mid term course work for data mining
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数据挖掘导论英文版Data Mining IntroductionData mining is the process of extracting valuable insights and patterns from large datasets. It involves the application of various techniques and algorithms to uncover hidden relationships, trends, and anomalies that can be used to inform decision-making and drive business success. In today's data-driven world, the ability to effectively harness the power of data has become a critical competitive advantage for organizations across a wide range of industries.One of the key strengths of data mining is its versatility. It can be applied to a wide range of domains, from marketing and finance to healthcare and scientific research. In the marketing realm, for example, data mining can be used to analyze customer behavior, identify target segments, and develop personalized marketing strategies. In the financial sector, data mining can be leveraged to detect fraud, assess credit risk, and optimize investment portfolios.At the heart of data mining lies a diverse set of techniques and algorithms. These include supervised learning methods, such asregression and classification, which can be used to predict outcomes based on known patterns in the data. Unsupervised learning techniques, such as clustering and association rule mining, can be employed to uncover hidden structures and relationships within datasets. Additionally, advanced algorithms like neural networks and decision trees have proven to be highly effective in tackling complex, non-linear problems.The process of data mining typically involves several key steps, each of which plays a crucial role in extracting meaningful insights from the data. The first step is data preparation, which involves cleaning, transforming, and integrating the raw data into a format that can be effectively analyzed. This step is particularly important, as the quality and accuracy of the input data can significantly impact the reliability of the final results.Once the data is prepared, the next step is to select the appropriate data mining techniques and algorithms to apply. This requires a deep understanding of the problem at hand, as well as the strengths and limitations of the available tools. Depending on the specific goals of the analysis, the data mining practitioner may choose to employ a combination of techniques, each of which can provide unique insights and perspectives.The next phase is the actual data mining process, where the selectedalgorithms are applied to the prepared data. This can involve complex mathematical and statistical calculations, as well as the use of specialized software and computing resources. The results of this process may include the identification of patterns, trends, and relationships within the data, as well as the development of predictive models and other data-driven insights.Once the data mining process is complete, the final step is to interpret and communicate the findings. This involves translating the technical results into actionable insights that can be easily understood by stakeholders, such as business leaders, policymakers, or scientific researchers. Effective communication of data mining results is crucial, as it enables decision-makers to make informed choices and take appropriate actions based on the insights gained.One of the most exciting aspects of data mining is its continuous evolution and the emergence of new techniques and technologies. As the volume and complexity of data continue to grow, the need for more sophisticated and powerful data mining tools and algorithms has become increasingly pressing. Advances in areas such as machine learning, deep learning, and big data processing have opened up new frontiers in data mining, enabling practitioners to tackle increasingly complex problems and extract even more valuable insights from the data.In conclusion, data mining is a powerful and versatile tool that has the potential to transform the way we approach a wide range of challenges and opportunities. By leveraging the power of data and the latest analytical techniques, organizations can gain a deeper understanding of their operations, customers, and markets, and make more informed, data-driven decisions that drive sustainable growth and success. As the field of data mining continues to evolve, it is clear that it will play an increasingly crucial role in shaping the future of business, science, and society as a whole.。
