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动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是语法学中非常重要的概念，在日常的英语交流中，准确使用时态和语态能够明确表达发生的时间、主语的态度以及动作的进行方式。
本文将就动词的时态和语态展开探讨。
一、动词的时态动词的时态主要有以下几种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等。
1. 一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或普遍的真理。
形式上，一般现在时动词的用法相对简单，一般只需将动词原形加s或es。
例：She likes to read books.（她喜欢读书。
）2. 一般过去时一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
常见的一般过去时动词形式是在动词的原形后加-ed或者改变拼写。
例：He studied at Harvard University.（他在哈佛大学学习。
）3. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
一般将来时的语态形式是由“will/shall + 动词原形”构成。
例：I will go to the park tomorrow.（明天我将去公园。
）4. 现在进行时现在进行时表示正在进行的动作。
现在进行时的时态形式是由“be 动词(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式”构成。
例：They are playing basketball now.（他们现在正在打篮球。
）5. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
过去进行时的时态形式是由“was/were + 动词-ing形式”构成。
例：He was studying at the library yesterday.（昨天他在图书馆学习。
）6. 将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
将来进行时的时态形式是由“will be + 动词-ing形式”构成。
例：They will be traveling to Europe next month.（他们下个月将要去欧洲旅行。
动词的时态和语态动词时态和语态的构成形式主动语态的构成被动语态的构成动词时态的基本用法一、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
I’ll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。
The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。
常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、现在完成时1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。
科目：英语年级：高三教师：刘旭2006-2007年第二学期第二周视频讲义（02.11）07高考语法复习五---动词的时态语态一、考点聚焦综观近年来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在15个单项选择中，考查动词时态的题一般不少于2道，动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。
然而,英语时态多达16种,常用的也有8种之多,且近几年的高考在考查时态时,形式灵活多样,多体现在上下文语境中,且融多个考点于一题,这样无形中增加了试题的难度。
其实，纵观近几年的时态语态题，我们不难发现其命题的三个角度：一是直接给定时间状语，考生可直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语进行选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出判断并选择最佳答案。
二、真题再现与技巧点拨答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参考信息”，如：haven’t said, was doing 等，这些表达中都含有时间信息，发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。
解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路：①这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些？②这个动作处于什么时态，是进行中，还是已经结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？③这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。
具体技巧如下：（一）根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态1．---The window is dirty.--- I know. It ________ for weeks. (04全国卷III)A．hasn’t clean B．didn’t cleanC．wasn’t cleaned D．hasn’t been cleaned2．Scientists think that the continents always where they today. （05北京）A．aren’t; are B．aren’t; were C．weren’t; are D．weren’t; were3．They on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and nowwe it as no good results have come out so far. （05江苏）A．had been working; are still working B．had worked; were still workingC．have worked; were still working D．have worked; are still working4．The country life he was used to greatly since 1992. （05山东）A．change B．has changed C．changing D．have changed 5．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year. （05山东）away B．is being washed awaywashingA．isaway D．are being washed awaywashingC．are6．--________David and Vicky ________married?--For about three years．(2003北京)A．How long were；being B．How long have；gotC．How long have；been D．How long did；get[命题角度]动词时态须与句中时间状语一致。
高考题常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力。
[应对策略]敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态。
（二）根据主从句时态呼应的原则选择时态7．When the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behindthe mountain. （05湖北）A．started; had already hidden B．had started; had already hiddenC．had started; was hiding D．was starting; hid8．--- What would you do if it tomorrow? （05全国）--- We have to carry it on , since we’ve got everything ready .C．willrain D．is rainingB．rainsA．rain9．They on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and nowwe it as no good results have come out so far. （05江苏）A．had been working; are still working B．had worked; were still workingC．have worked; were still working D．have worked; are still working10．As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when and see him. （05北京）A．you will come B．will you come C．you come D．do you come[命题角度]近年来的高考试题一般不再单纯考查主从句的时态呼应,而是将其放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查,也会结合强调结构等其它语法现象进行考查。
[应对策略]在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点:①在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态,一般过去时态表示过去将来时态,用现在完成时态表示将来完成时态。
②正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。
③解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则: 如果主句动词为现在时态,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态; 如果主句动词为过去时态,则从句动词须用合适的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时态)。
（三）根据具体的语言环境选择时态11．Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science_________ that people who don’t sleep well will soon get ill.（05广东）A．showed B．will show C．has shown D．is showing12．The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I before. （05全国卷II）A．was having B．have C．have ever had D．had ever had13．（05全国）The hero’s story differently in the newspapers.A．was reported B．was reporting C．reports D．reported14．Now that she is out of job, Lucy ______ going back to school, but she hasn’tdecided yet. (04北京)A．had considered B．has been consideringC．considered D．is going to consider[命题角度]近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。
