Endorectal advancement flap with muscular plication

子宫内膜癌分型的研究进展金明珠，狄文△【摘要】子宫内膜癌（endometrial carcinoma ）是妇科三大恶性肿瘤之一，以手术联合放、化疗为标准治疗方式；部分渴望保留生育能力的患者可经咨询后行保守治疗，待生育后进行手术。

1983年，Bockman 提出子宫内膜癌临床分型，将其分为Ⅰ型（雌激素依赖型）和Ⅱ型（非雌激素依赖型）；1994年，Poulsen 将子宫内膜癌按组织病理学分为腺癌、浆液性腺癌、黏液性腺癌、透明细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、混合性癌和未分化癌；2013年，癌症基因组图谱（The Cancer Genome Atlas ，TCGA ）根据不同突变方式和拷贝数将子宫内膜癌分为4种，即POLE （DNA polymerase epsilon ）突变型、微卫星不稳定高突变型、低拷贝数型和高拷贝数型。

该分子分型对不同亚型患者的精准化治疗与预测患者预后具有重要指导意义。

本文总结了子宫内膜癌的3种分型的优势与局限性及其临床意义。

子宫内膜癌分型的不断完善，将有助于理解其预后的个体差异，指导治疗策略的选择，为精准医疗时代规范化、个体化、人性化的治疗奠定理论基础。

【关键词】子宫内膜肿瘤；癌；肿瘤分期；病理分型；免疫疗法；生育力Research Progress of Endometrial Cancer Classification JIN Ming -zhu,DI Wen.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Renji Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200127,China (JIN Ming-zhu,DI Wen);School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200025,China (JIN Ming-zhu)【Abstract 】Endometrial carcinoma is one of the three major malignant tumors in gynecology.The standard treatment is surgery with/without radiotherapy and chemotherapy;for those who desire to retain their fertility can be treated conservatively after consultation and accomplish the operation after childbirth.In 1983,Bockman proposed clinical classification of endometrial cancer,which was divided into type Ⅰ（estrogen-dependent ）and type Ⅱ（non-estrogen-dependent ）;in 1994,Poulsen classified endometrial cancer into adenocarcinoma,serous adenocarcinoma,mucinous adenocarcinoma,clear cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,mixed carcinoma,and undifferentiated carcinoma by histopathology;in 2013,endometrial carcinoma was divided into four types based on different mutation patterns and copy number by the Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA ）:polymerase epsilon （POLE ）mutated,microsatellite instability,copy number-low and copy number-high.The molecular classification has important guiding significance for the precise treatment of patients with different subtypes and prognosis prediction of patients.In this review,we summarize three classifications of endometrial carcinoma,list their advantages and limitations,and highlight the clinical significance of endometrial cancer.The continuous improvement of classification of endometrial cancer will help to understand the heterogeneity in prognosis,guide the choice of treatment strategies,and lay a theoretical foundation for standardized,individualized and humanized treatment in the era of precision medicine.【Keywords 】Endometrial neoplasms;Carcinoma;Neoplasm staging;Pathological classification;Immunotherapy;Fertility（J Int Obstet Gynecol ，2020,47：15-18）基金项目：上海市重中之重临床重点学科-妇产科学（2017ZZ02016）；上海市临床重点专科建设项目-女性肿瘤作者单位：200127上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院妇产科（金明珠，狄文）；上海交通大学医学院（金明珠）通信作者：狄文，E-mail ：diwen163@ △审校者·综述·我国子宫内膜癌发病率约为60/10万，死亡率约为20/10万[1]，发病率呈上升趋势。

