形容词与分词作状语的关系
1. 形容词做原因状语，有无being区别不大：
Being poor,he couldn't afford a TV set.（现在分词做原因状语）Poor，he couldn't afford a TV set. （形容词做原因状语）
Being ill, I stayed at home.（形容词做原因状语）
Ill, I stayed at home（形容词做原因状语）
但过去分词做原因状语时不可加being表示状态，加being表示正在进行的动作:
Made of glass, the cup is fragile.
Caught in the rain, he got wet all over.
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the dar in front.
Being interviewed by the reporters, the manager has no time to see you.
2.形容词做时间状语, 不可以加being。
You had better eat vegetables fresh(= when then are fresh，不可用being fresh)
The fruits can't be eaten raw.(= when they raw,不可用being raw)
3. 做伴随状语时，形容词和过去分词（其实他们已经形容词化了）可以互换。但均不可加being done。
He got home late that night, hungry and tired.
= He got home late that night, hungry and weary.
After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home,exhausted .
= After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home,weary.
4. 做方式状语时，不可以加being。但他们可以加-ly.
Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory.(SB2 P15)
Bravely and strongly, the activists talked to workers outside the factory.
Nervous, she tore open the letter.
Nervously, she tore open the letter.
Helpless，we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes．
Helplessly，we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes．
综上所述，形容词除了作原因状语，其他情况下一般不加being。而过去分词表示状态时一般也不加being(除非表示“正在被...”)
例如：
I have no experience and did the job for the first time,so I stood there_____to know how to run the machine .
A being unable
B unable
C being not able
D not being able
答：选B。形容词作状语。一般不要being。
He stood there, speechless.他站那儿，一言不发。
She sank into sofa, helpless.他倒在沙发里，一副无助的样子。
He returned, tired and hungry.他回去了，又累又饿。
He returned home, safe and sound他回家了，安然无恙。
形容词作状语 形容词在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语的情况很多，但作状语的时候也不少。女口： The bag fell on the floor and broke open.袋子掉到地上摔破了。Glad to accept the girl nodded her agreement. 这姑娘乐于接受，点头表示同意。 形容词（短语）作状语时,通常说明主语的情况,即表示主语的状态、性质、特征等,有时它和宾语的关系密切,且可位于句首、句末和句子中间,通常和句子的其它部分用逗号分开，但单个形容词可 以连在一起。 一、形容词（短语）作状语说明主语的情况,可以表示动作或状态发生的原因、方式、时间或伴随等, 或对谓语作补充说明。 1. 表示原因，但原因意义不很突出,有时是并列的。例如： Afraid of difficulty, he prefers to do the easy maths problem.他害怕困难,宁愿做容易的数学题。 Anxious for a quick decisiop our leader called for a vote.我们队长急于迅速作出决定,要求进行表 决。 2. 表示方式或伴随。例如： The lost boy spe nt three days in the forest cold and hungry.那个迷路的男孩又冷又饿地在森林中过了二天。 The moon had just risen, very golden over the hill. 月亮刚刚升起,挂在山上,十足的金黄色。 3. 形容词（短语）作状语时,它和句中谓语动词在意义上的联系不密切,只是对谓语补充说明。 Effective the first of October, our supermarket will close at eleven. 我们超市 ^一点关门,从十月一日起生
现在分词 Form: ?doing ?having done（先后关系） 现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行。 Exercise: 划出句中的现在分词，并指出它在句中做何成分。 1. The three contestants were sitting at their desks on the stage, waiting. 2. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 3. Having finished his homework, he went out. 4. People living in the cities used to regard farming as boring and backward. 5. The changes in Sunqiao is very amazing. 现在分词做定语： Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences 1. The men are required to come to the headmaster’s office. They had some overseas working experience. 2. The people take part in a variety of exercise They can keep healthy. 3. The research at Sunqiao produces seeds. The seeds help farmers grow better crops. 4. People used to regard farming as boring and backward. These people live in cities. 5.Do you know the boy? He is standing under the tree. 6. The spiders store the mice for later. The mice serve as a source of food. Exercise: compare The swimming pool is clean and big. The swimming boy is his brother. The big writing desk is very expensive. The writing student is Tom’s classmate. 现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果 Exercise: rewrite the sentences 1. Kitty heard the news. She jumped with joy. 2. Tom put on his swim-suit. He dived into the swimming pool. 3. While she was cooking, she burned her right hand. 4. After he had finished his homework, he went out to play football. 以上改写后的三个句子中的现在分词短语做______状语。 现在分词作状语：相当于状语从句，但从句和主句的____语必须一致. 时间状语： 1. Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式） 2. Having read the letter, she got very excited（完成式） 3. ________hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 4. = as soon as _________________________________________. 5. Be careful when crossing the street. 条件状语： 1.If you walk hard, you will succeed. 2. = _______________________________ 伴随方式状语 1. She came _______(run) towards me. 2. The children ran out of the room, __________(laugh) and _______(talk) merrily. 3. ____________(travel) by jeep, we visited a number of cities. 4. ____________(follow) the guide, they started to climb. 5. _____________(follow) by the students, the teacher entered the office. 原因状语 1. Because I was sick, I stayed at home.
