开题报告及外文翻译模板

开题报告范文英语翻译In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the impact of climate change on the environment. As global temperatures rise, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves have increased. These changes pose a significant threat to the world’s ecosystems, biodiversity, and human livelihoods.One of the major consequences of climate change is the disruption of ecosystems. Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns have caused shifts in plant and animal habitats, leading to the decline in certain species and the proliferation of others. For example, rising sea levels have resulted in the loss of coastal habitats and the destruction of coral reefs, which are vital breeding grounds for many marine species. This loss of biodiversity not only impacts ecosystems, but also affects human societies that depend on these ecosystems for food and resources.Another alarming consequence of climate change is the increased occurrence of extreme weather events. Hurricanes, floods, and droughts have become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world. These events not only cause immediate destruction and loss of lives, but also have long-term social and economic impacts. For instance, the destruction of infrastructure and agricultural lands due to floods can lead to food shortages and economic instability. Similarly, prolonged droughts can cause water scarcity and trigger conflicts over limited resources.Furthermore, climate change is also affecting human health. Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns create favorableconditions for the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. Heatwaves and extreme temperatures also pose a risk to vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions. Moreover, the displacement of communities due to climate-related events can lead to food insecurity, malnutrition, and mental health issues.In conclusion, climate change has far-reaching and detrimental effects on the environment and human societies. The disruption of ecosystems, the increase in extreme weather events, and the impact on human health are just a few examples of the consequences we are already witnessing. Urgent action is needed to mitigate and adapt to climate change, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, transitioning to renewable energy sources, and implementing measures to protect vulnerable communities. Only through concerted global efforts can we hope to minimize the impacts of climate change and ensure a sustainable and resilient future for all.。

开题报告英文附录范文Appendix1. Survey QuestionnaireDear respondent,Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire. The purpose of this survey is to gather information about consumers' preferences and behaviors regarding online shopping. Your responses will be anonymous and will only be used for research purposes.Please check the box that best applies to you or provide your own response where necessary.1. Gender:- Male- Female- Prefer not to say2. Age:- Under 18- 18-25- 26-35- 36-45- 46-55- 56 and above3. How often do you shop online?- Daily- Weekly- Monthly- Once in a while- Never4. What is your main reason for shopping online?- Convenience- Better prices- Wider selection- Avoiding crowds- Other (please specify)5. Which factors are most important to you when selecting an online store? (Rank from most important to least important) - Price- Product quality- Customer reviews- Delivery options- Return policy- Website design and usability- Other (please specify)6. Have you ever experienced any issues or problems when shopping online? (Select all that apply)- Late delivery- Damaged or defective products- Poor customer service- Difficulty making returns- Security concerns (e.g., credit card information)- Other (please specify)- None7. How likely are you to recommend online shopping to others? - Very likely- Likely- Neutral- Unlikely- Very unlikely8. In your opinion, what could online stores do to improve the shopping experience?Thank you for participating in this survey. Your feedback is greatly appreciated.。

开题报告英文格式Title: Opening Report: A Comprehensive Guide to Writing an Effective Research ProposalIntroduction:In the realm of academic research, a well-crafted opening report, commonly known as a research proposal, serves as a crucial first step towards undertaking a successful study. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on how to write an effective research proposal in English, ensuring that researchers can present their ideas and methodologies clearly and convincingly.1. Background and Significance:The opening section of a research proposal should establish the background of the study and highlight its significance. It is essential to clearly articulate the problem or research question, explaining why it is worth investigating. By providing a concise literature review, the researcher can demonstrate their understanding of the existing knowledge and identify any gaps that their study aims to fill.2. Objectives and Research Questions:In this section, the researcher should outline the specific objectives they aim to achieve through their study. These objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). Furthermore, the research questions should be formulated in a way that allows for a systematic investigation and analysis of the chosen topic.3. Methodology:The methodology section details the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques that will be employed in the study. It is crucial to provide a clear rationale for the chosen methodology and justify its appropriateness in addressing the research questions. Additionally, ethical considerations and potential limitations should be addressed to ensure the validity and reliability of the study.4. Expected Outcomes and Implications:In this section, the researcher should outline the expected outcomes of the study and discuss their potential implications. It is important to demonstrate how the findings will contribute to the existing body of knowledge and how they can be applied in practical contexts. Clear and concise statements regarding the significance and potential impact of the research are essential in this section.5. Timeline and Budget:A research proposal should include a timeline that outlines the various stages of the study, from data collection to analysis and report writing. This timeline should be realistic and consider any potential challenges or delays that may arise. Furthermore, a budget estimation should be provided, detailing the resources required for the successful completion of the study.6. Conclusion:The conclusion of the research proposal should summarize the main points discussed throughout the document. It should reiterate the significance of thestudy and highlight its potential contributions to the field. Additionally, any potential challenges or limitations should be acknowledged, and strategies for mitigating them should be proposed.Conclusion:Writing an effective research proposal requires careful planning, a clear understanding of the research objectives, and the ability to articulate the significance of the study. By following the structure outlined in this guide, researchers can ensure that their opening report is comprehensive, persuasive, and sets the stage for a successful research endeavor. Remember, a well-written research proposal not only enhances the chances of project approval but also lays the foundation for a rigorous and impactful study.。

