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2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan flagellates, flatworms, and segmented worms.问题1选项A.principalB.perceptiveC.primitiveD.persistent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
rudimentary表示“基本的，退化的，未发展的”；A项principal“主要的，资本的”，B项perceptive“洞察力强的，思维敏捷的”，C项primitive“原始的，远古的”，D项persistent“执着的，坚持不懈的”。
句意：眼斑存在于原生动物鞭毛虫、扁虫和分节虫中，是未发展的眼睛。
根据句意可知，rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的，未进化的”意思，只有C项符合。
故该题选择C项正确。
2.单选题Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.问题1选项A.more wealthytB.less successfultC.dismissed earliertD.favorably positioned【答案】D【解析】考查词语辨析。
主语是students （学生），根据句子语境推测better off表示“表现好，排名靠前”；A项wealthy“富有的”，它的比较级形式是wealthier；B项less successful“不太成功”，C项dismissed earlier“更早淘汰”，D项favorably positioned“很好的排名，排名靠前”。
句意：那些为考试做了充分准备的学生排名靠前。
根据句意可知D项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Diesel engines provide excellent mileage, but they are relatively noisy and their acceleration is sluggish.问题1选项A.unevenB.loudC.slowD.hard【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
sluggish表示“萧条的，迟钝的”；A项uneven“不均匀的，不平坦的”，B 项loud“大声的，喧闹的”，C项slow“慢的，减速的”，D项hard“努力的，硬的”。
句意：柴油发动机提供优良的里程，但它们相对嘈杂，加速缓慢。
根据句意可知，sluggish在句子中表示“缓慢的”，四个选项中只有slow符合。
故该题选择C项正确。
2.单选题Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community’s health.问题1选项A.destructionB.contributionC.chargeD.origin【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
toll表示“代价”；A项destruction“损害，破坏”，B项contribution“贡献”，C项charge“费用”，D项origin“起源，出身”。
句意：贫穷和卫生保健不足损害了社区的健康质量。
根据句意可知A项正确。
3.单选题It was（）that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.问题1选项A.addictedB.allegedC.assaultedD.ascribed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，B项allege“宣称，断言”，C项assault“攻击，袭击”，D项ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A membership card（）the holder to use the club’s facilities for a period of twelve months.问题1选项A.approvesB.authorizesC.rectifiesD.endows【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项approve“同意，赞成”，B项authorize“授权，认可”，C项rectify“纠正，改正”，D项endow“赋予，捐赠”。
根据句子关键词membership card（会员卡）可知，空格部分表示“授权”，只有B项符合。
句意：持卡人有权使用俱乐部的设施12个月。
因此，该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed.问题1选项A.resignedpromisedC.persistedD.dominated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
prevail表示“盛行，流行，战胜”；A项resign“辞职，放弃”，B项compromise“妥协，和解”，C项persist“坚持”，D项dominate“占主导地位，支配，控制”。
句意：专家表示，如果冷酷的陪审员获胜，对生病吸烟者的赔偿金额将会减少。
根据句意可知，选择D项正确。
3.单选题The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.问题1选项A.joinedB.ascribedC.fastenedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The visiting professor was so（）in his field that many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence.问题1选项A.imminentB.eminentC.precedentD.prudent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项imminent“即将来临的，迫近的”，B项eminent“杰出的，有名的”，C项precedent“在前的，在先的”，D项prudent“谨慎的，精明的”。
根据关键词visiting professor （客座教授）可知，空格部分应该修饰人，A、C选项排除；根据后面的从句many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence（许多教员一见到他就紧张起来）可知，D项不太符合句意，故B项正确。
句意：这位客座教授在他的领域内是如此的杰出，以至于我们的许多教员一见到他就紧张起来。
故该题选择B 项正确。
2.单选题This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized（）.问题1选项A.presentationB.instructionC.convictionD.obligation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A项presentation“展示，描述”，B项instruction“指令，命令，教导”，C项conviction“定罪，确信”，D项obligation“义务，职责”；根据句子语境“这所学校承诺缩小班级规模，提供更个性化的……”可知，只有B项符合。
句意：这所学校承诺要缩小班级规模，提供更加个性化的教学。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.问题1选项A.in units ofB.with reference toC.in aspects ofD.on condition of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
Intermsof表示“按照”；A项inunitsof“把……作为单位”，B项withreferenceto“关于，等于”，C项inaspectsof“在……方面”，D项onconditionof“在……条件下”。
句意：参观者们对于根据他们内部关系所设置的周边介绍印象深刻。
根据句意可知B项正确。
2.单选题The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.问题1选项A.supportB.restrictC.raiseD.modify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
uphold表示“支撑，支持，鼓励”；A项support“支持”，B项restrict“限制”，C项raise“提高”，D项modify“修改”。
句意：中国政府继续坚持和平共处的原则。
根据句意可知A项正确。
3.单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed countries（）.问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed countries（）.问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。
A项both“两者都”，B项either“也，而且，两者之中的一个”；C项alike“相似地，同样地”，D项apart“相距，分离者”。
空格前面是由and连接的两个并列成分，那么空格处需要填入一个副词与之呼应；A项用于both…and…（两个都），所以排除；B项用于两者中的其中一个，B 项排除；句意：保护热带雨林的重要性日益为发展中国家和发达国家所重视。
根据句意可知D项不符句意，因此C项正确。
