People have always tried to‘type’ each other”Extended Translating Skills Practice1. 地球的大小是月球的49倍/ 地球比月球大48倍。

2. 冰箱的销售量增加了两倍半/ 增加到三倍半。

3. 他过去数年间的收入已增长两倍/ 是以前的三倍。

4. 在过去五年中，该国武器进口量降低了3/4（降低到1/4）。

5. 这所小学的学生数量锐减了63%。

Review and Test Part II. Reading Comprehension 1-5 CBACA 6-7 DA8. the conviction of many men 9. its priceless value10. margins of between 1 and 3 percent in various votersPart III. Listening Comprehension11-15 CBACD 16-20 BDABD 21-25 ACDBC 26-30 CDBBC 31-35 CBCAB36. throughout 37. obviously 38. breadwinner 39. raising 40. common 41. nursery 42. varying 43. unusual44. has been to have both men and women share in children care, housework and financial responsibilities45. Many American women enjoy the independence that an outside job and the salary give them46. American women, however, have met challenges since pioneer days, and they continue to fight for true equalityPart IV. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A 47-51 KJEAM 52-56 OIBND Section B 57-61 CDDAB 62-66 BACCDPart V. Cloze 67-71 BCDBA 72-76 ADCBD 77-81 ACBDC 82-86 ABDCAPart VI. Translation87. the less likely you are to catch a cold 88. was his father not around89. the only time she feels very happy 90. are not as important to fathers91. Those fathers who strive to be good family menSection A11. W: You look awful. What happened to you?M: I quarreled with my wife last night. I want a wife to take care of me.Q: What does the man mean?12. W: Are you asleep or are you just pretending to sleep?M: I’m really asleep.W: If you can hear me, you must be faking it. Good, you can give me a hand with the chores.Q: What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman?13. M: Mary doesn’t want me to take the job. She says our child is too young and the job requires muchtravelling.W: You should talk to her again and see if you can find a way out. Think about the gains and losses before you make a decision.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?14. M: Cathy and Bill got a separation.W: It’s really a shame. I’ve heard that they quarrel, but they’ve always made up afterwards.Q: What probably happened to Cathy and Bill?15. M: What kind of father am I? My only son almost died, and I did n’t even know he was ill.W: Don’t blame yourself. You were too busy to pay attention to him. If his mother was still alive, things would have been much better.Q: Why does the man blame himself?16. M: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go?W: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager’s job. And finally it was down to three of us, but, unfortunately, the other two are men. And they seemed better qualified.Q: What does the woman imply?17. W: It is so hard for the female graduates to find a suitable job these days.M: Yeah, it is also the case to the male graduates.Q: What does the man mean?18. M: Congratulations! Vicky! You have been offered the chance to study abroad for half a year.W: Thanks, Jack! But it’s hard for me to make the decision. I really don’t know how to strike a balance between being a mother and a teacher.Q: Why is the woman not so happy?Conversation oneMother: Hello, Frank, this is Mum. Have you made any plans for your work after graduation?Frank: Well, Mum, I’d prefer a job at a large hospital in Beijing or shanghai.Mother: As a doctor?Frank: No, not exactly a doctor. I’d rather work as a nursing officer. It’s em… it’s what a lot of people call a male nurse.Mother: A male nurse? Are you kidding, Frank?Frank: No, I’m serious, Mum. I know, people usually think nurses are female and male nurses seem to be strange and they are assumed to be failed doctors but…Mother: Frank, I thought you really wanted to be a doctor?Frank: No, Can you believe that I really want to be a nurse and that er…er… it isn’t just that I may fail as a doctor?Mother: Frank, my dear, don’t you realize that nurses do different things from doctors?Frank: I know very well, Mum. As a male nurse you have much more contact with the er… patients and you know, a long term responsibility for their …their welfare. Huh, there’s no way I’d want to be a doctor…they have practically no personal contact with their patients…Mother: Dear, you should know people usually think nursing is female’s work. It’s not suitable for a male, because it require care and patience.Frank: Mum, that’s a stereotypical view of nursing. The world has changed, and so has people’s attitudes towards job roles. I’m really interested in this job and have qualifications for it, why shouldn’t I do it? Believe me, Mum, I’m going to be a really good nurse.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What is people’s usual view on male nurses?20. According to Frank, what is the difference between doctors and nurses?21. Why does Frank’ mother think this job is not suitable for a male?22. For what reason does Frank choose to work as a nurse?Conversation twoJane: Mike, is it possible for you to spare some time this weekend to take John to the zoo?Mike: I’m sorry, Jane. I wish I could. But…Jane: Please, Mike, don’t tell me you are busy again this weekend. You are always busy with your work, ever-ending work. Why don’t you think about your son and me?Mike: I do. You should know, Jane, what I’m working for. I’m trying my best to earn more money to support the family. Jane, you know, it’s getting difficult to make ends meet.Jane: Yes, you are doing your best. And I know you are a very successful manager. But Mike, you have to admit you are not a devoted father.Mike: That’s unfair, Jane. It really hurt me when you say that.Jane: It seems to me that all you really care about is your career; you don’t show enough concern for my work or the education of our sonMike: What do you mean, Jane? I do care about you and our son. But the problem is I…I just don’t have time to take care of the family. I feel really terrible.Jane: Mike, what I mean… I mean you should try to understand me, understand how hard it is as a working mother. I have to strive to keep the balance between being a mother and a professional. You know it’s really hard. Keeping up the family responsibilities at home, and still having to work hard at my job. You should know there is always the possibility of being laid off.Mike: Don’t worry so much, Jane. To be honest, I’d rather you stay at home to be a full-time housewife, so…Jane: No, no way. I wouldn’t give up my career for anything.Mike: All right, all right, let’s talk about it later.