初中英语作文《描述一次重要的考试》Title: An Important ExaminationLast week, I encountered an important examination that could potentially shape my academic future.It was the mid-term exam for our Mathematics course, and it was undoubtedly a crucial milestone in my learning journey.To prepare for this exam, I dedicated countless hours to studying and reviewing the course materials.I revised important concepts, solved numerous practice questions, and participated actively in study groups.Although I felt well-prepared, the thought of the exam still filled me with a mix of excitement and anxiety.The day of the exam arrived, and I woke up early with a focused mindset.I arrived at the exam hall early to find my seat and take a deep breath to calm my nerves.The exam began, and I endeavored to maintain a steady pace throughout the paper.I carefully answered each question, ensuring that my solutions were both accurate and neatly presented.As the examination progressed, I encountered a particularly challenging problem that I had not encountered during my revision.I initially felt frustrated, but I reminded myself to stay calm and composed.I took a moment to analyze the problem from different angles and eventually found a solution.This experience taught me the importance of remaining calm under pressure and the value of perseverance.Before I knew it, the exam was over, and I left the hall feeling a mix of relief and uncertainty.Despite my efforts, I couldn't help but wonder if I had performed well enough.A few days later, the results were announced.To my surprise and delight, I had achieved an A grade in the examination.This success was a testament to my hard work, dedication, and the support of my friends and family.This important examination not only tested my knowledge and understanding of the subject but also taught me valuable life lessons about preparation, resilience, and staying calm under pressure.It was a significant event in my academic journey, and I am confident that it will serve as a foundation for future success.。
英语试卷(答案在最后)注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。
2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
在试题卷上作答无效。
3.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
满分150分,考试用时120分钟。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)注意,听力部分答题时,请先将答案标在试卷上。
听力部分结束前,你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】When did the man check in?A.On Oct.3rd.B.On Oct.5th.C.On Oct.7th.2.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Doctor and patient.B.Husband and wife.C.Salesman and customer.3.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.Making living plans.B.Taking breaks on weekends.C.Eating at home or eating out.4.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】How does the man feel?A.Thrilled.B.Upset.C.Bored.5.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】Where did the woman learn French?A.In France.B.In China.C.In Canada.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
国际金融英文版教学设计1. IntroductionInternational Finance is an important course for business and economics students who are interested in understanding the global financial system. This course will introduce students to the international monetary system, exchange rates, international finance and investment.This document outlines a teaching plan for the International Finance course in English.2. Course ObjectivesThe objectives of the International Finance course are to:•Introduce students to the concept and theories of international finance.•Develop an understanding of how exchange rates work and how they affect the global financial system.•Familiarize students with risk assessment, management, and hedging strategies in international finance.•Analyze the impact of fiscal and monetary policy in the global financial system.•Understand the role of international institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in global finance.3. Course OutlineWeek 1: Introduction to International Finance•Definition and scope of International Finance.•International monetary system.•The advantages and disadvantages of international finance. Week 2: Foreign Exchange Markets•The balance of payments.•Exchange rate determination.•Exchange rate regimes.Week 3: Foreign Exchange Exposure and Transaction Exposure •Types of foreign exchange exposure.•Measuring transaction exposure.•Hedging transaction exposure.Week 4: Translation Exposure and Economic Exposure•Measuring translation exposure.•Types of economic exposure.•Hedging economic exposure.Week 5: International Financing Strategy•Types of international financing strategy.•Factors affecting the choice of international financing strategy.Week 6: International Investment Strategy•Types of international investment strategy.•Factors affecting the choice of international investment strategy.Week 7: International Financial Management and Control•Financial management in an international environment.•Control mechanisms for international financial management.Week 8: International Monetary System•The function of the International Monetary System.•International exchange rate regimes and their evolution.Week 9: International Monetary and Fiscal Policy•The role of monetary and fiscal policy in international finance.•The impact of government policies on exchange rates.Week 10: International Institutions and Global Financial System •The role of international institutions like the IMF and the World Bank in global finance.