消化学名词 2005-10-11［内镜］操纵部, ［endoscopic］control section［内镜］插入管, ［endoscopic］insertion tube［内镜］充气/水阀, ［endoscopic］air/water valve［内镜］导光连接部, ［endoscopic］light guide connector section［内镜］导光束, ［endoscopic］light guide bundles［内镜］导像束, ［endoscopic］image guide bundles［内镜］光导纤维, ［endoscopic］optical fibers［内镜］活检管道开口, ［endoscopic］biopsy channel opening［内镜］角度锁钮, ［endoscopic］locking knob［内镜］角度旋钮, ［endoscopic］angulation knob［内镜］冷光源, ［endoscopic］cold light source［内镜］弯曲部, ［endoscopic］bending section［内镜］吸引阀, ［endoscopic］suction valve阿米巴［性］肝脓肿, amebic liver abscessEhlers-Danlos综合征, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome嗳气, belch凹陷性病变, excavated lesion, depressed lesionOddi括约肌成形术, plastic repair of Oddi sphincterOddi括约肌切开术, sphincterotomy of OddiOddi括约肌狭窄, stenosis of Oddi sphincterOsler-Weber-Rendu病, Osler-Weber-Rendu diseaseBudd-Chiari综合征, Budd-Chiari syndromeBarrett's食管, Barrett's esophagus板状强直, board-like rigidity半成形便, semiformed stool半乳糖耐量, galactose tolerance伴有先天性综合征的毛细管扩张, telangiectasia associated with congenital syndrome 贝尔西食管裂孔疝修补术, Belsey hiatal hernia repair背驮式肝移植, piggyback liver transplantation贲门成形术, cardioplasty贲门肌切开术, cardiomyotomy鼻胆管引流［术］, nasobiliary drainageBillroth II式吻合［术］, Billroth II anastomosisBillroth I式吻合［术］, Billroth I anastomosis闭袢性肠梗阻, closed loop intestinal obstruction闭塞性肝静脉内膜炎, endophlebitis hepatica obliterans壁外性压迫, extrinsic compression of wall壁细胞迷走神经切断术, parietal cell vagotomy便血, hematochezia变应性直肠炎, allergic proctitis丙型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type C病毒性腹泻, viral diarrhea病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis病毒性胃肠炎, viral gastroenteritisPeutz-Jegher's综合征, Peutz-Jegher's syndrome剥脱活检, strip biopsy博尔德莫尔食管吻合术, Beordmore anastomosis of esophagus Braun’s吻合［术］, Braun anastomosis部分肠梗阻, partial intestinal obstruction擦拭法细胞学检查［术］, abrasive cytologic examination残留结石, residual stone, retained stone残胃, gastric remnant藏毛病, pilonidal disease侧侧吻合［术］, side-to-side anastomosis侧视内镜, side-viewing endoscope产毒性腹泻, toxigenic diarrhea肠闭锁, intestinal atresia肠壁囊样积气, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis肠壁囊样积气［症］, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis肠侧侧吻合［术］, side-to-side intestinal anastomosis肠穿孔, perforation of intestine肠道细菌内毒素移位, endotoxin translocation from intestine肠道细菌移位, bacterial translocation from intestine肠道营养, enteral nutrition肠动静脉畸形, arteriovenous malformation of bowel肠端侧吻合［术］, end-to-side intestinal anastomosis肠端端吻合［术］, end-to-end intestinal anastomosis肠放射性损伤, radiation injury of intestine肠梗阻, intestinal obstruction, ileus肠结核, tuberculosis of intestine肠淋巴管扩张, intestinal lymphangiectasia肠内引流式胰腺移植, enteric drainage pancreas transplantation 肠囊肿, enteric cyst肠扭转, volvulus肠袢淤滞综合征, stagnant loop syndrome肠旁路术, intestinal bypass肠切除术, intestinal resection肠切开术, enterotomy肠缺血, ischemia of intestine肠缺血综合征, intestinal ischemic syndrome肠套叠, intussusception肠外瘘, enterocutaneous fistula肠外营养, parenteral nutrition肠外置术, intestinal exteriorization肠吻合［术］, intestinal anastomosis肠紊乱, bowel disturbance肠系膜动脉闭塞, mesenteric arterial occlusion肠系膜动脉栓塞术, mesenteric artery embolization肠系膜动脉血栓形成, mesenteric artery thrombosis肠系膜静脉血栓形成, mesenteric venous thrombosis肠系膜囊肿, mesenteric cyst肠系膜疝, mesenteric hernia肠系膜上动脉综合征, superior mesenteric artery syndrome肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征, superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome 肠狭窄, intestinal stenosis肠旋转不良, malrotation of intestine肠血管病, vascular disease of bowel肠血管发育异常, angiodysplasia of bowel肠血管异常, vascular abnormality of intestine肠易激综合征, irritable bowel syndrome肠源性感染, enterogenic infection肠造口术, enterostomy肠胀气, intestinal tympanites肠重复畸形, duplication of intestine肠子宫内膜异位, endometriosis in bowel超声腹腔镜, ultrasonic laparoscope超声内镜, ultrasonic endoscope成形便, formed stool冲洗法细胞学检查［术］, lavage cytologic examination虫蚀样边缘, eroded edge出血性胃炎, hemorrhagic gastritis出血性胰腺炎, hemorrhagic pancreatitis穿孔, perforation穿孔性阑尾炎, perforating appendicitis穿透, penetration穿透性溃疡, penetrating ulcer大便失禁, fecal incontinence大肠梗阻, large bowel obstruction, colonic obstruction大网膜及肠系膜囊肿, omental cyst and mesenteric cyst单纯性集群性憩室病, simple massed diverticulosis单极电凝［术］, monopolar electrocoagulation胆［结］石, gallstone胆道闭锁, biliary atresia胆道测压［术］, manometry of biliary tract胆道出血, hemobilia胆道感染, infection of biliary tract胆道梗阻, obstruction of biliary tract胆道蛔虫病, biliary ascariasis胆道贾第虫病, giardiasis of biliary tract胆道减压术, decompression of biliary tract胆道闪烁显像［术］, cholescintigraphy胆道运动障碍, biliary dyskinesia胆固醇结石, cholesterol calculus胆管癌, carcinoma of bile duct胆管测压造影［术］, manometric cholangiography胆管肝炎, cholangiohepatitis胆管空肠吻合术, cholangiojejunostomy胆管扩张, cholangiectasis胆管内置管扩张［术］, biliary stent dilatation胆管腺瘤, cholangioadenoma胆管炎, cholangitis胆管造影［术］, cholangiography胆管周围炎, pericholangitis胆红素脑病, bilirubin encephalopathy, kernicterus胆红素尿, bilirubinuria胆绞痛, biliary colic胆瘘, biliary fistula胆囊癌, carcinoma of gallbladder胆囊肠瘘, cholecystoenteric fistula胆囊超声显像［术］, cholecystosonography胆囊穿孔, perforation of gallbladder胆囊钙化, calcification of gallbladder胆囊积脓, empyema of gallbladder胆囊积气, pneu-gallbladder胆囊积水, hydrops of gallbladder胆囊积血, hemocholecyst胆囊镜检查［术］, cholecystoscopy胆囊空肠吻合术, cholecystojejunostomy胆囊扭转, torsion of gallbladder胆囊切除术, cholecystectomy胆囊切除术后综合征, postcholecystectomy syndrome胆囊十二指肠吻合术, cholecystoduodenostomy胆囊收缩素, cholecystokinin胆囊炎, cholecystitis胆囊造口术, cholecystostomy胆囊造影术, cholecystography胆囊周围脓肿, pericholecystic abscess胆石性肠梗阻, gallstone ileus胆石症, cholelithiasis胆小管炎, cholangiolitis胆血症, cholemia胆胰管汇合异常, choledochopancreatic junction anomaly 胆汁反流性胃炎, bile reflux gastritis胆汁尿, choleuria, choluria胆汁浓缩综合征, inspissated bile syndrome胆汁性腹膜炎, biliary peritonitis, choleperitoneum胆汁性肝硬化, biliary cirrhosis胆汁胸, cholothorax胆汁引流, biliary drainage胆汁淤积, cholestasis胆汁粘稠综合征, biliary hyperviscosity syndrome胆总管端端吻合术, choledochocholedochostomy胆总管梗阻, obstruction of common bile duct胆总管结石, calculus of common bile duct, choledocholith胆总管结石病, choledocholithiasis胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合术, choledochojejunostomy Roux-en-Y 胆总管扩张, choledochectasia胆总管囊肿, choledochal cyst胆总管囊肿切除术, choledochocystectomy胆总管切开术, choledochotomy胆总管十二指肠吻合术, choledochoduodenostomy胆总管狭窄, stricture of common bile duct胆总管炎, choledochitis胆总管造口术, choledochostomy弹性假黄色瘤, pseudoxanthoma elasticum蛋白丢失性肠病, protein-losing enteropathyDevine结肠造口术, Devine colostomy电子内镜检查［术］, electronic endoscopy, videoendoscopy淀粉酶-肌酸酐清除率之比, amylase-creatinine clearance ratio淀粉酶清除率, clearance of amylase丁型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type D，delta hepatitis动脉胆道瘘, arteriobiliary fistula痘疮样胃炎, gastritis varioliformisDubin-Johnson综合征, Dubin-Johnson syndrome端侧吻合［术］, end-to-side anastomosis端端吻合［术］, end-to-end anastomosis端式结肠造口术, terminal colostomy短肠, short gut短肠综合征, short-bowel syndrone多发性静脉扩张, multiple phlebectasia,多极电凝［术］, multipolar electrocoagulation多囊肝, polycystic liver二期小肠移植, two-stage intestine transplantation翻出型肛门外吻合巨结肠根治术, Swenson procedure翻转法内镜检查［术］, reverse method of endoscopy反流性食管炎, reflux esophagitis反跳痛, rebound tenderness反胃, regurgitation放大腹腔镜检查［术］, magnifying laparoscopy放大内镜检查［术］, magnifying endoscopy放射性结肠炎, radiation colitis放射性小肠炎, radiation enteritis非闭塞性肠梗死, nonocclusive intestinal infarction肥厚性胃炎, hypertrophic gastritis肥厚性幽门狭窄, hypertrophic pylorostenosis肥皂性结肠炎, soap colitis粪便嵌塞, fecal impaction粪瘘, fecal fistula蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎, phlegmonous appendicitis蜂窝织炎性胃炎, phlegmonous gastritis缝线肉芽肿, suture granuloma弗纳-莫里森综合征, Verner-Morrison syndrome辅助性肝移植, auxiliary liver transplantation腐蚀性食管狭窄, caustic stricture of esophagus腐蚀性胃炎, corrosivegastritis复发性胆总管结石病, recurrent choledocholithiasis复发性溃疡, recurrent ulcer复发性阑尾炎, recurrent appendicitis复合性胃和十二指肠溃疡, combined gastric and duodenal ulcers腹部结核, abdominal tuberculosis腹鸣, borborygmus腹膜刺激征, peritoneal irritation sign腹膜炎, peritonitis腹膜粘连, peritoneal adhesion腹腔穿刺［术］, peritoneocentesis, abdominal paracentesis腹腔动脉压迫综合征, celiac artery compression syndrome腹腔灌洗, peritoneal lavage腹腔积血, hemoperitoneum腹腔镜胆囊切除［术］, laparoscopic cholecystectomy腹腔镜检查［术］, laparoscopy腹腔镜治疗［术］, therapeutic laparoscopy腹腔内引流式胰腺移植, free-drainage intraperitoneal pancreas transplantation 腹腔脓肿, peritoneal abscess腹水, ascites腹主动脉瘤, abdominal aortic aneurysm改良的黑勒贲门肌切开术, modified Heller operation钙乳胆汁, milk of calcium bile干呕, retch肝［性］昏迷, hepatic coma肝［性］昏迷前期, hepatic precoma肝被膜下出血, subcapsular hemorrhage of liver肝病性口臭, fetor hepaticus肝肠联合移植, combined liver and intestine transplantation肝大, hepatomegaly肝淀粉样变性, amyloidosis of liver肝动脉造影［术］, hepatic arteriography肝梗死, infarction of liver肝结核, tuberculosis of liver肝静脉梗阻, hepatic venous obstruction肝慢性阻性充血, chronic passive congestion of liver肝毛细线虫病, capillariasis hepatica肝门肠吻合术, portoenterostomy, Kasai procedure肝内胆管结石, calculus of intrahepatic duct肝内胆管结石病, hepatolithiasis肝内胆汁淤积, intrahepatic cholestasis肝脓肿, liver abscess肝脾大, hepatosplenomegaly肝片吸虫病, fascioliasis hepatica肝肾联合移植, combined liver and kidney transplantation 肝肾综合征, hepatorenal syndrome肝素辅因子, heparin co-factor肝素化, heparinization肝素化逆转, heparinization reversal肝细胞移植, hepatocyte transplantation肝下垂, hepatoptosis肝纤维化, hepatic fibrosis肝心联合移植, combined liver and heart transplantation肝性昏迷, hepatic coma肝性脑病, hepatic encephalopathy肝炎后肝硬化, posthepatitic cirrhosis肝胰联合移植, combined liver and pancreas transplantation 肝移植, liver transplantation肝硬化, cirrhosis of liver肝周炎, perihepatitis感染性腹泻, infectious diarrhea感染性胃炎, infectious gastritis肛管癌, cancer of anal canal肛裂, anal fissure,肛门闭锁会阴瘘, anal atresia with perineal fistula肛门闭锁尿道瘘, anal atresia with urethral fistula肛门闭锁前庭瘘, anal atresia with vestibular fistula肛门闭锁阴道瘘, anal atresia with vaginal fistula肛门镜, anoscope肛门镜检查［术］, anoscopy肛门溃疡, anal ulcer肛门瘙痒［症］, pruritus ani肛门狭窄, anal stenosis肛门直肠瘘, anorectal fistula肛门直肠脓肿, anorectal abscess肛乳头炎, anal papillitis肛周脓肿, perianal abscess高胆红素血［症］, hyperbilirubinemia高淀粉酶血［症］, hyperamylasemia高峰酸排出量, peak acid outputGrey Turner征, Grey Turner sign膈膨升, eventration of diaphragm膈疝, diaphragmatic hernia膈下脓肿, subphrenic abscess梗阻性阑尾炎, obstructive appendicitis孤立性非特异性溃疡, isolated nonspecific ulcer骨盆直肠窝脓肿, pelvirectal abscess管探查［术］, exploration of common bile duct光动力学治疗［术］, photodynamic therapy光凝固［术］, photocoagulation果糖不耐受［症］, fructose intolerance黑粪, melena黑勒贲门肌切开术, heller operation,横结肠造口术, transverse colostomy呼气试验breath test糊状便, mushy stool滑动性食管裂孔疝, sliding hiatus hernia滑管, sliding tube化脓性腹膜炎, purulent peritonitis化脓性阑尾炎, suppurative appendicitis化脓性胰腺炎, purulent pancreatitis化生性息肉, metaplastic polyp化学性腹膜炎, chemical peritonitis坏疽性胆囊炎, gangrenous cholecystitis坏疽性阑尾炎, gangrenous appendicitis坏死后肝硬化, postnecrotic cirrhosis坏死性胰腺炎, necrotizing pancreatitis环状胰腺, annular pancreas黄疸, jaundice, icterus黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis磺溴酞钠试验, bromsulphalein test回肠膀胱扩大术, ileum augmentation cystoplasty, ileocystoplasty 回肠膀胱尿流改道术, ileal conduit diversion回肠膀胱术, ileal conduit, Bricker operation回肠肛管吻合术, ileoanal anastomosis回肠横结肠吻合术, ileotransversostomy回肠憩室, ileal diverticulum回肠造口术, ileostomy回盲部结核, ileocecal tuberculosisWhipple病, Whipple disease混合性结石, mixed stone, mixed calculus混合性毛细血管-海绵状血管瘤, mixed capillary-cavernous hemangioma 活动性肝炎, active hepatitis活体部分肝移植, partial living liver transplantation获得性巨结肠, acquired megacolon机械性肠梗阻, mechanical intestinal obstruction, mechanical ileus基础酸排出量, basal acid outputKillian憩室, Killian diverticulum激光治疗［术］, laser therapy急腹症, acute abdomen急性肠系膜淋巴结炎, acute mesenteric lymphadenitis急性出血性胰腺炎, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis急性腐蚀性食管炎, acute corrosive esophagitis急性肝［功能］衰竭, acute hepatic failure急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎, acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis急性坏死性胰腺炎, acute necrotizing pancreatitis急性间质性胰腺炎, acute interstitial pancreatitis急性卡他性阑尾炎, acute catarrhal appendicitis急性弥漫性腹膜炎, acute diffuse peritonitis,急性水肿性胰腺炎, acute edematous pancreatitis急性胃扩张, acute dilatation of stomach急性胃扩张, acute gastric dilatation急性应激性溃疡, acute stress ulcer急性重型肝炎, acute severe hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis急诊肝移植, emergency liver transplantation继发性巨结肠, secondary megacolon寄生虫性腹泻, parasitic diarrheaGardner综合征, Gardner syndrome家族性肠息肉病, familial intestinal polyposis家族性结肠息肉病, familial polyposis coli甲胎蛋白测定, alpha-fetoprotein detemination甲型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type A假膜性结肠炎, pseudomembranous colitis假膜性小肠结肠炎, pseudomembranous enterocolitis假憩室, pseudodiverticulum假息肉, pseudopolyp假性感染性直肠炎, pseudoinfectious proctitis假性结肠梗阻, false colonic obstruction, Ogilvie syndrome减体积肝移植, reduced-size liver transplantation碱性反流性胃炎, alkaline reflux gastritis浆液性腹膜炎, serous peritonitis胶原性结肠炎, collagenous colitis绞窄性肠梗阻, strangulated intestinal obstruction节段小肠移植, segmental small intestine transplantation节段性肠扩张, segmental dilatation of intestine节段胰腺移植, segmental pancreas transplantation结肠癌, cancer of colon结肠癌Dukes分类法, Dukes classification for colon cancer结肠膀胱瘘, colovesical fistula结肠穿孔, colonic perforation结肠次全切除术, subtotal colectomy结肠非特异性溃疡, nonspecific ulcer of colon结肠孤立性溃疡, colonic solitary ulcer结肠黑色素沉着病, melanosis coli结肠后胃空肠吻合术, retrocolic gastrojejunostomy结肠回肠侧吻合术, Martin procedure结肠结核, tuberculosis of colon结肠镜检查［术］, colonoscopy结肠憩室病, diverticular disease of colon结肠前胃空肠吻合术, antecolic gastrojejunostomy结肠切除术, colectomy结肠切开术, colotomy结肠缺血, colonic