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. According to Mike, why is he working so hard?24. Which of the following statements is not true about Jane as a working mother?25. What does Mike suggest Jane to do to relieve her hardness as a working mother?Section BPassage OneMore often than not, household chores will lead to tired and angry couples. It’s known to all that housework often triggers disputes in a marriage. Surrounded by piles of laundry, dirty plates, both husbands and wives feel stressed. But here the wives voice is louder, especially for those with kids. According to a survey, each child brings an increase of more than thirty hours of housework per week. The accumulating cleaning, shopping, and cooking just drive the wife crazy.In an idealistic case, the husband will help out. Yet most bread-earners habitually turn a blind eye. When wives bury them in dishes and anticipate emotional response, husbands are changing channels for action movies. Moreover, when being warned about the wives dissatisfaction, they show complete ignorance. Because of this, they are often accused of laziness and sexism.The truth is, due to the different makeup of brain, men and women take different attitude towards housework. A man’s brain takes in less than that of a woman. Therefore, he can feel at ease with a mess, while, a woman would rather die if she could not restore the order. Further research reveals that men attach little personal identity to housework. Instead, they are looking to the outside and perseveringly pursue power and recognition. This is also the reason why men tend to become a workaholic when they have kids. They are proving their worth in their own way.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. According to the passage, who will feel most stressed?27. Which of the following best describes men’s attitudes towards housework?28. Why do most men turn a blind eye to housework?Passage TwoJane Brown has been married for 12 years. She has three children, and lives in a suburb outside Columbus Ohio. When her youngest child reached school-age, Jane decided to go back to work. She felt that she should contribute to the household finance. Her salary can make a difference between a financial struggle and a secure financial situation for her family. Jane also felt bored and frustrated in her role as a homemaker and wanted to be more involved in life outside her home. Jane was worried abouther children’s adjustment to this new situation. But she arranged for them to go stay with the woman nearby after school each afternoon. They seemed to be happy with the arrangement. The problem seemed to be between Jane and her husband Bill. When Jane was at home all day, she was able to clean the house, go grocery shopping, wash the clothes, take care of the children, and cook two or three meals each day. She was very busy of course, but she succeeded in getting everything done. Now the same things need to be done, but Jane has only evenings and early mornings to do them. Both Jane and Bill are tired when they arrive home at 6:00 PM. Bill is accustomed to sitting down and reading the paper, or watching TV until dinner is ready. This is exactly what Jane feels like doing. But someone has to fix dinner and Bill expects it to be Jane. Jane is becoming very ang ry at Bill’s attitude. She feels that they should share the household jobs. But Bill feels that everything should be the same as it was before Jane went back to work.Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. Why did Jane want to go back to work？30. How did Jane spend her days before she went back to work?31. What problem arose when Jane went back to work? 32. What does the story try to tell us? Passage ThreeBarbara Sanders is a wife and the mother of two children, ages 2 and 4. Her husband, Tom, is an engineer and makes an excellent salary. Before Barbara had children, she worked as an architect for the government, designing government housing. She quit her job when she became pregnant, but is now interested in returning to work. She’s been offered an excellent job with the government. Her husband feels it’s unnecessary for her to work since the family does not need the added income. He also thinks that a woman should stay home with her children. If Barbara feels the need to do socially important work, he thinks that he should do volunteer work one or two days a week. Barbara, on the other hand, has missed the excitement of her profession and does not feel she would be satisfied doing volunteer work. She would also like to have her own income, so she does not have to ask her husband for money whenever she wants to buy something. She does not think it’s necessary to stay home every day with children and she knows a very reliable baby-sitter who’s willing to come to her house. Tom does not think a baby-sitter can replace a mother and thinks it’s a bad idea for the children to spend so much time with someone who’s not part of the family.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. What was Barbara’s profession before her pregnancy?34. What does Barbara’s husband think she should do if she wants to work?35. What does Barbara’s husband think about hiring a babysitter?Keys (Unit 2)Extended Reading Skills Practice 1-5 FOFOOExtended Translating Skills Practice1. 他的数学分数在班上是名列前茅的。