【问题实例】 Your friend comes to school very upset. 你的朋友来到学校心情很不好。 句中的 upset 是状语吗？如果是的话，形容词可用作状语吗？ 【问题分析】 形容词在句子中的主要作用是用作表语、定语、宾语补足语等，但有时它也可用作状语。一般说来，形容词用作状语主要表示以下用法： (1) 表示伴随（即用作伴随状语）。如： Your friend comes to school very upset. 你的朋友来到学校心情很不好。 They waited, breathless, for the result. 他们屏住呼吸等待结果。 The manager approached us full of apologies. 经理满怀歉意向我们走来。 The boy nodded, pale and scared. 男孩点点头，脸色苍白十分惊恐。 (2) 表示原因（即用作原因状语）。如： Overjoyed, she dashed out of the house. 她非常高兴，急步跑出屋去。 Curious, we looked around for other guests. 由于好奇，我们向四面看看有什么别的客人。 Greatly disappointed, he decided to leave the place. 他大为失望，决定离开这个地方。 Unable to afford bus fares, she walked to interviews. 由于没有钱坐公共汽车，她走路去参加面试。 (3) 表示结果（即用作结果状语）。如： He emerged from the accident unharmed. 他在车祸中没有受伤。 The children came home, tired and hungry. 孩子们回到家里，又累又饿。 (4) 表示让步（即用作让步状语）。如： Right or wrong, he always comes off worst in an argument because of his inability to speak coherently. 由于讲话语无伦次，所以不论有理没理，他在辩论中的表现总是非常糟糕。 Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. 不管是晴天还是下雨天，他总是六点钟起床，并到公园里散散步。 (5) 表示说话人的态度（即用作语法上的评注性状语，也有的语法书称之为独立成分）。如： Strange to say, he is still ignorant of it. 说也奇怪，他还不知道这件事。 More important, he’s got a steady job.更重要的是他得到了一个稳定的工作。 And most important of all, she had faith in him. 况且最重要的是，她对他有信心。 (5) 表示时间或条件（即用作时间状语或条件状语，具体需视语境而定）。如：
教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点： 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题） 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示： 1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。 2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。 二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
形容词及其短语作状语英语中,用来作状语的,最常见的就是副词,有时候,形容词及其短语也可充当状语。形容词或形容词短语作状语,用来描述谓语动作,说明谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随的情况,也可表示让步和结果，有时前面可以加上某些从属连词,进一步表明状语的性质。形容词或形容词短语作状语时,大多用逗号与全句分开,位置可在句首、句中或句末。 1、时间： Don’t marry young. 不要早婚。 When seriously ill, my grandmother usually drank the Chinese medicine to the very last drop . 病得严重时，奶奶每次喝中药都是喝得一滴不剩。 There is no cure available for the disease and AIDS patients have to deal with the fact that they might die young. 这种病没有切实有效的治疗方法，爱滋病病人必须面对这个事实：他们可能年纪轻轻就会死去。 Learn young, learn fair.学习趁年轻，要学就学好。 Enthusiatic, they are quite co-operative. 热心的时候他们是很合作的。 2、原因： Hungry, she hurried to the kitchen. 她感到很饿,就匆匆地去了厨房。Eager for an immediate reply, he sent me another email. 渴望立刻得到答复,他又给我发了一封电子邮件。 Sad and unhappy, cold and wet ,Lear became mad. 悲伤不快,又湿又冷,利尔疯了。 Confused and a little concerned, the minister asked, “Carl, what are you doing?”牧师感到非常纳闷，于是略带一些关心地问道：“卡尔，你在干什么？”Overjoyed, she dashed out of the house. 他非常高兴，急步跑出屋子。Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia. 圣彼得堡的人民坚强、自豪、团结一致，他们是当代的俄罗斯英雄。Helpless, we watched our home destroyed before our eyes. 我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。 Modest and easy to approach, he soon put everyone completely at ease. 他是那样谦虚、平易近人，很快使大家放松下来。
谓语动词: 有提示词, 句子缺谓语(与主语构成主谓结构) I. I _______ (tell) by my classmates about that. 2. My mother often __________ (stop) me from watching TV. 时态语态变化, 及主谓一致 非谓语动词(主动---doing , 被动---done, 目的/结果/将要to do ,) 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift. 2. My pupils, Tom__________ (include), liked her. 1. He entered, ________ (hold) a book in his hand. 2. He entered the room and _______ (hold) a book in his hand. 3. I politely refused her invitation and _____ (walk) away. 4. I politely refused her invitation, ______ (walk) away. 两个动词是同时发生的时候 主语+ 谓语1 + and / but + 谓语2 主语+ 谓语，+非谓语 1. When he _______ (come) in, I was reading a book. 2. Unless I ________ (invite), I won’t attend he party. 3. When _____ (hear) the news, I was excited. 4. Unless ____ (invite), I won’t attend he party. --- When / if / unless / /After/Before 等连词后没有主语+非谓语（--- ing /---ed ) , 主句---When / if / unless / /After /Before等连词+ 主语+ 谓语，主句 1. A boy ________( call ) Jack came here today 2. A boy who ________( call ) Jack came here today 3. We enjoy the movie _________ (direct) by a world famous artist. 