•The relationship between international institutions and the global financial system.4. Teaching MethodologyThe teaching methodology for the International Finance course will be a combination of lectures, case studies, and class discussions. The lectures will provide an overview of the course content, while the case studies will allow students to apply their knowledge to real-world problems.Class discussions will encourage a deeper understanding of thetopics covered and will help students to develop their critical thinking skills.5. Assessment MethodsThe assessment methods for the International Finance course will include:•Assignments and quizzes•Mid-term exam•Final examThese assessments will evaluate students’ understanding of the course content and their ability to apply theory to practical situations.6. ConclusionThe International Finance course is an important course for business and economics students who want to understand the global financial system. The teaching plan outlined in this document will providestudents with a comprehensive understanding of the theory and practiceof international finance.。
《英语周报》大学英语四级听力模拟试题(十四)《英语周报大学综合版》大学英语四级考试模拟试题(十四) 听力部分在线收听:English Weekly CET-4 Listening Practice Test ⅩⅣPart III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11. W: Look at the monkeys and zebras around therocks.M: Yes, their environment seems to suit them very well. Let’s go over and see the bears now.Q: Where are the man and woman?12. W: I promised my sister I would attend the show if I didn’t have work due the next day.M: Why not take me along?Q: Why will the woman go to the show?13. M. I’d like to go sailing, but sometimes I get scared on the water. How long would we be out?W: Not too long. And besides, we’ll be close to the shore the whole time.Q: What is the man afraid of?14. W: It’s nearly ten o’clock. Let’s listen to the weather forecast.M: Here’s the weather forecast. Fog is spreading from the east and will affect all areas by midnight. It’ll be heavy in certain places.Q: What is the weather forecast?15. M: This cake’s delicious! Did you make it yourself?W: You must be kidding! My sister got it from the bakery.Q: What does the woman mean?16. W: I’m worried about those classes I missed whenI was sick.M: I’ll try to bring you up to date on what we’ve done.Q: What does the man mean?17. W: Roger, your voice teacher called to ask why you were not at practice for your concert program.M: I was there but I was standing with a large group and he didn’t see me.Q: Why did the teacher not see Roger at the practice?18. M: The telegram just came from Mary. She will arrive at 2 o’clock.W: Oh, good. She can rest a few hours before the concert.Q: What can Mary do before the concert?Now you’ll hear two long conversations.Conversation OneW: Could you tell me how big a class is?M: In this department, a class could be as small as 5 students or as large as over 200. The largest classes are lecture classes, usually in introductory courses at the undergraduate level. The normal size of a class is 20 to 40 students who meet 3times a week for about one hour or twice a week for about one hour and a half.W: In what forms are classes given?M: Generally speaking, classes are given in three formats---lectures, seminars and laboratory work. Lecture courses usually include two lecture sessions and one discussion group per week. Lectures are given by professors who will talk on specific topic for one class period. Students have little chance to ask questions. Discussions are conducted by postgraduates and provide the opportunity for questions about the lecture topics.W: How about seminars?M: Seminars involve a small group of students and place more responsibility on them. The professor leading a seminar may assign projects, post questions, make suggestions or describe specific cases that demand a solution. Students are free to exchange their ideas. The seminar challenges students’reasoning and organizing abilities.W: And laboratory work?M: Laboratory work gives students opportunities to develop their skills with the use of certain tools or sophisticated lab equipment and to improve their labtechniques.W: They all sound interesting to me. Do you know how we’re assessed?M: Some professors give quizzes or short examinations during the course to test on a particular aspect of the subject. Other course examinations are mid-term exams and final exams, which include multiple-choice questions, short answer questions and essay questions. Research papers are another form of examination. Have I made myself clear to you?W: Yes. I understand now. Thank you. Dr. Wilson.M: You’re welcome.