高分子物理名词中英对照

05.高分子化学05.1 高分子物质coiling type polymer05.2 聚合与高分子化学反应13 非共轭单体non conjugated monomer14 活化单体activated monomer15 官能单体functional monomer16 大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17 环状单体cyclic monomer18 共聚单体comonomer19 聚合［反应］polymerization20 均聚反应homopolymerizationoligomerization低聚反应，21齐聚反应(曾用名)22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radicalpolymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerizationpolymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合，dead end polymerization43死端聚合(曾用名)44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis 54polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ionpolymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselectivepolymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization模板聚合matrix polymerization,template 94polymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization聚加成反应，polyaddition101逐步加成聚合(曾用名)102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization 107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，108polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, 109ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass 114polymerization115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension 122polymerization珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl 123polymerization124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion 128polymerization129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation 140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiatorcharge transfer complex, CTC 电荷转移复合物，155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional 158initiator159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, 162iniferter163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAObimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化179剂180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182 限定几何构型茂金属催化constrained geometry metallocene剂catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination 201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination 202 歧化终止disproportionation termination 203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain 218transfer219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constantretardation①缓聚作用221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization 238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation 245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group 257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation279 断链降解chain scission degradation 280 自由基链降解free radical chain degradation 281 无规降解random degradation282 水解降解hydrolytic degradation283 热降解thermal degradation284 热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation 285 光降解photodegradation286 光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation 287 力化学降解mechanochemical degradation05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理度无规度，无规立构度atacticity嵌段block规整嵌段regular block非规整嵌段irregular block立构嵌段stereoblock有规立构嵌段isotactic block无规立构嵌段atactic block单体单元monomeric unit二单元组diad三单元组triad四单元组tetrad五单元组pentad无规线团random coil自由连接链freely-jointed chain 自由旋转链freely-rotating chain 蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain。

高分子专业术语中英文对照表加工 processing反应性加工 reactive processing等离子体加工 plasma processing加工性 processability熔体流动指数 melt [flow] index门尼粘度 Mooney index塑化 plasticizing增塑作用 plasticization内增塑作用 internal plasticization外增塑作用 external plasticization增塑溶胶 plastisol增强 reinforcing增容作用 compatibilization相容性 compatibility相溶性 intermiscibility生物相容性 biocompatibility血液相容性 blood compatibility组织相容性 tissue compatibility混炼 milling, mixing素炼 mastication塑炼 plastication过炼 dead milled橡胶配合 rubber compounding共混 blend捏和 kneading冷轧 cold rolling压延性 calenderability压延 calendering埋置 embedding压片 preforming模塑 molding模压成型 compression molding压缩成型 compression forming冲压模塑 impact moulding, shock moulding叠模压塑 stack moulding复合成型 composite molding注射成型 injection molding注塑压缩成型 injection compression molding射流注塑 jet molding无流道冷料注塑 runnerless injection molding共注塑 coinjection molding气辅注塑 gas aided injection molding注塑焊接 injection welding传递成型 transfer molding树脂传递成型 resin transfer molding铸塑 cast熔铸 fusion casting铸塑成型 cast molding单体浇铸 monomer casting挤出 extrusion共挤出 coextrusion多层挤塑 multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑 coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑 coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑 blown extrusion挤出吹塑 extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型 extrusion draw blow molding反应性挤塑 reactive extrusion固相挤出 solid-phase extrusion发泡 expanding foam后发泡 post expansion物理发泡 physical foam化学发泡 chemical foam吹塑 blow molding多层吹塑 multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型 stretch blow molding滚塑 rotational moulding反应注射成型 reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型 vacuum forming无压成型 zero ressure molding真空烧结 vacuum sintering真空袋成型 vacuum bag molding热成型 thermal forming拉伸热成型 stretch thermoforming袋模塑 bag molding糊塑 paste molding镶铸 imbedding冲压成型 impact molding触压成型 impression molding层压材料 laminate泡沫塑料成型 foam molding包模成型 drape molding充气吹胀 inflation橡胶胶乳 rubber latex胶乳 latex高分子胶体 polymer colloid生橡胶 raw rubber，crude rubber硬质胶 ebonite再生胶 reclaimed rubber充油橡胶 oil-extended rubber母胶 masterbatch交联 crosslinking固化 cure光固化 photo-cure硫化 vulcanization后硫化 post cure，post vulcanization自硫[化] bin cure自交联 self crosslinking , self curing过硫 over cure返硫 reversion欠硫 under cure动态硫化 dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化 heterogeneous vulcanization开始[硫化]效应 set-up effect自动硫化 self-curing, self-vulcanizing焦烧 scorching无压硫化 non-pressure cure模压硫化 moulding curing常温硫化 auto-vulcanization热硫化 heat curing蒸汽硫化 steam curing微波硫化 micro wave curing辐射硫化 radiation vulcanization辐射交联 radiation crosslinking连续硫化 continuous vulcanization无模硫化 open vulcanization成纤 fiber forming可纺性 spinnability纺丝 spinning干纺 dry spinning湿纺 wet spinning干湿法纺丝 dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝 dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝 solution spinning乳液纺丝 emulsion spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法 emulsion flash spinning process 喷射纺丝 jet spinning喷纺成形 spray spinning液晶纺丝 liquid crystal spinning熔纺 melt spinning共混纺丝 blended spinning凝胶纺[丝] gel spinning反应纺丝 reaction spinning静电纺丝 electrostatic spinning高压纺丝 high-pressure spinning复合纺丝 conjugate spinning无纺布 non-woven fabrics单丝 monofilament, monofil复丝 multifilament全取向丝 fully oriented yarn中空纤维 hollow fiber皮芯纤维 sheath core fiber共纺 cospinning冷拉伸 cold drawing, cold stretching 单轴拉伸 uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸 biaxial drawing多轴拉伸 multiaxial drawing皮心效应 skin and core effect皮层效应 skin effect防缩 non-shrink熟成 ripening垂挂 sag定型 sizing起球现象 pilling effect捻度 twist旦 denier特 tex纱 yarn股 strand粘合 adhesion反应粘合 reaction bonding压敏粘合 pressure sensitive adhesion 底漆 primer浸渍 impregnation浸渍树脂 solvent impregnated resin基体 matrix聚合物表面活性剂 polymeric surfactant 高分子絮凝剂 polymeric flocculant预发颗粒 pre-expanded bead高分子膜 polymeric membraneH-膜 H-filmLB膜 Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film) 半透膜 semipermeable membrane反渗透膜 Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜 porous membrane各向异性膜 anisotropic membrane正离子交换膜 cation exchange membrane负离子交换膜 anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂 polymeric adsorbent添加剂 additive固化剂 curing agent潜固化剂 latent curing agent硫化剂 vulcanizing agent给硫剂 sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor 硫化促进剂 vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂 vulcanization activator活化促进剂 activating accelerator活化剂 activator防焦剂 scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂 anti-reversion agent塑解剂 peptizer偶联剂 coupling agent硅烷偶联剂 silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂 titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂 aluminate coupling agent 增强剂 reinforcing agent增硬剂 hardening agent惰性填料 inert filler增塑剂 plasticizer辅增塑剂 coplasticizer增粘剂 tackifier增容剂 compatibilizer增塑增容剂 plasticizer extender分散剂 dispersant agent结构控制剂 constitution controller色料 colorant荧光增白剂 optical bleaching agent抗降解剂 antidegradant防老剂 