2.单选题This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town. 问题1选项A.hospitalityB.affectionC.appealD.frustration【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
attachment表示“附件，依恋”；A项hospitality“好客，殷勤”，B项affection“喜爱，感情”，C项appeal“呼吁，恳求”，D项frustration“挫折”。
句意：这位老人难以表达他到达家乡时的依恋之情。
根据句意可知B项正确。
3.单选题In those days, executive expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for（）to retire at the age of 65.问题1选项A.integrityB.denialC.incompetenceD.deduction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont, Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. “Wouldn’t it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,” Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. “This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,” Alley said.1. According to Alley the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming（）.2. Alley’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by（）.3. The word “upbeat” (in Paragraph 3) probably means（）.4. What does Alley suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?5. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into（）.问题1选项A.can be easedtB.can be endedtC.will become worsetD.will last for decadest问题2选项A.abrupt changes in atmospheric patternstB.subtle changes in atmospheric patternstC.humans’ burning of fossil fueltD.increasing levels of carbon dioxidet问题3选项A.pessimistictB.optimistictC.worriedtD.insensiblet问题4选项A.To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.tB.To start a political, scientific and economic debate.tC.To take action to burn no fossil fuels.tD.To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.t问题5选项A.a region like SiberiatB.a warmer and warmer placetC.a tropical regiontD.a place like North Pole【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The detective and his assistant have begun to（）the mysterious murder.问题1选项e throughB.look intoC.make overD.see to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
A项come through“经历，安然度过”，B项look into“调查，观察”，C项make over“转让，移交”，D项see to“注意，负责”。
根据前面的关键词detective and his assistant （侦探和他的助手），可猜测空格部分应该表示“调查”。
句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。
故该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.问题1选项A.on occasionB.at presentC.by nowD.for sure【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。
at times表示“有时，偶尔”；A项on occasion“有时，偶尔”，B项at present“目前，现在”，C项by now“到目前为止”，D项for sure“确实，毫无疑问”。
句意：关于谁将接管公司，不时有一些猜测。
根据句意可知，选择A项正确。
3.单选题Poverty and i nadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community’s health.问题1选项A.destructionB.contributionC.chargeD.origin【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
toll表示“代价”；A项destruction“损害，破坏”，B项contribution“贡献”，C项charge“费用”，D项origin“起源，出身”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Scientists maintain that feathers initially developed from insect scales.问题1选项A.surprisinglyB.originallyC.self-evidentlyD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。
initially表示“最初地”；A项surprisingly“惊人地，出人意料地”，B项originally“最初”，C项self-evidently“不言而喻地”，D项mostly“主要地，多半地”。
句意：科学家们认为，羽毛最初是由昆虫的鳞片进化而来的。
根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题Ships passing on the high seas exchanged salutes by lowering and raising their flags once. 问题1选项rmation tB.ceremonies tC.greetings tD.privileges 【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
salute表示“敬礼，致敬”；A项information“信息”，B项ceremony“仪式，典礼”，C项greeting“招呼，问候”，D项privilege“特权”。
句意：在公海上经过的船只通过降旗和升旗互致敬礼。
根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。
3.单选题I will tell Tom he is an adopted child, but I will do it in due course.问题1选项A.at proper timeB.of courseC.in my own wayD.sooner or later【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。
in due course表示“在适当的时候，及时”；A项at proper time“在适当的时候”，B项of course“当然”，C项in my own way“以我自己的方式”，D项sooner or later“迟早，早晚”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I will tell Tom he is an adopted child, but I will do it in due course.问题1选项A.at proper timeB.of courseC.in my own wayD.sooner or later【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。
in due course表示“在适当的时候，及时”；A项at proper time“在适当的时候”，B项of course“当然”，C项in my own way“以我自己的方式”，D项sooner or later“迟早，早晚”。
句意：我会告诉汤姆他是收养的孩子，但我会在适当的时候告诉他。
根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。
2.单选题The official said the developed countries had a responsibility to foster global economic growth.问题1选项A.affectB.help to developC.upsetD.acquire【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
