河南省许昌市许昌高级中学、长葛市第一高级中学三校2015-2016学年高一上学期第二次(期中)考试化学试题
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2015-2016学年河南省许昌高中、襄城高中、长葛一高、禹州三高联考高一(上)期末数学试卷(理科)一.选择题(每小题5分,共12题,共60分)1. 设集合A={x|−1≤x≤2},B={x|0≤x≤4},则A∩B=()A.[0, 2]B.[1, 2]C.[0, 4]D.[1, 4]2. 设l,m是两条不同的直线,α是一个平面,则下列命题正确的是()A.若l⊥m,m⊂α,则l⊥αB.若l⊥α,l // m,则m⊥αC.若l // α,m⊂α,则l // mD.若l // α,m // α,则l // m3. 平行线3x+4y−9=0和6x+8y+2=0的距离是()A.8 5B.2C.115D.754. 设f(x)={2e x−1,x<2,log3(x2−1),x≥2,,则f[f(2)]的值为()A.0B.1C.2D.35. △ABC是边长为1的正三角形,那么△ABC的斜二测平面直观图△A′B′C′的面积为()A.√34B.√38C.√68D.√6166. 设f(x)为奇函数,且在(−∞, 0)内是减函数,f(−2)=0,则xf(x)<0的解集为()A.(−1, 0)∪(2, +∞)B.(−∞, −2)∪(0, 2)C.(−∞, −2)∪(2, +∞)D.(−2, 0)∪(0,27. 过点(1, 2),且与原点距离最大的直线方程是( )A.x+2y−5=0B.2x+y−4=0C.x+3y−7=0D.x−2y+3=08. 已知三棱锥的三视图如图所示,其中侧视图为直角三角形,俯视图为等腰直角三角形,则此三棱锥的体积等于()A.√23B.√33C.2√23D.2√339. 已知点A(2, −3)、B(−3, −2)直线l过点P(1, 1),且与线段AB相交,则直线l的斜率k的取值范围是()A.k≥34或k≤−4 B.k≥34或k≤−14C.−4≤k≤34D.34≤k≤410. 已知长方体ABCD−A1B1C1D1中,AB=BC=4,CC1=2,则直线BC1和平面DBB1D1所成角的正弦值为()A.√32B.√52C.√105D.√101011. 如果实数x、y满足x2+(y−3)2=1,那么yx的取值范围是()A.[2√2, +∞)B.(−∞, −2√2]C.[−2√2, 2√2]D.(−∞, −2√2]∪[2√2, +∞)12. 已知函数f(x)={|x+1|,x≤0,|log2x|,x>0,若方程f(x)=a有四个不同的解,x2,,x4,且x1<x2<x3<x4,则x3(x1+x2)+1x32x4的取值范围是()A.(−1, +∞)B.(−1, 1]C.(−∞, 1)D.[−1, 1)二.填空题(每小题5分,共4题,共20分)直线x−2y+5=0与圆x2+y2=8相交于A、B两点,则|AB|=________.若一系列函数的解析式相同,值域相同,但其定义域不同,则称这一系列函数为“同族函数”,试问解析式为y=x2,值域为{1, 2}的“同族函数”共有________个.已知圆柱的侧面展开图是边长为4和6的矩形,则该圆柱的表面积为________.一个四面体的所有棱长都是√2,四个顶点在同一个球面上,则此球的表面积为________.三.解答题(本大题共6个小题,共70分,解答题应写出文字说明.证明过程或演算步骤.)已知全集U=R,A={x|12<2x<4},B={x|log3x≤2}.(1)求A∩B;(2)求∁U(A∪B).已知点A(−1, 3),B(5, −7)和直线l:3x+4y−20=0.(1)求过点A与直线l平行的直线l1的方程;(2)求过A,B的中点与l垂直的直线l2的方程.如图,在三棱锥A−BPC中,AP⊥PC,AC⊥BC,M为AB中点,D为PB中点,且△PMB为正三角形,(1)求证:MD // 平面APC;(2)求证:平面ABC⊥平面APC.如图,四棱锥P−ABCD的底面ABCD是边长为2的菱形,∠BAD=60∘.已知PB=PD=2,PA=√6.(Ⅰ)证明:BD⊥面PAC(Ⅱ)若E为PA的中点,求三菱锥P−BCE的体积.已知函数f(x)=log4(4x+1)+kx(k∈R).(1)若k=0,求不等式f(x)>12的解集;(2)若f(x)为偶函数,求k的值.已知方程x2+y2−2x−4y+m=0.(1)若此方程表示圆,求m的取值范围;(2)若(1)中的圆与直线x+2y−4=0相交于M、N两点,且OM⊥ON(O为坐标原点),求m;(3)在(2)的条件下,求以MN为直径的圆的方程.参考答案与试题解析2015-2016学年河南省许昌高中、襄城高中、长葛一高、禹州三高联考高一(上)期末数学试卷(理科)一.选择题(每小题5分,共12题,共60分)1.【答案】A【考点】交集及其运算【解析】结合数轴直接求解.【解答】解:由数轴可得A∩B=[0, 2],故选择A.2.【答案】B【考点】两条直线平行的判定空间中直线与平面之间的位置关系【解析】根据题意,依次分析选项:A,根据线面垂直的判定定理判断.C:根据线面平行的判定定理判断.D:由线线的位置关系判断.B:由线面垂直的性质定理判断;综合可得答案.【解答】解:A,根据线面垂直的判定定理,线要垂直平面内两条相交直线才能满足线面垂直,故不正确;B,由线面垂直的性质可知:平行线中的一条垂直于这个平面则另一条也垂直这个平面,故正确;C,l // α,m⊂α,则l // m或两线异面,故不正确;D,平行于同一平面的两直线可能平行,异面,相交,故不正确.故选B.3.【答案】B【考点】两条平行直线间的距离【解析】先将两平行直线的方程的系数统一,再代入平行线间的距离公式计算即可.【解答】解:两平行直线的距离d=12√A2+B2=√36+64=2.故选B4.【答案】C【考点】函数的求值【解析】考查对分段函数的理解程度,f(2)=log3(22−1)=1,所以f(f(2))=f(1)=2e1−1=2.【解答】解:f[f(2)]=f[log3(22−1)]=f(1)=2e1−1=2.故选C.5.【答案】D【考点】斜二测画法平面图形的直观图【解析】由原图和直观图面积之间的关系S直观图S原图=√24,求出原三角形的面积,再求直观图△A′B′C′的面积即可.【解答】解:正三角形ABC的边长为1,故面积为√34,而原图和直观图面积之间的关系S直观图S原图=√24,故直观图△A′B′C′的面积为√34×√24=√616故选D.6.【答案】C【考点】函数单调性的性质与判断函数奇偶性的性质与判断【解析】根据函数的奇偶性求出f(2)=0,x f(x)<0分成两类,分别利用函数的单调性进行求解.【解答】∵f(x)为奇函数,且在(−∞, 0)内是减函数,f(−2)=0,∴f(−2)=−f(2)=0,在(0, +∞)内是减函数∴x f(x)<0则{x>0f(x)<0=f(2)或{x<0f(x)>0=f(−2)根据在(−∞, 0)内是减函数,在(0, +∞)内是减函数解得:x∈(−∞, −2)∪(2, +∞)7.【答案】A【考点】直线的点斜式方程两条直线垂直与倾斜角、斜率的关系【解析】先根据垂直关系求出所求直线的斜率,由点斜式求直线方程,并化为一般式.【解答】解:设A(1, 2),则OA的斜率等于2,故所求直线的斜率等于−12,由点斜式求得所求直线的方程为y−2=−12(x−1),化简可得x+2y−5=0,故选A.8.【答案】B【考点】由三视图求体积【解析】三棱锥是底面是等腰直角三角形,腰长是1,.一条侧棱与底面垂直,且这条侧棱的长度是√2,根据三棱锥的体积公式写出体积的表示式,得到结果.【解答】解:∵由三视图知,三棱锥是底面是等腰直角三角形,底边上的高是1,一条侧棱与底面垂直,且这条侧棱的长度是√3,∴三棱锥的体积是13×√3×12×1×2=√33,故选B9.【答案】A【考点】直线的斜率【解析】画出图形,由题意得所求直线l的斜率k满足k≥k PB或k≤k PA,用直线的斜率公式求出k PB和k PA的值,解不等式求出直线l的斜率k的取值范围.【解答】解:如图所示:由题意得,所求直线l的斜率k满足k≥k PB或k≤k PA,即k≥34或k≤4故选:A.10.【答案】C【考点】直线与平面所成的角【解析】要求线面角,先寻找斜线在平面上的射影,因此,要寻找平面的垂线,利用已知条件可得.【解答】解:由题意,连接A1C1,交B1D1于点O∵长方体ABCD−A1B1C1D1中,AB=BC=4∴C1O⊥B1D1∴C1O⊥平面DBB1D1在Rt△BOC1中,OC1=2√2,BC1=2√5∴直线BC1和平面DBB1D1所成角的正弦值为√105故选C.11.【答案】C【考点】求线性目标函数的最值【解析】由题意可得yx表示以(0, 3)为圆心1为半径的圆上的点和原点连线的斜率k,由直线和圆的位置关系数形结合可得.【解答】解:∵实数x、y满足x2+(y−3)2=1,∴yx表示以(0, 3)为圆心1为半径的圆上的点和原点连线的斜率k,当直线与圆相切时,联立x2+(y−3)2=1和y=kx消去y并整理可得(1+k2)x2−6kx+8=0,由△=36k2−32(1+k2)=0可解得k=±2√2,故yx的取值范围是[−2√2, 2√2],故选:C .12.【答案】 B【考点】函数的零点与方程根的关系 【解析】作函数f(x)={|x +1|,x ≤0|log 2x|,x >0的图象如下,由图象可得x 1+x 2=−2,x 3x 4=1;1<x 4≤2;从而化简x 3(x 1+x 2)+1x 32x 4,利用函数的单调性求取值范围.【解答】解:作函数f(x)={|x +1|,x ≤0|log 2x|,x >0,的图象如下,由图可知,x 1+x 2=−2,x 3x 4=1;1<x 4≤2; 故x 3(x 1+x 2)+1x 32x 4=−2x 4+x 4,其在1<x 4≤2上是增函数, 故−2+1<−2x 4+x 4≤−1+2;即−1<−2x 4+x 4≤1;故选B .二.填空题(每小题5分,共4题,共20分) 【答案】2√3【考点】直线与圆的位置关系 【解析】可以直接求出A 、B 然后求值;也可以用圆心到直线的距离来求解. 【解答】解:圆心为(0, 0),半径为2√2,圆心到直线x −2y +5=0的距离为d =22=√5,故(|AB|2)2+(√5)2=(2√2)2,得|AB|=2√3. 故答案为:2√3. 【答案】 9【考点】函数的概念及其构成要素 【解析】1的原象是正负1;2的原象是正负√2.值域为{1, 2},由此来判断解析式为y =x 2,值域为{1, 2}的“同族函数”的个数. 【解答】解:1的原象是正负1;2的原象是正负√2.