开题报告英文版Title: Opening ReportIntroduction:The purpose of this opening report is to outline the key aspects and objectives of the project that will be undertaken. This report serves as a roadmap, providing a comprehensive overview of the project plan, its significance, and the expected outcomes. The project aims to address a specific problem or challenge and proposes a systematic approach to finding a solution.1. Background:This section provides the necessary context for the project, highlighting the factors that have led to its initiation. It explores the existing problem or situation that necessitates intervention and explains why it is crucial to address it. The background section also includes relevant statistics, research findings, or case studies that support the need for the project.2. Objectives:In this section, the specific objectives of the project are stated. These objectives should be measurable, achievable, and aligned with the overall goal of the project. Each objective should be clearly defined, outlining the desired outcome or impact it aims to achieve. The objectives should be specific, time-bound, and relevant to the problem at hand.3. Methodology:This section outlines the proposed methodology or approach that will beemployed to achieve the project objectives. It may involve a combination of research methods, data collection techniques, analysis procedures, and implementation strategies. The methodology should be logical, feasible, and aligned with the project's objectives. It should also consider any ethical considerations or limitations that may arise during the project's execution.4. Expected Outcomes:This section discusses the anticipated outcomes or deliverables of the project. It highlights the positive changes or improvements that are expected to result from the project's implementation. The expected outcomes should be realistic and directly linked to the project objectives. They may include tangible outputs such as reports, prototypes, or recommendations, as well as intangible outcomes such as increased awareness or behavior change.5. Project Timeline:The project timeline provides a visual representation of the project's key milestones, activities, and their respective durations. It helps to establish a clear timeframe for the project's completion and ensures that all tasks are properly sequenced. The timeline should take into account any dependencies or interdependencies between tasks and allocate sufficient time for potential delays or contingencies.6. Resources:This section outlines the resources required to execute the project successfully. It includes human resources, such as project team members and their roles, as wellas any external expertise or consultants that may be necessary. Additionally, it covers the financial resources needed, including budget estimates and potential sources of funding. The availability of physical resources, such as equipment or facilities, should also be addressed.7. Risk Assessment:A thorough risk assessment is crucial to identify potential obstacles or challenges that may arise during the project's implementation. This section discusses the key risks associated with the project and proposes strategies to mitigate or manage them. It may involve contingency plans, alternative approaches, or stakeholder engagement strategies to address potential risks and ensure project success.Conclusion:In conclusion, this opening report provides a comprehensive overview of the proposed project. It highlights the background, objectives, methodology, expected outcomes, project timeline, resources, and risk assessment. By addressing the identified problem or challenge through a systematic approach, the project aims to achieve tangible and intangible outcomes that will contribute to a positive change or improvement. With the outlined plan and strategies, the project is well-positioned for successful execution and meaningful impact.。

最新英语专业本科毕业论文开题报告（翻译方向）How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese TranslationI. Purpose and SignificanceWith the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text,making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.II. Literature ReviewLong befo re, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, m aking foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s internationalimage, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky(1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.III. Feasibility Analysis。