foster表示“促进，抚育”；A项affect“影响”，B项help to develop“帮助发展”，C项upset“使心烦，颠覆”，D项acquire“获得”。
句意：这位官员表示，发达国家有责任促进全球经济增长。
根据句意可知，foster在句中表示“促进发展”；该题选择B项正确。
3.单选题This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would（）her to a high risk.问题1选项A.exposeB.leadC.contributeD.send【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Despite the suspect’s（）to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved. 问题1选项A.convictionB.assertionC.accusationD.speculation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A项conviction“定罪，确信”，B项assertion“断言，声明”，C项accusation“控告，指责”，D项speculation表示“投机，推测”。
句意：尽管嫌疑犯声称自己是无辜的，但有令人信服的证据表明他参与了此事。
因此B项正确。
2.翻译题美国人崇尚公平，即平等待人，不偏不倚。
他们相信机会均等，法律面前人人平等，也就是说，不管社会地位和经济状况如何，人人都能得到公正。
然而，尽管多数美国人声称，他们信奉宽大为怀以及民主的理想，妇女和少数民族的维权行动仍然面临巨大的障碍，虽然在过去的五十年里取得了一些进步。
【答案】答：The Americans admire fair, that is, equality and impartiality. They believed in equal opportunity and equality before the law. That means, regardless of social status or economic conditions, everyone shall be fairly treated. Yet despite the ideals of leniency and democracy that most Americans profess to embrace, the women and minorities still face huge obstacles in their activities for protecting their rights. But some progress has been made in the past 50 years.3.单选题In spite of the taxing business schedule, he managed to take some time off for exercise.问题1选项A.imposingB.demandingpulsoryD.temporary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
taxing表示“费力的”；A项imposing“壮观的”，B项demanding“苛求的，吃力的”，C项compulsory“义务的”，D项temporary“暂时的”。
句意：尽管业务繁忙，他还是抽出时间锻炼身体。
根据句意可知B项正确。
4.单选题Senior citizens, especially those above 70, are（）some privileges in many countries.问题1选项A.enforcedB.engagedC.entitledD.enabled【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项enforce“实施，执行，强制”，B项engage“从事，参与”，C项entitle“给某人权利、资格”，D项enable“使能够，使成为可能”。
根据后面的privilege（特权）可知，空格部分应该表示“获得，具有”。
句意：老年人，特别是70岁以上的老年人，在许多国家享有某些特权。
故该题选择C项正确。
5.翻译题In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation.【答案】答：在本书中，我们提供了一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来是合理并值得认真考虑的。
但正如任何有经验的作家都知道的那样，在某些情况下，即使是最好的建议也可能不适用。
写作要针对不同的读者，有不同的目的，有不同的题材，语言的正式程度也不同，所有提出的这一切的要求本书是无法预见到的。
我们认识到适合一篇文章的东西不一定适合另一篇文章。
在大多数情况下，你必须不惜一切代价避免含糊不清，目的是防止人们随意曲解你使用的文字。
6.单选题Without clear guidelines（）, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.问题1选项A.in orderB.in placeC.in needD.in trouble【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
A项in order“整齐，秩序井然”，B项in place“适当，在恰当的位置”，C 项in need“在危难中，在穷困中”，D项in trouble表示“处于不幸中”。
句意：在没有明确的指导方针的情况下，医院的管理人员有时会不知所措。
因此B项正确。
7.翻译题Apart from flights, telephones and television, one of the most significant ways in which life in the twentieth century differs from antiquity is the pervasive presence of clocks. Our lives are scheduled around specific times and intervals in a fashion that would have been impossible in ancient Rome.When and how did this profound change come about? Did monasteries acquire the first clocks and then, in league with an emerging merchant class, enforce their own rigid time standards on the surrounding populace? This view—the accepted interpretation for at least 50 year—is carefully dissected and challenged in Dohrn-van Rossum’s revisionist account.【答案】除了飞机、电话和电视之外，二十世纪的生活与古代最重要的不同之处之一就是时钟的普遍使用。
我们习惯于将生活细分到具体的时间点和事件单，这在古罗马是不可能出现的。
这种深刻的变化是何时以及如何发生的？是修道院在获得了第一个时钟之后，联合新兴的商人阶级把他们严格的时间观念强加给普通大众的吗？在至少50年的时间里，这种观点被大众所认可并受到了Dohrn-van Rossum的修正主义的仔细分析和挑战。
8.单选题Assumingly that he disagrees with our proposal, what shall we do next?问题1选项A.IfB.What ifC.WhenD.What about【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析与条件状语从句。
Assumingly的动词原形是assume，放在句首表示疑问“假定，假使”；A项if“如果”，一般用法为if that +从句；B项what if“假使……将会怎么样”，用法为what if+主语+谓语；C项when“何时”，引导时间状语从句；D项what about“怎么样”，引导特殊疑问句。
句意：假如他不同意我们的建议，那我们下一步怎么办？根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。
9.单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed countries（）.问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。
A项both“两者都”，B项either“也，而且，两者之中的一个”；C项alike“相似地，同样地”，D项apart“相距，分离者”。
空格前面是由and连接的两个并列成分，那么空格处需要填入一个副词与之呼应；A项用于both…and…（两个都），所以排除；B项用于两者中的其中一个，B 项排除；句意：保护热带雨林的重要性日益为发展中国家和发达国家所重视。
根据句意可知D项不符句意，因此C项正确。
10.单选题There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when a previous record or performance is surpassed.问题1选项A.exceeded tB.matched tC.maintained tD.announced【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
surpass表示“超越，胜过”；A项exceed“超过”，B项match“相配，比得上”，C项maintain“维持，主张”，D项announce“宣布”。