4. We enjoy the movie which_________ (direct) by the world famous artist. 名词后没关系词时+ 非谓语, 非谓语动词修饰前面的名词做定语 名词后有关系词时+谓语，做定语从句中的谓语 1.“You can’t catch me!” Jan et shouted, _______ (run) away. 2.He said thanks and ____ (smile) a row of teeth. 3.When first ___________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 4.When he_______( arrive ) at the corner , he met his friend. 5.________ ( sleep ) late, he turned off the alarm clock. 6.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______(know) only to people with specific knowledge. [例1] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. （2011广东卷） [例2] He spit it out, __37___(say) it was awful. （2010广东卷） [例3]The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting turn
形容词做状语 作原因状语，通常位于句首。 1.Thirsty and eager to ger a little rest, she went into the restaurant and seated herself at a littl table by the window 2.Afraid of difficulty, he prefers to do the easy maths problem. 3.Being ill, I stayed at home. 4.Lost in thought, he almost ran into the dar in front. 时间、条件状语 1.Enthusiastic, they make good students 2.Ripe, these apples are sweet 3.You had better eat vegetables fresh 作让步状语 1.Every nation, big or small, should be equal. 2.Right or wrong, I'll stand by you. 伴随状语 1.They started the experiment, hopeful for success 2.After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted 3.The lost boy spent three days in the forest cold and hungry. 4.The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught 5.Excited and overjoyed, the children rushed to the front. 有些形容词如strange, funny, curious, odd, important, surprising, remarkable等作状语时，表示的是评注性的说明是说话人的看法、态度和评价，前面可以加more或most作评注性状语，。 1.Curious, the result turned out that way.真奇怪，结局竟然是那样 2.More remarkable, he has made a breakthrough in his research. ex. 1.______, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange 2. ______and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprised. 3.______ in the mountains for a week, the two students wre finally saved by the local police. (lost)
形容词及形容词词组 概述：形容词(adjective简称adj.或a.) 很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词，表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质，状态，和特征。 重点：形容词的用法 难点：形容词的位置 内容： 一、形容词分类 形容词是一种开放词类，在句中主要作修饰成分。形容词主要分为单词形容词，等级形容词和非等级形容词。 1．依词的构成划分：单词形容词（One-word Adjective）和复合形容词（Compound Adjective） 由一个自由词素构成，如：boy, kind 1）单词形容词 自由词素+前（后）缀构成，如：boyish, unkind adj.+adj. red-hot 炽热的；dark-green深绿色的 adj./adv.+-ing easy-going随和的；good-looking好看的 adj./adv.+-ed new-born新生的；ready-cooked烧好的2）复合形容词n.+adj. sea-sick晕船的；ice-cold冰冷的 n.+-ing man-eating吃人的；epoch-making划时代的 n.+-ed heart-broken伤心的；ice-covered结冰的 adj.+n.+-ed gray-haired白发的；one-eyed独眼的 2. 依句法功能划分：中心形容词（Central Adjective）和外围形容词（Peripheral Adjective） 1）中心形容词：既能作名词修饰语又能作主补和宾补的形容词 e.g. Green apples are sour (作名词修饰语) Pillar-boxes are green. (作主语补语)
形容词短语用作状语 陕西勉县二中，周雨松 形容词不但可以作定语，表语和补语，还可以作状语，具有副词的功能。现归纳如下：1. 作时间状语 1) Ripe, these apples are very sweet. 成熟后，这些苹果非常甜。 2) we don`t eat vegetables raw. 我们不会生吃蔬菜 2. 作方式或伴随状语，具有补充说明谓语的作用 3) For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happed. 有一阵子，他站在那儿不能相信刚才发生的事情。 4) Overjoyed, they rushed to the front. 他们非常高兴，急步跑到前面。 5) Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear. 克鲁索盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。 6) He was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing wind. 他醒着躺在床上，静听着那急风。 7) Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable. 他们乐观，能干，热情，一定会想方设法使你一路顺风。 3. 作原因状语 8) Afraid of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant. 害怕挨骂，小弗朗兹一时起了逃学的念头。 9) Easy to be with, he is warmly welcomed. 他平易近人，所以很受人欢迎。 4. 作让步状语 10) Every nation, big or small, should be equal. 国家无论大小，都应一律平等。 11) Old or young, they all like these cartoon pictures. 无论年龄大或小，他们都不得喜欢这些卡通画。 5. 作评注性状语，表示说话人的态度，看法。 12) Worse still, the lion could even carry off the baby in its mouth. 更糟糕的是，狮子甚至可能把婴儿叨走。 13) Strange, they shouldn` t arrive by now. 奇怪，他们这会应该来了。 14) Surprising, little Gauss worked out such a problem in such a short time. 真惊人，小高斯在这么短的时间就算出了这么难的题目。 6. 结果状语 15) He returned from war, safe and sound. 他安然无羔地从战场归来。