大学体验英语项目组《大学体验英语综合教程（4）》（第3版）学习指南Unit1一、词汇短语Passage Aunsung[]adj.(歌)未唱的；未被诗歌赞颂的，埋没的petty[]adj.小的，琐碎的；不重要的；心胸狭窄的；卑鄙的【例句】I’m not that petty.我不是那么小气。

【助记】pet宠物，ty小－小宠物－不重要的；ky结尾一般有小的意思marginal[]adj.记在页边的，旁注的；(意识)边缘的；不重要的；少量的【例句】It is a good habit to make marginal notes while reading.读书时做些旁注是个好习惯。

【助记】margin mark+音：纸，在纸上作记号是在边上记。

abuse[]vt.滥用；辱骂，诋毁n.滥用；恶习，弊端【例句】①I'll not abuse your hospitality，your kindness.我不会辜负你的热情招待和好意。

②Corruption is a major abuse in modern politics.贪污受贿是现代政治的一个主要弊端。

【助记】ab(离开)+use(使用)→离开了正常的使用→滥用【派生】abusive adj.辱骂的；滥用的；虐待的abusively adv.滥用地；辱骂地abused n.滥用，恶习；受虐deadbeat[]n.游手好闲者；赖债不还的人；落泊者adj.非周期的；直进式的dubious[]adj.可疑的，不确定的，靠不住的【例句】The result is still dubious.结果尚未定。

【词组】be dubious about/of对…有怀疑的【助记】du(两，双)+bious→两种状态→不肯定的→犹豫不决的。

【派生】dubiety n.可疑的东西；可疑性gutter[]n.排水沟；槽；贫民区syndrome[]n.综合病症；并发症状(特征)；并存特性【例句】The spots on his throat are part of a syndrome.他嗓子里的红斑是一种综合征的部分症状。

大学体验英语项目组《大学体验英语综合教程（4）》（第3版）学习指南Unit3一、词汇短语Passage Apluck[]n.勇气，胆量；决心v.采，摘，拔(毛)；鼓起(勇气)，振作【例句】①She tried to pluck out some of her grey hairs.她想拔掉一些自己的白头发。

②He can’t pluck up the courage to leave home.他鼓不起离开家的勇气。

【词组】pluck up鼓起，振作pluck up courage鼓足勇气，克服恐惧pluck away扯去，撕去pluck sth(off/out)拔除或摘除某物；采某物【助记】p破，luck运气，因为被拔了毛，拔你毛的人很有勇气运气很破的人需要面对困难的勇气summon[]v.召集，召唤；鼓起(勇气)，振作(精神)；传唤，传讯【例句】He was summoned to appear in court on a charge of careless driving.他被指控违章驾驶，受到法庭的传唤。