值域为{1, 2},所以y =x 2的同族函数只有9个,定义域分别为{1, √2},{−√2, −1},{√2, −1},{−√2, 1}, {−√2, −1, 1},{√2, −1, 1},{−√2, √2, −1},{−√2, √2, 1},{−√2, √2, 1, −1},共9个 故答案为:9. 【答案】 24+18π或24+8π【考点】旋转体(圆柱、圆锥、圆台) 柱体、锥体、台体的面积求解【解析】已知圆柱的侧面展开图是边长为4和6的矩形,分两种情况:①6=2πr ,②4=2πr ,然后再分别求解. 【解答】解:∵ 圆柱的侧面展开图是边长为4和6的矩形, ①若6=2πr ,则r =3π,∴ 圆柱的表面积为:4×6+2×π×(3π)2=24+18π;②若4=2πr ,r =2π,∴ 圆柱的表面积为:4×6+2×π×(2π)2=24+8π.故答案为:24+18π或24+8π.【答案】 3π【考点】球的表面积和体积 【解析】把四面体补成正方体,两者的外接球是同一个,求出正方体的棱长,然后求出正方体的对角线长,就是球的直径,即可求出球的表面积. 【解答】如图,将四面体补成正方体,则正方体的棱长是1,正方体的对角线长为:√3, 则此球的表面积为:4π×(√32)2=3π三.解答题(本大题共6个小题,共70分,解答题应写出文字说明.证明过程或演算步骤.) 【答案】解:(1)A ={x|12<2x<4}={x|−1<x <2},B ={x|log 3x ≤2}={x|0<x ≤9, 所以A ∩B ={x|0<x <2}; (2)A ∪B ={x|−1<x ≤9},C U (A ∪B)={x|x ≤−1或x >9.【考点】交、并、补集的混合运算 【解析】(1)求解指数不等式和对数不等式化简集合A ,B ,然后直接利用交集概念求解; (2)直接利用补集运算求解. 【解答】解:(1)A ={x|12<2x <4}={x|−1<x <2},B ={x|log 3x ≤2}={x|0<x ≤9, 所以A ∩B ={x|0<x <2}; (2)A ∪B ={x|−1<x ≤9},C U (A ∪B)={x|x ≤−1或x >9. 【答案】解:(1)3x +4y −20=0的斜率为−34,因为l 1 // l ,所以k 1=−34, 代入点斜式,得y −3=−34(x +1),化简,得3x +4y −9=0.(2)A ,B 的中点坐标为(2, −2),因为l 2⊥l ,所以k 2=43, 代入点斜式,得y +2=43(x −2), 化简,得4x −3y −14=0.【考点】直线的一般式方程与直线的平行关系 直线的一般式方程与直线的垂直关系【解析】(1)根据两直线平行,斜率相等,求出直线的斜率,用点斜式求得直线l 1的方程.(2)A ,B 的中点坐标,根据两直线垂直,斜率之积等于−1,求出直线的斜率,用点斜式求得直线l 2的方程. 【解答】解:(1)3x +4y −20=0的斜率为−34,因为l 1 // l ,所以k 1=−34, 代入点斜式,得y −3=−34(x +1), 化简,得3x +4y −9=0.(2)A ,B 的中点坐标为(2, −2),因为l 2⊥l ,所以k 2=43, 代入点斜式,得y +2=43(x −2), 化简,得4x −3y −14=0.【答案】 证明:(1)∵ M 为AB 中点,D 为PB 中点, ∴ MD // AP , 又MD ⊄平面APC , ∴ MD // 平面APC .(2)∵ △PMB 为正三角形,且D 为PB 中点, ∴ MD ⊥PB .又由(1)知MD // AP , ∴ AP ⊥PB .又已知AP ⊥PC ,PB ∩PC =P∴ AP ⊥平面PBC ,而BC 包含于平面PBC , ∴ AP ⊥BC ,又AC ⊥BC ,而AP ∩AC =A , ∴ BC ⊥平面APC , 又BC 包含于平面ABC∴ 平面ABC ⊥平面PAC . 【考点】直线与平面平行的判定 平面与平面垂直的判定【解析】(1)∵ M 为AB 中点,D 为PB 中点,由中位线定理得MD // AP ,由线面平行的判定证得MD // 平面APC ; (2)先证得AP ⊥BC ,又有AC ⊥BC ,通过线面垂直的判定证出BC ⊥平面APC ,再由面面垂直的判定证出平面ABC ⊥平面PAC .【解答】 证明:(1)∵ M 为AB 中点,D 为PB 中点, ∴ MD // AP ,又MD⊄平面APC,∴MD // 平面APC.(2)∵△PMB为正三角形,且D为PB中点,∴MD⊥PB.又由(1)知MD // AP,∴AP⊥PB.又已知AP⊥PC,PB∩PC=P∴AP⊥平面PBC,而BC包含于平面PBC,∴AP⊥BC,又AC⊥BC,而AP∩AC=A,∴BC⊥平面APC,又BC包含于平面ABC∴平面ABC⊥平面PAC.【答案】(1)证明:连接BD,AC交于O点,∵PB=PD,∴PO⊥BD,又ABCD是菱形,∴BD⊥AC,∵PO⊂平面PAC,AC⊂平面PAC,AC∩PO=O,∴BD⊥平面PAC.(2)则AC=2√3,∵△ABD和△PBD的三边长均为2,∴△ABD≅△PBD,∴AO=PO=√3,∴AO2+PO2=PA2,∴AC⊥PO,S△PAC=12⋅AC⋅PO=3,V P−BCE=V B−PEC=12V B−PAC=12⋅13⋅S△PAC⋅BO=12×13×3×1=12.【考点】棱柱、棱锥、棱台的侧面积和表面积直线与平面垂直【解析】(Ⅰ)连接BD,AC交于O点,分别证明出PO⊥BD,BD⊥AC,根据线面垂直的判定定理证明出BD⊥平面PAC.(Ⅱ)先证明出△ABD≅△PBD,求得PO,根据勾股定理证明出AC⊥PO,求得△PAC的面积,最后根据V P−BCE=V B−PEC=12V B−PAC求得答案.【解答】(1)证明:连接BD,AC交于O点,∵PB=PD,∴PO⊥BD,又ABCD是菱形,∴BD⊥AC,∵PO⊂平面PAC,AC⊂平面PAC,AC∩PO=O,∴BD⊥平面PAC.(2)则AC=2√3,∵△ABD和△PBD的三边长均为2,∴△ABD≅△PBD,∴AO=PO=√3,∴AO2+PO2=PA2,∴AC⊥PO,S△PAC=12⋅AC⋅PO=3,V P−BCE=V B−PEC=12V B−PAC=12⋅13⋅S△PAC⋅BO=12×13×3×1=12.【答案】解:(1)f(x)=log4(4x+1),∵log4(4x+1)>12⇔4x+1>2,∴x>0,即不等式的解集为(0, +∞).…(2)由于f(x)为偶函数,∴f(−x)=f(x)即log4(4−x+1)−kx=log4(4x+1)+kx,∴2kx=log4(4−x+1)−log4(4x+1)=log44−x+14x+1=−x对任意实数x都成立,所以k=−12…【考点】函数奇偶性的性质对数函数图象与性质的综合应用【解析】(1)根据对数的单调性解对数不等式;(2)根据偶函数的性质求常数k.【解答】解:(1)f(x)=log4(4x+1),∵log4(4x+1)>12⇔4x+1>2,∴x>0,即不等式的解集为(0, +∞).…(2)由于f(x)为偶函数,∴f(−x)=f(x)即log4(4−x+1)−kx=log4(4x+1)+kx,∴2kx=log4(4−x+1)−log4(4x+1)=log44−x+14x+1=−x对任意实数x都成立,所以k=−12…【答案】解:(1)(x−1)2+(y−2)2=5−m,∴方程表示圆时,m<5;(2)设M(x1, y1),N(x2, y2),则x1=4−2y1,x2=4−2y2,得x1x2=16−8(y1+y2)+4y1y2,∵OM⊥ON,∴x1x2+y1y2=0,∴16−8(y1+y2)+5y1y2=0①,由{x=4−2yx2+y2−2x−4y+m=0,得5y2−16y+m+8=0,∴y1+y2=165,y1y2=8+m5.代入①得m=85.(3)以MN为直径的圆的方程为(x−x1)(x−x2)+(y−y1)(y−y2)=0,即x2+y2−(x1+x2)x−(y1+y2)y=0,∴所求圆的方程为x2+y2−85x−165y=0.【考点】直线与圆的位置关系二元二次方程表示圆的条件圆的一般方程【解析】(1)圆的方程化为标准方程,利用半径大于0,可得m的取值范围;(2)直线方程与圆方程联立,利用韦达定理及OM⊥ON,建立方程,可求m的值;(3)写出以MN为直径的圆的方程,代入条件可得结论.【解答】解:(1)(x−1)2+(y−2)2=5−m,∴方程表示圆时,m<5;(2)设M(x1, y1),N(x2, y2),则x1=4−2y1,x2=4−2y2,得x1x2=16−8(y1+y2)+4y1y2,∵OM⊥ON,∴x1x2+y1y2=0,∴16−8(y1+y2)+5y1y2=0①,由{x=4−2yx2+y2−2x−4y+m=0,得5y2−16y+m+8=0,∴y1+y2=165,y1y2=8+m5.代入①得m=85.(3)以MN为直径的圆的方程为(x−x1)(x−x2)+(y−y1)(y−y2)=0,即x2+y2−(x1+x2)x−(y1+y2)y=0,∴所求圆的方程为x2+y2−85x−165y=0.。
许昌市三校联考高一上学期第二次考试数学试题一、选择题(每小题5分,共12题,共60分)1.若错误!未找到引用源。
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许昌三校联考高一上学期第四次考试 化学试卷 可能用到的相对原子质量: N 14 H 1 C 12 O 16 Cl 35.5 S 32 Na 23 一选择题:(每个小题只有一个选项符合题意,3×=60分) 1 ①Si ②Al ③Cl ④Fe ⑤Na A.①②⑤ B.①② C.①②③ D.①②③④⑤ 2. 下列关于物质用途的说法中,不正确的是 A.硅酸钠可用于制备硅胶和木材防火剂等B.氧化铝熔点高可用作耐火材料 C.晶体硅可用于制造光导纤维 D.氯水和臭氧可用于自来水消毒 3. 下列关于氧化还原反应的叙述中,正确的是 A.有单质参加的反应一定是氧化还原反应 B.燃烧反应必须有氧气作氧化剂 C.2Fe+3Cl2===2FeCl3 ; Fe+SFeS 由此可以判断氧化性:Cl2>S D.Mg在化学反应中失去2个电子,而Al在化学反应中失去3个电子 ,因此还原性 Al>Mg 4.NA表示阿伏加德罗常数,下列说法正确的是 A.3.55gCl2通入足量水中充分反应,转移电子数为NA B.18 g NH4+含有质子数为10NA C.13.8g NO2与足量水反应时,转移电子的数目为0.2NA D.标准状况下,相同体积的SO3、HCl、NO含有的分子数相同 5.下列实验操作中正确的是( ) 蒸馏操作时,温度计水银球靠近蒸馏烧瓶的底部,且向蒸馏液体中加入几块沸石,以防止暴沸 蒸发操作时,应使混合物中的水分完全蒸干后,才能停止加热 焰色反应每次实验都要先用稀硫酸洗净铂丝 过滤、结晶、灼烧、萃取、分液和蒸馏等都是常用的分离混合物的方法 A.Na放入水中,产生气体:2Na + 2H2O = 2Na+ + 2OH- + H2↑ B.