论文开题报告英文版Title: The Significance of a Research ProposalIntroduction:A research proposal is an essential component of any academic research project. It serves as a blueprint for the study, outlining the research questions, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. This article aims to discuss the importance of a research proposal and its key elements.1. Background and Rationale:The research proposal begins with providing a background and rationale for the chosen topic. This section highlights the significance of the research problem, the gap in existing literature, and the potential contributions of the study. It helps establish the context and justifies the need for the research.2. Research Questions and Objectives:The research questions and objectives form the core of a research proposal. These are the specific queries that the study aims to address and the goals it intends to achieve. The questions should be clear, concise, and aligned with the research problem. The objectives should be measurable and realistic, providinga roadmap for the research process.3. Literature Review:A comprehensive literature review is crucial in a research proposal. It demonstrates the researcher's understanding of the existing body of knowledge related to the topic. By critically analyzing previous studies, the literature reviewhelps identify gaps, controversies, and areas for further investigation. It also establishes the theoretical framework that will guide the research.4. Methodology:The methodology section outlines the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques to be employed. It explains how the research questions will be answered and how the objectives will be achieved. The methodology should be appropriate for the research problem and should address potential limitations and ethical considerations. This section ensures the study's credibility and reliability.5. Expected Outcomes and Significance:In this section, the researcher discusses the anticipated outcomes of the study. These may include new insights, practical applications, or theoretical advancements. The expected outcomes should be realistic and aligned with the research questions and objectives. Additionally, the researcher highlights the significance of the study, emphasizing its potential impact on the academic field or society.6. Timeline and Budget:A research proposal often includes a timeline and budget section. The timeline provides an overview of the research process, indicating the duration of each phase, such as literature review, data collection, and analysis. The budget estimates the financial resources required for the study, including equipment, participant compensation, and research assistance. These sections ensure thefeasibility and practicality of the research.Conclusion:A well-crafted research proposal is essential for any academic research project. It provides a clear direction, justifies the research, and ensures the study's rigor. By addressing the key elements discussed in this article, researchers can develop a comprehensive and persuasive research proposal that increases the chances of project approval and success.。

开题报告外文翻译Opening Report Translation:Title: The Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence in EducationIntroduction:Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on the development of intelligent machines capable of performing tasks that would typically require human intelligence. In recent years, AI has become an increasingly important and widely-discussed topic in various fields, including education. This opening report aims to explore the development and application of AI in education.Development of AI in Education:The development of AI in education started with the introduction of intelligent tutoring systems, which used expert knowledge to provide personalized instruction to students. Over time, AI technologies, such as natural language processing, machine learning, and deep learning, have been integrated into educational systems to improve the learning experience and outcomes. This has led to the emergence of educational platforms that can analyze student data, provide personalized recommendations, and offer interactive and adaptive learning experiences.Application of AI in Education:AI has numerous applications in education. Intelligent tutoring systems, for example, can provide students with individualized instruction based on their unique learning needs. Virtual reality andaugmented reality technologies have also been used to create immersive educational experiences, enabling students to explore and learn in virtual environments. AI can also be applied to automate administrative tasks, such as grading assignments and managing student records, freeing up time for teachers to focus on more important instructional activities.Benefits and Challenges:The integration of AI in education offers several benefits. It can enhance the learning experience, improve student engagement, and provide personalized and adaptive learning opportunities. Additionally, AI can assist teachers in identifying and addressing individual student needs, leading to more effective instruction. However, the adoption of AI in education also presents challenges, including concerns regarding data privacy and security, ethical considerations, and the potential for widening the digital divide among students.Conclusion:The development and application of AI in education has the potential to revolutionize the way students learn and teachers teach. With the ability to provide personalized instruction, immersive experiences, and automate administrative tasks, AI can greatly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of education. However, careful consideration must be given to address the challenges associated with AI integration, ensuring that it is implemented in a way that prioritizes student well-being, privacy, and equal accessto educational opportunities.。

英文研究生开题报告范文Title: A Study on the Impact of Social Media on Mental Health Among Graduate Students1. IntroductionSocial media has become an integral part of our daily lives, especially for graduate students who often use itfor academic and social purposes. However, the excessive use of social media has been linked to various mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and loneliness. This study aims to explore the impact of social media on the mental health of graduate students.2. Literature ReviewPrevious research has shown that the use of social media can lead to negative mental health outcomes. For example, a study by Kross et al. (2013) found that increased Facebook use was associated with declines in subjective well-being. Similarly, another study by Primack et al. (2017) indicated that the use of social media was significantly associated with increased levels of depression.3. Research ObjectivesThe main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between social media use and mental health among graduate students. Specifically, we aim to examine the frequency and duration of social media use, as well as the types of social media platforms used by graduate students. Additionally, we will assess the mental health status of participants using standardized scales such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21).4. MethodologyThis study will employ a quantitative research design, utilizing a survey questionnaire to collect data from graduate students. The questionnaire will include items related to social media use, mental health status, and demographic information. The data will be analyzed using statistical techniques such as correlation analysis and regression analysis to identify any significant relationships between social media use and mental health outcomes.5. Expected OutcomesWe expect to find a significant association between social media use and mental health among graduate students.It is hypothesized that higher levels of social media usewill be associated with poorer mental health outcomes. Additionally, we anticipate that certain types of social media platforms, such as Instagram and Snapchat, may have a stronger impact on mental health compared to others.中文回答：1. 简介社交媒体已经成为我们日常生活的一个重要组成部分，尤其是对于经常用于学术和社交目的的研究生来说。