形容词除了可以作定语、表语或补语外,还可以在句中作状语,具有副词的功能。形容词作状语用时,一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开。这种状语可位于句首、句末或句中。它在意义上相当于一个状语从句,具有以下语义与特征。 一、形容词或形容词短语可以作状语,表示行为方式或伴随状况。有时,它会像非限制性定语从句一样,表示意义上的增补,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。例如: 1、 Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear、 (＝Curose, who was full of fear, stared at the footprint、 )克鲁索两眼死盯着脚印瞧,内心里充满着恐惧。 2、 He approached us, full of apologies、 (＝He, who was full of apologies, approached us、 )她连声道歉地朝我们走过来。 二、形容词或形容词短语可以作状语,表示原因。这种状语一般
位于句首,有时也可位于句中。例如: 1、 Angry at the girl oversleeping, Mr Green went down to wake her up、 (＝Mr Green went down to wake up the girl because he was angry with her for oversleeping、 )格林先生下去叫醒她,就是因为她睡过了头惹恼了她。 2、 Lin Tao, glad to accept the suggestion, nodded his agreement、 (＝Because he was glad to accept the suggestion, Lin Tao nodded his agreement、 ) 因为林涛很乐意接受这个建议,所以她就点头同意了。 三、形容词或形容词短语可以作状语,表示时间或条件。这种状语通常位于句首,也可位于句末。例如: 1、 Ripe, these apples are sweet、 (＝When / If these apples are ripe, they are sweet、 )这些苹果熟了,味道很甜。 2、 Enthusiastic, they are quite cooperative、 (＝When / If they are enthusiastic, they are cooperative、 )
1. It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.（2010 天津） A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 2. ________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.（2010 北京） A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 3. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.（2010 福建） A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 4. He had a wonderful childhood，_______with his mother to all corners of the world.(2010 安徽) A. travel B.to travel. C. traveled D. traveling 5. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.（2010 湖南） A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 6. The lawyer listened with full attention，________ to miss any point．（2010 四川）注意是分詞の否定還是不定式の否定 A．not trying B．trying not
用形容词作状语翻译下列句子: 1.饥寒交迫，那个小女孩不住地哭泣。 2.长途国外旅行之后，他精疲力竭地回到了家。 3.他谦逊、开朗，使大家很快就一点也不紧张了。 4.在我回家的途中，我看到一个中年男子躺在路边，烂醉如泥。 5.回答不出老师的问题，学生们都保持沉默。 6.又怕又冷，时光旅游者踏上了回到现在的旅程。 1.Cold and hungry, the little girl kept crying. 2.After the long journey from abroad, he got home , tired/ tired out/worn out. 3.Modest and easy-going, he soon put everyone at ease. 4. On my way home, I saw a
middle-aged man lying by the roadside , blind drunk./ very drunk. 5.Unable to answer the teacher’s question,all the students kept silent. 6.Scared and cold, the Time Traveller starts back towards the present. Scared and cold,the Time Traveller starts back towards the present. 又怕又冷，时光旅游者踏上了回到现在的旅程。 scared, cold 是形容词作伴随状
语。表示主语实施谓语动作时伴随的状态。 He was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds. They broke into the bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear. 形容词与分词作状语的关系： 1.形容词做原因状语，有无being 区别不大：
分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析 分词做状语，在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?以下是小编给大家带来分词作状语用法，以供参阅。 英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义 现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生 完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生，强调时间先后 过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动，表完成 英语分词的意义在英语中，分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式，即-ing与-ed。一般情况下，从时态和语态两种角度来讲，现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。 对于分词的含义，我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析： 1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶\ the boiled water 凉白开水 1)从语态角度来看，现在分词表示主动含义，它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。其次，从时态角度看，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，相当于一个进行时态;此外，它还可以表示一般的动作，相当于一个一般的时态。综上，现在分词的意