在澄清的石灰水中通入过量SO2:SO2+OH-==HSO3 C.Al片与少量NaOH溶液反应,产生气体:2Al + 2OH-+2H2O=2AlO2— +3H2↑ D.次氯酸钙溶液中通入少量SO2气体:Ca2++2ClO+SO2+H2O=CaSO3↓+2HClO 下列是 A.B.下列实验方法正确的是 A.要使AlCl3溶液中Al3+全部沉淀出来可使用氨水 .某气体能使品红溶液褪色,该气体一定为SO2 NaHCO3溶液除去混在Cl2中的HCl气体 D.用Cl2除去Fe2(SO4)3溶液中的少量FeSO4 9.取一定量的饱和氯水与CaCO3粉末混合,观察到氯水的黄绿色褪去,静置后取上层澄清溶液四份,分别进行以下实验: ①一份滴加盐酸,产生大量气泡;②一份滴加NaOH溶液,出现白色沉淀 ③一份用酒精灯加热出现白色沉淀; ④将有色布条浸入第四份溶液,布条立即褪色 根据以上判断下列说法中错误的是( ) A.整个实验过程中未涉及氧化还原反应B.由①、②可知澄清溶液中的含有Ca(HCO3)2 C.②、③中的白色沉淀为CaCO3D.由④可知澄清溶液中含有HClO C.固体溶解后,将溶液转移到容最瓶中,然后向容最瓶中直接加水稀释到刻度线 D.配制溶液时容量瓶中原来有少量蒸馏水不会影响实验结果 11.将装有60 mLNO2、NO混合气的量筒倒立于水槽中,反应后气体体积缩小为40mL,则 混合气体中NO2和NO的体积比是A. 53B. 23C. 11D. 21 12.实验室中可用如下反应制取氯气:2KMnO4+16HCl(浓)= 2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O A.KMnO4<Cl2B. mL12.8 mol/L的盐酸与足量的KMnO4反应,可生成1.6 molCl2 C.此反应中氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为1 D. 13.水溶液X中只可能溶有K+、Mg2+、Al3+、、、、、中的若干种离子。
许昌市三校联考高一上学期第一次考试语文试卷命题学校:襄城高中命题人:丁山党审题人:耿红所本试卷考试时间150 分钟,分值150 分第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读(9 分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1〜3题。
恒星考古:发现原始巨星踪迹①科学家们通过模拟早就预测到,第一代恒星中的某些恒星是非常巨大的,质量超过太阳质量的100倍,在仅仅几百万年的时间里就经历了生存和死亡,这个时间在宇宙中相当于一眨眼的功夫。
但天文学家们一直没有发现第一代恒星存在的迹象。
他们只能推测,那些恒星可能是在宇宙大爆炸发生之后最初的几亿年里形成的,由氢、氦和微量的锂构成,随着那些恒星作为超新星爆炸之后,产生了第一批重元素,通过这些重元素演化出了后来的星系和恒星。
②目前,利用一项被称为“恒星考古”的技术,日本国家天文台的青木和光及同事发现了这种恒星的首个迹象,这种迹象保存在其远古后代的化学成分。
第一代恒星的遗迹存在于一颗叫做S DSS J0018-0939的恒星中,其中的化学成分表明该恒星形成于一个气团,气团是由一颗非常巨大的恒星爆炸后所产生的材料构成的。
③第二代恒星燃烧较慢,已经存在了大约130亿年,它们中含有微量的较重的元素,这表明这些恒星是由一种气体聚结而成的,以前的一颗或数颗超新星产物使这种气体丰富起来。
“这就像柜橱里层的罐子中所盛的豆子,它们永远在那里呆着,但你可以随时打开” 剑桥市麻省理工学院的天体物理学家安娜弗雷贝尔说,“通过研究,科学家们能够将形成恒星的气体成分搞清,进而可以了解哪些成分以及各有多少成分来自于第一代恒星。
”④跟铁之类的较重元素相比,恒星S DSS J0018-0939中碳、镁和钙等较轻元素的丰度很低。
研究者对于这种特性,最有可能的解释就是一种叫做“不稳定对超新星”的特大质量恒星发生了爆炸。
⑤当恒星的核心温度变得非常高时,成对的光子变成成对的电子和正电子,这时就会形成不稳定对超新星,结果外表压力下降引起恒星产生明显的塌缩,发生巨大的热核爆炸。
许昌三校联考高一上学期第四次考试文科数学试卷第Ⅰ卷(共60分)一、选择题:本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项 是符合题目要求的.1.设集合{|1A x =-≤x ≤2},B={x |0≤x ≤4},则A∩B= ( ) A .[0,2] B .[1,2] C .[0,4] D .[1,4] 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析:两集合的交集为两集合的相同的元素构成的集合,所以{}|02A B x x =≤≤考点:集合的交集运算2.设l ,m 是两条不同的直线,α是一个平面,则下列命题正确的是( ) A .若l m ⊥,m α⊂,则l α⊥ B .若l α⊥,l m //,则m α⊥ C .若l α//,m α⊂,则l m // D .若l α//,m α//,则l m //【答案】B 【解析】试题分析:A ,根据线面垂直的判定定理,要垂直平面内两条相交直线才行,不正确; C :l ∥α,m ⊂α,则l ∥m 或两线异面,故不正确.D :平行于同一平面的两直线可能平行,异面,相交,不正确.B :由线面垂直的性质可知:平行线中的一条垂直于这个平面则另一条也垂直这个平面.故正确. 考点:线面平行垂直的判定与性质3.平行线0943=-+y x 和0286=++y x 的距离是 ( )A .58B .2C .511 D .57 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析:3490681802x y x y d +-=∴+-=∴考点:平行线距离4.设1232,2()((2))log (1) 2.x e x f x f f x x -⎧⎪=⎨-≥⎪⎩<,则的值为, ( ) A .0 B .1 C .2 D .3 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析:()()03((2))log 3122f f f f e ====考点:分段函数求值5.△ABC 是边长为1的正三角形,那么△ABC 的斜二测平面直观图C B A '''∆的面积为( )A .43 B .83 C .86 D .166 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析:正三角形ABC 的边长为1, 故直观图△A ′B ′C=考点:斜二测画法6.设 错误!未找到引用源。
许昌市三校联考2015-2016高一上学期第一次考试化学试卷命题学校:襄城高中命题人:杨辉审题人:刘国平考试时间90分钟满分100分可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-l2 O-16 Na-23 S-32 C1-35.5第I卷选择题(共54分)一、选择题(每题只有一个正确答案,每题3分,共54分)1.下列各组物质,按化合物、单质、混合物顺序排列的是()A.烧碱液态氧碘酒B.生石灰白磷熟石灰C.干冰铁水D.盐酸氮气胆矾2.当光束通过下列分散系:①有尘埃的空气②稀硫酸③蔗糖溶液④血液,能产生丁达尔效应的是()A.①②B. ②③C. ①④D. ③④3.用NA表示阿伏加德罗常数值,下列叙述正确的是( )A.标准状况下,22.4LH2O含有的分子数为NAB.常温常压下,1.06gNa2CO3含有的Na数为0.02N AC.常温常压下,N A个CO2分子占有的体积为22.4LD.物质的量浓度为0.5mol/L的MgCl2溶液中,含有的Cl-数为N A4. 在下列操作中,所使用的仪器能够达到目的的是()A.用5mL量筒准确量取4.55mL水B.称量4.5g纯碱时,将纯碱放在称量纸上置于托盘天平的右盘,将砝码放在托盘天平的左盘C.过滤时用玻璃棒搅拌漏斗内的液体,以加速过滤D.萃取操作时,选择萃取剂的密度可以比水大也可以比水小5.下列说法中正确的是()A.摩尔既是物质的数量单位又是物质的质量单位B.物质的量是国际单位制中七个基本单位之一C.阿伏加德罗常数是0.012kg12C中含有的碳原子数目D.标准状况下,1mo lH2O所占的体积为22.4L6.下列实验操作不正确的是()7.下列关于胶体的叙述不正确的是()A.胶体区别于其他分散系的本质特征是分散质的微粒直径介于1nm--100nm之间B.由于氢氧化铁胶体带正电荷,所以有电泳现象C.向豆浆中加入盐卤做豆腐,利用了胶体的聚沉性质D.将饱和FeCl3溶液滴入沸水中,并继续煮沸至红褐色液体,即为Fe(OH)3胶体8.在一定温度、压强下,1体积X2(气)和3体积Y2(气)化合生成2体积的气体化合物,则该气体化合物的化学式为()A.XY3 B.XY C.X3Y D.X2Y39.常温下,四个容积为20L的容器中分别装有质量相同的下列气体,产生的压强最大的是()A.Cl2B.HCl C.SO2D.CO210. 下列各选项括号中的物质是除去杂质所需要的药品,其中错误的是()A.NaCl中含有杂质Na2SO4(硝酸钡)B.FeSO4中含有杂质CuSO4(铁粉)C.CO2中含有少量HCl气体(碳酸氢钠溶液)D.CO2中含有少量的CO(灼热的氧化铜)11.下列化学实验基本操作中正确的是( )A.加热灼烧海带时要在蒸发皿中进行B.蒸馏时,水从冷凝管上部通入,从下部流出C.向某溶液中加入AgNO溶液,生成白色沉淀,该溶液一定含有Cl-D.分液时,碘的四氯化碳溶液从分液漏斗下口放出,水层从上口倒出12.过滤后的食盐水仍含有可溶性的CaCl2、MgCl2、Na2SO4等杂质,通过如下几个实验步骤,可制得纯净的食盐水:①加入稍过量的Na2CO3溶液;②加入稍过量的NaOH溶液;③加入稍过量的BaCl2溶液;④滴入稀盐酸至无气泡产生;⑤过滤正确的操作顺序()A.①②③⑤④B.③②①⑤④C.②③①④⑤D.③⑤②①④13.实验室用下列溶质配制一种混合溶液,已知溶液中c(K+)=c(Cl-)=1/2c(Na+)=c(SO42-),则其溶质可能是( )A.KCl、Na2SO4B.KCl、Na2SO4、NaClC.NaCl、K2SO4D.KCl、K2SO4、Na2SO414.现有H2、CO(体积比为1∶2)的混合气体VL,当其完全燃烧时所需O2体积为()A.VL B.2VL C.0.5VL D.无法计算15、下列溶液中Cl-浓度与50 mL 1mol/LAlCl3溶液中Cl-浓度相等的是()A.150mL1mol/L的NaCl溶液B.150mL3mol/L的NH4Cl溶液C.150mL 2mol/L的KCl溶液D.75 mL1 mol/L的FeCl2溶液16.科学家已发现一种新型氢分子,其化学式为H3,在相同条件下,等质量的H3和H2相同的是()A.物质的量B.分子数C.体积D.电子数17.同温同压下,某容器充满O2重116g,若充满CO2重122g,现充满某气体重114 g,则某气体的相对分子质量为( )A.28 B.60 C.36 D.418、相对分子质量为a的某物质在室温下的溶解度为bg,此时测得饱和溶液的密度为c g·cm-3,则该饱和溶液的物质的量浓度是( )第II卷非选择题(共46分)19. (14分)(1)24.5g硫酸中所含的氧原子数目为,48g的氧气在标准状况下的体积是。