【词组】summon sb.(to sth.)；summon sb.(together)召唤某人；召集(大家)【助记】sum总和+on把人家一起召唤上来。

statutory[]adj.法定的，法令的；依照法令的；可依法处罚的infringement[]n.侵犯；违反contend[]v.斗争，竞争；主张【例句】The boy contended that I took the book.那孩子硬说我拿了那本书。

【词组】contend for争取【助记】con(共同)+tend(延伸，伸展)→共同伸展→彼此竞争【派生】contention n.争论，争辩；争夺；论点swift[]adj.&adv.快的(地)；敏捷的(地)，立刻的n.雨燕【例句】He was swift to condemn the violence/in condemning the violence.他立即谴责了那种暴力行为。

大学体验英语综合教程4（第三版）课后答案Unit 14. 1. media 2. images 3. abusive 4. fulfilling5. recognition6. status7. stresses8. aware9.deserve5. 1. obligation 2. applauded 3. fulfilled 4. mirror 5. flexibility6. devalue7. striving8. entailed9. supposedly10. Consequently6. 1. referred to as 2. at best 3. by the same token 4. at large 5. held up ... as7. 1. suffer stress2. support a family3. take on a burden / responsibility4. fulfill responsibility / a commitment5. deserve support / recognition / attention / appreciation6. afford luxury7. merit attention / recognition / appreciation8. make a commitment9. give recognition / support10 . show appreciation / recognition8.(1)With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.(2)He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.(3) Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay athome reading.(4) At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience orqualifications.(5) We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.Unit 24. 1. affection 2. passion 3. cultured 4. young5. active6. compliment7. health8. moral9. ashamed 10. obligation5.1. trace 2. mutual 3. arrangement 4. eternally 5. substitutes6. ultimate7. attach8. constantly9. resemble 10. commit6. 1. to take for granted 2. in need of 3. In the end 4. be dependent on 5. grew out of6. based upon7. 1. serve parents 2. commit a sin 3. offer an excuse 4. express regret 5. picture a man 6. enjoy health 7. question wisdom 8. pay a compliment 8.(1) The Cons titution provides for citizen’s freedom of speech.(2) Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children.(3) We have learned some words long before we can read.(4) Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better.(5) The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor.Unit 34．infringement, copyrighted, ultimately, echoed, contended, diminish, ill-informed, ownership, revive, links5. 1. infringed 2. echoed 3. excerpted 4. qualify 5. legal6. revived7. accused8. tactics9. diminished 10. fraudulent6. 1. looking into 2. accused of 3. grapple with 4. presided over 5. steer clear7. 1. be accused of infringement 2. constitute the fair use 3. compete with a newspaper 4. file a lawsuit 5. diminish the market value 6. obtain the copyright7. revive the Web site 8. seek damages 9. demand forfeiture10. reap the benefit 11. take down the photo 12 . preside over the case8.(1) You should pluck off the dead flowers in time.(2). I don’t think what you said really qualifies as an answer.(3) Our shouts echoed through the silent streets.(4) There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived.(5) The Smiths have filed for divorce in the divorce court.Unit44. 1. preparation, 2. indicate, 3. capable, 4. analysis,5. particularly,6. occupations,7. neither,8. professional,5. 1. sensitive 2. classification 3. sufficiently 4. steer 5. familiarity6. consequently7. reward8. qualifications9. fundamentals 10. evaluate6. 1. As for 2. focus ... on 3. benefit ... from 4. failed to 5. relevant to8.(1)My grandfather’s interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old(2) Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80.(3) His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get.(4) What interpretation would you put on his odd / strange dream?(5) The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of making 200 kilometers an hour.Unit 54. 1. transactions 2. trial 3. thoughtlessness 4. civilized5. insiders6.empathy7. vacuum8. unquestioning9. heirs 10. humanity5. 1. dismay 2. invisible 3. accountable 4. mortgage 5. compounded6. discern7. mounting8. haunt9. indifference 10. terrifying6. 1. at the heart 2. derive from 3. pave the way 4. conform to 5. stand up to7.1. act on their moral judgment 2. reap rewards 3. ignore responsibility 4. commit crimes5. conform to institutional circumstances6. meet the minimum standard7. pave the way for a full-scale administrative economic massacre8. reflect a sense of morality 9. complete transactions 10. relinquish its home8.(1) The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform to its actual quality.(2) New insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore new ways of treating this condition.(3) Proverbs, which derive from life, are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation.(4) The emotional relationship has been haunting her with no end in sight.(5) Admittedly, the right price for this unique commodity is hard to discern.Unit 64. 1. portrayed 2. revealed 3. depression 4. game5. admiration6. connection7.Uninterested 8. loyal 9. including 10. psychological5. 1. achievement 2. self-esteem 3. primitive 4. Aroused 5.identified6. confrontation7.reveal 8. Soaring 9. abandoned 10. professional6. 1. through thick and thin 2. root for 3. backed up 4. belonged to 5. stave off8.(1) She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.(2) Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers.(3) Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.(4):Despite the actors’ wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.(5) Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.Unit 74. granted, entrepreneurial, anxiety, exciting, hit, resigned, Suitable, savings, retirement, decent5. 1.depleted 2. overflowed 3. accumulate 4. figurative 5. ongoing6. glittering7. immune8. downturn9. stability 10. disruption6. 1.clean out 2. stay on 3. take it for granted 4. manage to 5. focus on8.(1) I have no inkling about the examination results, we shall have to wait and see.(2) I don’t know what happened, but they were supposedto be here an hour ago.(3) The color of the shirt he is wearing today does not match that of his tie.(4) After years of preparation and accumulation, I have committed to a writing career finally.(5) I have asked my kids to learn to clear out their drawers.Unit 84.potential created distribution consumers overcome express affection global fashionable impressive5. 1. rescue 2. fancy 3. potential 4. dilemma 5. restricted6. descendant7. affections8. samples9. were assessed 10. version6. 1. has taken root 2. tur ned out 3. in person 4. ran into 5. prefer … to8.(1) No matter what difficulties we come across, we should try our best to overcome them.(2) Respecting the old and caring for the young is a traditional Chinese virtue.(3) Today, people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of the times.(4) Children have a fancy for cartoons.(5) Given that they are lacking in experience / inexperienced / green hand, they have done a good job.。

