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考试大纲的说明①精听、熟背听力材料，尤其是高考真题听力材料对提高听力水平很有帮助。
请反复跟读、听背高考听力。
②听力语音材料的特点速度快，情节复杂，数字多，混淆度强；音频材料存在失去爆破、连读、同化等现象。
③充分利用每一处停顿的时间，快速浏览下一段听力的试题。
听好当下题，停顿时间内着眼下一题，永远不要纠结上一段听力。
心态平和很重要。
④七选五阅读对事理指导性说明文情有独钟。
⑤语言知识涵盖语音知识、词汇知识、语法知识、语篇知识和语用知识，是构成语言能力的重要基础。
语用知识指在特定语境中准确理解他人和得体表达自己的知识。
⑥完形填空重点考查词汇，不涉及或偶尔涉及语法。
⑦此处是非提示词类，设空3-4处。
非提示词类只填一个词，如能填if的就不要填so/ as long as⑧此处是提示词类，设空6-7处⑨做短文改错要有“三观”：观语篇大局定时态，观句子大局看连词，观单词大局看如下：a.动词-ed或ing的互相转换;b.名词单复数转换；c.形容词和副词转换d.代词是否准确；e.是否多漏冠词、介词、不定式符号to⑩要点齐全、语言地道、行文流畅、卷面整洁○11设问词按使用的频率依次为:what, when, where, why, how, which, who, whose。
○12要注意这种情况：说话者通过语气和语调的变化表达意义和观点，反映其态度、意图和情感等。
○13广义的阅读包括试卷中阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空和短文改错，约占分之二的分值，在试卷中占权重较大。
○14主旨在首段或首句。
准确理解首段或首句很重要，也很有必要○15主旨在字里行间，因此要“ Read between the lines.”○16这类试题是细节理解题。
细节理解题主要是直接信息题和间接信息(语意转换)题。
○17词义猜测题可分两类a.指代关系，如2017全国卷Ⅰ(29题)、卷Ⅱ(26题)，考查在语篇中的逻辑推理能力。
b.同义替换，如2017全国卷Ⅲ(29题)。
专题01 考核目标和要求一、语言知识语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
语言运用包括听力、阅读、写作和口语。
语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26 个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异【解读】掌握英语语音对于听力理解和口语是非常重要的。
语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高兴 (Happiness)(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)(37) 忧虑 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration)(46) 频度 (Frequency)(47) 时序 (Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)(52) 形状 (Shape)(53) 颜色 (Colour)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)词汇表（附后）二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
2019年高考新课标英语考试大纲解读前言：现在距离高考越来越近，时间也越来越紧张，没有多少时间了！这个时候很多学生由于心理紧张，每天坐立不安，特别烦躁，不能静下心来学习。
（关于高考心理辅导，另文刊登）这时候可不能放松（61）数量(Number)9．比较(Comparison)（62）同级比较(Equalcomparison)（63）差别比较(Comparativeandsuperlative)（64）相似和差别(Similarityanddifference)10．逻辑关系(Logicalrelations)（65）原因和结果(Causeandeffect)（66）目的(Purpose)11．职业(Occupations)（67）工作(Jobs)（68）单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表1．个人情况(Personal information)2．家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friendsandpeoplearound)3．周围的环境(Personal environments)4．日常活动(Dailyroutines)5．学校生活(Schoollife)6．兴趣与爱好(Interestsandhobbies)7．个人感情(Emotions)8．人际关系(Interpersonalrelationships)9．计划与愿望(Plansandintentions)10．节假日活动(Festivals, holidaysandcelebrations)11．购物(Shopping)12．饮食(Foodanddrink)13．健康(Health)14．天气(Weather)15．文娱与体育(Entertainment andsports)16．旅游和交通(Travelandtransport)17．语言学习(Language learning)18．自然(Nature)19．世界与环境(Theworldandtheenvironment)20．科普知识与现代技术(Popularscienceandmonderntechnology)21．热点话题(Topicalissues)22．历史与地理(Historyandgeography)23．社会(Society)24．文学与艺术(Literature andart)附录5词汇表（略）。
话题07 个人感情【话题解读】个人情感主要指＂情感态度＂，它是高中英语新课程标准话题之一。
该话题包括关乎内心品性的情感态度与价值观，包括自信独立、健康高雅、热情乐观、严谨求实、持之以恒等方面；关乎周围世界的情感态度与价值观，包括热爱祖国、关切社会、珍爱自然、尊重多元等方面；关乎处世方略的情感态度与价值观，包括乐群合作、好奇求知、主动进取、崇尚科学等方面。
通过本话题的学习和高考考查，让学生树立正确的人生观和世界观。
【高考探究】＂情感态度＂是高考英语常考话题之一，在阅读理解、完形填空当中出现较多，例如2018年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇，2018年新课标卷II短文改错，2018年北京卷阅读理解A篇及七选五，2018年浙江卷阅读理解七选五，2018年江苏卷完形填空，2017年新课标III卷完形填空；2017年天津卷阅读理解D篇，2016年新课标卷I阅读理解D篇，2016年新课标卷II语法填空，2016年新课标卷III书面表达，2016年天津卷阅读理解D篇，2016年四川卷完形填空，2015浙江卷完形填空，2016天津卷书面表达等。