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. Which of the following is true of a big class?20. What can be learnt from this dialogue about the course formats?21. Which of the following is true about the professors’evaluation of students’work?Conversation TwoM: Oh, hi, Maria, long time no see! How have you been?W: Oh, not bad. And you?M: Oh. I’m doing okay, but school has been really hard these days, and I haven’t had time to relax.W: By the way, what’s your major anyway?M: Hotel management.W: Well, what do you want to do after you graduate?M: Uh... I haven’t decided for sure, but I think I’d like to work for a hotel or travel agency in this area. How about you?W: Well, when I first started college, I wanted to major in French, but I realized I might have a hard time finding a job using the language, so I changed to computer science. With the right skills, landing a job in the computer industry shouldn’t be as difficult.M: So do you have a part-time job to support yourself through school?W: Well, fortunately for me, I received a four-year academic scholarship that pays for all of my tuition and books.M: Wow, that’s great.W: Yeah. How about you? Are you working your way through school?M: Yeah. I work three times a week all at a restaurant near campus.W: Oh. What do you do there?M: I’m a cook.W: How do you like your job?M: It’s okay. The other workers are friendly, and the pay isn’t bad.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What does the man want to do after he graduates?23. Why did the woman change her major?24. How does the woman pay for college?25. What can be learnt about the man’s part-time job?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneIn phone booths in the U. S., there are usually directions for using the telephone. All phone numbers haveseven digits, though letters and numbers are sometimes used in combination. There may be phonebooks or directories under the telephone.There are two main kinds of long distance calls:dial-direct and operator-assisted. You can make dial direct calls in most parts of the U.S. Look in the white page directory for long distance rates or more information on making long distance calls. Or you can call the operator for help. If you need a phone number that is not in your phone book, call Directory Assistance.To make a long distance call, you’ll need to know the three-digit area code. Dial 1 plus the area code plus the number, and an operator or a computer voice will tell you how much money to deposit. On operator assisted calls, the operator will ask you to deposit more money before your time is up. On dial-direct calls you’ll be cut off at the end of the time you paid for unless you put more money in the slot.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What do all telephone numbers have?27. What should you do to make a long distance call?28. What can you find in the white pages of atelephone book?Passage TwoMost people think that the older you get, the harder it is to learn a new language. That is why they believe that children learn more easily than adults. Thus, at some point in our lives, maybe around age twelve or thirteen we lose the ability to learn language well. Is it true that children learn a foreign language more easily than adults? One report, on 2,000 Danish children studying Swedish, showed that the teenagers learned more, in less time, than the younger children. Another report, on Americans learning Russian, showed that the ability to learn a language increases as the age increases from childhood to adulthood. There are several possible explanations for these results. For one thing, adults know more about the world and therefore are able to understand meanings more easily than children. Moreover, adults can use logical thinking to help themselves in learning a new language. Finally adults have more self-control than children.Therefore, it seems that the common belief that children are better learners than adults may not be true.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. According to this talk, what’s the common belief about learning a new language?30. Name the two reports mentioned in the talk.31. What qualities do adults have that make learning a new language easier for them?Passage ThreeToday I would like to continue our discussion of American diplomatic history of the 18th century by talking about the pioneer named William Johnson. Sir William Johnson helped to establish friendly relations between the British colonists and the Iroquois nation during the middle of the 18th century. Johnson came to New York State from England in 1737 and soon became a large land-holder. He got along well with the Iroquois. Some of them lived on his land and it became a center of trade. Johnson sought land and furs, but was generous to his neighbors. With his skill of a diplomat Johnson often spent time negotiating among the various Indian groups. Largely because of his work the Iroquois aided the British in their struggles against the French in 1756. Later, however, there was a disagreement with the Iroquois. Johnson, who had been an official in the colonial government, was called in to negotiate a treaty regarding land boundary between theIroquois and the English and French settlers in the area. Since Johnson died in 1774 he did not have to face the turmoil of the American Revolution.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. What is the main topic of the lecture?33. Where was Johnson born?34. What was the treaty with the Iroquois about?35. When did Johnson die?Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered form 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In November 1965, New York was blacked out by anelectricity failure. The (36) authorities promised that it would not happen again. Pessimists were certain that it would occur again within five years at the latest. In July 1977, there was a repeat performance which (37) produced varying degrees of chaos throughout the city of eight million people. In 1965, the failure occurred in the cool autumn and at a time of (38) comparative prosperity. In 1977, the disaster was much more serious because it came when unemployment was high and the city was suffering from one of its worst heat waves.In 1965, there was little crime or looting during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were (39) arrested. In 1977, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted. Looters (40) smashed shop windows and helped themselves to (41) jewelry, clothes or television sets. Nearly 4,000 people were arrested but far more (42) disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policemen available was quite (43) inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs (44) which far outnumbered them and included armed men.Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows. Banks and most businesses remained closed the next day. (45) The blackout started at 9:30 p. m.,when lightning hit and knocked out vital cables. Many stores were thus caught by surprise.The vast majority of New Yorkers, however, were not involved in looting. (46) They helped strangers, distributed candles and batteries, and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights, refrigerators, elevators, water and electrical power. For twenty-four hours, New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.【《。
Data MiningCourse code:82133001Course name:Data miningCredits:3 term:10students:Undergraduates major in Statisticscourse requirement :Probability,Mathematical StatisticsCourse director:Xu huanying,assistant,MasterCourse Description:《Data mining》is a professional elective course for the students in Statistics which mainly studies the basic concepts , methods , techniques and applications of data mining . It includes data preprocessing , the concept of summarization , the way for the number of decision-making , the prediction method of regression , and obtaining the Internet information by using the data mining methods , mining the Internet knowledge , and the data mining applications in network security . The purpose of this course is to enable students to master the methods and technologies of data mining and to know the applications of data mining in Internet information and intelligent information .Practical activity:No need.course assessmentFinal term grade =regular grade *30%+ Final exam grade*70%;regular grade is determined by Attendance situation and performance of homework ;Final exam will be conducted in the form of Closed book。
1、Bilingual 双语Chinese English bilingual text 中英对照2、Data warehouse and Data Mining 数据仓库与数据挖掘3、classification 分类systematize classification 使分类系统化4、preprocess 预处理The theory and algorithms of automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) preprocess are systematically illustrated.摘要系统阐述了自动指纹识别系统预处理的理论、算法5、angle 角度6、organizations 组织central organizations 中央机关7、OLTP On-Line Transactional Processing 在线事物处理8、OLAP On-Line Analytical Processing 在线分析处理9、Incorporated 包含、包括、组成公司A corporation is an incorporated body 公司是一种组建的实体10、unique 唯一的、独特的unique technique 独特的手法11、Capabilities 功能Evaluate the capabilities of suppliers 评估供应商的能力12、features 特征13、complex 复杂的14、information consistency 信息整合15、incompatible 不兼容的16、inconsistent 不一致的Those two are temperamentally incompatible 他们两人脾气不对17、utility 利用marginal utility 边际效用18、Internal integration 内部整合19、summarizes 总结20、application-oritend 应用对象21、subject-oritend 面向主题的22、time-varient 随时间变化的23、tomb data 历史数据24、seldom 极少Advice is seldom welcome 忠言多逆耳25、previous 先前的the previous quarter 上一季26、implicit 含蓄implicit criticism 含蓄的批评27、data dredging 数据捕捞28、credit risk 信用风险29、Inventory forecasting 库存预测30、business intelligence(BI)商业智能31、cell 单元32、Data cure 数据立方体33、attribute 属性34、granular 粒状35、metadata 元数据36、independent 独立的37、prototype 原型38、overall 总体39、mature 成熟40、combination 组合41、feedback 反馈42、approach 态度43、scope 范围44、specific 特定的45、data mart 数据集市46、dependent 从属的47、motivate 刺激、激励Motivate and withstand higher working pressure个性积极,愿意承受压力.敢于克服困难48、extensive 广泛49、transaction 交易50、suit 诉讼suit pending 案件正在审理中51、isolate 孤立We decided to isolate the patients.我们决定隔离病人52、consolidation 合并So our Party really does need consolidation 所以,我们党确实存在一个整顿的问题53、throughput 吞吐量Design of a Web Site Throughput Analysis SystemWeb网站流量分析系统设计收藏指正54、Knowledge Discovery(KDD)55、non-trivial(有价值的)--Extraction interesting (non-trivial(有价值的), implicit(固有的), previously unknown and potentially useful) patterns or knowledge from huge amounts of data.56、archeology 考古57、alternative 替代58、Statistics 统计、统计学population statistics 人口统计59、feature 特点A facial feature 面貌特征60、concise 简洁a remarkable concise report 一份非常简洁扼要的报告61、issue 发行issue price 发行价格62、heterogeneous (异类的)--Constructed by integrating multiple, heterogeneous (异类的)data sources63、multiple 多种Multiple attachments多实习64、consistent(一贯)、encode(编码)ensure consistency in naming conventions,encoding structures, attribute measures, etc.确保一致性在命名约定,编码结构,属性措施,等等。