ischemia结肠息肉, polyp of colon结肠息肉病, polyposis coli结肠腺瘤, adenoma of colon结肠造口术, colostomy结肠直肠切除术, coloproctectomy结核性腹膜炎, tuberculous peritonitis结石性胰腺炎, calcareus pancreatitis近侧胃迷走神经切断术, proximal gastric vagotomy经腹骶直肠切除术, abdominosacral resection, anterior resection经颈静脉胆管造影［术］, transjugular cholangiography经口胆管镜检查［术］, peroral cholangioscopy经皮经肝胆管镜检查［术］, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy 经皮经肝胆管造影［术］, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography 经皮经肝胆囊镜检查［术］, percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy 经皮经肝栓塞, percutaneous transhepatic embolization经皮内镜胃造瘘［术］, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy经直肠活检, transrectal biopsy精神性便秘, psychogenic constipation颈部食管胃吻合术, cervical esophagogastrostomy痉挛性肠梗阻, spastic intestinal obstruction痉挛性肛部痛, proctalgia fugax痉挛性结肠憩室病, spastic colon diverticulosis静脉闭塞性病, veno-occlusive disease静脉胆管造影［术］, intravenous cholangiography静脉胆囊造影［术］, intravenous cholecystography静脉切开术, venesection, phlebotomy静脉曲张, varicosis, varix静脉曲张性溃疡, varicose ulcer静脉造影［术］, phlebography酒精性肝炎, alcoholic hepatitis酒精性肝硬化, alcoholic cirrhosis酒精性胰腺炎, alcoholic pancreatitis局限性肠炎, regional enteritis, Crohn disease局限性腹膜炎, localized peritonitis巨大肥厚性胃炎, giant hypertrophy gastritis巨大皱襞, giant folds, giant ruga巨结肠, megacolon巨十二指肠, megaduodenum菌群失调性肠炎, flora imbalance enteritisCullen征, Cullen signCanada-Cronkhite综合征, Canada-Cronkhite syndrome可控性回肠膀胱术, continent ileal reservoirCrigler-Najjar综合征, Crigler-Najjar syndromeCruveilhier-Baumgarten综合征, Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome克罗恩病, Crohn’s disease空肠回肠旁路术, jejunoileal bypass空肠间置代胆道术, choledochoplasty by jejunal interposition空肠移植, jejunum transplantation空肠造口术, jejunostomy口服胆囊造影［术］, oral cholecystographyCourvoisier征, Courvoisier sign溃疡性结肠炎, ulcerative colitis拉埃内克肝硬化, Laennec’s cirrhosis阑尾残端, appendiceal stump阑尾粪石, appendiceal fecalith阑尾切除术, appendectomy阑尾炎, appendicitis阑尾粘液囊肿, appendiceal mucocele阑尾周围脓肿, periappendiceal abscess类癌, carcinoid类癌综合征, carcinoid syndrome里急后重, tenesmus隆起性病变, protrusion lesion鲁氏Y形吻合［术］, Roux-en-Y anastomosisRotor综合征, Rotor syndrome麻痹性肠梗阻, paralytic ileusMallory-Weiss综合征, Mallory-Weiss syndrome慢性非化浓性破坏性胆管炎, chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis 慢性溃疡性结肠炎, chronic ulcerative colitis慢性重型肝炎, chronic severe hepatitis盲肠膀胱扩大术, cecum augmentation cystoplasty盲肠后位阑尾, retrocecal appendix盲肠炎, typhlitis, cecitis盲肠造口术, cecostomy盲袢综合征, blind loop syndrome毛石, trichobezoar毛植物石, trichophytobezoarMeckel憩室, Meckel diverticulumMenetrier病, Menetrier disease门静脉高压, portal hypertension门静脉脓血症, portal pyemia门静脉血栓形成, thrombosis of portal vein门静脉炎, pylephlebitis门脉性肝硬化, portal cirrhosis门体脑病, portosystemic encephalopathy弥漫性腹膜炎, diffuse peritonitis弥漫性食管痉挛, diffuse spasm of esophagus迷走神经干切断术, truncal vagotomy迷走神经切断术, vagotomy糜烂性胃炎, erosive gastritis米库利兹结肠造口术, Mikulicz colostomy面团感, doughy sensationMurphy征, Murphy sign内镜, endoscope内镜超声检查［术］, endoscopic ultrasonography内镜胆管引流［术］, endoscopic biliary drainage内镜复位［术］, endoscopic reduction内镜检查术, endoscopy内镜逆行胰胆管造影［术］, endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography 内镜取石［术］, endoscopic stone extraction technique内镜碎石［术］, endoscopic lithotripsy内镜胰管引流［术］, endoscopic drainage of pancreatic duct内镜粘膜下肿瘤切除［术］, endoscopic enucleation of submucosal tumor内镜治疗［术］, therapeutic endoscopy内镜置管［术］, endoprosthesis内镜注射治疗［术］, endoscopic injection therapy逆蠕动吻合［术］, antiperistaltic anastomosis凝结物, concretion诺沃克组病毒性胃肠炎, norwalk agents gastroenteritis呕血, hematemesis袢式结肠造口术, loop colostomy喷射性呕吐, projectile vomiting盆腔内吻合巨结肠根治术, rehbein procedure劈裂式肝移植, split liver transplantation皮革样胃, leather bottle stomach, linitis plastica脾大, splenomegaly脾功能亢进, hypersplenism脾门静脉造影术, splenoportography脾曲综合征, splenic flexure syndrome屁, flatus胼胝性溃疡, callous ulcer, indolent ulcer平坦性病变, flat lesionPlummer-Vinson综合征, Plummer-Vinson syndrome 脐肠瘘, omphalo-enteric fistula气腹, pneumoperitoneum气管食管瘘, tracheo-esophageal fistula气囊扩张器, balloon dilator气囊填塞, balloon tamponade气体扩张器, pneumatic dilator气胀, flatulence, gaseous distention气肿性胆囊炎, emphysematous cholecystitis憩室, diverticulum憩室病, diverticulosis憩室前期, prediverticular stage憩室切除术, diverticulectomy憩室炎, diverticulitis迁延性肝炎, persistent hepatitis前视内镜, forward-viewing endoscope钳夹活检［术］, forceps biopsy浅表性胃炎, superficial gastritis腔静脉造影［术］, venacavography桥形皱襞, bridging fold倾倒综合征, dumping syndrome球后十二指肠溃疡, postbulbar duodenal ulcer曲张静脉切除术, varicectomy圈套器, snare圈套烧灼术, snare cautery全部吸收不良, panmalabsorption全结肠切除术, total colectomy全结肠炎, pancolitis全上消化道内镜检查［术］, panendoscopy全小肠移植, whole small intestine transplantation全胰十二指肠切除术, total pancreaticoduodenectomy 全胰腺移植, whole pancreas transplantation缺血性结肠炎, ischemic colitis热活检, hot biopsy热探头凝固［术］, heater probe coagulationGillbert综合征, Gillbert syndrome肉芽肿性胃炎, granulomatous gastritis乳糜性腹膜炎, chyle peritonitis乳糖不耐受［症］, lactose intolerance乳糖酶缺乏, lactase deficiency乳头括约肌切开［术］, sphincterotomy, papillotomy乳头切开刀, papillotome乳头上部切开, suprapapillary incision三次肝移植, tertiary liver transplantation色素内镜检查［术］, dye endoscopy, chromoendoscopy色素性结石, pigmented stone,Sengstaken-Blakemore管, Sengstaken-Blakemore tube上腔静脉梗阻, obstruction of superior vena cava上腔静脉综合症, superior vena cava syndrome失弛缓症, achalasia十二指肠闭锁, duodenal atresia十二指肠残端漏, duodenal stump leakage十二指肠梗阻, obstruction of duodenum十二指肠钩虫病, capillariasis hepatica十二指肠假憩室, pseudodiverticulum of duodenum十二指肠镜检查［术］, duodenoscopy十二指肠空肠襻不全旋转, incomplete rotation of duodenojejunal loop 十二指肠溃疡, duodenal ulcer十二指肠旁疝, paraduodenal hernia十二指肠蹼, duodenal web十二指肠胃反流, duodenogastric reflux十二指肠狭窄, duodenal stenosis十二指肠炎, duodenitis食管癌, esophageal carcinoma食管闭锁, esophageal atresia食管穿孔, perforation of esophagus食管恶性黑［色］素瘤, malignant melanoma of esophagus食管腐蚀性灼伤, corrosive burn of esophagus食管环, esophageal ring食管肌层环切延长术, Livaditis procedure食管结核, tuberculosis of esophagus食管静脉曲张内镜结扎［术］, endoscopic rubber banding for esophageal varices 食管静脉曲张, esophageal varices食管静脉曲张硬化治疗［术］, sclerotherapy for esophageal varices 食管镜检查［术］, esophagoscopy食管空肠吻合术, esophagojejunostomy食管扩张探条, bougie for esophageal dilatation食管裂孔疝, hiatus hernia食管裂孔疝修补术, hiatal hernia repair食管内压力测定, intraesophageal manometry食管囊肿, esophageal cyst食管旁疝, paraesophageal hernia食管旁食管裂孔疝, paraesophageal hiatus hernia食管平滑肌瘤摘出术, enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma食管蹼, esophageal web食管憩室, diverticulum of esophagus食管切除术, esophagectomy食管曲张静脉破裂, rupture of esophageal varices食管神经性功能紊乱, neurogenic dysfunction of esophagus食管十二指肠吻合术, esophagoduodenostomy食管酸灌注试验, esophageal acid perfusion test食管探条, esophageal bougie食管胃底吻合术, esophagofundostomy食管胃切除术, esophagogastrectomy食管胃切除术与结肠间置术, esophagogastrectomy with colon interposition食管胃切除术与Roux-en-Y形食管空肠吻合术, esophagogastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy食管胃吻合术, esophagogastrostomy食管消化性溃疡, peptic ulcer of esophagus食管炎, esophagitis食管异位软骨, ectopic cartilage of esophagus食管运动功能失调, esophageal motility dysfunction食管粘膜撕裂症, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, esophageal mucosa laceration食管粘膜息肉, polypus of esophageal mucosa食管重复畸形, duplication of esophagus食管自发性破裂, spontaneous rupture of esophagus食欲缺乏, anorexia柿石, diospyrobezoar, persimmon bezoar嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎, eosinophilic gastroenteritis嗜酸细胞性胃炎, eosinophilic gastritis输入袢综合征, afferent loop syndrome术后胆囊炎, postoperative cholecystitis术后胰腺炎, postoperative pancreatitis术中胆管造影［术］, intraoperative cholangiography术中内镜检查［术］, intraoperative endoscopy双管结肠造口术, double barrel colostomy双极电凝［术］, bipolar electrocoagulation霜斑样病变, ”shimofuri” lesion水充盈法, water-filling method水囊法, water-filled balloon method水压扩张器, hydrostatic dilator水样便, watery stool顺蠕动吻合［术］, iso-peristaltic anastomosis胎粪性肠梗阻, meconium ileus胎粪性腹膜炎, meconium peritonitis探条扩张［术］, bougienage特发性弥漫性溃疡, idiopathic diffuse ulcerTurcot综合征, Turcot syndrome体外肝灌注, extra-corporeal liver perfusion同期胰肾联合移植, simultaneous pancreas and renal transplantation吞气症, aerophagia, air swallowing吞线试验, string test拖出术, pull-through operation脱落法细胞学检查［术］, exfoliative cytologic examination 脱气水, de-aerated water外伤性胰腺炎, traumatic pancreatitis外伤性直肠炎, traumatic proctitisWitzel胃造口术, Witzel gastrostomy微波凝固［术］, microwave coagulationVim-Silverman针活组织检查, Vim-Silverman needle biopsy 萎缩性胃炎, atrophic gastritis畏食, sitophobia, sitiophobia胃［肠］石, bezoar胃癌, gastric cancer胃半切除术, hemigastrectomy胃部分切除术, partial gastrectomy胃肠出血, gastrointestinal bleeding胃肠道外全面营养, total parenteral nutrition胃肠吻合术, gastroenterostomy胃出口梗阻, gastric outlet obstruction胃次全切除术, subtotal gastrectomy胃底折叠术, fundoplication胃窦切除术, antrectomy胃固定术, gastropexy胃结核, tuberculosis of stomach胃镜, gastroscope胃镜检查［术］, gastroscopy胃空肠结肠瘘, gastrojejunocolic fistula胃空肠吻合术, gastrojejunostomy胃溃疡, gastric ulcer胃泌素瘤, gastrinoma胃扭转, gastric volvulus胃旁路术, gastric bypass胃气胀, bloating胃憩室, gastric diverticulum胃切开术, gastrotomy胃全切除术, total gastrectomy胃十二指肠吻合术, gastroduodenostomy胃食管反流, gastroesophageal reflux胃外瘘, gastrocutaneous fistula胃下垂, gastroptosis胃炎, gastritis胃液分析, gastric analysis胃造口术, gastrostomy胃粘膜脱垂, prolapse of gastric mucosa胃重复［畸形］, reduplication of stomach胃潴留, gastric retention,胃灼热, heartburn, pyrosis吻合［术］, anastomosis吻合口, anastomotic stoma吻合口溃疡, stomal ulcer, marginal ulcer无肝期, anhepatic phase无结石胆囊炎, acalculous cholecystitis无菌性腹膜炎, aseptic peritonitis戊型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type E吸收不良, malabsorption吸引活检［术］, suction biopsyHirschsprung病, Hirschsprung diseaseHill食管裂孔疝修补术, Hill hiatal hernia repair息肉, polyp息肉病, polyposis息肉分块切除［术］, piecemeal polypectomy息肉切除［术］, polypectomy洗胃, gastric lavage细菌性腹泻, bacterial diarrhea细菌性肝脓肿, bacterial liver abscess细菌性痢疾, bacillary dysentery, shigellosis先天性胆总管扩张, congenital choledochus dilatation先天性胆总管囊肿, congenital choledochus cyst先天性短食管, congenital short esophagus先天性肥大性幽门狭窄, congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis先天性肝内胆管扩张, congenital intrahepatic duct dilatation先天性肝囊肿, congenital cyst of liver先天性肝硬化, congenital cirrhosis先天性肛门闭锁, congenital anal atresia先天性肛门狭窄, congenital anal stenosis先天性肛门直肠畸形, congenital ano-rectal malformation先天性家族性非溶血性黄疸, congenital familial nonhemolytic jaundice 先天性巨结肠, congenital megacolon先天性食管闭锁, congenital esophageal atresia先天性食管狭窄, congenital stenosis of esophagus先天性胃扭转, congenital gastric volvulus先天性吸收不良, congenital malabsorption先天性直肠闭锁, congenital rectal atresia先天性直肠狭窄, congenital stenosis of rectum纤维内镜, fiberendoscope腺瘤性息肉, adenomatous polyp相对面溃疡, kissing ulcer消化不良, dyspepsia, indigestion消化内镜［学］, digestive endoscopy消化系统结核, tuberculosis of digestive system消化性溃疡, peptic ulcer消化学, digestology小肠恶性淋巴瘤small intestinal malignant lymphoma小肠梗阻, small intestine obstruction小肠镜检查［术］, small intestinal endoscopy小肠溃疡, small intestinal ulcer小肠瘘, small bowel fistula小肠排列术, plication of small intestine小肠炎, enteritis小肠移植, small intestine transplantation小肠淤滞综合征, small intestinal stasis syndrome小儿肝移植, pediatric liver transplantation小儿内镜检查［术］, pediatric endoscopy小儿小肠移植, pediatric small intestine transplantation斜视内镜, oblique-viewing endoscope泻药性结肠, cathartic colon心源性肝硬化, cardiac cirrhosis新生儿肝炎综合征, neonatal hepatitis syndrome新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎, necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn 胸腹膜裂孔疝, bochdalek hernia选择性肝移植, selective-term liver transplantation选择性迷走神经切断术, selective vagotomy血便, bloody stool血管显露, exposed vessel亚急性阑尾炎, subacute appendicitis亚急性重型肝炎, subacute severe hepatitis咽憩室, pharyngeal diverticulum咽食管憩室, pharyngoesophageal diverticulum咽下部憩室, hypopharyngealdiverticulum,炎性肠病, inflammatory bowel disease炎性息肉, inflammatory polyp一期小肠移植, one-stage small intestine transplantation胰胆管汇合异常, malfusion of pancreatobiliary ducts胰岛素瘤, insulinoma, insuloma胰岛细胞瘤, islet cell tumor胰功能不全, pancreatic insufficiency胰管梗阻, pancreatemphraxis胰管结扎式胰腺移植, duct-ligation pancreas transplantation胰管镜检查［术］, pancreatoscopy胰管填塞式胰腺移植, duct obstruction pancreas transplantation 胰管未汇合, non-fusion of pancreatic ducts胰结核, tuberculosis of pancreas胰空肠吻合术, pancreaticojejunostomy胰瘘, pancreatic fistula胰肾联合移植, combined pancreas and renal transplantation 胰十二指肠切除术, pancreaticoduodenectomy胰十二指肠移植, pancreas-duodenal transplantation胰石, pancreatolith, pancreatic calculus胰石病, pancreatolithiasis胰腺创伤, pancreatic trauma胰腺分裂, pancreas divisum胰腺钙化, calcification of pancreas胰腺假囊肿, pancreatic pseudocyst胰腺囊肿, pancreatic cyst胰腺脓肿, abscess of pancreas胰腺外瘘, external fistula of pancreas胰腺炎, pancreatitis胰腺移植, pancreas transplantation胰腺异位, heterotopic pancreas胰腺周围脓肿, peripancreatic abscess胰源性腹水, pancreatic ascites移动性盲肠, mobile caecum移植胰假性囊肿, graft pancreatic pseudocyst移植胰胰瘘, graft pancreatic fistula移植胰胰腺炎, graft pancreatitis乙型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type B乙状结肠膀胱, sigmoid conduit乙状结肠膀胱扩大术, sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty,乙状结肠结核, tuberculosis of sigmoid colon乙状结肠镜检查［术］, sigmoidoscopy异位肝移植, heterotopic liver transplantation异位小肠移植, heterotopic small intestine transplantation异位胰腺移植, heterotopic pancreas transplantation饮食过多, hyperphagia隐肛, covered anus隐窝炎, cryptitis隐源性肝硬化, cryptogenic cirrhosis印片法细胞学检查［术］, imprint cytologic examination应激性溃疡, stress ulcer硬化性胆管炎, sclerosing cholangitis硬式内镜, rigid endoscope永久性结肠造口术, permanent colostomy幽门闭锁, pyloric atresia幽门成形术, pyloroplasty幽门梗阻, pyloric obstruction幽门管溃疡, pyloric canal ulcer幽门环变形, deformity of pyloric ring幽门肌切开术, pyloromyotomy幽门蹼, pyloric web。