学会自我陪伴更会与人相处I take myself on dates. I go to the movies alone. Iwander museums alone. I eat meals alone (and yes, thatmeans I resist all temptation to scroll through Instagramwhile waiting for my meal). I sit in coffee shops andjournal alone. I take the train and go to new towns andwalk around alone.我跟自己去约会：我独自看电影，独自在博物馆闲逛，独自吃饭（是的，这是说在等待饭菜上来时，我抵制住所有刷Instagram的诱惑）。
2019高考英语考纲话题及范文为考生整理了2019高考英语作文热点话题：高考英语考纲话题及范文，供大家学习参考。
1.个人情况Personal information范文Dear Mr. Smith,I'm Li Hua, a student from Hongxing Middle School.I'm writing to apply for the position of volunteer you advertised on China Daily.My experience has made me a qualified volunteer for your activity. First, I'm not only fluent in English but alsohave a good sense of cross-cultural communication, which enables me to provide a good service. Second, I am familiar with the history of the ancient Silk Road and know many stories about it. Third, as an outgoing member of the Students' Union, I have gained much experience in organizing social activities.In a word, I think I wouldn't let you down if I were given this opportunity.Looking forward to your early reply.Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua 亲爱的史密斯先生,我叫李华，是红星中学的学生。
话题23 社会【话题解读】“社会交往”是高中新课程标准主要话题之一，该话题包括社会政治、经济、文化等方面。
在高考试题当中，社会交往类话题占了较大比例，常以社交礼仪、社会价值观、文化碰撞等为主题。
[高考探究]该话题为高考热点话题，常与阅读、完形和书面表达相结合进行考查。
从近几年的高考试题看，阅读内容越来越注重语言和文化的关系，阅读材料更多地涉及社会背景知识。
例如2018年新课标I卷阅读理解B篇和完形填空；2018年新课标III卷七选五和完形填空；2017年新课标卷I的阅读理解B篇；2018年浙江卷七选五和应用文写作；2017年新课标卷II的短文改错；2016年四川卷阅读理解B篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解A篇；2013年山东卷完形填空；2012年山东完形填空等。
Where to Live—In the City or Countryside?住在农村还是城市?Where to live—in the city or in the countryside? Different people have different opinions.住在农村，还是城市？不同的人有不同的观点。
Some people like living in cities. They think that living in cities has many advantages. First of all, there are always well-developed public transports. Secondly, it is often easier to find work. Besides, the life in cities is rich and colorful; they can go to cinemas, and walk in the parks whenever they want to relax. By contrary, some people prefer to live in the countryside. They think they can live a comfortable life. They can breathe fresh air, drink pure water, and listen to birds singing. In addition, they enjoy the quiet and peace of the countryside.有些人喜欢住在城市。
《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关写作的要求：要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
【解读】写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。
该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。
考生应能：2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，使用合适的句型、词组等，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。
新课标卷主要分两节，第一节为短文改错，第二节书面表达。
常用词语和句子准时on time/punctually餐桌礼仪table manners合适的、恰当的appropriate拜访pay a visit toYou are supposed/expected/required to do…It’s a good idea to…It’s appropriate/suitable to do …It’s sensible/reasonable/advisable to do …It’s good manners to do …It’s noteworthy that…I think it would be more helpful if you could do…It would be wise of you to…It’s desirable to do …It’s inappropriate to do …It’s impolite to do…It’s unwise/inadvisable to do …Never （助动词/系动词/情态动词）主语+谓语动词…It’s not suitable for you to do…in such a situation.【备考启示】近年来高考写作的命题常用的思想就是高起点低落点。