anti-aging agent防臭氧剂 antiozonant抗龟裂剂 anticracking agent抗疲劳剂 anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂 biocide防蚀剂 anti-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂 photoresist防霉剂 antiseptic防腐剂 rot resistor防潮剂 moisture proof agent除臭剂 re-odorant抗氧剂 antioxidant热稳定剂 heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂 antistatic additive抗静电剂 antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂 ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂 ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂 light stabilizer, photostabilizer 光屏蔽剂 light screener发泡剂 foaming agent物理发泡剂 physical foaming agent化学发泡剂 chemical foaming agent脱模剂 releasing agent内脱模剂 internal releasing agent外脱模剂 external releasing agent阻燃剂 flame retardant防火剂 fire retardant烧蚀剂 ablator润滑剂 lubricant湿润剂 wetting agent隔离剂 separant增韧剂 toughening agent抗冲改性剂 impact modifier消泡剂 antifoaming agent减阻剂 drag reducer破乳剂 demulsifier粘度改进剂 viscosity modifier增稠剂 thickening agent, thickener阻黏剂 abhesive洗脱剂 eluant附聚剂 agglomerating agent后处理剂 after-treating agent催干剂 drier防结皮剂 anti-skinning agent纺织品整理剂 textile finishing agent－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－高物高化类：结构单元 constitutional unit重复结构单元 constitutional repeating unit 构型单元 configurational unit立构重复单元 stereorepeating unit立构规整度 tacticity等规度, 全同立构[规整]度 isotacticity间同度，间同立构[规整]度 syndiotacticity无规度，无规立构度 atacticity嵌段 block规整嵌段 regular block非规整嵌段 irregular block立构嵌段 stereoblock有规立构嵌段 isotactic block无规立构嵌段 atactic block单体单元 monomeric unit二单元组 diad三单元组 triad四单元组 tetrad五单元组 pentad无规线团 random coil自由连接链 freely-jointed chain自由旋转链 freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链 worm-like chain柔性链 flexible chain链柔性 chain flexibility刚性链 rigid chain棒状链 rodlike chain链刚性 chain rigidity聚集 aggregation聚集体 aggregate凝聚、聚集 coalescence链缠结 chain entanglement凝聚缠结 cohesional entanglement物理缠结 physical entanglement拓扑缠结 topological entanglement凝聚相 condensed phase凝聚态 condensed state凝聚过程 condensing process临界聚集浓度 critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换 coil-globule transition受限链 confined chain受限态 confined state物理交联 physical crosslinking统计线团 statistical coil等效链 equivalent chain统计链段 statistical segment链段 chain segment链构象 chain conformation无规线团模型 random coil model无规行走模型 random walk model自避随机行走模型 self avoiding walk model卷曲构象 coiled conformation高斯链 Gaussian chain无扰尺寸 unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸 perturbed dimension热力学等效球 thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内相互作用 short-range intramolecular interaction远程分子内相互作用 long-range intramolecular interaction链间相互作用 interchain interaction链间距 interchain spacing长程有序 long range order近程有序 short range order回转半径 radius of gyration末端间矢量 end-to-end vector链末端 chain end末端距 end-to-end distance无扰末端距 unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距 root-mean-square end-to-end distance伸直长度 contour length相关长度 persistence length主链；链骨架 chain backbone支链 branch chain链支化 chain branching短支链 short-chain branch长支链 long-chain branch支化系数 branching index支化密度 branching density支化度 degree of branching交联度 degree of crosslinking网络 network网络密度 network density溶胀 swelling平衡溶胀 equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合 molecular assembly自组装 self assembly微凝胶 microgel凝胶点 gel point可逆[性]凝胶 reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化 sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度 critical micelle concentration，CMC组成非均一性 constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity 摩尔质量平均 molar mass average数均分子量 number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass重均分子量 weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar mass Z均分子量 Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass黏均分子量 viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass表观摩尔质量 apparent molar mass表观分子量 apparent molecular weight聚合度 degree of polymerization动力学链长 kinetic chain length单分散性 monodispersity临界分子量 critical molecular weight分子量分布 molecular weight distribution，MWD多分散性指数 polydispersity index，PID平均聚合度 average degree of polymerization质量分布函数 mass distribution function数量分布函数 number distribution function重量分布函数 weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布 Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然分布 most probable distribution对数正态分布 logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液 polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用 polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质 thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距 mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径 mean square radius of gyrationθ温度 theta temperatureθ态 theta stateθ溶剂 theta solvent良溶剂 good solvent不良溶剂 poor solvent位力系数 Virial coefficient排除体积 excluded volume溶胀因子 expansion factor溶胀度 degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论 Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式 Huggins equation哈金斯系数 Huggins coefficientχ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter溶度参数 solubility parameter摩擦系数 frictional coefficient流体力学等效球 hydrodynamically equivalent sphere流体力学体积 hydrodynamic volume珠-棒模型 bead-rod model球-簧链模型 ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射 flow birefringence, streaming birefringence动态光散射 dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射 low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数 sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法 sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法 sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度 relative viscosity相对黏度增量 relative viscosity increment黏度比 viscosity ratio黏数 viscosity number[乌氏]稀释黏度计 [Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计 capillary viscometer落球黏度计 ball viscometer落球黏度 ball viscosity本体黏度 bulk viscosity比浓黏度 reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度 inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 特性黏数 intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number黏度函数 viscosity function零切变速率黏度 zero shear viscosity端基分析 analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法 vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射 coherent elastic scattering of radiation 折光指数增量 refractive index increment瑞利比 Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比 excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数 particle scattering function粒子散射因子 particle scattering factor齐姆图 Zimm plot散射的非对称性 dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用 depolarization分级 fractionation沉淀分级 precipitation fractionation萃取分级 extraction fractionation色谱分级 chromatographic fractionation柱分级 column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级 elution fractionation热分级 thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法 gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限 molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法 solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 分子量排除极限 molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积 elution volume普适标定 universal calibration加宽函数 spreading function链轴 chain axis等同周期 identity period链重复距离 chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期 crystalline fold period构象重复单元 conformational repeating unit几何等效 geometrical equivalence螺旋链 helix chain构型无序 configurational disorder链取向无序 chain orientational disorder构象无序 conformational disorder锯齿链 zigzag chain双[股]螺旋 double stranded helix[分子]链大尺度取向 global chain orientation结晶聚合物 crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物 semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体 polymer crystal高分子微晶 polymer crystallite结晶度 degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 高分子[异质]同晶现象 macromolecular isomorphism 聚合物形态学 morphology of polymer片晶 lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶 axialite树枝[状]晶体 dendrite纤维晶 fibrous crystal串晶结构 shish-kebab structure球晶 spherulite折叠链 folded chain链折叠 chain folding折叠表面 fold surface折叠面 fold plane折叠微区 fold domain相邻再入模型 adjacent re-entry model接线板模型 switchboard model缨状微束模型 fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体 folded-chain crystal平行链晶体 parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体 extended-chain