消化病学常见英文词汇1．digestive endoscope消化内镜2. digest 消化3.Gastric mucosa 胃粘膜4.Helicopbacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌5.gastric pits 胃小凹6.gullet 食管7.Castroesophageal Reflux Disease(GERD) 胃食管反流病8.Barrett’s esophagus，Barrett食管9.lower esophageal sphincter 食管下括约肌10.reflux esophagitis 反流性食管炎11.lower esophageal sphincter LES 下食管括约肌12.non-erosive reflux disease（NERD）非糜烂性反流病13.oesophagoscopy 食管镜检查14.Hiatal Hernia, 食管裂孔疝15.oesophagoscope 食管镜,食道镜16.transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxatio n 一过性食管下括约肌松弛17.leiomyoma of esophagus.食管平滑肌瘤18.Esophageal Cancer 食管癌19..corrosive burn of esophagus腐蚀性食管灼伤20.achalasia of cardia 贲门失驰症21.stomach 胃.22.gastritis胃炎23.pangastritis 全胃炎24.acute hemorrhagic gastritis 急性出血性胃炎25 Chronic gastritis慢性胃炎26.Chronic atrophic gastritis 慢性萎缩性胃炎27.27.autoimmune gastritis 自身免疫性胃炎28.Chronic superficial gastritis 慢性浅表性胃炎29.29.superficial gastirtis 弥漫性胃窦炎30.Functional gastrointestinal disorder 功能性胃肠病30.31.functional dyspepsia 功能性消化不良32.multi-focal atrophic gastritis多灶萎缩性胃炎33.dysplasia 异型增生34.parietal cell autoantibody 壁细胞自体抗体35.intrinsic factor antibody,IFA 内因子抗体36.intestinal metaplasia of gastric epithelium 胃粘膜肠上皮化生37.Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), 消化性溃疡病38.ZollingerEllison syndrome 胃泌素瘤.39.kissing ulcer 对吻溃疡40.acute stress ulcer 急性应激性溃疡41.Gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma 胃粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤42.Stomach cancer 胃癌43.gastric bleeding 胃出血44.gastric canal 胃管45.gastric juice 胃液46.gaseous distention 胃胀气47.hematemesis 呕血48.gastralgia 胃痛49.gastroenteritis 胃肠炎50.Gastric Acid胃酸51.achlorhydria胃酸缺乏症52.gastrospasm 胃痉挛53.intestine肠54.tuberculose intestinale 肠结核55.Appendicitis 大腸炎56.tuberculated peritonitis结核性腹膜炎57.Intussusception 肠套叠58.Volvulus 盲腸炎59.intestinal cancer肠癌60 ileus.肠闭塞61.Enterovirus肠病毒62.intestinal hemorrhage肠出血63.63．intestinal perforation肠穿孔64.64.intestinal obstruction肠梗阻65.65.intestinal colic 肠绞痛66.66.inflammatory bowel disease 炎症性肠病67.67.Regional Enteritis (Crohn)克隆氏病68.68.Ulceratie Colitis, 溃疡性结肠炎69.69.Dierticular Disease, 肠憩室疾病70.70.carcinoid of large intestine 大肠类癌71.71.colorectal lymphoma 大肠恶性淋巴瘤72.72.Polyposis 息肉病73.family polyposis coli 家族性结肠息肉病74.irritable bowel syndrome 肠易激综合征75.bacterial translocation from intestine肠道细菌移位76.enteral nutrition肠道营养，77.arteriovenous malformation of bowel肠动静脉畸形78.enteric cyst肠囊肿79.radiation injury of intestine肠放射性损伤80.end-to-side intestinal anastomosis 肠端侧吻合术81.volvulus肠扭转82.end-to-end intestinal anastomosis肠端端吻合术82.bowel disturbance肠紊乱，83.intestinal lymphangiectasia肠淋巴管扩张84 intestinal bypass肠旁路术85.肠内引流式胰腺移植enteric drainage pancreas transplantation86肠袢淤滞综合征stagnant loop syndrome87.肠切除术intestinal resection88.肠切开术enterotomy89.肠缺血ischemia of intestine90.肠缺血综合征intestinal ischemic syndrome91.肠外瘘enterocutaneous fistula92.肠外营养parenteral nutrition93.肠外置术intestinal exteriorization94.肠吻合术intestinal anastomosis95.肠系膜动脉闭mesenteric arterial occlusion96.肠系膜动脉栓塞术mesenteric artery embolization97.肠系膜动脉血栓形成mesenteric artery thrombosis98.肠系膜静脉血栓形mesenteric venous thrombosis99.肠系膜囊肿mesenteric cyst100.肠系膜疝mesenteric hernia101.肠系膜上动脉综合征superior mesenteric artery syndrome102肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome103.肠狭窄intestinal stenosis104.104肠旋转不良malrotation of intestine105.肠血管病vascular disease of bowel106.106.肠血管发育异angiodysplasia of bowel107.107.肠血管异常vascular abnormality of intestine108.108.肠易激综合征irritable bowel syndrome109.109.肠源性感染enterogenic infection110.110.肠造口术enterostomy111.肠胀气intestinal tympanites112.112.肠重复畸形duplication of intestine113.肠子宫内膜异位endometriosis in bowel114.乙状结肠膀胱sigmoid conduit114.乙状结肠膀胱扩大sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty116.乙状结肠结核tuberculosis of sigmoid colon117.乙状结肠镜检查［术］sigmoidoscopy118.回肠膀胱扩大术ileum augmentation cystoplasty119.回肠膀胱尿流改道术ileal conduit diversion120.回肠膀胱术ileal conduit Bricker operation121.回肠肛管吻合术ileoanal anastomosis 122.回肠横结肠吻合术ileotransversostomy123.回肠憩室ileal diverticulum124.回肠造口术ileostomy125.回盲部结核ileocecal tuberculosis126.直肠膀胱一结肠腹壁造口术rectal bladder and abdominal colostomy 127.直肠固定术proctopexy，rectopexy128.直肠后脓肿retrorectal abscess129.直肠后拖也吻合巨结肠根治术duhamel procedure130.直肠环钳吻合术ring clamp anastomosis of rectum131.直肠肌鞘拖出吻合巨结肠根治术soave procedure132直肠镜检查［术］proctoscopy133.直肠瘘rectal fistula134.直肠膨出rectocele135.直肠切除术proctectomy136.直肠烧灼rectal burning137.直肠损伤rectal injury138.直肠脱垂rectal prolapse139.直肠狭窄stricture of rectum140,直肠炎proctitis141.直肠乙状结肠镜检查［术］proctosigmoidoscopy142.直肠阴道瘘rectovaginal fistula143.直肠指检digital rectal examination144.直肠周围脓肿perirectal abscess145.直视下活检［术］direct vision biopsy145.肛管癌cancer of anal canal146.肛裂anal fissure，147.肛门闭锁会阴瘘anal atresia with perineal fistula148.肛门闭锁尿道瘘anal atresia with urethral fistula149.肛门闭锁前庭瘘anal atresia with vestibular fistula150.肛门闭锁阴道瘘anal atresia with vaginal fistula151.肛门镜anoscope152.肛门镜检查［术］anoscopy153.肛门溃疡anal ulcer154.肛门瘙痒［症］pruritus ani155.肛门狭窄anal stenosis156.肛门直肠瘘anorectal fistula157.肛门直肠脓肿anorectal abscess158.肛乳头炎anal papillitis 159.肛周脓肿，perianal abscess160.肝脏liver 161肝癌liver cancer 162.阑尾Appendicitis, 163.肝性脑病Hepatic encephalopathy 164.肝昏迷hepatic coma165.原发性肝癌primary carcinoma of the liver.166.病毒性肝炎virus hepatitis 167.传染性肝炎infectious hepatitis 168.急性病毒性肝炎acute viral hepatitis 169.慢性腹泻chronic diarrhea 170.酒精性肝病alcoholic lier171.自身免疫性肝炎autoimmune hepatitis 172.肝硬化cirrhosis of lier 173.腹膜炎Peritonitis, 174.干呕retch175.肝［性］昏迷前期hepatic precoma176.肝被膜下出血subcapsular hemorrhage of liver177.肝病性口臭fetor hepaticus178.肝肠联合移植combined liver and intestine transplantation179.肝大hepatomegaly 180肝淀粉样变性amyloidosis of liver181.肝动脉造影［术］hepatic arteriography 182.肝梗死infarction of liver183.肝结核tuberculosis of liver184.肝静脉梗阻hepatic venous obstruction185.肝慢性阻性充血chronic passive congestion of liver186.肝毛细线虫病capillariasis hepatica187.肝门肠吻合术portoenterostomy 188.肝内胆管结石calculus of intrahepatic duct189.肝内胆管结石病hepatolithiasis190.肝内胆汁淤积intrahepatic cholestasis191.肝脓肿liver absces 192.肝脾大hepatosplenomegaly193.肝片吸虫病fascioliasis hepatica194.肝肾联合移植combined liver and kidney transplantation195.肝肾综合征hepatorenal syndrome196.肝素辅因子heparin co-factor197.肝细胞移植hepatocyte transplantation198.肝下垂hepatoptosis 199.上消化道出血upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage200.壁细胞parietal cell 201.质子泵proton pump 202, 痔疮Hemorrhoids203.gall bladder 胆囊.pancreas 胰腺204.内镜逆行胰胆管造影endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ,ERCP 205.胆石症/胆囊炎Cholelithiasis/Cholecystitis 206.急性胰腺炎Acute Pancreatitis, 207.胰腺癌carcinoma of the Pancreatitis208.胰空肠吻合术pancreaticojejunostomy 209.胰瘘pancreatic fistula210.胰肾联合移植combined pancreas and renal transplantation211.胰十二指肠切除术pancreaticoduodenectomy212.胰十二指肠移植术pancreas-duodenal transplantation213.胰石pancreatolith，pancreatic calculus 214.胰石病pancreatolithiasis215.胰腺创伤pancreatic trauma216.胰腺分裂pancreas divisum217.胰腺钙化calcification of pancreas218.胰腺假囊肿pancreatic pseudocyst219.胰腺囊肿pancreatic cyst220.胰腺脓肿abscess of pancreas221.胰腺外瘘external fistula of pancreas222.胰腺炎pancreatitis223.胰腺移植pancreas transplantation224.胰腺异位heterotopic pancreas225.胰腺周围脓肿peripancreatic abscess226.胰源性腹水pancreatic ascites227.移动性盲肠mobile caecum228.移植胰假性囊肿graft pancreatic pseudocyst229.移植胰胰瘘graft pancreatic fistula 230.移植胰胰腺炎graft pancreatitis231.胆道闭锁biliary atresia232.胆道测压［术］manometry of biliary tract233.胆道出血hemobilia234.胆道感染infection of biliary tract235胆道梗阻obstruction of biliary tract236.胆道蛔虫病biliary ascariasis237.胆道贾第虫病giardiasis of biliary tract238.胆道减压术decompression of biliary tract239.胆道闪烁显像［术］cholescintigraphy 240.胆道运动障碍biliary dyskinesia241.胆固醇结石cholesterol calculus242胆管癌carcinoma of bile duct 243.胆管测压造影［术］manometric cholangiography 244.胆管肝炎cholangiohepatitis245.胆管空肠吻合术cholangiojejunostomy246.胆管扩张cholangiectasis247.胆管内置管扩张［术］biliary stent dilatation248.胆管腺瘤cholangioadenoma249.胆管炎cholangitis250.胆管造影［术］cholangiography251.胆管周围炎pericholangitis252.胆红素脑病bilirubin encephalopathy，kernicterus253.胆红素尿bilirubinuria254.胆绞痛biliary colic255.胆瘘biliary fistula256.胆囊癌carcinoma of gallbladder 257.胆囊肠瘘cholecystoenteric fistula258.胆囊超声显像［术］cholecystosonography 259.胆囊穿孔perforation of gallbladder260.胆囊钙化calcification of gallbladder 261.胆囊积脓empyema of gallbladder262.胆囊积气pneu-gallbladder263.胆囊积水hydrops of gallbladder264.胆囊积血hemocholecyst265.胆囊镜检查［术］cholecystoscopy266.胆囊空肠吻合术cholecystojejunostomy 267.胆囊扭转torsion of gallbladder268.胆囊切除术cholecystectomy269.胆囊切除术后综合征postcholecystectomy syndrome270,胆囊十二指肠吻合术cholecystoduodenostomy271.胆囊收缩素cholecystokinin272.胆囊炎cholecystitis 273.胆囊造口术cholecystostomy274胆囊造影术cholecystography275.胆囊周围脓肿pericholecystic abscess276.胆石性肠梗阻gallstone ileus277.胆总管结石calculus of common bile duct 278.胆小管炎cholangiolitis279.胆血症cholemia280.胆总管梗阻obstruction of common bile duct281.胆汁反流性胃炎bile reflux gastritis282.胆总管端端吻合术choledochocholedochostomy283.胆汁浓缩综合征inspissated bile syndrome284.胆汁性腹膜炎biliary peritonitis，choleperitoneum285.胆汁性肝硬化biliary cirrhosis286.胆总管十二指肠吻合术choledochoduodenostomy 287.胆汁引流biliary drainage288.胆汁淤积cholestasis 289.胆汁粘稠综合征biliary hyperviscosity syndrome290.［内镜］操纵部, ［endoscopic］control section291.［内镜］插入管, ［endoscopic］insertion tube292.［内镜］充气/水阀, ［endoscopic］air/water valve293.