[应对策略]捕捉信息,理解情境,综合运用,灵活答题。
三．实战练习：（一）单项选择1.-Sorry,Joe.I didn't mean to.-Don't call me "Joe".I'm Mr Parker, and ___ you forget it.A. doB. didn'tC. didD. don't2.Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?It will ___ fresh for several days.A. be stayedB. stayC. be stayingD. have stayed3.-We haven't heard from Jane for a long time.-What do you suppose___ to her.A. was happeningB. to happenC. has happenedD. having happened4.-We could have walked to the station.It's so near.-Yes. A taxi___at all necessary.A. wasn'tB. hadn't beenC. wouldn'tD. won't be5.I need one more stamp before my collection___A. has completedB. completesC. has been completedD. is completed6.I don't think Jim saw me;he ___into space.A. just staredB. was just staringC. had just stared7.You should pay a visit to the part of the country when___A. spring will comeB. it will be springC. it is springD. it is going to be spring8.However much___,it will be worth it.A. does the car costB. costs the carC. the car will costD. the car costs9.It___little who does it so long as it is done.A. will seeB. will be seenC. will have seenD. will be seeing10.What do you think___to John when he finds his bicycle has been stolen?A. will happenB. happenedC. is happeningD. has been happening11.You're doing in a wrong way.It___ this way.A. used to doB. is used to doingC. used to be doneD. was used to doing12.If better use is ___your spare time, you'll make great progress in that.A. spentB. takenC. made ofD. used for（二）动词的时态和语态篇章应用--- 阅读练习ADuring the summer holidays there will be a revised (修改过的) schedule(时刻表) of services for the students. Changes for dinning-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dinning-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged (安排), will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club.In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dinning-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 a. m. to 7:00 p. m. during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 p. m. on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p. m. All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week's student newspaper.1.The main purpose (主要目的)of this announcement is to _______.A. tell students of important schedule changesB. tell students of new bus and library servicesC. show the excellent services for studentsD. ask students to renew their library cards2.At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall?A. 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 11:00B. 8:30, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30C. 8:30, 9:00, 8:30, 10:00D. 8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 12:303. Times for films and concerts are not listed（列入）in this announcement because ____.A. they are not to be announcedB. they are hard to arrangeC. the full list is not readyD. the full list is too long4. In the summer holidays, the library will have _________.A. no special hoursB. special hours on weekdaysC. special hours on weekendsD. special hours both on weekdays and weekends5. We may infer（推断出）that during the summer holidays _______.A. the student newspaper will sell more copiesB. there will be a concert or a film once a weekC. many students will stay in the universityD. no breakfast will be served on the weekendsBThe Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel, 10 to 30 miles off the French coast, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast. There are ten islands with a total land area of 75 square miles and a total population of 123,000. The three largest islands, Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney, have long been known for the fine breeds of cattle that are raised on them and named after them.In earliest known history the islands were considered part of Normandy, which was part of France, but the ruler of Normandy became king of England in 1066, and from then on the islands were looked upon as British land. English control was unbroken until World War II, when the Germans held the islands for five years.Although people on the islands speak both languages and they are considered English, their customs are more French than English.1. Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney breeds of cattle are ______.A. considered best in EnglandB. named after their birthplacesC. brought to the islands by the GermansD. raised on well-known farms by the French2. The Channel Islands have been continuously under British rule since _______.A. earliest known historyB. 1066C. 1930sD. the end of World War II3. Why do people on the channel Islands follow French way of living?A. Their islands used to be part of France.B. Their islands are often visited by the French.C. They came from France.D. They speak French.参考答案：:真题点拨：1. D2. C3. A4. B5. D6. C7. A8. B9. A 10. A11. C 12. C 13. A 14. B实战单选：1.D2.B3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.D9.A 10.A 11.C 12.C语篇应用阅读：A篇: ABCCD B篇: BDA。