crystal球状链晶体 globular-chain crystal长周期 long period近程结构 short-range structure远程结构 long-range structure成核作用 nucleation分子成核作用 molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程 Avrami equation主结晶 primary crystallization后期结晶 secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶 epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长 epitaxial growth织构 texture液晶态 liquid crystal state溶致性液晶 lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶 thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶 thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶 smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相 smectic mesophase近晶相 smectic phase条带织构 banded texture环带球晶 ringed spherulite向列相 nematic phase盘状相 discotic phase解取向 disorientation分聚 segregation非晶相 amorphous phase非晶区 amorphous region非晶态 amorphous state非晶取向 amorphous orientation链段运动 segmental motion亚稳态 metastable state相分离 phase separation亚稳相分离 spinodal decompositionbimodal decomposition微相 microphase界面相 boundary phase相容性 compatibility混容性 miscibility不相容性 incompatibility不混容性 immiscibility增容作用 compatiibilization最低临界共溶(溶解)温度 lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶(溶解)温度 upper critical solution temperature , UCST 浓度猝灭 concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光 excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光 exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜 laser confocal fluorescence microscopy单轴取向 uniaxial orientation双轴取向 biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度 degree of orientation橡胶态 rubber state玻璃态 glassy state高弹态 elastomeric state黏流态 viscous flow state伸长 elongation高弹形变 high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原 nerviness拉伸比 draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比 Poisson's ratio杨氏模量 Young's modulus本体模量 bulk modulus剪切模量 shear modulus法向应力 normal stress剪切应力 shear stress剪切应变 shear strain屈服 yielding颈缩现象 necking屈服应力 yield stress屈服应变 yield strain脆性断裂 brittle fracture脆性开裂 brittle cracking脆-韧转变 brittle ductile transition脆化温度 brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破裂 ductile fracture冲击强度 impact strength拉伸强度 tensile strength极限拉伸强度 ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度 tearing strength弯曲强度 flexural strength, bending strength 弯曲模量 bending modulus弯曲应变 bending strain弯曲应力 bending stress收缩开裂 shrinkage crack剪切强度 shear strength剥离强度 peeling strength疲劳强度 fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 挠曲 deflection压缩强度 compressive strength压缩永久变形 compression set压缩变形 compressive deformation压痕硬度 indentation hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness布氏硬度 Brinell hardness抗刮性 scrath resistance断裂力学 fracture mechanics力学破坏 mechanical failure应力强度因子 stress intensity factor断裂伸长 elongation at break屈服强度 yield strength断裂韧性 fracture toughness弹性形变 elastic deformation弹性滞后 elastic hysteresis弹性 elasticity弹性模量 modulus of elasticity弹性回复 elastic recovery不可回复形变 irrecoverable deformation 裂缝 crack银纹 craze形变；变形 deformation永久变形 deformation set剩余变形 residual deformation剩余伸长 residual stretch回弹，回弹性 resilience延迟形变 retarded deformation延迟弹性 retarded elasticity可逆形变 reversible deformation应力开裂 stress cracking应力-应变曲线 stress strain curve拉伸应变 stretching strain拉伸应力弛豫 tensile stress relaxation 热历史 thermal history热收缩 thermoshrinking扭辫分析 torsional braid analysis，TBA 应力致白 stress whitening应变能 strain energy应变张量 strain tensor剩余应力 residual stress应变硬化 strain hardening应变软化 strain softening电流变液 electrorheological fluid假塑性 pseudoplastic拉胀性 auxiticity牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体 non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体 Bingham fluid冷流 cold flow牛顿剪切黏度 Newtonian shear viscosity 剪切黏度 shear viscosity表观剪切黏度 apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy塑性形变 plastic deformation塑性流动 plastic flow体积弛豫 volume relaxation拉伸黏度 extensional viscosity黏弹性 viscoelasticity线性黏弹性 linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性 non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变 creep弛豫[作用] relaxation弛豫模量 relaxation modulus蠕变柔量 creep compliance热畸变温度 heat distortion temperature弛豫谱 relaxation spectrum推迟[时间]谱 retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间 relaxation time推迟时间 retardation time动态力学行为 dynamic mechanical behavior动态黏弹性 dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线 thermo-mechanical curve动态转变 dynamic transition储能模量 storage modulus损耗模量 loss modulus复数模量 complex modulus复数柔量 complex compliance动态黏度 dynamic viscosity复数黏度 complex viscosity复数介电常数 complex dielectric permittivity介电损耗因子 dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数 dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间 dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变 glass transition玻璃化转变温度 glass-transition temperature次级弛豫 secondary relaxation次级转变 secondary transition次级弛豫温度 secondary relaxation temperature开尔文模型 Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型 Maxwell model时-温叠加原理 time-temperature superposition principle 玻耳兹曼叠加原理 Boltzmann superposition principle平移因子 shift factorWLF公式 WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度 softening temperature平衡熔点 equilibrium melting point物理老化 physical ageing光老化 photoageing热老化 thermal ageing热氧老化 thermo-oxidative ageing人工老化 artificial ageing加速老化 accelerated ageing计算机模拟 computer simulation分子动力学模拟 molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟 Monte Carlo simulation－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－聚合反应类：单体 monomer官能度 functionality平均官能度 average functionality双官能［基］单体 bifunctional monomer三官能［基］单体 trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体 vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体 vinylidene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体 vinylene monomer双烯单体，二烯单体 diene monomer极性单体 polar monomer非极性单体 non polar monomer共轭单体 conjugated monomer非共轭单体 non conjugated monomer活化单体 activated monomer官能单体 functional monomer大分子单体 macromer, macromonomer环状单体 cyclic monomer共聚单体 comonomer聚合［反应］ polymerization均聚反应 homopolymerization低聚反应，齐聚反应 (曾用名) oligomerization调聚反应 telomerization自发聚合 spontaneous polymerization预聚合 prepolymerization后聚合 post polymerization再聚合 repolymerization铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合 cast polymerization链［式］聚合 chain polymerization烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合 vinyl polymerization双烯［类］聚合 diene polymerization加［成］聚［合］ addition polymerization自由基聚合，游离基聚合 (曾用名) free radical polymerization,radical polymerization控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合 controlled radical polymerization，CRP活性自由基聚合 living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合 atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合 reverse atom transfer radical polymerization， RATRP 可逆加成断裂链转移 reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT氮氧[自由基]调控聚合 nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合 stable free radical polymerization，FRP自由基异构化聚合 free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合 radical ring opening polymerization氧化还原聚合 redox polymerization无活性端聚合，死端聚合 (曾用名) dead end polymerization光［致］聚合 photo polymerization光引发聚合 light initiated polymerization光敏聚合 photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合 four center polymerization电荷转移聚合 charge transfer polymerization辐射引发聚合 radiation initiated polymerization热聚合 thermal polymerization电解聚合 electrolytic polymerization等离子体聚合 plasma polymerization易位聚合 metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合 ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP精密聚合 precision polymerization环化聚合 cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合 topochemical polymerization平衡聚合 equilibrium polymerization离子［型］聚合 ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合 radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合 ion pair polymerization正离子聚合，阳离子聚合 cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合 carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationic polymerization假正离子聚合 pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活［性］聚合 pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合 living cationic polymerization负离子聚合，阴离子聚合 anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合 carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合 living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合 anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合 anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合 anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合 allylic polymerization活［性］聚合 living polymerization两性离子聚合 zwitterion polymerization齐格勒-纳塔聚合 Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合 coordination polymerization配位离子聚合 coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合 coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合 coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合 insertion polymerization定向聚合，立构规整聚合 stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization 有规立构聚合 tactic polymerization全同立构聚合 isospecific polymerization不对称诱导聚合 asymmetric induction polymerization不对称选择性聚合 asymmetric selective polymerization不对称立体选择性聚合 asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映［体］不对称聚合 enantioasymmetric polymerization对映［体］对称聚合 enantiosymmetric polymerization异构化聚合 isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合 hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合 group transfer polymerization，GTP消除聚合 elimination polymerization模板聚合 matrix polymerization,template polymerization插层聚合 intercalation polymerization无催化聚合 uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合 ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合 living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合 immortal polymerization酶聚合作用 enzymatic polymerization聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合 (曾用名) polyaddition偶联聚合 coupling polymerization序列聚合 sequential polymerization闪发聚合，俗称暴聚 flash polymerization氧化聚合 oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合 oxidative coupling polymerization逐步［增长］聚合 step growth polymerization缩聚反应 condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯交换型聚合 transesterification type polymerization, ester exchange polycondensation自催化缩聚 autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合 homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合 heterogeneous polymerization相转化聚合 phase inversion polymerization本体聚合 bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合 solid phase polymerization气相聚合 gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization吸附聚合 adsorption polymerization溶液聚合 solution polymerization沉淀聚合 precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合 slurry polymerization悬浮聚合 suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合 reversed phase suspension polymerization珠状聚合 bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分散聚合 dispersion polymerization反相分散聚合 inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合 seeding polymerization乳液聚合 emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合 emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 反相乳液聚合 inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合 micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合 continuous polymerization半连续聚合 semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合，间歇聚合 batch polymerization原位聚合 in situ polymerization均相缩聚 homopolycondensation活化缩聚 activated polycondensation熔融缩聚 melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚 solid phase polycondensation体型缩聚 three dimensional polycondensation界面聚合 interfacial polymerization界面缩聚 interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合 cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合 cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合 cyclosiloxane polymerization引发剂 initiator引发剂活性 activity of initiator聚合催化剂 polymerization catalyst自由基引发剂 radical initiator偶氮［类］引发剂 azo type initiator2,2′偶氮二异丁腈 2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN过氧化苯甲酰 benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引发剂 persulphate initiator复合引发体系 complex initiation system氧化还原引发剂 redox initiator电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物 charge transfer complex, CTC聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂 polymerization accelerator光敏引发剂 photoinitiator双官能引发剂 bifunctional initiator， difunctional initiator三官能引发剂 trifunctional initiator大分子引发剂 macroinitiator引发-转移剂 initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂 initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter光引发转移终止剂 photoiniferter热引发转移终止剂 thermoiniferter正离子催化剂 cationic catalyst正离子引发剂 cationic initiator负离子引发剂 ionioic initiator共引发剂 coinitiator烷基锂引发剂 alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引发剂 anion radical initiator烯醇钠引发剂 alfin initiator齐格勒-纳塔催化剂 Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂 transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂 bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂 late transition metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂 metal complex catalyst［二］茂金属催化剂 metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷 methylaluminoxane, MAOμ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst双金属催化剂 bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属 bridged metallocene限定几何构型茂金属催化剂 constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 均相茂金属催化剂 homogeneous metallocene catalyst链引发 chain initiation热引发 thermal initiation染料敏化光引发 dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引发 charge transfer initiation诱导期 induction period引发剂效率 initiator efficiency诱导分解 induced decomposition再引发 reinitiation链增长 chain growth, chain propagation增长链端 propagating chain end活性种 reactive species活性中心 active center持续自由基 persistent radical聚合最高温度 ceilling temperature of polymerization链终止 chain termination双分子终止 bimolecular termination初级自由基终止 primary radical termination扩散控制终止 diffusion controlled termination歧化终止 disproportionation termination偶合终止 coupling termination单分子终止 unimolecular termination自发终止 spontaneous termination终止剂 terminator链终止剂 chain terminating agent假终止 pseudotermination自发终止 self termination自由基捕获剂 radical scavenger旋转光闸法 rotating sector method自由基寿命 free radical lifetime凝胶效应 gel effect自动加速效应 autoacceleration effect链转移 chain transfer链转移剂 chain transfer agent尾咬转移 backbitting transfer退化链转移 degradation (degradative) chain transfer加成断裂链转移［反应］ addition fragmentation chain transfer 链转移常数 chain transfer constant①缓聚作用②延迟作用 retardation阻聚作用 inhibition缓聚剂 retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂 retarding agent阻聚剂 inhibitor封端［反应］ end capping端基 terminal group聚合动力学 polymerization kinetics聚合热力学 polymerization thermodynamics聚合热 heat of polymerization共聚合［反应］ copolymerization二元共聚合 binary copolymerization三元共聚合 ternary copolymerization竞聚率 reactivity ratio自由基共聚合 radical copolymerization离子共聚合 ionic copolymerization无规共聚合 random copolymerization理想共聚合 ideal copolymerization交替共聚合 alternating copolymerization恒［组］分共聚合 azeotropic copolymerization 接枝共聚合 graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合 block copolymerization开环共聚合 ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程 copolymerization equation共缩聚 copolycondensation逐步共聚合 step copolymerization同种增长 homopropagation自增长 self propagation交叉增长 cross propagation前末端基效应 penultimate effect交叉终止 cross terminationQ值 Q valuee值 e valueQ,e概念 Q, e scheme序列长度分布 sequence length distribution侧基反应 reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂 chain extender交联 crosslinking化学交联 chemical crosslinking自交联 self crosslinking光交联 photocrosslinking交联度 degree of crosslinking硫化 vulcanization固化 curing硫［黄］硫化 sulfur vulcanization促进硫化 accelerated sulfur vulcanization过氧化物交联 peroxide crosslinking无规交联 random crosslinking交联密度 crosslinking density交联指数 crosslinking index解聚 depolymerization①降解②退化 degradation链断裂 chain breaking解聚酶 depolymerase细菌降解 bacterial degradation生物降解 biodegradation化学降解 chemical degradation辐射降解 radiation degradation断链降解 chain scission degradation自由基链降解 free radical chain degradation无规降解 random degradation水解降解 hydrolytic degradation热降解 thermal degradation热氧化降解 thermal oxidative degradation光降解 photodegradation光氧化降解 photo oxidative degradation力化学降解 mechanochemical degradation接枝聚合 graft polymerization活化接枝 activation grafting接枝点 grafting site链支化 chain branching支化度 degree of branching接枝效率 efficiency of grafting接枝度 grafting degree辐射诱导接枝 radiation induced grafting嵌段聚合 block polymerization－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－通用类：高分子 macromolecule, polymer超高分子 supra polymer天然高分子 natural polymer无机高分子 inorganic polymer有机高分子 organic polymer无机-有机高分子 inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物 organometallic polymer元素高分子 element polymer高聚物 high polymer聚合物 polymer低聚物 oligomer二聚体 dimer三聚体 trimer调聚物 telomer预聚物 prepolymer均聚物 homopolymer无规聚合物 random polymer无规卷曲聚合物 random coiling polymer头-头聚合物 head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物 head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物 tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物 transtactic polymer。