［内镜］导光连接部, ［endoscopic］light guide connector section294.［内镜］导光束, ［endoscopic］light guide bundles295.［内镜］导像束, ［endoscopic］image guide bundles296.［内镜］光导纤维, ［endoscopic］optical fibers297.［内镜］活检管道开口, ［endoscopic］biopsy channel opening298.［内镜］角度锁钮, ［endoscopic］locking knob299.［内镜］角度旋钮, ［endoscopic］angulation knob300.［内镜］冷光源, ［endoscopic］cold light source301.［内镜］弯曲部, ［endoscopic］bending section302.［内镜］吸引阀, ［endoscopic］suction valve---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------消化学名词［内镜］操纵部, ［endoscopic］control section［内镜］插入管, ［endoscopic］insertion tube［内镜］充气/水阀, ［endoscopic］air/water valve［内镜］导光连接部, ［endoscopic］light guide connector section［内镜］导光束, ［endoscopic］light guide bundles［内镜］导像束, ［endoscopic］image guide bundles［内镜］光导纤维, ［endoscopic］optical fibers［内镜］活检管道开口, ［endoscopic］biopsy channel opening［内镜］角度锁钮, ［endoscopic］locking knob［内镜］角度旋钮, ［endoscopic］angulation knob［内镜］冷光源, ［endoscopic］cold light source［内镜］弯曲部, ［endoscopic］bending section［内镜］吸引阀, ［endoscopic］suction valve阿米巴［性］肝脓肿, amebic liver abscessEhlers-Danlos综合征, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome嗳气, belch凹陷性病变, excavated lesion, depressed lesionOddi括约肌成形术, plastic repair of Oddi sphincterOddi括约肌切开术, sphincterotomy of OddiOddi括约肌狭窄, stenosis of Oddi sphincterOsler-Weber-Rendu病, Osler-Weber-Rendu diseaseBudd-Chiari综合征, Budd-Chiari syndromeBarrett's食管, Barrett's esophagus板状强直, board-like rigidity半成形便, semiformed stool半乳糖耐量, galactose tolerance伴有先天性综合征的毛细管扩张, telangiectasia associated with congenital syndrome 贝尔西食管裂孔疝修补术, Belsey hiatal hernia repair背驮式肝移植, piggyback liver transplantation贲门成形术, cardioplasty贲门肌切开术, cardiomyotomy鼻胆管引流［术］, nasobiliary drainageBillroth II式吻合［术］, Billroth II anastomosisBillroth I式吻合［术］, Billroth I anastomosis闭袢性肠梗阻, closed loop intestinal obstruction闭塞性肝静脉内膜炎, endophlebitis hepatica obliterans壁外性压迫, extrinsic compression of wall壁细胞迷走神经切断术, parietal cell vagotomy便血, hematochezia变应性直肠炎, allergic proctitis丙型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type C病毒性腹泻, viral diarrhea病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis病毒性胃肠炎, viral gastroenteritisPeutz-Jegher's综合征, Peutz-Jegher's syndrome剥脱活检, strip biopsy博尔德莫尔食管吻合术, Beordmore anastomosis of esophagus Braun’s吻合［术］, Braun anastomosis部分肠梗阻, partial intestinal obstruction擦拭法细胞学检查［术］, abrasive cytologic examination残留结石, residual stone, retained stone残胃, gastric remnant藏毛病, pilonidal disease侧侧吻合［术］, side-to-side anastomosis侧视内镜, side-viewing endoscope产毒性腹泻, toxigenic diarrhea肠闭锁, intestinal atresia肠壁囊样积气, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis肠壁囊样积气［症］, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis肠侧侧吻合［术］, side-to-side intestinal anastomosis肠穿孔, perforation of intestine肠道细菌内毒素移位, endotoxin translocation from intestine肠道细菌移位, bacterial translocation from intestine肠道营养, enteral nutrition肠动静脉畸形, arteriovenous malformation of bowel肠端侧吻合［术］, end-to-side intestinal anastomosis肠端端吻合［术］, end-to-end intestinal anastomosis肠放射性损伤, radiation injury of intestine肠梗阻, intestinal obstruction, ileus肠结核, tuberculosis of intestine肠淋巴管扩张, intestinal lymphangiectasia肠内引流式胰腺移植, enteric drainage pancreas transplantation 肠囊肿, enteric cyst肠扭转, volvulus肠袢淤滞综合征, stagnant loop syndrome肠旁路术, intestinal bypass肠切除术, intestinal resection肠切开术, enterotomy肠缺血, ischemia of intestine肠缺血综合征, intestinal ischemic syndrome肠套叠, intussusception肠外瘘, enterocutaneous fistula肠外营养, parenteral nutrition肠外置术, intestinal exteriorization肠吻合［术］, intestinal anastomosis肠紊乱, bowel disturbance肠系膜动脉闭塞, mesenteric arterial occlusion肠系膜动脉栓塞术, mesenteric artery embolization肠系膜动脉血栓形成, mesenteric artery thrombosis肠系膜静脉血栓形成, mesenteric venous thrombosis肠系膜囊肿, mesenteric cyst肠系膜疝, mesenteric hernia肠系膜上动脉综合征, superior mesenteric artery syndrome肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征, superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome 肠狭窄, intestinal stenosis肠旋转不良, malrotation of intestine肠血管病, vascular disease of bowel肠血管发育异常, angiodysplasia of bowel肠血管异常, vascular abnormality of intestine肠易激综合征, irritable bowel syndrome肠源性感染, enterogenic infection肠造口术, enterostomy肠胀气, intestinal tympanites肠重复畸形, duplication of intestine肠子宫内膜异位, endometriosis in bowel超声腹腔镜, ultrasonic laparoscope超声内镜, ultrasonic endoscope成形便, formed stool冲洗法细胞学检查［术］, lavage cytologic examination虫蚀样边缘, eroded edge出血性胃炎, hemorrhagic gastritis出血性胰腺炎, hemorrhagic pancreatitis穿孔, perforation穿孔性阑尾炎, perforating appendicitis穿透, penetration穿透性溃疡, penetrating ulcer大便失禁, fecal incontinence大肠梗阻, large bowel obstruction, colonic obstruction大网膜及肠系膜囊肿, omental cyst and mesenteric cyst单纯性集群性憩室病, simple massed diverticulosis单极电凝［术］, monopolar electrocoagulation胆［结］石, gallstone胆道闭锁, biliary atresia胆道测压［术］, manometry of biliary tract胆道出血, hemobilia胆道感染, infection of biliary tract胆道梗阻, obstruction of biliary tract胆道蛔虫病, biliary ascariasis胆道贾第虫病, giardiasis of biliary tract胆道减压术, decompression of biliary tract胆道闪烁显像［术］, cholescintigraphy胆道运动障碍, biliary dyskinesia胆固醇结石, cholesterol calculus胆管癌, carcinoma of bile duct胆管测压造影［术］, manometric cholangiography 胆管肝炎, cholangiohepatitis胆管空肠吻合术, cholangiojejunostomy胆管扩张, cholangiectasis胆管内置管扩张［术］, biliary stent dilatation胆管腺瘤, cholangioadenoma胆管炎, cholangitis胆管造影［术］, cholangiography胆管周围炎, pericholangitis胆红素脑病, bilirubin encephalopathy, kernicterus胆红素尿, bilirubinuria胆绞痛, biliary colic胆瘘, biliary fistula胆囊癌, carcinoma of gallbladder胆囊肠瘘, cholecystoenteric fistula胆囊超声显像［术］, cholecystosonography胆囊穿孔, perforation of gallbladder胆囊钙化, calcification of gallbladder胆囊积脓, empyema of gallbladder胆囊积气, pneu-gallbladder胆囊积水, hydrops of gallbladder胆囊积血, hemocholecyst胆囊镜检查［术］, cholecystoscopy胆囊空肠吻合术, cholecystojejunostomy胆囊扭转, torsion of gallbladder胆囊切除术, cholecystectomy胆囊切除术后综合征, postcholecystectomy syndrome 胆囊十二指肠吻合术, cholecystoduodenostomy胆囊收缩素, cholecystokinin胆囊炎, cholecystitis胆囊造口术, cholecystostomy胆囊造影术, cholecystography胆囊周围脓肿, pericholecystic abscess胆石性肠梗阻, gallstone ileus胆石症, cholelithiasis胆小管炎, cholangiolitis胆血症, cholemia胆胰管汇合异常, choledochopancreatic junction anomaly胆汁反流性胃炎, bile reflux gastritis胆汁尿, choleuria, choluria胆汁浓缩综合征, inspissated bile syndrome胆汁性腹膜炎, biliary peritonitis, choleperitoneum胆汁性肝硬化, biliary cirrhosis胆汁胸, cholothorax胆汁引流, biliary drainage胆汁淤积, cholestasis胆汁粘稠综合征, biliary hyperviscosity syndrome胆总管端端吻合术, choledochocholedochostomy胆总管梗阻, obstruction of common bile duct胆总管结石, calculus of common bile duct, choledocholith胆总管结石病, choledocholithiasis胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合术, choledochojejunostomy Roux-en-Y 胆总管扩张, choledochectasia胆总管囊肿, choledochal cyst胆总管囊肿切除术, choledochocystectomy胆总管切开术, choledochotomy胆总管十二指肠吻合术, choledochoduodenostomy胆总管狭窄, stricture of common bile duct胆总管炎, choledochitis胆总管造口术, choledochostomy弹性假黄色瘤, pseudoxanthoma elasticum蛋白丢失性肠病, protein-losing enteropathyDevine结肠造口术, Devine colostomy电子内镜检查［术］, electronic endoscopy, videoendoscopy淀粉酶-肌酸酐清除率之比, amylase-creatinine clearance ratio淀粉酶清除率, clearance of amylase丁型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type D，delta hepatitis动脉胆道瘘, arteriobiliary fistula痘疮样胃炎, gastritis varioliformisDubin-Johnson综合征, Dubin-Johnson syndrome端侧吻合［术］, end-to-side anastomosis端端吻合［术］, end-to-end anastomosis端式结肠造口术, terminal colostomy短肠, short gut短肠综合征, short-bowel syndrone多发性静脉扩张, multiple phlebectasia,多极电凝［术］, multipolar electrocoagulation多囊肝, polycystic liver二期小肠移植, two-stage intestine transplantation翻出型肛门外吻合巨结肠根治术, Swenson procedure翻转法内镜检查［术］, reverse method of endoscopy反流性食管炎, reflux esophagitis反跳痛, rebound tenderness反胃, regurgitation放大腹腔镜检查［术］, magnifying laparoscopy放大内镜检查［术］, magnifying endoscopy放射性结肠炎, radiation colitis放射性小肠炎, radiation enteritis非闭塞性肠梗死, nonocclusive intestinal infarction肥厚性胃炎, hypertrophic gastritis肥厚性幽门狭窄, hypertrophic pylorostenosis肥皂性结肠炎, soap colitis粪便嵌塞, fecal impaction粪瘘, fecal fistula蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎, phlegmonous appendicitis蜂窝织炎性胃炎, phlegmonous gastritis缝线肉芽肿, suture granuloma弗纳-莫里森综合征, Verner-Morrison syndrome辅助性肝移植, auxiliary liver transplantation腐蚀性食管狭窄, caustic stricture of esophagus腐蚀性胃炎, corrosivegastritis复发性胆总管结石病, recurrent choledocholithiasis复发性溃疡, recurrent ulcer复发性阑尾炎, recurrent appendicitis复合性胃和十二指肠溃疡, combined gastric and duodenal ulcers 腹部结核, abdominal tuberculosis腹鸣, borborygmus腹膜刺激征, peritoneal irritation sign腹膜炎, peritonitis腹膜粘连, peritoneal adhesion腹腔穿刺［术］, peritoneocentesis, abdominal paracentesis腹腔动脉压迫综合征, celiac artery compression syndrome腹腔灌洗, peritoneal lavage腹腔积血, hemoperitoneum腹腔镜胆囊切除［术］, laparoscopic cholecystectomy腹腔镜检查［术］, laparoscopy腹腔镜治疗［术］, therapeutic laparoscopy腹腔内引流式胰腺移植, free-drainage intraperitoneal pancreas transplantation 腹腔脓肿, peritoneal abscess腹水, ascites腹主动脉瘤, abdominal aortic aneurysm改良的黑勒贲门肌切开术, modified Heller operation钙乳胆汁, milk of calcium bile干呕, retch肝［性］昏迷, hepatic coma肝［性］昏迷前期, hepatic precoma肝被膜下出血, subcapsular hemorrhage of liver肝病性口臭, fetor hepaticus肝肠联合移植, combined liver and intestine transplantation肝大, hepatomegaly肝淀粉样变性, amyloidosis of liver肝动脉造影［术］, hepatic arteriography肝梗死, infarction of