大学体验英语4(第三版)课后汉译英、英译汉及选词填空Unit 1汉译英1.随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。

With his promotion ,he has taken on greater responsibilities.2.他感到他没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。

He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露西却喜欢呆在家里看书。

Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy,who prefers to stay at home reading.4.说好听一点,可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心（conscience）或没有资格的权力追求者。

At best he’s ambitious ,and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5.我们已经尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。

We have striven to the full to convince him , but we have made no headway.英译汉1.It seems that the only time fathers merit attention is when they are criticized for not helping e nough with the housework…or when they die.看起来似乎父亲唯一值得人们提及的是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候，或者实在他们去世的时候。

2.One exception to the “unnecessary father” syndrome is the glowing media attention that at-home dads have received.这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。

Unit3Listen1. exclusive2. fixed3. authorize4. distributor5. raised6. downloading7. products8. ordered it to pay $25 000 9. An exact number of CDs and total damages will be determined at a November hearing 10. We believe that everyone should have the right to listen to the music they purchasethink about it1. This is a controversial issue. On the one hand, those who are positive about it believe that downloading music for free is something that most of us have engaged in one time or another. It is certainly no high crime. Sharing music files online for free is a mini-consumer revolution and boon for artists — it is definitively ethical. On the other hand, those who are against it argue that it's no different from going into the artist's house and stealing his CD off the shelf. By stealing music, you are not only hurting musicians but also breaking the law.2. This question has two different but valid answers. If one answers the question from a strictly legal point of view, copyright infringement is clearly not theft. It is only a violation of one or more specific statutes, violation is different from theft. In general, the legal definition of theft involves the unauthorized taking of another’s property. Even though we use the phrase Intellectual Property rather casually, making a copy of a protected work does not involve taking that property —it involves violating the owners’ right to control copying of the property. Others who are willing to rely on a more informal definition of the word “theft” assert that copyright infringement is theft. It may not meet the standard for statutory theft, but violating someone’s right to control copying at a minimum represents an ethereal opportunity cost, and in many cases tangible economic loss. To the person who finds their work stolen, the feeling of theft is quite real.3. The purpose of copyright law is to promote the progress of useful arts and science by protecting the exclusive right of authors and inventors to benefi t from their works of authorship.Passage A网络版权执法——赚钱之道丹佛——布莱恩•希尔，一位北卡罗来纳州20岁的博主，去年12月在他自己的博客上发布了一张机场保安人员搜身的照片，没想到由此引来了一场法律战。