--- 均方末端距mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距- 非交联的uncross-linked 非交联的- 三维有序的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的- 三乙基硼氟酸羊triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊 - 射线光X-ray x 射线 x 光- 缨状微束理论fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论- 折叠链片晶理论folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论 - 逐步聚合step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合（表面）发粘的, 粘连性tacky （表面）发粘的 , 粘连性（空间）排布，排列arrangement （空间）排布，排列（链）引发initiation （链）引发（链）终止terminate （链）终止（链）转移，（热）传递transfer （链）转移，（热）传递（生）面团，揉好的面dough （生）面团，揉好的面 (作用于分子间的intermolecular (作用于分子间的氨基，氨基的amino 氨基，氨基的氨基甲酸酯urethane 氨基甲酸酯把…相互连接起来连接interlink 把…相互连接起来连接半晶semicrystalline 半晶半径radius 半径饱和saturation 饱和苯基锂phenyllithium 苯基锂苯基钠phenyl sodium 苯基钠变化，改变variation 变化，改变变形deformation 形变变形性，变形能力deformability 变形性，变形能力表面活性剂surfactant 表面活性剂表征成为…的特征characterize 表征成为…的特征玻璃（态）的glassy 玻璃态的玻璃化温度glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度玻璃态glassy 玻璃（态）的玻璃态的glassy state 玻璃态不饱和的unsaturated 不饱和的不规则性，不均匀的irregularity 不规则性，不均匀的不均匀的，非均匀的heterogeneous 不均匀的，非均匀的不了或缺的indispensable 不了或缺的不完全的imperfect 不完全的参数parameter 参数侧基pendant group 侧基缠结，纠缠entanglement 缠结，纠缠产率yield 产率超声波ultrasonic 超声波超速离心（分离）ultracentrifugation 超速离心（分离）撤出evacuate 撤出沉淀，澄清settle 沉淀，澄清沉降（法）sedimentation 沉降（法）衬里，贴面line 衬里，贴面成分ingredient 成分成型shaping 成型尺寸dimension 尺寸尺寸稳定性dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性稠度，粘稠度consistency 稠度，粘稠度纯度purity 纯度醇（碱金属）烯催化剂Alfin catalyst 醇（碱金属）烯催化剂催化剂，触媒catalyst 催化剂，触媒脆的，易碎的brittle 脆的，易碎的错位，位错dislocation 错位，位错大分子，高分子macromelecule 大分子，高分子单官能度的monofunctional 单官能度的单键single bond 单键单体monomer 单体单轴的uniaxial 单轴的弹性模量elastic modulus 弹性模量弹性体elastomer 弹性体弹性指数slastic parameter 弹性指数当量的，化学计算量的stoichiometric 当量的，化学计算量的导电材料conductive material 导电材料等规立构的isotactic 等规立构的丁二烯butadiene 丁二烯丁基锂butyllithium 丁基锂定向，取向orient 定向，取向定向orientation 定向动力学kinetics 动力学动力学链长kinetic chain length 动力学链长断裂rupture 断裂堆积物，沉积deposit 堆积物，沉积堆砌packing 堆砌多分散的polydisperse 多分散的多分散性polydispersity 多分散性多官能度的polyfunctional 多官能度的多孔性，孔隙率porosity 多孔性，孔隙率二（元）胺diamine 二（元）胺二（元）醇diol 二（元）醇二（元）酸diacid 二（元）酸二次成型secondary shaping operation 二次成型二聚物（体）dimer 二聚物（体）二烯烃diolefin 二烯烃二元的dibasic 二元的反应物，试剂reactent 反应物，试剂反应性，活性reactivity 反应性，活性反应性的，活性的reactive 反应性的，活性的芳香（族）的aromatic 芳香（族）的非弹性的nonelastic 非弹性的分级fractionation 分级分解，分散，分离disintegrate 分解，分散，分离分解decomposition 分解分类（法）categorization 分类（法）分散剂dispersant 分散剂分子量molecular weight distribution 分子量分布分子量分布molecular weight 分子量粉状的powdery 粉状的副作用side reaction 副作用改性modify 改性隔离基团spacer group 隔离基团各项同性的isotropic 各项同性的功能聚合物functional polymer 功能聚合物功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物共聚（合）copolymerization 共聚（合）共聚物copolymer 共聚物构象conformation 构象固有的intrinsic 固有的官能团functional group 官能团光敏剂photosensitizer 光敏剂光气，碳酰氯phosgene 光气，碳酰氯光散射light scattering 光散射合成synthesis 合成合成synthesize 合成合成的synthetic 合成的核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振核径迹探测器nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器红外光谱法infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法花纹，图样式样pattern 花纹，图样式样缓释剂corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂机理mechanism 机理基体，结晶crystal 基体，结晶基体，母体，基质，矩阵matrix 基体，母体，基质，矩阵挤出extrusion 注射成型挤压squeeze 挤压加成聚合物，加聚物addition polymer 加成聚合物，加聚物加工，成型processing 加工，成型加重，恶化aggravate 加重，恶化夹杂（带）的occluded 夹杂（带）的假定的，理想的，有前提的hypothetical 假定的，理想的，有前提的间歇式的intermittent 间歇式的碱金属alkali metal 碱金属键断裂能bond dissociation energy 键断裂能降解depropagation 降解交联crosslinking 交联胶体colloid 胶体搅拌agitation 搅拌结构，组织texture 结构，组织结晶的crystalline 晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的结晶性，结晶度crystallinity 结晶性，结晶度解除，松开release 解除，松开解聚depolymerization 解聚介质中等的，中间的medium 介质中等的，中间的界限，范围boundary 界限，范围晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的crystalline 结晶的竞聚率reactivity ratio 竞聚率聚苯烯polypropylene 聚苯烯聚苯乙烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯聚丁烯polybutene 聚丁烯聚合（物）的polymeric 聚合（物）的聚合度degree of polymerization 聚合度聚合物【体】，高聚物polymer 聚合物【体】，高聚物聚氯乙烯polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯聚酰胺polyamide 聚酰胺聚乙烯polyethylene 聚乙烯聚乙烯醇polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇聚酯化（作用）polyesterification 聚酯化（作用）开链unzippering 开链开始，着手commence 开始，着手抗静电剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂抗氧剂antioxidant 抗氧剂抗张强度tensile strength 抗张强度控制释放controlled release 控制释放口模成型dieforming 口模成型扩散diffuse 扩散拉直，拉长stretch 拉直，拉长冷冻水chilled water 冷冻水离解dissociate 离解离心centrifuge 离心离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂离子的ionic polymerization 离子型聚合离子交换树脂ion 离子离子型聚合ionic 离子的理想的，概念的ideal 理想的，概念的力学性能，机械性能mechanical property 力学性能，机械性能立构规整性【度】srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】连锁反应chain reaction 连锁反应链段segment 链段链段segment 链段链间的interchain 链间的链终止chain termination 链终止流动性mobility 流动性流体静力学hydrostatic 流体静力学硫化vulcanization 硫化络合物complex 络合物氯（气）chlorine 氯（气）氯乙烯vinyl 乙烯基（的）密度density 密度密封seal 密封模塑成型moulding 模塑成型模型model 模型逆流countercurrent 逆流黏弹态viscoelastic 黏弹性的黏弹性的viscoelastic state 黏弹态黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量黏均分子量viscosity 黏度黏流态viscofluid state 黏流态凝胶 gel 凝胶农药，化肥 agrochemical 排列成行 align 配方 formulation 喷洒sprinkle 喷洒片晶 platelet 片晶平衡 equilibrium 潜在的 latent 平衡潜在的嵌入，埋入，包埋氢键排列成行配方农药，化肥嵌入，埋入，包埋 imbed 强度 strength 强度氢（气）hydrogen bonding 氢键 hydrogen 缺陷 defect 缺陷氢（气）取代，代替substitution 取代，代替热成型 thermoforming 热固性的 thermoset 热解 pyrolysis 热成型热固性的热解热塑性的热传递 heat transfer 热传递热力学地thermondynamically 热力学地热塑性的 thermoplastic 溶剂 solvent 溶解 dissolution 溶解度 solubility 溶胀 swell 熔化的 molten 柔量 compliance 溶胀熔化的柔量溶剂溶解溶解度溶胀的 swollen 溶胀的柔软的 flexible 柔软的三苯甲基钾 triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾三聚物（体）trimer 三聚物（体）三氯化铁三元的，叔（特）的三氯化铁 titanium trichloride 三元的，叔（特）的 tertiary 筛子，筛分scalp 熵 entropy 熵伸长率，延伸率 elongation 渗透性 permeability 渗透性生物（学）的 biological 生物医学的 biomedical 食盐 common salt 食盐生长链，活性链growing chain 生物（学）的生物医学的生长链，活性链伸长率，延伸率筛子，筛分使…变形，扭曲 distort 使脱氢 dehydrogenate 收缩 retract 收缩使…变形，扭曲使脱氢数均分子量使…溶解 dissolve 使…溶解数均分子量 number average molecular weight 双键 double bond 双键四氯化钛 titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛四氢呋喃 tetrahydrofuran 塑料 plastics 塑料碎屑，碎片 fragment 羧基 carboxyl 羧基羧基酸 hydocy acid 羧基酸缩（合）聚（合）polycondensation 缩合聚合物，缩聚物condensation polymer 太阳能 solar energy 太阳能炭 char 炭特性 peculiarity 烃基hydroxyl 统计的 statistical 涂覆 coating 涂覆脱单塔 stripping tower 脱水 dewater 脱水外形，轮廓 contour 外形，轮廓烷基铝 aluminum alkyl 微晶 crystallite 稳定剂stabilizer 稳定性 stability 稳定性污物 contaminant 污物无定型的，非晶体的amorphous 无规降解 random decomposition 无规立构的 atactic 无规立构的无规线团random coil 无规线团无机聚合物 inorganic polymer 烯丙基 allyl 烯丙基烯烃的olefinic 烯烃的细分区分 subdivide 纤维 fiber 线团 coil 线团纤维细分区分微晶稳定剂烷基铝脱单塔特性烃基同时，同步统计的碎屑，碎片四氢呋喃缩（合）聚（合）缩合聚合物，缩聚物同时，同步 simultaneously 无定型的，非晶体的无规降解无机聚合物酰胺化（作用）amidation 酰胺化（作用）线团状的 coiling 线团状的相互作用相互作用 interaction 橡胶 rubber 橡胶想象，推测 imagine 想象，推测橡胶态的 rubbery 橡胶态的消除，打开，除去eliminate 形变 deformation 变形形态（学）morphology 形态（学）型柸 parison 型柸性能，行为 behavior 性能，行为性能，特征 performance 性能，特征絮凝剂flocculating agent 压延 calendering 衍射 diffraction 氧鎓羊 oxonium 药品，药物 drug 液晶 liquid crystal 液晶依数性 colligative 乙烯基醚 vinyl chloride 异丁烯 isobutylene 异氰酸酯 isocyanate 阴（负）离子的 anionic 引发剂 initiator 引发剂引力，吸引attraction 硬度 hardness 油轮，槽车 tanker 淤浆 slurry 淤浆硬度油轮，槽车引力，吸引异丁烯异氰酸酯阴（负）离子的依数性乙烯基醚氯乙烯异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属乙烯基（的）vinyl ether 压延成型压延衍射氧鎓羊药品，药物，药物的，医药的药品，药物絮凝剂旋转，回旋 gyration 旋转，回旋压延成型calendering 消除，打开，除去小球，液滴，颗粒 globule 小球，液滴，颗粒阳（正）离子的 cationic 阳（正）离子的药品，药物，药物的，医药的pharmaceutical 异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属 isopropylate 有规立构的，立构规整性的stereoregular 有规立构的，立构规整性的运动，流动 mobilize 运动，流动杂质impurity 杂质载体 carrier 载体增进，改善 improve 增进，改善粘稠的 viscous 粘稠的照射，辐射 irradiation 真是的 real 真是的照射，辐射争论，争议 controversy 争论，争议正[阳]离子 cation 正[阳]离子正的，阳（性）的 positive 正的，阳（性）的脂肪（族）的 aliphatic 脂肪（族）的酯化（作用）esterification 酯化（作用）中性的 neutral 中性的重复单元重均分子量主链，骨干助催化剂挤出转化率转化自由基聚合种类，类型 category 种类，类型重复单元 repeating unit 主链，骨干 backbone 助催化剂 cocatalyst 注射成型 extrusion 转化 conversion 转化率conversion 转矩 torsion 转矩自由基阻燃剂最佳的，最佳值[点，状态] 最小化最小值，最小的模型活化（作用）重均分子量 weight average molecular weight 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合 radical 阻燃剂 flame retardant 最小化 minimise ( 模型 mo(ulding 最佳的，最佳值[点，状态]optimum 最小值，最小的 minimum 活化（作用）activation 手风琴手风琴。