liver肝结核, tuberculosis of liver肝静脉梗阻, hepatic venous obstruction肝慢性阻性充血, chronic passive congestion of liver肝毛细线虫病, capillariasis hepatica肝门肠吻合术, portoenterostomy, Kasai procedure肝内胆管结石, calculus of intrahepatic duct肝内胆管结石病, hepatolithiasis肝内胆汁淤积, intrahepatic cholestasis肝脓肿, liver abscess肝脾大, hepatosplenomegaly肝片吸虫病, fascioliasis hepatica肝肾联合移植, combined liver and kidney transplantation肝肾综合征, hepatorenal syndrome肝素辅因子, heparin co-factor肝素化, heparinization肝素化逆转, heparinization reversal肝细胞移植, hepatocyte transplantation肝下垂, hepatoptosis肝纤维化, hepatic fibrosis肝心联合移植, combined liver and heart transplantation肝性昏迷, hepatic coma肝性脑病, hepatic encephalopathy肝炎后肝硬化, posthepatitic cirrhosis肝胰联合移植, combined liver and pancreas transplantation肝移植, liver transplantation肝硬化, cirrhosis of liver肝周炎, perihepatitis感染性腹泻, infectious diarrhea感染性胃炎, infectious gastritis肛管癌, cancer of anal canal肛裂, anal fissure,肛门闭锁会阴瘘, anal atresia with perineal fistula 肛门闭锁尿道瘘, anal atresia with urethral fistula 肛门闭锁前庭瘘, anal atresia with vestibular fistula 肛门闭锁阴道瘘, anal atresia with vaginal fistula肛门镜, anoscope肛门镜检查［术］, anoscopy肛门溃疡, anal ulcer肛门瘙痒［症］, pruritus ani肛门狭窄, anal stenosis肛门直肠瘘, anorectal fistula肛门直肠脓肿, anorectal abscess肛乳头炎, anal papillitis肛周脓肿, perianal abscess高胆红素血［症］, hyperbilirubinemia高淀粉酶血［症］, hyperamylasemia高峰酸排出量, peak acid outputGrey Turner征, Grey Turner sign膈膨升, eventration of diaphragm膈疝, diaphragmatic hernia膈下脓肿, subphrenic abscess梗阻性阑尾炎, obstructive appendicitis孤立性非特异性溃疡, isolated nonspecific ulcer骨盆直肠窝脓肿, pelvirectal abscess管探查［术］, exploration of common bile duct光动力学治疗［术］, photodynamic therapy光凝固［术］, photocoagulation果糖不耐受［症］, fructose intolerance黑粪, melena黑勒贲门肌切开术, heller operation,横结肠造口术, transverse colostomy呼气试验breath test糊状便, mushy stool滑动性食管裂孔疝, sliding hiatus hernia滑管, sliding tube化脓性腹膜炎, purulent peritonitis化脓性阑尾炎, suppurative appendicitis化脓性胰腺炎, purulent pancreatitis化生性息肉, metaplastic polyp化学性腹膜炎, chemical peritonitis坏疽性胆囊炎, gangrenous cholecystitis坏疽性阑尾炎, gangrenous appendicitis坏死后肝硬化, postnecrotic cirrhosis坏死性胰腺炎, necrotizing pancreatitis环状胰腺, annular pancreas黄疸, jaundice, icterus黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis磺溴酞钠试验, bromsulphalein test回肠膀胱扩大术, ileum augmentation cystoplasty, ileocystoplasty回肠膀胱尿流改道术, ileal conduit diversion回肠膀胱术, ileal conduit, Bricker operation回肠肛管吻合术, ileoanal anastomosis回肠横结肠吻合术, ileotransversostomy回肠憩室, ileal diverticulum回肠造口术, ileostomy回盲部结核, ileocecal tuberculosisWhipple病, Whipple disease混合性结石, mixed stone, mixed calculus混合性毛细血管-海绵状血管瘤, mixed capillary-cavernous hemangioma 活动性肝炎, active hepatitis活体部分肝移植, partial living liver transplantation获得性巨结肠, acquired megacolon机械性肠梗阻, mechanical intestinal obstruction, mechanical ileus基础酸排出量, basal acid outputKillian憩室, Killian diverticulum激光治疗［术］, laser therapy急腹症, acute abdomen急性肠系膜淋巴结炎, acute mesenteric lymphadenitis急性出血性胰腺炎, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis急性腐蚀性食管炎, acute corrosive esophagitis急性肝［功能］衰竭, acute hepatic failure急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎, acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis急性坏死性胰腺炎, acute necrotizing pancreatitis急性间质性胰腺炎, acute interstitial pancreatitis急性卡他性阑尾炎, acute catarrhal appendicitis急性弥漫性腹膜炎, acute diffuse peritonitis,急性水肿性胰腺炎, acute edematous pancreatitis急性胃扩张, acute dilatation of stomach急性胃扩张, acute gastric dilatation急性应激性溃疡, acute stress ulcer急性重型肝炎, acute severe hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis急诊肝移植, emergency liver transplantation继发性巨结肠, secondary megacolon寄生虫性腹泻, parasitic diarrheaGardner综合征, Gardner syndrome家族性肠息肉病, familial intestinal polyposis家族性结肠息肉病, familial polyposis coli甲胎蛋白测定, alpha-fetoprotein detemination甲型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type A假膜性结肠炎, pseudomembranous colitis假膜性小肠结肠炎, pseudomembranous enterocolitis假憩室, pseudodiverticulum假息肉, pseudopolyp假性感染性直肠炎, pseudoinfectious proctitis假性结肠梗阻, false colonic obstruction, Ogilvie syndrome减体积肝移植, reduced-size liver transplantation碱性反流性胃炎, alkaline reflux gastritis浆液性腹膜炎, serous peritonitis胶原性结肠炎, collagenous colitis绞窄性肠梗阻, strangulated intestinal obstruction节段小肠移植, segmental small intestine transplantation节段性肠扩张, segmental dilatation of intestine节段胰腺移植, segmental pancreas transplantation结肠癌, cancer of colon结肠癌Dukes分类法, Dukes classification for colon cancer结肠膀胱瘘, colovesical fistula结肠穿孔, colonic perforation结肠次全切除术, subtotal colectomy结肠非特异性溃疡, nonspecific ulcer of colon结肠孤立性溃疡, colonic solitary ulcer结肠黑色素沉着病, melanosis coli结肠后胃空肠吻合术, retrocolic gastrojejunostomy结肠回肠侧吻合术, Martin procedure结肠结核, tuberculosis of colon结肠镜检查［术］, colonoscopy结肠憩室病, diverticular disease of colon结肠前胃空肠吻合术, antecolic gastrojejunostomy结肠切除术, colectomy结肠切开术, colotomy结肠缺血, colonic ischemia结肠息肉, polyp of colon结肠息肉病, polyposis coli结肠腺瘤, adenoma of colon结肠造口术, colostomy结肠直肠切除术, coloproctectomy结核性腹膜炎, tuberculous peritonitis结石性胰腺炎, calcareus pancreatitis近侧胃迷走神经切断术, proximal gastric vagotomy经腹骶直肠切除术, abdominosacral resection, anterior resection 经颈静脉胆管造影［术］, transjugular cholangiography经口胆管镜检查［术］, peroral cholangioscopy经皮经肝胆管镜检查［术］, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy 经皮经肝胆管造影［术］, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography 经皮经肝胆囊镜检查［术］, percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy 经皮经肝栓塞, percutaneous transhepatic embolization经皮内镜胃造瘘［术］, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy经直肠活检, transrectal biopsy精神性便秘, psychogenic constipation颈部食管胃吻合术, cervical esophagogastrostomy痉挛性肠梗阻, spastic intestinal obstruction痉挛性肛部痛, proctalgia fugax痉挛性结肠憩室病, spastic colon diverticulosis静脉闭塞性病, veno-occlusive disease静脉胆管造影［术］, intravenous cholangiography静脉胆囊造影［术］, intravenous cholecystography静脉切开术, venesection, phlebotomy静脉曲张, varicosis, varix静脉曲张性溃疡, varicose ulcer静脉造影［术］, phlebography酒精性肝炎, alcoholic hepatitis酒精性肝硬化, alcoholic cirrhosis酒精性胰腺炎, alcoholic pancreatitis局限性肠炎, regional enteritis, Crohn disease局限性腹膜炎, localized peritonitis巨大肥厚性胃炎, giant hypertrophy gastritis巨大皱襞, giant folds, giant ruga巨结肠, megacolon巨十二指肠, megaduodenum菌群失调性肠炎, flora imbalance enteritisCullen征, Cullen signCanada-Cronkhite综合征, Canada-Cronkhite syndrome可控性回肠膀胱术, continent ileal reservoirCrigler-Najjar综合征, Crigler-Najjar syndromeCruveilhier-Baumgarten综合征, Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome克罗恩病, Crohn’s disease空肠回肠旁路术, jejunoileal bypass空肠间置代胆道术, choledochoplasty by jejunal interposition空肠移植, jejunum transplantation空肠造口术, jejunostomy口服胆囊造影［术］, oral cholecystographyCourvoisier征, Courvoisier sign溃疡性结肠炎, ulcerative colitis拉埃内克肝硬化, Laennec’s cirrhosis阑尾残端, appendiceal stump阑尾粪石, appendiceal fecalith阑尾切除术, appendectomy阑尾炎, appendicitis阑尾粘液囊肿, appendiceal mucocele阑尾周围脓肿, periappendiceal abscess类癌, carcinoid类癌综合征, carcinoid syndrome里急后重, tenesmus隆起性病变, protrusion lesion鲁氏Y形吻合［术］, Roux-en-Y anastomosisRotor综合征, Rotor syndrome麻痹性肠梗阻, paralytic ileusMallory-Weiss综合征, Mallory-Weiss syndrome慢性非化浓性破坏性胆管炎, chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis 慢性溃疡性结肠炎, chronic ulcerative colitis慢性重型肝炎, chronic severe hepatitis盲肠膀胱扩大术, cecum augmentation cystoplasty盲肠后位阑尾, retrocecal appendix盲肠炎, typhlitis, cecitis盲肠造口术, cecostomy盲袢综合征, blind loop syndrome毛石, trichobezoar毛植物石, trichophytobezoarMeckel憩室, Meckel diverticulumMenetrier病, Menetrier disease门静脉高压, portal hypertension门静脉脓血症, portal pyemia门静脉血栓形成, thrombosis of portal vein门静脉炎, pylephlebitis门脉性肝硬化, portal cirrhosis门体脑病, portosystemic encephalopathy弥漫性腹膜炎, diffuse peritonitis弥漫性食管痉挛, diffuse spasm of esophagus迷走神经干切断术, truncal vagotomy迷走神经切断术, vagotomy糜烂性胃炎, erosive gastritis米库利兹结肠造口术, Mikulicz colostomy面团感, doughy sensationMurphy征, Murphy sign内镜, endoscope内镜超声检查［术］, endoscopic ultrasonography内镜胆管引流［术］, endoscopic biliary drainage内镜复位［术］, endoscopic reduction内镜检查术, endoscopy内镜逆行胰胆管造影［术］, endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography 内镜取石［术］, endoscopic stone extraction technique内镜碎石［术］, endoscopic lithotripsy内镜胰管引流［术］, endoscopic drainage of pancreatic duct内镜粘膜下肿瘤切除［术］, endoscopic enucleation of submucosal tumor内镜治疗［术］, therapeutic endoscopy内镜置管［术］, endoprosthesis内镜注射治疗［术］, endoscopic injection therapy逆蠕动吻合［术］, antiperistaltic anastomosis凝结物, concretion诺沃克组病毒性胃肠炎, norwalk agents gastroenteritis呕血, hematemesis袢式结肠造口术, loop colostomy喷射性呕吐, projectile vomiting盆腔内吻合巨结肠根治术, rehbein procedure劈裂式肝移植, split liver transplantation皮革样胃, leather bottle stomach, linitis plastica脾大, splenomegaly脾功能亢进, hypersplenism脾门静脉造影术, splenoportography脾曲综合征, splenic flexure syndrome屁, flatus胼胝性溃疡, callous ulcer, indolent ulcer平坦性病变, flat lesionPlummer-Vinson综合征, Plummer-Vinson syndrome脐肠瘘, omphalo-enteric fistula气腹, pneumoperitoneum气管食管瘘, tracheo-esophageal fistula气囊扩张器, balloon dilator气囊填塞, balloon tamponade气体扩张器, pneumatic dilator气胀, flatulence, gaseous distention气肿性胆囊炎, emphysematous cholecystitis憩室, diverticulum憩室病, diverticulosis憩室前期, prediverticular stage憩室切除术, diverticulectomy憩室炎, diverticulitis迁延性肝炎, persistent hepatitis前视内镜, forward-viewing endoscope钳夹活检［术］, forceps biopsy浅表性胃炎, superficial gastritis腔静脉造影［术］, venacavography桥形皱襞, bridging fold。