) 2 ()3 8 AB 25)4 CA 0B12D35 .3 .3 、6 CABD881646 为 A B CD B 8 ( ) 2&23 CABD3 3339 B俯视侧1视正视C.耳5D. 75许昌三校联考高一上学期第四次考试理科数学试卷7.过点(1,2),且与原点距离最大的直线方程是()已知点A(2,-3)、 B( -3, -2)直线I 过点P(1,1),且与线段AB 相交,则直线I 的斜率的取值k 范围是 ()一、选择题(每小题 5分,共12题,共60分)1.设集合 A 二{x|_1 < x w 2},B={ x |0 w x w 4},则 A n B=(A . : 0,2 :B • : 1,2 :C . : 0,4 :D . [1,4 :设l , m 是两条不同的直线,.:<.是一个平面,则下列命题正确的是()A .若 I _ m , m 二 X ,贝U I _B .若 I _ :- , 1〃 m ,则 m_m// :,则 1〃 m平行线3x 4y -9 =0和6x 8y ^0的距离是|2e xA x V2f(x) = 2,则f(f(2))的值为([Iog 3(x -1), xZ2.△ ABC 是边长为1的正三角形,那么△ ( )ABC 的斜二测平面直观图 .A B C 的面积为(-◎0)内是减函数,A . x 2y-5=03A . k 或 k - -443 1k 一 _ 或 k _ __4 4C.若 I// :- , m 二:工,则 I// mD.若 I// :-, 设 fH ,则工代刃的解集2x y _4 = 0C. x 3y -7 = 0D已知三棱锥的三视图如图所示形,俯视图为等腰直角三角形 设 '为奇函数,且在()C-X0)U (2, + co) .x -2y 3 = 0,其中侧视图为直角三角则此三棱锥的体积等于(-呵一 2) u (0H 2) (-2,0) u (02)3D . k 乞4411.如果实数x、y满足等式X2+ (y —3)2= 1,那么三的取值范围是()B .(―汽―2 2]D .(―汽―2 2] U [2 2 ,+口x< 0',若方程.迁J二爲有四个不同的解,,,•,叼(叼+ x2)+ ~T—且贝y ■的取值范围是()A. I -」B. I ■ ■ ■)C. ':■)D. :-叮丨二、填空题(每小题5分,共4题,共20分)13. 直线x —2y+ 5 = 0与圆x2+ y2= 8相交于A B两点,贝U | AE| = _______ .14. 若一系列函数的解析式相同、值域相同,但其定义域不同,则称这些函数为”同族函数”,那么函数解析式为:二:,值域为」的”同族函数”共有 _________________ 个.15. 已知圆柱的侧面展开图是边长为4和6的矩形,则该圆柱的表面积为 _______________ .16. 一个四面体的所有棱长为2,四个顶点在同一球面上,则此球的表面积为 ___________三、解答题(本大题共6个小题,共70分,解答题应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)17. (本小题满分10分)10.如图,已知长方体ABCD -A1B1C1D1中,A^B^4,CC^2,则直线BC1和平面DBB1D1所成的正弦值等于()CC1A. Q B2 • 2C•亘 D .105 • 103C. 一4 M k 三一A. [2 2,+^)C. [ —2 2, 2 2]_ [lx+ 1112.已知函数1' ■'(I)求Ap| B ;(n)求C U(A U B).已知全集U二R, A = x| 1 <2x:4 , B J x|log3x(I)求Ap| B ;(n)求C U(A U B).18. (本小题满分12 分)已知点| 和直线:—.二二⑴求过点•与直线平行的直线的方程;⑵ 求过厂的中点与垂直的直线的方程.19. (本小题满分12分)点,D为如图,在三棱锥A—BPC中,AP丄PC,ACLBC,M 为AB中PB中点,且厶PMB为正三角形•(I )求证:MD//平面APC;(II )求证:平面ABCL平面APC.20. (本小题满分12分)如图,四棱锥P - ABCD的底面ABCD是边长为2的菱形,.BAD = 60:•已知PB二PD=2, PAL6.(I)证明:PC _ BD(I)若E为PA的中点,求三菱锥P- BCE的体积.21. (本小题满分12分)已知函数f(x)=log4 4x1 kx k R .1(1) 若k =0,求不等式f x .-的解集;2(2) 若f x为偶函数,求k的值.22. (本小题满分12分)已知圆x2y2_2x_4y m=0.(1) 此方程表示圆,求m的取值范围;(2) 若(1)中的圆与直线x 2y -4 0相交于M、N两点,且OM _ ON ( O为坐标原点), 求m的值;(3) 在(2)的条件下,求以MN为直径的圆的方程.高一上学期期末考试理科数学试题答案选择题1 A2 B3 B4 C5 D6 C 7A 8 B 9 A 10 C 11 D 12 D填空题13、「14 、9 15三、解答题17、(I)A J x| _1 :::24 +半或4 +律16------------------ 2B =1x|0 :: x 乞9? ------------------------------ 4APlB 二Cx|O ::: x :: 2? ------------------------------(n)A U B二「x| —1 :::x乞9} ------------------- 7 分C U(A U B)J.x| x _ -1 或x 9? --------------------------- 10 分18、(1)设的方程为烏,将•点的坐标代入得•二:::所以的方程为^ • ------------------ 6 分⑵设的方程为将•的中点代入得池二1 ,所以的方程为,* 二二--------------------------------- 1219、解(I ) TM为AB中点,D为PB中点,••• MD//AP,又MD平面ABC, AP 平面ABC••• MD〃平面APC ---------- 4 分(n ) •••△PMB为正三角形,且D为PB中点,••• MDL PB.又由(I )知MD//AP,二AP L PB.又已知AP L PC,PBA PC=P••• AP L平面PBC而BC包含于平面PBC,••• AP L BC,又AC L BC而AP A AC=A,二BC L平面APC,又BC平面ABCL20、(1)证明:连接BD,AC交于O点T PB^PD PO —BD分21、 (1) f(x)=log 4 4x 1 , :log 4 4x 1 --.x 0,即不等式的解集为0,;⑵由于 f x 为偶函数,f -x = f (x)即 log 4 4」-1 - kx = log 4 4x 1 i 亠 kx ,_xx4• 2kx=log 4 4 1 - log 4 41 =log^x4 +1所以k —丄222、(1)方程 x 2 y 2 -2x -4y m =0,可化为(x — 1)2 + (y — 2)2= 5- m •••此方程表示圆, ••• 5— m>0, 即卩 m< 5.x 2+ y 2— 2x — 4y + m= 0, x + 2y — 4= 0,消去 x 得(4 — 2y) + y — 2 x (4 — 2y) — 4y + 0,化简得 5y — 16y +8 = 0.16 y 1+ y 2=丁,即 a+ (4 — 2y 1)(4 — 2y 2)= 0, 将①②两式代入上式得 8=0,解之得m=. 5儿 + 力=半 北1 +尤2 = 4 _ 2儿 + 4 _ 2力 =g由⑵可知」贝UJ4 8、◎,8丿又 ABCD 是菱形 .BD _ AC 而 AC - PO = O BD 丄面 PAC ⑵ 由(1) BD 丄面PAC BD 丄 PC_ 3 PAC —2131川叮八'-----12分4x 12 ,•1二一X 对任意实数x 都成立, 12分设 M(x 1, y <), N X 2, y 2),则yy =罟.②由 OM L ON 得 y 1y 2+ X 1X 2= 0, •-16 — 8( y 1 + y 2) + 5yy 2= 0. 16 m + 816— 8x + 5x -55••• MN 的中点C 的坐标为 S' PEC —R= \0C\=^又I 5(4\ (81 16-12分•••所求圆的方程为x —5 2+ y—5l= ~r.< 5丿< 5丿5。
河南省许昌市许昌高级中学、襄城高中、长葛市第一高级中学三校2015-2016学年高一上学期第二次(期中)考试一、选择题(每小题只有一个正确答案,每题1.5分共60分)1.比利时布鲁塞尔一家医院传出一起感染NDM-1细菌死亡病例。
法新社透露,这名比利时男子是“NDM-1超级细菌”致死第一人。
下列有关“NDM-1超级细菌”的叙述,不正确的是()A.“NDM-1超级细菌”具有与真核细胞相似的细胞膜B. 从生命系统的结构层次来看,“NDM-1超级细菌”既是细胞层次也是个体层次C.“NDM-1超级细菌”的生命活动离不开细胞D. “NDM-1超级细菌”与人体细胞相比,在结构上的主要区别是没有染色体2.下列哪项不是真核细胞和原核细胞的区别()A.真核细胞的遗传物质是DNA,但有的原核细胞遗传物质是RNAB.真核细胞有细胞核,但原核细胞没有C.真核细胞具有多种细胞器,但原核细胞只有核糖体一种细胞器D.真核细胞的体积一般比原核细胞大3.生命系统有许多结构层次,下列选项中属于种群层次的是()A.洞庭湖湿地的所有生物B.广东和广西境内的全部猕猴C.一块稻田中所有蝗虫的卵、幼虫和成虫D.一个蜂箱中全部的工蜂4.下列各组物质中,由相同种类元素组成的是()A.胆固醇、脂肪酸、脂肪酶B.DNA、RNA、磷脂C.氨基酸、核苷酸、磷酸D.性激素、纤维素、胰岛素5.水华和赤潮分别是因淡水和海水水域长期被污染后,水体富营养化而产生的。