高起点题目很高，中国文化，中国故事，中国礼仪等等，但最终都把它们落在应用文的框架里，这就是低落点。
2019年高考英语考试大纲解读（含答案）《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关语言知识的要求:要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为右。
3500 左高考试卷对语言知识的考查主要体现于完形填空和语法填空。
核心语法，构建网络，不纠缠褊难怪”词法、句法、章法是语法的灵魂，对于这三个要素要形成体系，不要支离破碎地学习，尽量掌握核心内容，不要把重心放在偏难怪”且有争议的语法现象上。
可以制作一个语法知识本，以梳理核心语法知识，形成自己的知识网络，进而提升借助语法进行阅读和写作的能力。
如牢记常见的不可数名词，如advice, equipment, evidence, fun, furniture, information, luck, news, luggage/baggage, progress 等牢记核心的词形变化，如warm — warmth, argue— argument, strong—strength, just—justice, unjust —injustice, explain —explanation 等。
题型1完形填空全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅，2018 年全国卷II和全国卷出的完形填空就选用了记叙文，全国卷I采用了夹叙夹议文。
从选材到试题的设置都呈现出“稳中有变”的特点：1.题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后能给考生带来心灵的启迪。
且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意义，体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。
2.文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置20个空格，要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项，很少涉及纯语法知识试题。
话题01学校牛活【话题解读】“学校生活”是高中英语课程标准中24个话题之一，是学生最熟悉的话题。
该话题包扌舌学生在校学习的课程，学校、班级或学生会等举行的各项比赛或课外活动，包括聚会、野餐、烧烤、春游等课外活动；也包括学生的穿着、发型，还包括预习、复习、讨论、归纳等学习活动或教师的教学方法等等。
【高考探究】因为“学校生活”是学生最熟悉的话题，因此在高考英语屮通常会涉及这一话题，在阅读理解、完形填空特别是在书面表达中出现较多。
书面表达中命题者可能会要求考生就某项比赛或课外活动等写一份通知，或就具体的聚会、野餐、烧烤、春游等课外活动写一份通知或写活动后的日记；可能会要求考生就学生的穿着、发型、行为举止等发表看法；就预习、复习、讨论、归纳等课堂学习活动和教师教学方法等发表看法；就学生对任课教师开展评教活动发表看法；学校在节假日该不该补课；学生该不该参加校外各种形式的特长训练，如钢琴培训、外语培训、勤工俭学等。
例如2018年新课标I卷完形填空，2018年新课标III卷书面表达，2018年新课标II卷书面表达，2016年全国卷II阅读理解B篇；2014年浙江卷的完形填空、2014年辽宁卷的写作等。
话题在线学校生活相关词语Let dream flyWhen Larry Walters was a child, his dream was unusual: He wanted to fly. ①What was unusual was the way his dream came true. After finishing school, Larry joined the U. S. Air Force, but he couldn" t get flying practice because he couldn，t see clearly. However, he never gave up his dream・Larry, aged 33, was not a pilot, but a driver in Los Angeles. One day, while sitting in his chair in his garden, Larry had a strange idea. ②As he watched weather ballons fly overhead, he decided to use weather balloons to fly.A few weeks later, Larry bought 42 one-meter diameter weather balloons. He tied them to a chair and filled them with helium・ Then he sat down in the chair with some beer, sandwiches, and a BB gun. Larry" s plan was to fly about 10 meters above his backyard, enjoy a few hours in theair, and then shoot some bal 1 oons with his gun to get back down. But things did not go according to Larry J s plan.③When his friends cut the rope, Larry, lifted by the 42 balloons and flew into the high sky quickly. He finally stayed at an altitude of 4,000 meters. Afraid to shoot some balloons, the balance of his “eraft” would lose"・ Larry sat, cold and frightened, in the sky with his beer and sandwiches for 14 hours.Larry?s stay in the skies caused many planes to change their routes. Finally, Larry had to shoot a few balloons and slowly get back down, landing in power lines. Finally, he climbed down safely and was caught by waiting police.④When asked by a reporter why he had done it, Larry answered, "a man just can' t sit around." Larry achieved his dream, and set a record for a gas~fi1 led bal1oon flight. But he had to hand in $1, 500 for breaking air safety rules.让梦想起飞当拉里•沃尔特是个孩子时，他的梦想是不寻常的：他想飞。