Financial Management Basics 8th Edition TeachingDesignIntroductionFinancial management is one of the most crucial aspects of running a business. It involves the management of the organization’s financial resources, such as cash, investments, and accounts receivable/payable. Financial management is therefore an essential course to study for anyone interested in a career in business. This document presents a teaching design for the Financial Management Basics 8th Edition course.Course OverviewThe Financial Management Basics 8th Edition course is designed to provide students with a foundation in financial management principles and practices. In this course, students will learn about topics such as financial statement analysis, time value of money, capital budgeting, and risk management. The course is divided into the following modules:1.Introduction to Financial Management2.Financial Statement Analysis3.Time Value of Money4.Risk and Return5.Capital Budgeting6.Sources of Financing7.Working Capital Management8.International Financial ManagementCourse ObjectivesBy the end of this course, students should:1.Understand the basic principles and practices of financialmanagement.2.Be able to analyze financial statements to determine thefinancial health of a company.3.Be able to apply time value of money techniques to evaluateinvestment opportunities.4.Understand the relationship between risk and return and howit affects financial decision making.5.Be able to apply capital budgeting techniques to evaluatelong-term investment projects.6.Understand the different sources of financing avlable to acompany.7.Be able to manage working capital effectively.8.Have a basic understanding of international financialmanagement.Teaching StrategiesThe following teaching strategies will be employed in this course: LecturesLectures will be used to present course content to students. Instructors will use a variety of teaching ds such as PowerPoint presentations, videos, and handouts to facilitate learning.Case StudiesCase studies will be used to apply financial management principles to real-world scenarios. Students will be expected to analyze the case studies and make recommendations for financial decision making.Group ProjectsGroup projects will be used to enhance students’ colla boration and communication skills. Students will be expected to work in groups to analyze financial statements, develop financial models, and present their findings to the class.ExamsExams will be used to assess students’ understanding of financial management principles. Exams will be divided into multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay questions.Teaching MaterialsThe following teaching materials will be used in this course:1.Financial Management Basics 8th Edition textbook2.PowerPoint presentations3.Case studies4.Financial models5.Online resourcesAssessmentAssessment will be divided into the following components:1.Class participation – 10%2.Case study analysis – 30%3.Group project and presentation – 30%4.Mid-term exam – 15%5.Final exam – 15%ConclusionThe Financial Management Basics 8th Edition course is an essential course for students interested in pursuing a career in business. Through lectures, case studies, group projects, and exams, students will develop a solid understanding of financial management principles and practices. By the end of the course, students should be able to make informed financial decisions and develop financial plans to ensure the long-term success of a business.。
开放大学教务管理系统业务流程图(英文版)0开放大学教务管理系统业务流程图(英文版)2.Course PlanCourse Plan Business Process SRARTBJOU teacher registers a course, and become the course director after the success of the registration.Course manager/Course proposer writes the review version of course plan/project plan, and then submits it to be audited by course directorCourse director assigns the proposerCourse proposer writes couese plan and submits the auditCourse director writes couese plan and submits the auditCourse director/proposer edits couese plan and resubmitsCourse Manager authorizes the declaration Course team head authorizes the declaration Department head audits the declaration Pass the auditNOYESAcademic Committee audits the declaration NONOPass the AuditSpecify the course number after pass the auditQA Commission audits the declarationYES Pass the audit YESAcademic committee head authorizes the declarationQA Head authorizes the declaration In the course management module page,course team maintes the course information and adds other attribute information.1.QA Commission head’s information is the system default setting2.Academic Committee head’s information is the system default setting3.Academic Committee’s information is the system default setting4.QA Commission’s information is the system