它们会给水产养殖业造成极大的经济损失。
下列生物中与产生这种现象关系密切的是() A.蓝藻类B.苔藓类C.草履虫D.细菌类6.用显微镜观察标本时,正确的操作顺序应是()①把装片放在载物台上,使标本位于低倍物镜的正下方②眼睛从侧面注视物镜,转动粗准焦螺旋使镜筒下降至离标本0.5 cm处③转动转换器,使低倍物镜对准通光孔④调节反光镜,左眼注视目镜,使视野明亮⑤用左眼注视目镜,同时转动粗准焦螺旋使镜筒上升,直到看见物像;再用细准焦螺旋调节,使视野中的物像清晰⑥转动转换器使高倍物镜对准通光孔⑦转动细准焦螺旋,直到物像清晰⑧将要观察的物像移到视野中央A.①③②④⑤⑦⑧⑥B.③④①②⑤⑧⑥⑦C.④③①⑦②⑥⑤⑧D.①②③④⑦⑥⑤⑧7.由我国自主开发的艾滋病病毒膜融合抑制剂--西夫韦肽已顺利完成Ⅱb期临床试验。
绝密★启用前2015-2016学年河南省许昌市许昌高级中学、襄城高中、长葛市第一高级中学三校高一上学期第二次(期中)考试英语期中试卷1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷(选择题)请点击修改第I卷的文字说明一、阅读理解:共15题每题2分共30分Do you like chocolate? Maybe most people do. A box of it can be a great gift. Buy one for a friend and give it as a surprise. See how happy that person gets.Say you just got a box of chocolate. Which piece do you pick first? A man has studied people’s choices. He says they tell something about the person. Did you choose a round piece? You are a person who likes to party. Did you choose an oval shape? You are a person who likes to make things. Picking a square shape shows something else. The person is honest and truthful. You can depend on him or her.What kind of chocolate do you pick? Maybe you like milk chocolate. This shows you have warm feelings about the past. Dark chocolate means something else. A person who chooses it looks toward the future. What about white chocolate? Would you choose it? If so, you may find it hard to make up your mind. Some people like chocolate with nuts. These are people who like to help others.Do you believe these ideas? Can candy tell all these things? It doesn’t really matter. There is one sure thing about eaters of chocolate. They eat it because they like it.1.This passage mainly tells us ______.A.why people like chocolateB.almost everyone likes chocolateC.about different kinds of chocolateD.different choices may show different characters2.Picking a round shape of chocolate shows that a person ______.A.likes singing, dancing and drinkingB.likes to do something for othersC.is good at making thingsD.can be depended on3.From this passage we can see that a helpful man may choose chocolate ______.A.in oval shapeB.in square shapeC.with nutsD.with coffee4.The last paragraph suggests that the writer ______.A.believes all the information about chocolateB.does not believe the information about candyC.is trying to get you to believe false informationD.doesn’t think it important whether you believe the ideas【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.D【解析】1.主旨大意题。
许昌市三校联考高一上学期第一次考试英语试卷考试时间120分钟满分150分出题学校:长葛一高出题人:张会娟审核:张冬蕾第一部分:阅读理解第一节(共17小题;每小题2.5分,满分42.5)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中,选出最佳选择AMy husband, my four-month-old daughter and I set out on a five-day driving journey from California to Washington. We had to stop frequently because our little child needed to stretch from the car seat.One of our stops, once we crossed the Oregon border, was at a Black Bear Diner. Walking towards the front door we noticed a gentleman standing at one side. He was clearly untidy, without shoes and wearing worn clothing. We passed right by him and opened the restaurant door. Then something told me to go back.Holding my daughter, I turned around and said to the gentleman, “Sir. Are you hungry?” He said, “Yes.” I then asked, “May we buy you something to eat?” He responded with, “Sure, I can order something myself.”My husband opened the door and the gentleman went straight to the counter. I told him to order whatever he wanted. The manager of the restaurant came over quite quickly and looked frightened.I spoke before he had an opportunity to. “This gentleman will have lunch with ustoday,”I said. “Please add his order to our bill.”The manager said with a frown( 皱眉), “Okay.” We turned to our table and the gentleman said, loudly and quickly, “Thank You!” We were seated and upon completing our meal we were handed our bill. I asked my husband what the gentleman had ordered. One fresh orange juice, one coffee, one breakfast combination with a side of hash browns.When we left the restaurant I looked for the gentleman but didn‟t see him, but that very small act just made m y d ay. I hope in some small way we were able to add some joy to his life, even if only for a few minutes.1. From the appearance of the gentleman, we can guess he was probably a(n) .A. beggarB. actorC. waiterD. worker2. The manager of the restaurant looked frightened because .A. the man was not friendlyB. he was afraid the man wouldn‟t afford to pay the foodC. he had fired the man beforeD. the man had stolen something from the restauran3. From the passage, we can infer the man .A. was too