coextrusion加工 processing 反应性加工 reactive processing 等离子体加工 plasma processing 加工性 processability 熔体流动指数 melt [flow] index 门尼粘度 Mooney index塑化 plasticizing 增塑作用 plasticization 内增塑作用internal plasticization 外增塑作用 externalplasticization 增塑溶胶 plastisol 增强 reinforcing 增容作用 compatibilization 相容性 compatibility 相溶性intermiscibility 生物相容性 biocompatibility 血液相容性blood compatibility 组织相容性 tissue compatibility 混炼 milling, mixing 素炼 mastication 塑炼 plastication 过炼 dead milled 橡胶配合 rubber compounding 共混blend 捏和 kneading 冷轧 cold rolling 压延性calenderability 压延 calendaring 埋置 embedding 压片 performing 模塑 molding 模压成型 compressionmolding 压缩成型 compression forming 冲压模塑impact moulding, shock moulding 叠模压塑 stackmoulding 复合成型 composite molding 注射成型injection molding 注塑压缩成型 injection compressionmolding 射流注塑 jet molding 无流道冷料注塑runnerless injection molding 共注塑 coinjectionmolding 气辅注塑 gas aided injection molding 注塑焊接 injection welding 传递成型 transfer molding树脂传递成型 resin transfer molding铸塑cast熔铸 fusion casting铸塑成型 cast molding单体浇铸 monomer casting挤出 extrusion多层挤塑 multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑 coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑 coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑 blown extrusion挤出吹塑 extrusion blow molding 挤拉吹塑成型extrusion draw blow molding吹塑 blow molding多层吹塑 multi-layer blow molding 拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow molding 滚塑 rotational moulding反应注射成型reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型vacuum forming无压成型zero ressure molding真空烧结vacuum sintering真空袋成型vacuum bag molding热成型thermal forming拉伸热成型stretch thermoforming袋模塑bag molding糊塑paste molding镶铸imbedding冲压成型impact molding触压成型impression molding层压材料laminate泡沫塑料成型foam molding包模成型drape molding充气吹胀inflation橡胶胶乳rubber latex胶乳latex高分子胶体polymer colloid生橡胶raw rubber ，crude rubber硬质胶ebonite再生胶reclaimed rubber充油橡胶oil-extended rubber母胶masterbatch硫化vulcanization后硫化post cure , post vulcanization 自硫［化］bin cure自交联self crosslinking , self curing过硫over cure返硫reversion欠硫under cure动态硫化dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化heterogeneous vulcanization开始［硫化］效应set-up effect自动硫化self-curing, self-vulcanizing焦烧scorching无压硫化non-pressure cure模压硫化moulding curing常温硫化auto-vulcanization热硫化heat curing蒸汽硫化steam curing微波硫化micro wave curing辐射硫化radiation vulcanization辐射交联radiation crosslinking连续硫化continuous vulcanization无模硫化open vulcanization成纤fiber forming 可纺性spinnability 纺丝spinning 干纺dry spinning 湿纺wet spinning 干湿法纺丝dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝solution spinning孚L液纺丝emulsion spinning孚L液闪蒸纺丝法e mulsion flash spinning process喷射纺丝jet spinning喷纺成形spray spinning液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝blended spinning 凝胶纺［丝］gel spinning 反应纺丝reaction spinning静电纺丝electrostatic spinning高压纺丝high-pressure spinning复合纺丝conjugate spinning无纺布non-woven fabrics单丝monofilament, monofil复丝multifilament全取向丝fully oriented yarn中空纤维hollow fiber皮芯纤维sheath core fiber共纺cospinning冷拉伸cold drawing, cold stretching单轴拉伸uniaxial drawing ，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸biaxial drawing多轴拉伸multiaxial drawing皮心效应skin and core effect皮层效应skin effect防缩non-shrink熟成ripening垂挂sag定型sizing起球现象pilling effect捻度twist旦denier特tex纱yarn股strand粘合adhesion反应粘合reaction bonding压敏粘合pressure sensitive adhesion底漆primer浸渍impregnation浸渍树脂solvent impregnated resin基体matrix聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfactant高分子絮凝剂polymeric flocculant预发颗粒pre-expanded bead高分子膜polymeric membraneH-膜H-filmLB 膜Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film)半透膜semipermeable membrane反渗透膜Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜porous membrane各向异性膜anisotropic membrane 正离子交换膜cation exchange membrane 负离子交换膜anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂polymeric adsorbent潜固化剂latent curing agent硫化剂vulcanizing agent给硫剂sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor 硫化促进剂Ivulcanization accelerator 硫化活化齐U vulcanizationactivator 活化促进剂I activating accelerator 活化剂activator防焦剂scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂anti-reversion agent 塑解剂peptizer偶联剂coupling agent硅烷偶联剂silane coupling agent 钛酸酯偶联剂titanate coupling agent 铝酸酯偶联齐U aluminatecoupling agent增塑增容剂plasticizer extender 分散剂dispersantagent结构控制齐U constitution controller 色料colorant荧光增白剂optical bleaching agent 抗降解剂antidegradant 防老剂anti-aging agent防臭氧剂antiozonant除臭剂re-odorant 抗氧齐U antioxidant热稳定剂heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂antistatic additive 抗静电剂antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂ultraviolet stabilizer 紫外光吸收剂ultraviolet absorber润滑剂lubricant 湿润剂wetting agent 隔离剂separant 增韧剂toughening agent 抗冲改性剂impact modifier 消泡剂antifoaming agent 减阻剂drag reducer 破乳剂demulsifier 粘度改进剂viscosity modifier 增稠剂thickening agent, thickener 阻黏剂abhesive 洗脱剂eluant 附聚剂agglomerating agent 后处理剂I after-treating agent 催干剂drier 防结皮剂anti-skinning agent 纺织品整理剂textile finishing agent aggregation聚集体aggregate 凝聚、聚集coalescence 链缠结chain entanglement 凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement 物理缠结physical entanglement 凝聚态condensed state 凝聚过程condensing process 临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition 受限链confined chain 受限态confined state数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass重均分子量weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar massZ 均分子量Z（Zaverage）-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass黍占均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight , viscosity-average molar mass 聚合度degree of polymerization分子量分布molecular weight distribution , MWD多分散性指数polydispersity index , PID结晶聚合物crystalline polymer聚合物形态学morphology of polymer成核作用nucleation分子成核作用molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation织构texture液晶态liquid crystal state相分离phase separation微相microphase最低临界共溶（溶解）温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶（溶解）温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 橡胶态rubber state 玻璃态glassy state 高弹态elastomeric state 黍占流态viscous flow state 伸长elongation 高弹形变high elastic deformation 回缩性，弹性复原nerviness 拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio 泊松比Poisson's ratio 杨氏模量Young's modulus本体模量bulk modulus颈缩现象necking脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition压缩强度compressive strength 氏硬度Rockwell hardness延迟弹性retarded elasticity可逆形变reversible deformation 应力开裂stress cracking应力-应变曲线stress strain curve假塑性pseudoplastic拉胀性auxiticity牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 剪切黏度shear viscosity表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformation塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxation拉伸黏度extensional viscosity弛豫［作用］relaxation弛豫模量relaxation modulus蠕变柔量creep compliance热畸变温度heat distortion temperature 弛豫谱relaxation spectrum推迟［时间］谱retardation ［time］ spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推迟时间retardation time动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior 动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity 热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve 动态转变dynamic transition储能模量storage modulus损耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex compliance动态黏度dynamic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity 介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor 介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant 介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time 玻璃化转变glass transition 玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature次级弛豫secondary relaxation 次级转变secondary transition次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature 开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时-温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle平移因子shift factor WLF 公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation 软化温度softening temperature平衡熔点equilibrium melting point计算机模拟computer simulation分子动力学模拟molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟Monte Carlo simulation。