o antigen o 抗原o antigen polysaccharide o 抗原多糖oak forest 栎树橡木林oak grove 栎树橡木林oat 燕麦object glass 物镜objective 物镜objective environment 客观环境objective micrometer 物镜测微尺obligate aerobe 专性需氧生物obligate anaerobe 专性嫌气生物obligate autotrophy 专性自养obligate parasite 专性寄生菌obligate saprophyte 专性腐生菌obligatory parasitism 专性寄生oblique muscle 斜纹肌observation 观察observatory 观测台obtect pupa 被蛹occasional regeneration 偶然再生occasional species 偶见种occipital 后头的occipital bone 枕骨occipital condyle 后头突occipital foramen 大后头孔;后头孔occipital ridge 后头脊occiput 枕部occlusion 咬合occult virus 潜伏性病毒occupational disease 职业病occurence 发生ocean 洋ocean province 海洋区oceanian region 海洋区oceanic climate 海洋性气候oceanography 海洋学ocellus 单眼ochre codon 舣密码子ochre mutation 舣突变ochre suppressor 舣校正基因ochrea 托叶鞘ocrea 托叶鞘octahedron 八面体octamer sequence 八碱基顺列octaploid 八倍体octopine 章鱼碱octopoda 八腕类octopodes 八腕类octose 辛糖ocular 目镜ocular cup 视杯oculomotor nerve 动眼神经oculomotorius 动眼神经oculoreaction 眼反应odd pinnate 奇数羽状的odd toed ungulales 奇蹄类odontoblast 成牙质细胞odontogeny 牙发生odontography 牙形描记法odontoid 齿状的odontolith 齿石odontology 牙学odor 气味odor mark 臭迹odoriferous gland 气味腺odour 气味odour mark 臭迹odouriferous gland 气味腺oecesis 定居oenocyte 绛色细胞oesophageal 食管的oesophagus 食管oestrin 雌酮oestriol 雌二醇oestrogen 雌激素oestrogenic hormon 雌激素oestrone 雌酮oestrous period 发情期oestrus cycle 发情周期oestrus estrus 发情oestrus synchronization 发情同步化offset bulb 鳞芽offshoot 侧枝offspring 后代ogy 农业气象学oidiospore 粉孢子oidium 粉孢子oil 油oil body 油体oil field 油田oil immersion 油浸渍oil plant 油脂植物oil sac 油囊oil vacuole 油胞okazaki fragment 冈崎断片olar nucleus 极核old field 休闲地oleic acid 油酸oleiferous 含油的olein 油酸甘油脂olfaction 嗅觉酌olfactology 嗅觉学olfactometer 嗅觉计olfactory 嗅觉的olfactory brain 嗅脑olfactory cell 嗅细胞olfactory centre 嗅中枢olfactory hair 嗅毛olfactory organ 嗅觉器olfactory pit 鼻窝olfactory placode 嗅基板olfactory receptor 嗅觉感受器olfactory sac 嗅囊olfactory sense 嗅觉olifactory nerve 嗅神经oligemia 血量减少oligoadenylate synthetase 寡腺苷酸合成酶oligocene 渐新世oligocene epoch 渐新世oligochaeta 寡毛类oligochaetes 寡毛类oligodynamic action 微力动作微力酌oligogene 柱因oligogenic character 寡基因性状oligogenic inheritance 寡基因遗传oligohemia 血量减少oligolecithal egg 少黄卵oligomer 寡聚物oligomery 减数性oligonucleotide 寡核苷酸oligonucleotide probe 低核苷酸探测剂oligopeptide 寡肽oligophagous animal 寡食性动物oligopod larva 寡足幼虫oligopod phase 少足相oligosaccharide 寡糖oligospermous 少种子的oligotrophic lake 少营养湖oligotrophic plant 寡养植物oligotrophy 营养不足olive tree 橄榄omasum 重瓣胃ombrophilous plant 适雨植物ombrophobe 避雨植物ombrophobous plant 避雨植物omega protein 蛋白omega sequence 顺列omentum 网膜ommatidium 个眼ommatochrome 阿敏眼色素ommochrome 阿敏眼色素omnipotency 全能性omnivore 杂食动物omnivorous 杂食的omphalus 脐onchosphaera 六钩幼虫onchosphere 六钩幼虫oncogene 肿瘤基因oncogenesis 肿瘤发生oncogenic virus 肿瘤病毒oncolysis 溶癌酌oncometry 瀑体积测量法oncoprotein 肿瘤蛋白oncotic 胶体渗透压oncotic pressure 胶体渗透压one celled 单胞的one gene one enzyme hypothesis 一基因一酶假说one hit theory 一靶说one layered community 单层群落one stranded 单链的onion 洋葱ontogenesis 个体发生ontogenetic 介体娄生的ontogeny 个体发生oocenter 卵中心体oocyst 卵囊oocyte 卵母细胞ooecium 卵胞oogamy 受精生殖oogenesis 卵子发生oogonium 藏卵器ookinesis 卵核分裂ookinete 动合子oolemma 卵黄膜oomycetes 卵菌类ooplasm 卵质ooplasmic segregation 卵质分离oosome 卵小体oosperm 接合子oosphere 卵球oospore 卵胞子oostegite 载卵叶ootheca 卵囊ootid 卵子ootype 卵模ootypus 卵模oozooid 卵生体opal codon 卵白石密码子opal mutation 卵白石突变opal suppressor 卵白石抑制基因opalescence 乳光opaque area 暗区open blood vascular system 开放血液系统open canopy 稀疏授层open chain 开链open circular dna 开环 dnaopen community 稀疏群落open culture 开放培养open pollination 开放传粉open reading frame 开放解读码组open stand 开放林open system 开放系open vegetation 稀疏植被opening 林中空地operator 操纵基因operator gene 操纵基因opercle 蒴盖opercular gill 盖鳃operculum 鳃盖operon 操纵子operon theory 操纵子说ophiocephalous 蛇头的ophiopluteus 蛇尾幼虫opioid peptide 吗啡样肽opium 鸦片opium poppy 婴粟opponent colour theory 反色说opposite phyllotaxis 对生叶序oppressed tree 被压树oppression 压迫opsin 视蛋白opsonin 淀素optic chiasma 视交叉optic cup 视杯optic ganglion 视神经节optic lobe 视叶optic nerve 视神经optic organ 视觉器optic stalk 眼柄optic vesicle 视泡optical antipode 旋光对映体optical density 吸收度optical isomer 旋光异构体optical isomerism 旋光异构optical microscope 光学显微镜optical rod 感杆optical rotation 旋光性optical spectrum 光谱optimal concentration 最适浓度optimal ph 最适 phoptimal proportion 最适比率optimal ratio 最适比率optimal temperature 最适温度optimization 最佳化optimum 最适optimum curve 最适曲线optimum density 最适密度optimum ph 最适 ph optimum temperuture 最适温度optimum value 最优值oral appendage 口肢oral arm 口腕oral cavity 口腔oral disc 口盘oral gland 口腔腺oral groove 围口部oral membrane 咽膜oral pole 口极oral sucker 口吸盘orbit 眶orbital electron 轨道电子orbital periosteum 眶骨膜orcein 地衣红orchard 果拾orchid 兰科植物orcine 苔黑素orcinol 苔黑素orcinol reaction 地衣酚反应order 群落目order of reaction 反应级order of succession 演替顺序order stone age 旧石票代ordination 序列法ordovician 奥陶纪ordovician period 奥陶纪organ 瀑organ culture 瀑培养organ field 瀑场organ formation 瀑形成organ muscle 瀑肌organ of attachment 附着瀑organ of locomation 运动瀑organ of sight 视觉器organ of taste 味觉瀑organ rudiment 瀑原基organ sense 瀑感觉organ specific enzyme 瀑特异酶organ specificity 瀑专一性organella 胞器organelle 细胞器organic acid 有机酸organic analysis 有机分析organic base 有机碱organic environment 有机环境organic evolution 生物进化organic fertilizer 有机肥料organic matter 有机物质organic sense 瀑感觉organic solvent 有机溶剂organiser 形成体organism 有机体organization 机体形成organization center 组成中心organization effect 机体形成效果organizer 形成体organogenesis 瀑发生organogeny 瀑发生organology 瀑学organophysiology 瀑生理学organotroph 有机营养的organotrophic 有机营养的organotropism. organotropy 向瀑性oriental subregion 东洋亚区orientation 定向orientation flight 定位飞翔orientation in space 空间定位orientation movement 定向运动orientation response 定向响应orifice 口origin 起源;起点origin of replication 复制起点origin of tumour 肿瘤起原original population 原始群体original seed 原种oriole 金莺ornament 装饰ornamental plant 观赏植物ornithine 鸟氨酸ornithine cycle 鸟氨酸循环ornithine decarboxylase 鸟氨酸脱羧酶ornithogamy 鸟媒性ornithology 鸟类学ornithophilous 乌媒的ornithophilous flower 鸟媒花ornithophilous plant 鸟媒植物ornithophily 鸟媒性ornithotomy 鸟类解剖ornithuric acid 鸟尿酸orogenesis 造山运动orogeny 造山运动orotic acid 乳清酸orotidylic acid 乳清酸核苷酸orrhoreaction 血清反应orthodromic conduction 顺向传导orthogenesis 直向进化orthogeotropism 直向地性orthognathism 直颌orthoheliotropism 直向阳性orthokinesis 直动态orthomyxovirus 正黏病毒orthophosphate 正磷酸盐orthophototropism 直向光性orthoplasy 定向形成orthoploidy 整倍性orthoptera 直翅类orthopterans 直翅类orthoselection 直向淘汰orthostichy 直列线orthotriaene 正三叉体orthotropic 直生的orthotropism 直向性orthotropous 直生的oryzenin 米谷蛋白osazone 脎oscillation 振动oscillograph 示波器oscillometer 示波测量法osculum 出水孔osmatic animal 嗅觉动物osmic acid 锇酸osmoceptor 渗透压感受器osmolality 摩尔渗透压浓度osmolarity 摩尔渗透压浓度osmology 嗅觉学osmometer 渗透压计osmonosology 嗅觉障碍学osmophily 嗜高渗性osmoreceptor 渗透压感受器osmoregulation 渗透第osmose 渗透osmosis 渗透osmotaxis 区压性osmotic balance 渗透平衡osmotic concentration 渗透浓度osmotic pressure 渗透压osmotic regulation 渗透第osmotic shock 渗压震扰osmotic value 渗透价osmotolerant 渗透耐性的osmotropism 向渗性osology 体液学osphradium 嗅检器osphresiology 嗅觉学ossein 骨胶原osseomucoid 骨粘蛋白osseous 骨质的osseous labyrinth 骨迷路osseous tissue 骨组织ossicle 小骨ossification 骨化ossification center 骨化中心osteichthyes 硬骨鱼类osteoblast 成骨细胞osteoclast 破骨细胞osteoclast activating factor 破骨细胞活因子osteocranium 骨颅osteocyte 骨细胞osteoderm 皮肤骨化osteogenesis 骨生成osteology 骨学osteometry 骨测量法ostiole 小孔ostium 小孔ostracoderms 甲青鱼类ostrone 雌酮otic capsule 听囊otic vesicle 听囊otocyst 听泡otolith 平衡石otter 水獭otypic 非典型的ouabain 乌巴因outbreak 大发生outbreeding 远交outcrossing 远交outer ear 外耳outer integument 外珠被outer layer 外层outer membrane protein 外膜蛋白outflow 瘤outlet 瘤output 产量outside temperature 外部温度outwash 消融oval window 卵圆窗ovalbumin 卵清蛋白ovalocyte 椭圆红细胞ovarial transmission 经卵传染ovarian cumulus 卵丘ovarian cycle 卵巢周期ovarian follicle 格拉夫氏泡ovarian hormone 卵巢激素ovarian tube 卵巢管ovariole 卵巢管ovariotestis 卵睾ovary 卵巢;子房ovate 卵圆形的over all turnover 总转换overcrowding 群体过剩overdevelopment 过速进化overdominance 过显性overdominance load 过显性负载overflow 洪水overground organ 地上瀑overground part 地上部overheating 过热overlap 重叠overlapping code 重叠密码overlapping sequence 重叠排列overmaturation 过熟overnutrition 过营养overpopulation 群体过剩overpressure 过压overripeness 过分成熟overspecialization 过度特化ovicide 杀卵剂oviduct 输卵管ovification 卵形成oviger 携卵脚ovigerous leg 携卵脚oviparity 卵生oviparous 卵生的oviposition 产卵oviposition pheromone 产卵信息素ovipositor 产卵器oviscapte 产卵器ovocenter 卵中心体ovocyte 卵母细胞ovoflavin 核黄素ovogenesis 卵发生ovoglobulin 卵球蛋白ovogonium 卵原细胞ovoid 卵圆形的ovomucin 卵粘蛋白ovomucoid 卵类粘蛋白ovoplasm 卵质ovotestis 卵睾ovoviviparity 卵胎生ovulation 排卵ovulation rate 排卵率ovule 胚珠ovum 卵细胞ovum transfer 卵移植owerwintering 越冬owl 枭oxalic acid 草酸oxaloacetate pathway 草酰乙酸途径oxaloacetate tautomerase 草酰乙酸互变异构酶oxaloacetic acid 草酰乙酸oxalosuccinic acid decarboxylase 草酰琥珀酸脱羧酶oxidant 氧化剂oxidase 氧化酶oxidation 氧化oxidation reduction cycle 氧化还原循环oxidation reduction potential 氧化还原电位oxidation reduction titration 氧化还原滴定oxidative assimilation 氧化同化oxidative deamination 氧化脱氨oxidative fermentation 氧化发酵oxidative metabolism 氧化代谢oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化oxidizing agent 氧化剂oxidizing enzyme 氧化酶oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶oxidoreduction 氧化还原oxime 肟oxybiotic 需氧的oxygen 氧oxygen bridge 氧桥oxygen carrying protein 氧载蛋白oxygen deficiency 缺氧oxygen demand 需氧量oxygen deprivation 去氧oxygen dissociation curve 氧离解曲线oxygen evolution system 氧发生系oxygen injury 氧损伤oxygen requirement 需氧量oxygen saturation 氧饱和oxygen uptake 耗氧量oxygenase 加氧酶oxygenation 加氧酌oxyhaemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白oxylophyte 适酸性植物oxyproline 羟脯氨酸oxysome 氧化体oxytocic hormone 垂体后叶催产素oxytocin 垂体后叶催产素oxytropism 向氧性oyster shells 牡蛎壳ozone 臭氧ozonide 嗅氧化物ozonium 菌丝束ozonosphere 臭氧层。