proud to accept their offerB. felt ashamed and slipped awayC.was hungry and ate a lot of food D.was thankful for their kind act4. The phrase “made my day” in the last paragraph probably means .A. wasted my moneyB. made me feel sorryC.made me very happyD. moved me deeplyBW elcome to one of the largest collections of footwear(鞋类)in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits(展品)from all over the world. Y ou can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars.” s hoesisof footwear.5. Where would you find a famous singer‟s shoes?A. Room 3.B. Room 2.C. Room 1.D. The Footwear Library.6. All exhibits in each room .A. belong to the same social classB.have the same shapeC.are made of the same materialD. share the same theme7. Which of the following is true according to the text?A.Researchers come to the Footwear Library for dataB.Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum.C.Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the other two.D.The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s8. The purpose of the text is to get more people to .A.do researchB. visit the museumC.d esign shoesD.follow celebritiesCOne of the simplest and the most effective forms of communication involves nothing more than the movement of facial muscles.What am I talking about?Smiling!Everyone understands what a smile means,and everyone also understands what a frown means.In fact,these two basic facial expressions can be recognized across countries,across the world and across the globe,regardless of the language spoken or the culture lived in.Hugs are so beautiful!When you give someone a hug or someone comes up and gives you a hug,this simple act of a hug can “speak” volumes about how much you care for the other person,how much love you want to share with the other person,how much you have missed the other person.This hug has so much to say,and yet there never has to be any words spoken. And,who needs to say the words “yes” or “n o” when a movement of the head says the samething.These basic examples show just how powerful body language can be.Just knowing how to read and use body language effectively,makes it really easy to see why it is not always a badthing to be lost for words.Body language in the world of love is a very common thing and sometimes the only thing.And,most of the time,body language is the very first words “spoken” before any words are.The old saying is “love at first sight”,not “love at first word”.Across a crowded room,their eyes meet and linger,he winks at her,and she raises an eyebrow.The connection is made without any words needed.These displays of body language say it all.In fact,sometimes theycan say more than words can.9. How many kinds of body language are mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.10.The author thinks it isn‟t a bad thing to be lost for words because .A.silence is usually better than wordsB.bodylanguage can save much time C.bodylanguage can be more effective D.too manywords may bring some trouble11.Which word can best describe body language according to the passage?A.Necessary.B.Important.C.W onderful.D.Powerful.12. The last paragraph talks about body language used .A. between two people in loveB.between two good friendsC. between family membersD.between close relatives13. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Many words are contained in a hug.B.Smiling means the same thing all over the world.C.W ords are not necessary in the world of romance.D.“Y e s” or “no” are usually replaced by body languageD“Keep your eyes on the ball.” That is good advice when you are on the playing field, and good advice for everyday life. “Keep your mind on what‟s important,” is the way I‟d put it. But people are funny. They think too much about the details.I had a secretary once. She was very hardworking. I ran a school and people used to call up to enroll for courses. Berry used to get angry at the phone. “If they keep on ringing, I‟ll never get my typing done!” she‟d shout.People just don‟t see the big picture. One evening, after leaving work, I was sitting next to a man on the train. I was feeling tired. My eyes fell on the paper he had spread out in front of him. Y ou know how you feel to read over someone‟s shoulder?I read the page and leaned back. I guessed I was waiting for him to turn it. After a while, I realized—he wasn‟t turning the page. He just kept on reading.Now if you knew the page he was reading, you‟d know that there weren‟t many words on the page to read anyway. The layout was mostly pictures. So I turned to the man and said,” Y ou know, you really read very slowly.”