义有两种：主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。 2)从语态角度来看，过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义，即动词不同则含义不同。及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义，如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动，如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低，常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词，表达被动含义。其次，从时态角度看，过去分词具有一般动作或完成动作的含义，相当于一般时态或完成时态。不及物动词只具有完成动作。 英语分词作状语的用法分词做状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、伴随、比较。 四、分词作状语的原则：其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。 常见分词作状语的情况举例： 表条件：Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. \ United we stand; divided we fall. (合则兴，分则亡) 表时间：Walking in the street,I saw him. 表原因：Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home. 表伴随：Watching the TV play, she burst out crying. 表让步：Having lived in China for years, he still cant speak Chinese well. 表结果：I went home, finding the door locked.
英语中形容词的状语功能及语义特征 形容词作状语具有双重特点，既要说明其逻辑主语的性质或状态，又要说明句子中的谓语动词；可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义；形容词作状语，就结构模式来说，分为不带从属连词和带有从属连词二种。 形容词作状语实际上是一种省略结构。形容词结构既有限定动词词组也没有非限定动词词组作谓语动词。因此，它既不同于限定分句，也不同于非限定分句。基本上属于SVO（主-动-补）句型，只是动词不表现出来，主语也通常不表现出来。形容词作状语时，一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分分开。位置也相对灵活，可位于句首、句末或句中。本文从形容词作状语的结构模式、句法功能、语义特征等方面做一些简单探讨。 一、形容词作状语的结构模式 形容词作状语，就结构模式来说，分为不带从属连词和带有从属连词两种。 1.不带从属连词结构 （1）单个形容词结构 ① Curious，we look around for other guests.由于好奇，我们向四面看看还有什么别的客人。 ②The hours passed fitfully ,as I lay awake thinking and praying.时间过得断断续续，那晚我时醒时睡，当我醒着时就思考和祈祷。 （2）并列形容词结构 ①She was an elderly woman, sensible and trustworthy.她是一个明智的、值得信赖的妇女。 ②Large or small, all countries are equal.国家无论大小都应一律平等。 ③Finally, tired but happy, they took the bus back to school.最后，他们疲惫而又高兴地坐车回到了学校。 （3）形容词词组作状语 ①Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.他们由于怕困难，宁愿走容易的道路。 ②Unable to find words to express themselves, they silently grasped our hands.由于找不到话来表达自己的感情，他们紧紧握住我们的手。 ③Glad that school was finished, the students ran out of the room.一放学，学生都高兴地冲出了教室。 ④Pulling off my apron, I rushed to the hospital, heedless of the cold and snow.我解下围裙，朝医院奔去，没有感觉到天气的寒冷和下着雪。 2.带有从属连词结构 （1）She spares no detail, whether good or bad, and honestly depicts the kind of life lived by many Chinese in the last half century.事情无论好坏，她均记述详尽，她忠实地写出来许多中国人在半个世纪中的生活。 （2）Although always helpful, he was not much liked by people.虽然他老师帮助别人，还是得不到人们的喜欢。
朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream that I’m hom e. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（On）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 二．-ing分词短语作原因状语: 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school. =Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the school. 四．表示让步，相当于让步状语从句 Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage. = Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 五．现在分词表伴随。 She came into the house, and carried a lot of books. =She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time. =He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 六．现在分词表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，相当于一个并列谓语 His father died, and left him a lot of money. =His father died, leaving him a lot of money. She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, and broke it into pieces. =She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. His car was caught in the traffic jam ,causing him to be late. 他的车陷入了交通堵塞，结果引起他迟到了。 He didn' t come today, making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work. 他今天没来，因而我们必须找人干他的工作。 课堂巩固练习