专利名称：一种含螺吲哚-2-酮衍生物及其制备方法和作为抗癌药物的应用
专利类型：发明专利
发明人：谢文林,张慧霖,余秋艳,吴乙强,梅期宏,骆春香
申请号：CN201610309985.5
申请日：20160511
公开号：CN105949221A
公开日：
20160921
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明提供一类如式（I）所示的新型的3‑取代‑7‑芳甲酰基螺[1,2,4‑三唑[3,4‑b][1,3,4]噻二嗪‑6,3’‑吲哚]‑2’‑酮衍生物，式（I）中，取代基R是H、C的烷基或芳基；R是H、F、Cl、Br、C 的烷基、烷氧基、羟基、腈基、羧基或磺酸基。

本发明的3‑取代‑7‑芳甲酰基螺[1,2,4‑三唑[3,4‑b] [1,3,4]噻二嗪‑6,3’‑吲哚]‑2’‑酮衍生物对肿瘤细胞具有一定的抑制活性，并且其合成方法简单，材料易得。

可用于制作抗肿瘤药物。

申请人：湖南科技大学
地址：411201 湖南省湘潭市雨湖区石码头2号
国籍：CN
代理机构：张家界市慧诚商标专利事务所
代理人：高红旺
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口腔科英语专业词汇翻译牵引钩hook铅毒性口炎lead stomatitis前导anterior guidance前弓anterior arch前弓区anterior arch area前磨牙premolars, bicuspid teeth ; 又称“双尖牙”。

X线头影测量机cephalometric X-ray machineX线头影测量片cephalometric roentgenogram[成釉器]星网状层stellate reticulum, enamel pulp; 又称“釉髓”。

[成釉器]中间层stratum intermedium[家族性]巨颌症cherubism[牙]根管root canal[牙]根尖孔apical foramen[牙]龈瘤epulis咬合occlusion; 下颌静止位时，上下牙的接触关系。

咬合叉bite fork, face-bow fork咬合叉固定夹bite fork clamp咬合垂直距离occlusal vertical dimension咬合堤occlusal rim咬合垫occlusal pad咬合干扰occlusal interference咬合夹板occlusal splint咬合架articulator咬合间记录interocclusal record咬合力occlusal force, biting force咬合力计occlusometer咬合面occlusal surface咬合面窝occlusal fossa咬合磨损occlusal wear咬合平衡occlusal equilibration咬合平面occlusal plane咬合平面导板occlusal guide plate咬合平面规occlusal plane guide咬合托bite plate咬合紊乱occlusion disorder咬合型occlusal pattern咬合学occlusion咬合翼片bite wing film咬合缘occlusal margin咬合支托occlusal rest咬合重建occlusal reconstruction咬合片occlusal filmⅠ类错咬合class ⅠmalocclusionⅠ型卡环type Ⅰclasp, pull type clasp, Aker clasp; 又称“拉型卡环”、“阿克卡环”。

专利名称：一种含酮咯酸氨丁三醇的鼻腔给药温度敏感性原位凝胶缓释制剂
专利类型：发明专利
发明人：刘瑜,黄志刚,李晨曦,魏刚,陆伟跃
申请号：CN201510357147.0
申请日：20150624
公开号：CN106309354A
公开日：
20170111
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明属于药物制剂领域，涉及一种含有酮咯酸氨丁三醇鼻腔给药的温度敏感性原位凝胶缓释制剂及其制备方法；所述制剂由泊洛沙姆、卡拉胶和治疗有效量的酮咯酸氨丁三醇组成；该制剂综合了泊洛沙姆的反相胶凝性质和卡拉胶能够明显改善温敏凝胶溶蚀的性质，改善了泊洛沙姆凝胶在鼻腔内的滞留效果，促进酮咯酸氨丁三醇的吸收。

本发明所述制剂具有提高酮咯酸氨丁三醇经鼻腔吸收的生物利用度、提高患者顺应性的优点。

申请人：复旦大学
地址：200433 上海市杨浦区邯郸路220号
国籍：CN
代理机构：上海元一成知识产权代理事务所(普通合伙)
代理人：吴桂琴
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