Lead-inIn Britain, people tend to make jokes about some jobs or professions, or to hold stereotyped views of them. For example, sailors are supposed to have a "wife" in every port, university professors are often seen as absent-minded or forgetful. there are a lotof dirty jokes about sales representatives and they are generally regarded as not particularly dependable other jobs may be well-paid or very responsible, but thegeneral public think they are funny or rather boring. For instance, in most other European countries to be an engineer is to be somebody. Funnily enough, in Britain engineers are thought of as gloomy rather than cheerful as result of people'signorance of the importance of engineers in society在英国,人们倾向于使开玩笑某种工作或职业,或持有的观点。

例如,水手们应该有一个“妻子”在每一个端口,大学教授往往被视为心不在焉或健忘。

有很多肮脏的销售代表,他们通常认为是开玩笑不是特别可靠的其他工作可以高薪或非常负责任,但公众认为他们有趣或而无聊。

Unit 1 无名英雄：职业父亲意‎味着什么？在我们的孪‎生女儿出生‎后的第一次‎“约会”时，我和丈夫一‎起去看了一‎部名为《玩具总动员‎》的电影。

我们很喜欢‎这部片子，但随后我丈‎夫问道：“父亲在哪儿‎呢？”起初我还认‎为因为一个‎小小的失误‎而批评一部‎很吸引人的‎家庭影片似‎乎是太偏狭‎了。

可后来越想‎越觉得这一‎疏忽太严重‎了。

父亲不仅没‎有出现，他甚至没有‎被提到——尽管家中有‎婴儿，说明他不可‎能离开太长‎时间。

影片给人的‎感觉是，父亲出现与‎否似乎是个‎极次要的细‎节，甚至不需要‎做任何解释‎。

新闻媒体倾‎向于把父亲‎的边缘化，这只是一个‎例子，它反映了在‎美国发生的‎巨大的社会‎变化。

大卫?布兰肯霍恩‎在《无父之国》一书中将这‎种倾向称之‎为“无需父亲”观念。

职业母亲（我想这应是‎与无职业母‎亲相对而言‎的）奋斗的故事‎从媒体上无‎尽无休地轰‎击着我们。

与此同时，媒体上绝大‎多数有关父‎亲的故事又‎集中表现暴‎力的丈夫或‎没出息的父‎亲。

看起来似乎‎父亲惟一值‎得人们提及‎的时候是因‎为他们做家‎务太少而受‎到指责的时‎候（我怀疑这一‎说法的可靠‎性，因为“家务”的定义中很‎少包括打扫‎屋顶的雨水‎沟、给汽车换机‎油或其它一‎些典型地由‎男人们做的‎事），或者是在他‎们去世的时‎候。

当布兰肯霍‎恩先生就“顾家的好男‎人”一词的词义‎对父亲们进‎行调查时，许多父亲都‎回答这一词‎语只有在葬‎礼上听到。

这种“无需父亲”综合症的一‎个例外是家‎庭全职父亲‎所受到的媒‎体的赞扬。

我并非暗指‎这些家庭全‎职父亲作出‎的承诺不值‎得人们的支‎持，我只是想指‎出在实际生‎效的双重标‎准：家庭全职父‎亲受到人们‎的赞扬，而家庭全职‎母亲和养家‎活口的父亲‎，所得到文化‎上的认同却‎很少，甚至完全得‎不到。

我们用来讨‎论父亲角色‎（即没出息的‎父亲）的话语本身‎就显示出人‎们对大多数‎男人默默无‎闻而自豪地‎履行对家庭‎承担的责任‎缺乏赏识。

Unit 1 无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具总动员》的电影。

我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道：“父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。

可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。

父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿，说明他不可能离开太长时间。

影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。

新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。

大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。

职业母亲（我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。

与此同时，媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。

看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。

当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。

这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。

我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。

我们用来讨论父亲角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。

我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子，同样也适应于男子。

我们这个社会表现出似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不象对母亲那么重要——似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。