“What do you mean?” he asked. “W ell,” I told him, “I read the page in about a minute, and you have taken about ten. And you are still reading. Y ou know,” I went on “If you learned to read faster, you could get more reading done.” He remained silent for a minute or two. “If I read too fast, my paper wouldn‟t last me to my station.”14. The writer wasn‟t satisfied with his secretary because .A. she was easy to get angryB. she was too b usyC. she didn‟t put first thing firstD. she couldn‟t finish her work on time15. The train rider read newspaper .A. to kill timeB. to enjoy picturesC. to save timeD. to take in information16. The writer thinks that people seem to need a sense of .A. what to read firstB. how to read fastC. what is funnyD. what is important17. The passage is mainly about the writer‟s opinion on people‟s .A. workB. judgmentC. lifeD. habits 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5 分,满分12.5 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,(选项中有两项为多余选项)(18) Y ou probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here‟s how to plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating , sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying.(19) A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time.Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.Make good use of your time in class.(20)Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. (21) If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, andyou‟ll remember it longer.Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won‟t end if you don‟t pass a test, so don‟t be over worried.(22) Y ou will probably discover many others after you have tried these.A. There are other methods that might help you with your studying.B.Don‟t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.C. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.D.No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.E. Maybe you are an average student.F. Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.G.This will help you understand the next class.第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共10 小题;每小题1.5 分,满分15 分)阅读下面短文,从短文后个体所给的四个选项(A,B,C 和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate(使发生联系)red with a strong feeling like 23 . Red is used for signs of danger, such as STOP signsand fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 24 in autumn. People say orange is a lively color. They associate orange with happiness. Y ellow is the color of 25 . People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in 26 . People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people 27 two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and 28_. Where there are warm colorand a lot of light, people usually want to be 29 . Those who like to be with others like red. The cool colors are black and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to 30_ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good way for a living room or a _31_ . People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. 32_colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.23.A.sadness B.anger C.administration D.smilend B.grass C.mountains D.leaves25.A.sunlight B.moonlight C.light D.stars26.A.summer B.spring C.autumn D.winter27.A.speak B.say C.talk about D. tell28.A.yellow B.green C.white D.gray29.A.calm B.sleepy C.active D.helpful30.A.go along B.go round C.go off D. go by31.A.restaurant B.classroom C.factory D.hospital32.A.Different B.Cool C.W arm D.All第二节完形填空(共20 小题;每小题1.5 分,满分30 分)“I couldn‟t survive without music,” says fifteen-year-old Steve.In the morning,Steve wakes up 33_his favorite radio station.He listens to rock on the radio while he eats 34 .He puts on his personal stereo before he leaves the house and listens to cassettes on the bus to 35 .“Last week I put my head-phones on in the maths 36_,” admits Steve.“The teacher was really 37 .She took my head-phones away and I couldn‟t use them for a week.It was 38 .”At home Steve does his homework to music—loud music.“My mother 39 shou ts…Turn it down !‟” says St eve.“She can‟t 40 how I can work_41 music on ,but music_42 me to concentrat e.”Steve would like to make music himself.“I‟m learning to play the guitar. 43 ,it doesn‟t sound too good at the_44_.But I‟m going to keep practising!”For 45_like Steve,music is a very important part of 46 .Music is social;it brings people together at discos,parties and concerts.Fast,47 music is full of energy;it helpspeople to_48 their problems and have_49_.Music talks about love ,freedom andimagination.There are always new songs and new styles.50 Steve‟s mother agrees that music brings some problems.