default settingEND3.Learning Materials ManagementSTARTCourse director maintains basic uments and submits the auditCourse director is in charge of the mid-term e_amnation Course director uploads the acceptance report and submits it to the learning materials reviewerLearning materials reviewer in charge of the acceptance inspectionCourse director maintains learning resources and submits the auditLearning materials reviewer audits the basic umentsLearning materialsreviewer audits the learning resourcesCourse director maintains design uments and submits the auditLearning materials reviewer audits the design umentsCourse director maintains course demo and submits the auditCourse director uploads the annual assessment uments and submits it to the learning materials reviewerLearning materials reviewer audits the course demoLearning materials reviewer is in charge of the annual assessmentCourse director writes the applying for revising the course and submits it to the learning materials reviewerLearning materials reviewer audits the applying for revising the course1.The Course needs to annual assessment again one year later since pass the last annual assessment.2.The Course which has passed the annual assessment can be used. Otherwise, it need to revise the uments which are not pass the annual assessment.3.The learning materials can be used through the audit.It needs to record the version number of the learning materials.The course director in this process refers to the teacher in charge of the course, and other authorized personnel.Course director revises the courseAccording to the content of the applying,course director can revises the relevant uments,and then proceeds as this process continuedlyEND4. Course PropagandaSubmit the overall outreach programReview the overall outreach programNOYESWork out the media outreach programWork out the media outreach programNOReview the Work out the lecture outreach programNOReview the Work out the email outreach programNOReview the Work out the SMS outreach programNOReview the media outreach programYESConcretize the media outreach programlecture outreach programYESConcretize the email outreach programYESConcretize the SMS outreach programYESConcretize the lecture outreach programemail outreach programSMS outreach programMaintain the media outreach programMaintain the lecture outreach programMaintain theemail outreach programMaintain the SMS outreach program5.Application for Admission, Registration Payment and Course Management STARTCourse MaintenanceCourse Showing OnlineStudent RegistOnlineApply For New CoursesReview New CoursesPublish Online CoursesStudent Login Online Student selects courses and selects the Learning CenterStudents Online Payment Review Student DataStudents view the course selection and payment Students RefundBusiness-related personnel views the data statisticsEND7.E_am ManagementSTARTE_amination management processBJOU Administrator LoginBJOUSetup E_am Parameters E_am Sites’Information Maintenance SetupE_am ChargeE_am Sites’StudentSetup the E_am Sites’ InformationSetup E_am ScheduleDistribute E_am InformationYesSelect enabled E_amEnabled the Reservation NoNoYesCheck the Reservation Information Of E_amination Room Student Make an reservation for the e_amYes1.According to the preferences, we can determine whether the students pay for the e_am .2.The system save information for 30 minutes for the students who have not payed .3.If the reservation date ended(also the management system allow user to print the admission card ), student can print the admission ticket.Payment status: not reserve、reserve _ not pay for the e_am、reserve _ payed for the e_am。
Part1:Codes# An open comparative study on high-frequency# and low-frequency financial data# 1 read in datapath =r'D:\我\大三下\数据挖掘\数据\vwap.tbt\vwap.tbt.20140121'f = open(path,'r')lst = list()with open(path,'r')as myfile:for line in myfile:a = f.readline()a2 = a.strip()a3 = a2.split(',')b0 = a3[0:1]b0.extend(a3[6:11])lst.append(tuple(b0))## build databaseimport sqlite3conn = sqlite3.connect('my_db1.db')c = conn.cursor()c.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS my_db1")c.execute('''CREATE TABLE my_db1 (SecuCode TEXT, SysTime TEXT, S1P REAL, S1V REAL,B1P REAL, B1V REAL)''')c.executemany("INSERT INTO my_db1 VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?)", lst)mit()conn.close()#find correspodent 300 stocks in hs300paths='D:/我/大三下/数据挖掘/数据/hs300-2/hs300/'import osstock_names = os.listdir(paths)stock_name=[]import refor i in range(300):stock_name.append(('').join(re.findall(r"\d+\.?\d*",stock_names[i])).rstrip ('.'))#join是把列表转换为字符串,re.findall是把字符串中数字取出来,rstrip是b把.