话题05 个人情况【话题解读】“个人情况”是高中新课标24话题之一，也是高考英语常考的一个热点话题，本话题包括个人情况简介和名人事迹介绍等两个方面，这类文章通常以人物传记和逸闻趣事为主，目的是培养学生高尚的道德情操，树立正确的人生观和价值观。
【高考探究】“个人情况”这个热点话题通常以阅读理解(人物传记)和书面表达(名人简介)的形式来进行考查，例如2018年新课标III卷阅读理解C篇；2018年浙江卷阅读理解A篇；2018年新课标I卷完形填空；2017年新课标I卷短文改错；2016年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解A篇；2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷书面表达第一节；2014年江苏卷完形填空；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅰ书面表达等。
导读：赞美她的人，称她是捍卫自由世界，振兴英国经济的英雄；诅咒她的人，说她是镇压罢工民众，摧毁福利制度的恶魔。
尽管人们对于她评价不一，然而，不可否认她是一位杰出的女性，她曾以铁腕改变了20世纪的英国，甚至全世界。
她，就是铁娘子撒切尔夫人。
Margaret Thatcher -The Iron LadyMargaret Hilda Roberts was born on 13 October 1925 in Grantham, Lincolnshire, the daughter of a grocer. She went to Oxford University and then became a research chemist, retraining to become a lawyer in 1954. ①In 1951, she married Denis Thatcher, a wealthy businessman, with whom she had two children.Thatcher became a Conservative member of parliament for Finchley in North London in 1959. Her first parliamentary post was junior minister for pensions in Harold Macmillan's government. From 1964 to 1970, when Labour were in power, she served in ②a number of positions in Edward Heath's shadow cabinet. Heath became prime minister in 1970 and Thatcher was appointed secretary for education.After the Conservatives were defeated in 1974, Thatcher challenged Heath for the leadership of the party and, to the surprise of many, won. In the 1979 general election, the Conservatives③came to power and Thatcher became prime minister.She was an advocate of privatising state-owned industries and utilities, reforming trade unions, lowering taxes and reducing social expenditure across the board. Thatcher's policies succeeded in reducing inflation, but unemployment dramatically increased during her years in power.Victory in the Falklands War in 1982 and a divided opposition helped Thatcher win a landslide victory in the 1983 general election. In 1984, she narrowly escaped death when the IRA planteda bomb at the Conservative party conference in Brighton.④In foreign affairs, Thatcher cultivated a close political and personal relationship with US president Ronald Reagan, based on a common mistrust of communism, combined with free-market economic ideology. Thatcher was nicknamed the 'Iron Lady' by the Soviets. She warmly welcomed the rise of reformist Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.In the 1987 general election, Thatcher won an unprecedented third term in office. But controversial policies, including the poll tax and her opposition to any closer integration with Europe, produced divisions within the Conservative Party which led to a leadership challenge. In November 1990, she agreed to resign and was succeeded as party leader and prime minister by John Major.In 1992, Thatcher left the House of Commons. She was appointed a peeress in the House of