05. 高分子化学05.1 高分子物质brush polymercoiling type polymer05.2 聚合与高分子化学反应5 三官能［基］单体trifunctional monomer6 乙烯基单体vinyl monomervinylidene monomer 1,1-亚乙烯基单体，7偏［二］取代乙烯单体vinylene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，81,2-二取代乙烯单体9 双烯单体，二烯单体diene monomer10 极性单体polar monomer11 非极性单体non polar monomer12 共轭单体conjugated monomer13 非共轭单体non conjugated monomer14 活化单体activated monomer15 官能单体functional monomer16 大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17 环状单体cyclic monomer18 共聚单体comonomer19 聚合［反应］polymerization20 均聚反应homopolymerizationoligomerization低聚反应，21齐聚反应(曾用名)22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名)dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerizationpolyaddition聚加成反应，101逐步加成聚合(曾用名)102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，108polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, 109ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization 115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiatorcharge transfer complex, CTC电荷转移复合物，155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst 177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constantretardation①缓聚作用221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics 230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation279 断链降解chain scission degradation280 自由基链降解free radical chain degradation05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit 179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit 187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure 207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model 216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal 217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal 218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal 219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal 220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure 222远程结构long-range structure 223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation 225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization 227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth229外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilizationlower critical solution temperature, LCST 260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation05.4 高分子加工技术和应用。

（包含：一高分子化学二高分子反应三高分子物理四高分子加工技术和应用四大部分的全部词汇~~）一高分子化学coiling type polymer二高分子反应15官能单体functional monomer16大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17环状单体cyclic monomer18共聚单体comonomer19聚合［反应］polymerization20均聚反应homopolymerizationoligomerization低聚反应，21齐聚反应 (曾用名)22调聚反应telomerization23自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24预聚合prepolymerization25后聚合post polymerization26再聚合repolymerization27铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28链［式］聚合chain polymerization29烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，free radical polymerization,游离基聚合 (曾用名)radical polymerizationcontrolled radical polymerization，CRP 控制自由基聚合，33可控自由基聚合34活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，35ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical 36polymerization， RATRP可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chain 37transfer，RAFT38氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization 40polymerization41自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合，dead end polymerization43死端聚合 (曾用名)44光［致］聚合photo polymerization45光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47四中心聚合four center polymerization48电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50热聚合thermal polymerization51电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，54ROMP55精密聚合precision polymerization56环化聚合cyclopolymerization57拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61离子对聚合ion pair polymerizationcationic polymerization正离子聚合，62阳离子聚合63碳正离子聚合carbenium ionpolymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization 66活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization 72负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization 73烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74活［性］聚合living polymerization75两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77配位聚合coordination polymerization78配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization 80配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization 81插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselectivepolymerization88对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93消除聚合elimination polymerization94模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95插层聚合intercalation polymerization96无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97开环聚合ring opening polymerization98活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization 99不死的聚合immortal polymerization100酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合 (曾用名)polyaddition102偶联聚合coupling polymerization103序列聚合sequential polymerization104闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization 107逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification typepolymerization,ester exchange polycondensation110自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass 114polymerization115固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118溶液聚合solution polymerization119沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension 122polymerization珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl 123polymerization124分散聚合dispersion polymerization125反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126种子聚合seeding polymerization127乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131连续聚合continuous polymerization132半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134原位聚合in situ polymerization135均相缩聚homopolycondensation136活化缩聚activated polycondensation137熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation 140界面聚合interfacial polymerization141界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145引发剂initiator146引发剂活性activity of initiator147聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148自由基引发剂radical initiator149偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator1502,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153复合引发体系complex initiation system154氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，charge transfer complex, CTC155电荷转移络合物156聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157光敏引发剂photoinitiator双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator， difunctional 158initiator159三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160大分子引发剂macroinitiator161引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, 162iniferter163光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166正离子引发剂cationic initiator167负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168共引发剂coinitiator169烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst化剂180双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocenecatalyst183均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184链引发chain initiation185热引发thermal initiation186染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation 187电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188诱导期induction period189引发剂效率initiator efficiency190诱导分解induced decomposition191再引发reinitiation192链增长chain growth, chain propagation 193增长链端propagating chain end194活性种reactive species195活性中心active center196持续自由基persistent radical197聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198链终止chain termination199双分子终止bimolecular