去掉## query 300 stocksimport sqlite3conn = sqlite3.connect('my_db1.db')c = conn.cursor()dat=[]for i,val in enumerate(stock_name):import sqlite3conn = sqlite3.connect('my_db1.db')c = conn.cursor()lines = 0data= list()t =(val,)# query the information of stock 600000 and order by trading time # t = ('M000300',)for row in c.execute('SELECT * FROM my_db1 WHERE \SecuCode=? ORDER by SysTime', t):data.append(row)lines += 1conn.close()dat.append(data)# 2 T*300 matrix# we already have low-frequency data(code from previous class)path0 =r'D:\我\大三下\数据挖掘\数据\SZ399300.TXT'cname =['date','open','high','low','close','volumn','turnover']index_data = pd.read_table(path0,header = None,\encoding ='cp936')index_data.columns = cnameindex_data.head()index_data.tail()index_data.index = index_data['date']df_index = index_data[:-1]path2=r'D:\我\大三下\数据挖掘\数据\hs300-2\hs300\'names = os.listdir(path2)len_T = len(df_index)price_matx2 = np.zeros((len_T,300))for j, name in enumerate(names):stock_path = paths + namesdata = pd.read_table(stock_path,header = None,\encoding ='cp936')sdata.columns = cnamesdata.index = sdata['date']df_stock = sdata[:-1]#print(len(df_stock))df_stock2 = df_stock.reindex(df_index.index,\method ='ffill')df_stock3 = df_stock2.fillna(method ='bfill')price_matx2[:,j]= df_stock3['close']price_matx2=price_matx2[:,id]# use t10 of hs300 as index, and use reindex function to obtain high_freqency price matrix# step 1: find the sys time of index# use pandas dataframe# transform sys time from string to time## Pandas processingimport numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt#取出频率最高的股票作为基准股票l=np.zeros(300)for i in range(300):length=len(dat[i])l[i]=lengthl.argsort()[-1]#取出300支股票名称、时间和卖价t0=[]zb=[]stock=[]for i in range(300):l1=len(dat[i])zb1 =[]t1 =[]name=[]for j in range(l1):name.append(stock_name[i])zb1.append(dat[i][j][4])t1.append(dat[i][j][1])t0.append(t1)zb.append(zb1)stock.append(name)#将时间转化为标准型from datetime import datetime as dtfrom pandas import DataFrameimport pandas as pdimport numpy as npt = np.dtype([('datetime','O8'),('close','f8')])tnew=[]for i in range(300):t00=[]for j in range (len(dat[i])):t00.append(dt.strptime(t0[i][j],'%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S.%f'))tnew.append(t00)#整理股票名称、时间和价格为矩阵形式stocknames=np.asarray(stock[0]).reshape(len(stock[0]),1)time=np.asarray(tnew[0]).reshape(len(tnew[0]),1)price=np.asarray(zb[0]).reshape(len(zb[0]),1)for val in(np.arange(1,300,1)):stocknames=np.vstack((stocknames,np.asarray(stock[val]).reshape(len(stock[val]) ,1)))time=np.vstack((time,np.asarray(tnew[val]).reshape(len(tnew[val]),1)))price=np.vstack((price,np.asarray(zb[val]).reshape(len(zb[val]),1)))#基准股票第292支股票(dataframe)n=np.sum(len(stock[i])for i in range(291))upp=n+len(stock[291])stock291=pd.DataFrame(np.hstack((stocknames[n:upp,],time[n:upp,],price[n:upp,]) ))stock291.columns =['stock','time','price']stock291.index = stock291['time']#按基准股票时间填充时间len_T = len(stock291)price_matx1 = np.zeros((len_T,300))for i in range(300):n=np.sum(len(stock[j])for j in range(i))upp=n+len(stock[i])sdata=pd.DataFrame(np.hstack((stocknames[n:upp,],time[n:upp,],price[n:upp,]))) sdata.columns =['stock','time','price']sdata.index = sdata['time']#print(len(df_stock))df_stock = sdata.reindex(stock291.index,\method ='ffill')df_stock2 = df_stock.fillna(method ='bfill')price_matx1[:,i]= df_stock2['price']#发现高频价格矩阵中有nan,取出高频股票数据与低频股票数据相交的部分id=[]for i,val in enumerate (price_matx1[0,]):if(not np.isnan(val)):id.append(i)price_matx1=price_matx1[:,id]# 3 open comparative study#高低频数据聚类分析def ourkmean(X,K,tol,max_iter):# mu is a p*K matrixn,p = X.shape #n个样本点,p维id=np.random.random_integers(0,n-1,size=(K,))mu=X[id,:].T #随机选取K个初始凝聚点iter = 0diff = 100dist = np.zeros((n,K))VAL_prev = 0while iter< max_iter and abs(diff)>tol:for j in range(K):dist[:,j]= np.sum((X-mu[:,j])**2,axis = 1) idx = np.argsort(dist,axis=1)[:,0]VAL = 0for j in range(K):mu[:,j]= np.mean(X[idx==j,:],axis = 0)VAL = VAL + np.sum((X[idx==j,:]-mu[:,j])**2) diff = VAL - VAL_prevVAL_prev = VALiter = iter + 1print([iter,VAL])return idxidx1=ourkmean(price_matx1.T,4,tol=0.1,max_iter=100)idx2=ourkmean(price_matx2.T,3,tol=0.1,max_iter=100) sum(idx1==idx2)#高频数据聚类plt.figure()plt.hold(1)plt.plot(price_matx1[:,idx1==0],'ro')plt.plot(price_matx1[:,idx1==1],'bo')plt.plot(price_matx1[:,idx1==2],'ko')#低频数据聚类plt.figure()plt.hold(1)plt.plot(price_matx2[:,idx2==0],'ro')plt.plot(price_matx2[:,idx2==1],'bo')plt.plot(price_matx2[:,idx2==2],'ko')#pca(效果不好)#找出价格矩阵中为0的元素并删去那行(会影响算return)for i in range(4601):for j in range(290):if(price_matx1[i,j]==0):print(i,j)#pcaret_matx1 =((price_matx1[1:,:]-\price_matx1[:-1,:])/price_matx1[:-1,:])ret_matx2=((price_matx2[1:,:]-\price_matx2[:-1,:])/price_matx2[:-1,:])import numpy.linalg as laSigma1=np.cov(ret_matx1.T)Sigma2=np.cov(ret_matx2.T)w1,v1=la.eig(Sigma1)w2,v2=la.eig(Sigma2)#高频plt.plot(v1[:,0:1])plt.plot(v1[:,1:2])plt.plot(v1[:,2:3])#低频plt.plot(v2[:,0:1])plt.plot(v2[:,1:2])plt.plot(v2[:,2:3])Part2: Results and analysis由于visual studio 中无法读取cp936格式,以下结果都是在Spider中输出的1.高低频数据聚类分析将290支股票聚为3类>>>idx1 #表示最后高频数据聚的组类>>>array([0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1,2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1,0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2], dtype=int32)>>>idx2 #表示低频数据聚的组类>>>array([0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2,0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0], dtype=int32)>>>sum(idx1==idx2) #表示聚类结果的相似性>>>211高频数据图:低频数据图:所以,三个类区分得比较明显。