“Steve is a sensible boy,”she says.“I don‟t think he would ever take drugs hearing rock.But I 51 worry about his hearing with all that loud music.And it 52 me crazy!”33.A. to B.for C.with D.from34.A. dinner B.lunch C.supper D.breakfast35.A.work B.office C.school D.party36.A.workshop B.schoolroom C.dormitory D.class37.A. angry B.worried C.excited D.tired38.A. surprising B.hopeless C.poor D.terrible39.A. always B.seldom C.frequently ually40.A.expect B.bear C.understand D.believe41.A.while B.with C.for D.at42.A. causes B.leads C.helps D.forces43.A. Actually B.Unluckily C.Disappointingly D.Necessarily44.A.first st C.moment D.time45.A.boys B.girls C.friends D.teenagers46.A.study B.life C.family D.school47.A.sound B.noisy C.loud D.light48.A. settle B.forget C.remove D.leave49.A.smiles B.future C.fun D.sense50.A.And B.However C.Meanwhile D.But51.A.can B.do C.will D.should52.A.causes B.results C.Leaves D.drives第三节语法填空(共10 小题;每小题1.5 分,满分15 分)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
许昌市三校联考高一上学期第二次考试
化学试卷
命题学校:许昌高中
可能用到的相对原子质量:
H 1 O 16 C 12 N 14 S 32 Cu 64 K 39 Cl 35.5
I卷选择题(60分)
选择题(每小题只有一个正确答案,每小题3分,共60分)
1. 下图所示是分离混合物时常用的仪器,从左至右,可以进行的混合物分离操作分别是
()
A.蒸馏、蒸发、萃取、过滤
B.蒸馏、过滤、萃取、蒸发
C.萃取、过滤、蒸馏、蒸发
D.过滤、蒸发、萃取、蒸馏
2.“钴酞菁(直径为1.5×10-9m)”分子结构和性质与人体内的血红素及植物体内的叶绿素非常相似,我国科学家在世界上第一次为“钴酞菁”分子恢复了磁性。
下列说法不正确的是()
A.“钴酞菁”分子所形成的分散系具有丁达尔效应
B.“钴酞菁”分子既能透过滤纸,也能透过半透膜
C.此项工作可以用来改变分子的某些物理性质
D.将磁性物质制成胶体粒子作为药物的载体,可在磁场作用下送到病灶处。
3. 下列实验中能达到相应目的是()
A.①吸收氨气制氨水(已知氨气极易溶解于水)
B.②制取少量蒸馏水
C.③检验Na2CO3溶液中是否混有Na2SO4
D.④配制200mL 0.10 mol·L-1盐酸
4.某国外化学教材中有一张关于氧化还原反应的插图:
由图可知,在该反应中是( )
A.还原剂 B.氧化剂 C.还原产物 D.氧化产物
5. 下列溶液中Cl-物质的量浓度最大的是()
A.100mL 0.10 mol·L-1NaCl溶液 B.10mL 0.10 mol·L-1AlCl3溶液
某无土栽培用的营养液要求三种固体原料的物质的量之比为:1:4:8,若用696g K营养液,关于该营养液的说法正确的是:()
A.铁制菜刀生锈
B.氢氧化钠的表面发生潮解
C.铜制饰品上出现绿色斑点
D.水果富含维生素C,维生素C可抗氧化和防衰老,多吃水果好
14.我国四大发明之一的黑火药是由硫磺粉、硝酸钾和木炭粉按一定比例混合而成的,
爆炸时的反应为:S+2KNO3+3C=K2S+N2↑+3CO2↑。
关于该反应的叙述正确的是( ) A.上述反应中,S和KNO3是氧化剂,C是还原剂
B.上述反应中,每生成1 mollN2需转移6mol电子
C.CO2的摩尔质量为44 g
D.反应中的C若用石墨代替,石墨能导电,但属于非电解质
15.常温下,在溶液中可发生以下反应:①2Fe2++Br2===2Fe3++2Br-,
②2Br-+Cl2===Br2+2Cl-,③2Fe3++2I-===2Fe2++I2。
由此判断下列说法正确的是( )
A.铁元素在反应①和③中均被氧化
B.反应②中当有1 mol Cl2被还原时,有2 mol Br-被氧化
C.氧化性强弱顺序:Cl2>Br2>I2> Fe3+
D.还原性强弱顺序:I-> Br->Fe2+>Cl-
16.用0.1 mol / L的Na2SO3溶液30 mL,恰好将2×10-3 mol的XO4—还原,Na2SO3被氧化
为Na2SO4,则元素X在还原产物中的化合价是()
A. +1
B. +2
C. +3
D. +4
17.下列说法正确的是()
A.物质所含元素的化合价越高,氧化性越强
B.物质失去电子数目越多,还原性越强
C.元素由化合态变为游离态,该元素一定被还原
D.置换反应一定有电子转移
18.M2O7x-与S2-在酸性溶液中反应如下:
M2O7x-+3S2-+14H+=2M3++3S↓+7H2O,则M2O7X-中M的化合价是( )
A.+2
B.+3
C.+4
D.+6
19.标准状况下,现有①6.72 L CH4②3.01×1023个HCl分子③13.6 g H2S ④0.2 mol
NH3,对这四种气体的氢原子个数由大到小的顺序排列正确的是( )
A.②>③>①>④ B.②>③>④>①
C.①>④>②>③ D.①>③>④>②
20.X、Y、Z、W均为含氮元素的化合物,我们不了解它们的化学式,但知道它们在一定条件
下有如下转换关系(未配平,反应全是氧化还原反应):
(1) X→Y+O2 ; (2) Z+Y→H2O+W (3) Y+SO2→Z+SO3则这四种化合物中氮的化
合价由高到低的顺序为()
A. Z W Y X
B. X Y W Z
C.YW ZX
D. ZW X Y
II卷非选择题 (共40分)
电解质溶液在生产中有很多应用,这部分知识你掌握的怎样?请解答21题
21.(本题共14分)
I. 按要求写出对应反应的离子方程式:
(1)硫酸镁溶液与氢氧化钡溶液反应;
(2)用氢氧化钠溶液出去CO中少量的 CO2气;
(3)用稀硫酸除去铁钉上的铁锈(主要成分是Fe2O3);
II.以下8种为中学化学中常见的物质:
①CaO②H2O ③胆矾④CaCO3 ⑤H2SO4 ⑥氨水⑦酒精⑧Cu
请按下列分类标准回答问题:
(1)属于电解质的是 (2)属于盐的是
(3)属于氧化物的是 (4)属于非电解质的是
22.(本题共12分)
有一固体混合物,可能由Na2CO3、Na2SO4、Fe2(SO4)3、NaCl等混合而成,为检验它们,做了以下实验:
①将固体混合物溶于水中,搅拌后得无色透明溶液;
②往此溶液中滴加过量的硝酸钡溶液,有白色沉淀产生;
③过滤,将沉淀物置于足量稀硝酸中,发现沉淀部分溶解。
根据上述实验事实,回答下列问题:
(1)原固体混合物中一定含有的物质是________,一定不含有的物质是________,
可能含有的物质是________。
对可能含有的物质,可采用向滤液中滴加
________溶液的方法来检验。
(以上空格均填写化学式)
(2)写出步骤③中的离子方程式:_____________________________
(3)硫酸铁在水溶液中的电离方程式_______________。
23.(本题共14分)
I.在反应:3Cu+□HNO3(稀)===3Cu(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2O中,请填写□中的数字是。
若有19.2 g铜被氧化,参加反应的HNO3的物质的量是________mol,
被还原的HNO3的物质的量是________mol,转移电子的数目为。
用单线桥标
出该反应中电子转移的方向和数目:
_____________________________________________
II.反应H2S+H2SO4(浓)=S↓+SO2↑+H2O中,氧化产物是(填化学式)反应6NO2+8NH3===7N2+12H2O中,氧化产物与还原产物的质量比是________
许昌市三校联考高一上学期第二次考试
化学答案
选择题(每小题3分,共60分)
1-5:BBBAD 6-10: DADCB 11-15:DBBAB 16-20:DDDDB
2.【答案】B
【解析】胶体的胶粒直径为10-9~10-7m(1~100 nm),所以“钴酞菁”分子所形成的分散系为
胶体;“钴酞菁”分子能透过滤纸,不能透过半透膜;由于该分子具有磁性,分子结构和性
质与人体内的血红素及植物体内的叶绿素非常相似,所以C、D叙述正确,故答案为B
4.【解析】
是反应物,排除C项和D 项;在反应中失电子被氧化,作还原剂,
故选A。
21.(每空2分,共14分,第II部分见错不给分)
I.(1)Mg2++ SO42—+Ba2+ +2O H—=Mg (OH) 2↓+ BaSO4↓
(2)2O H—+CO2= CO32—+H2O
(3)Fe2O3 +6 H+ = 2Fe3+ +3H2O
II.(1)①②③④⑤(2)③④(3)①② (4) ⑦
22.(每空2分,共12分)
(1)Na2CO3、Na2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 NaCl AgNO3
(2) BaCO3 +2 H+= Ba2+ + H2O+ CO2↑
(3)Fe2(SO4)
3= 2 Fe
3++3SO
4
2—
23.(每空2分,共14分)
I. 8 0.8 0.2 0.6N A
3Cu+8HNO33Cu(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2O II. S 4:3。