Lords with the title of Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven and continued giving speeches and lectures across the world. She also founded the Thatcher Foundation, which aimed to advance the cause of political and economic freedom, particularly in the newly liberated countries of central and eastern Europe. In 1995 she became a member of the Order of the Garter, the highest order of knighthood in England.In 2002, after a series of minor strokes, Baroness Thatcher retired from public speaking. She died of a stroke on April 8, 2013, at the age of 87.“铁娘子”玛格丽特·撒切尔玛格丽特·希尔达·罗伯茨于1925年10月13日出生于英格兰肯特郡的格兰瑟姆，是一位杂货店主的女儿。
她毕业于牛津大学后成为了一名化学研究员，之后经过在培训于1954年成为一名律师。
1951年，她与丹尼斯·撒切尔，一位富有的商人结婚，并育有两个孩子。
1959年，撒切尔夫人成为北伦敦芬奇利市保守党议会成员。
她在哈罗德·麦克米伦政府内的第一个职位是养老金副部长。
1964年至1970年，工党执政期间，她在爱德华·希斯的影子内阁担任了一系列职位。
1970年希望成为首相后，撒切尔被任命为教育局局长。
1974年保守党落败后，撒切尔向希斯在党内的领导发出了挑战，并出人意料地获胜。
在1979年的大选中，保守党重新上台执政，撒切尔就任英国首相。
撒切尔主张国有企业和设施私有化、改革商会、降低税赋并缩减理事会社会开支。
她的这些政策在减轻通货膨胀方面取得了成功，然而在她执政期间英国的失业率急剧上升。
1982年马岛战争的胜利和反对党派的分裂使撒切尔在1983年的大选中以绝对优势获胜。
1984年，在布莱顿举行的保守党会议上，爱尔兰共和军投掷了一枚炸弹，撒切尔侥幸逃脱。
在外交事务中，基于对共产主义的不信任和自由市场经济理念的认同，撒切尔与美国总统罗纳德·里根成为了政治伙伴和私人密友。
撒切尔被当时的苏联成为“铁娘子”。
她热烈欢迎改革派的苏联领导人米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫的崛起。
在1987年的大选中，撒切尔取得了史无前例的的第三次连任。
但是包括人头税、反对与欧洲密切接触等有争议性的政策使得保守党内部产生了分歧，导致有人向她的领导权发出了挑战。
1990年11月，撒切尔同意辞职，由保守党领袖约翰·梅杰继任首相。
1992年，撒切尔离开了英国下议院。
她被册封为上议院终身贵族，成为了克斯蒂文女爵，随后在世界各地进行演讲和报告。
她还成立了撒切尔夫人基金会，旨在推进政治和经济的自由，尤其是在欧洲中东部那些刚刚解放的国家。
1995年，她成为女嘉德勋爵士，这是英国骑士的最高荣誉。
2002年，几次轻微中风之后，撒切尔女爵停止了公开演讲。
2013年4月8日，撒切尔因中风去世，终年87岁。
重点单词：1. conservative [kən'sɜːvətɪv] adj. 保守的2. expenditure [ɪk'spendɪtʃə; ek-] n. 支出，花费；经费3. inflation [ɪn'fleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 膨胀；通货膨胀4. cultivate ['kʌltɪveɪt] vt. 培养5. ideology [,aɪdɪ'ɒlədʒɪ; ɪd-] n. 意识形态；思想意识6. unprecedented [ʌn'presɪdentɪd] adj. 空前的；无前例的7. integration [ɪntɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n] n. 集成；综合8. peeress ['pɪərɪs; -res] n. 有爵位的妇女；贵族夫人9. knighthood ['naɪthʊd] n. 骑士；骑士身份10. stroke [strəʊk] n. 中风话题下的阅读理解Passage1（2018年·新课标III卷）While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize —which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wang’s works show a deep underst anding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said."Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said."Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.28. Wang’s wi nning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.A. following the latest world trendB. getting international recognitionC. working harder than ever beforeD. relying on foreign architects29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A. Its hilly environment.B. Its large size.C. Its unique style.D. Its diverse functions.30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?A. The mixture of different shapes.B. The balance of East and West.C. The use of popular techniques.D. The harmony of old and new.31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A. Spread them to the world.B. Preserve them at museums.C. Teach them in universities.D. Recreate them in practice.【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。