termination200初级自由基终止primary radical termination201扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202歧化终止disproportionation termination203偶合终止coupling termination204单分子终止unimolecular termination205自发终止spontaneous termination206终止剂terminator207链终止剂chain terminating agent208假终止pseudotermination209自发终止self termination210自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211旋转光闸法rotating sector method212自由基寿命free radical lifetime213凝胶效应gel effect214自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215链转移chain transfer216链转移剂chain transfer agent217尾咬转移backbitting transfer退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain 218transfer219加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用retardation221②延迟作用222阻聚作用inhibition223缓聚剂retarder224缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225阻聚剂inhibitor226封端［反应］end capping227端基terminal group228聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics230聚合热heat of polymerization231共聚合［反应］copolymerization232二元共聚合binary copolymerization233三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234竞聚率reactivity ratio235自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237无规共聚合random copolymerization238理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244共聚合方程copolymerization equation245共缩聚copolycondensation246逐步共聚合step copolymerization247同种增长homopropagation248自增长self propagation249交叉增长cross propagation250前末端基效应penultimate effect251交叉终止cross termination252Q值Q value253e值e value254Q,e概念Q, e scheme255序列长度分布sequence length distribution256侧基反应reaction of pendant group257扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258交联crosslinking259化学交联chemical crosslinking260自交联self crosslinking261光交联photocrosslinking262交联度degree of crosslinking263硫化vulcanization264固化curing265硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268无规交联random crosslinking269交联密度crosslinking density270交联指数crosslinking index271解聚depolymerization272①降解②退化degradation273链断裂chain breaking274解聚酶depolymerase275细菌降解bacterial degradation276生物降解biodegradation277化学降解chemical degradation278辐射降解radiation degradation279断链降解chain scission degradation280自由基链降解free radical chain degradation 281无规降解random degradation282水解降解hydrolytic degradation283热降解thermal degradation284热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation 285光降解photodegradation286光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation 287力化学降解mechanochemical degradation 288接枝聚合graft polymerization289活化接枝activation grafting三高分子物理16二单元组diad17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain 22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain 23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement 34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain。

高分子化学专业术语中英文对照中英文对照加聚反应Addition Polymerization加聚物Addition Polymer粘结剂Adhesive老化Ageing交替共聚物Alternating Copolymer交替共聚Alternating Copolymerization无定型态Amorphous State阴离子聚合Anionic Polymerization无规立构Atactic无规立构聚合物Atactic Polymer原子转移自由基聚合Auto Transfer Radical Polymerization, ATRP 自动加速Auto-acceleration平均官能度Average Functionality恒比共聚Azeotropic Copolymerization恒比点Azeotropic Point支化型聚合物Branched Polymer共混改性Blending Modificatioon嵌段共聚物Block Copolymer本体聚合Bulk or Mass Polymerization笼蔽效应Cage Effect碳链聚合物Carbon Chain Polymer阳离子聚合Cationic Polymerization扩链Chain Extension链节Chain Element链引发Chain Initiation连锁聚合Chain Polymerization链增长Chain Propagation链终止Chain Termination链转移Chain Transfer链转移剂Chain Transfer Agent手性中心Chiral Center顺丁橡胶cis-1,4-Polybutadiene rubber,BR涂料Coatings共缩聚Co-condensation Polymerization梳形聚合物Comb-shaped Polymer络合聚合Complexing Polymerization缩聚反应Condensation Polymerization构型异构Configurational Isomerism构象异构Conformational Isomerism转化率Conversion配位聚合Coordination Polymerization共聚物Copolymer共聚合Copolymerization共聚组成Copolymer Composition偶合终止Coupling Termination反离子Counterion临界胶束浓度Critical Micelle Concentration, CMC 交联Crosslinking结晶态Crystalline Morphology降解Degradation聚合度Degree of Polymerization, DP树枝状聚合物Dendritic Polymer解聚Depolymerization分散剂Dispersant歧化终止Disproportionation Termination元素有机高分子Elementary Organic Polymer乳化作用Emulsification乳化剂Emulsifier乳液聚合Emulsion Polymerization乳胶粒Emulsion Particle对映体异构Enantiomer Isomerism环氧树脂Epoxy Resin端基End Group平衡缩聚Equilibrium Polycondensation过量分率Excessive Ratio反应程度Extent of Reaction纤维Fiber功能材料Functional Material功能高分子Functional Polymer官能度Functionality, f几何异构Geometrical Isomerism凝胶点Gel point, Pc凝胶效应Gel Effect凝胶化Gelation玻璃化温度Glass Transition Temperature, Tg 接枝聚合Graft Copolymerization接枝共聚物Graft Copolymer半衰期Half-life杂链聚合物Hetero-chain Polymer高密度聚乙烯High Density Polyethylene HDPE 高抗冲聚苯乙烯High Impact Polystyrene, HIPS 均相成核Homogenous Nucleation均聚物Homopolymer均聚合Homopolymerization均缩聚Homopolycondensation理想共聚Ideal Copolymerization理想恒比共聚Ideal Azeotropic Copolymerization 诱导期Induction Period诱导分解Induced Decomposition阻聚剂Inhibitor阻聚作用Inhibition引发剂Initiator引发效率Initiator Efficiency无机高分子Inorganic Polymer插入聚合Insertion Polymerization原位复合In-situ Compounding界面缩聚Interfacial Polycondensation互穿网络Interpenetrating Polymer Network 离子聚合Ionic Polymerization离子对Ion-pair异构化聚合Isomerization Polymerization等规立构Isotactic等规度Isotacticity动力学链长Kinetic Chain Length梯形聚合物Ladder Polymer自由基寿命Life-time of Free Radical线型缩聚Linear Polycondensation线型聚合物Linear Polymer活性聚合Living Polymerization“活性”/可控自由基聚合“Living”/Controlled Polymerization 低密度聚乙烯Low Density Polyethylene LDPE 高分子（大分子）Macromolecule主链Main Chain熔融缩聚Melt Polycondensation茂金属引发剂Metallocene Initiator胶束成核Micelle Nucleation混缩聚Mixing Polycondensation摩尔系数Molar Coefficient单体Monomer单体单元Monomer Unit单体液滴Monomer Droplet天然高分子Natural Polymer邻位基团效应Neighboring Group Effect交联型聚合物Network Structure Polymer非理想共聚Non-ideal Copolymerization非理想恒比共聚Non-ideal Azeotropic Copolymerization 线型酚醛树脂Novolacs尼龙Nylon尼龙-6 Nylon-6, PA-6尼龙-66 Nylon-66, PA-66光学异构Optical Isomerism齐聚物（低聚物）Oligomer氧化偶合反应Oxidative Coupling Polymerization前末端效应Penultimate Effect光引发Photo initiation塑料Plastics聚酰胺Polyamide, PA聚加成反应Polyaddition Reaction聚碳酸酯Polycarbonate, PC聚酯Polyester, PET聚醚Polyether聚合物Polymer聚合物合金Polymer Alloy高分子化学Polymer Chemistry聚苯乙烯Polystyrene, PS聚乙烯Polythene PE聚氨酯Polyurethane聚氯乙烯Polyvinyl Chloride, PVC 几率效应Probable Effect辐射引发Radiation Initiation自由基聚合Radical Polymerization 无规聚合物Random Copolymer无规预聚物Random Prepolymer竞聚率Reactivity Ratios重复单元Repeating Unit缓聚作用Retardation缓聚剂Retarder可逆加成-断裂转移自由基聚合Reversible Addition Fragmentation Transfer, RAFT开环聚合Ring-Opening Polymerization 橡胶Rubber半梯形聚合物Semiladder Polymer侧链Side Chain侧基Side Group固相缩聚Solid Phase Polycondensation 溶液缩聚Solution Polycondensation溶液聚合Solution Polymerization星形聚合物Star-shaped Polymer逐步聚合Step Polymerization立体异构Stereo isomerism有规立构聚合物Stereo-regular Polymer有规立构聚合Stereo-regular Polymerization 定向聚合Stereo-specific Polymerization位阻效应Steric Effect结构单元Structural Unit结构材料Structural Material结构预聚物Structural Prepolymer丁苯橡胶Styrene-Butadiene Rubbers,SBR悬浮聚合Suspension Polymerization增溶胶束Swollen Micelle间规立构Syndiotactic间规度Syndiotacticity间规聚苯乙烯Syndiotactic Polystyrene合成高分子Synthetic Polymer遥爪聚合物T elechelic Polymer涤纶Terylene or Poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET 热引发Thermal Initiation热塑性聚合物Thermoplastic Polymer热固性聚合物Thermosetting Polymer体型缩聚Three Dimensional PolycondensationZigler-Natta引发剂Zigler-Natta -Initiator。

高分子物理名词解释Θ溶剂(Θ solvent)：链段-溶剂相互吸引刚好抵消链段间空间排斥的溶剂，形成高分子溶液时观察不到远程作用，该溶剂中的高分子链的行为同无扰链2.7Θ温度(Θ temperature)：溶剂表现出Θ溶剂性质的温度2.7Argon理论(Argon theory)：一种银纹扩展过程的模型，描述了分子链被伸展将聚合物材料空化的过程5.3Avrami方程(Avrami equation)：描述物质结晶转化率与时间关系的方程：--α，α为转化率，K与n称Avrami常数(Avrami constants) 4.8 =Kt1n)ex p(Bingham流体(Bingham liquid)：此类流体具有一个屈服应力σy，应力低于σy时不产生形变，当应力大于σy时才发生流动，应力高于σy的部分与应变速率呈线性关系3.13 Boltzmann叠加原理(Blotzmann superposition principle)：Boltzmann提出的粘弹性原理：认为样品在不同时刻对应力或应变的响应各自独立并可线性叠加 3.8Bravais晶格(Bravais lattice)：结构单元在空间的排列方式4.1Burger's模型(Burger's model)：由一个Maxwell模型和一个Kelvin模型串联构成的粘弹性模型3.7Cauchy应变(Cauchy strain)：拉伸引起的相对于样品初始长度的形变分数，又称工程应变3.16Charpy冲击测试(Charpy impact test)：样品以简支梁形式放置的冲击强度测试，测量样品单位截面积的冲击能5.4Considère构图(Considère construction)：以真应力对工程应作图以判定细颈稳定性的方法5.2Eyring模型(Eyring model)：一种描述材料形变过程的分子模型，认为形变是结构单元越过能垒的跳跃式运动5.2Flory-Huggins参数(Flory-Huggins interaction parameter)：描述聚合物链段与溶剂分子间相互作用的参数，常用χ表示，物理意义为一个溶质分子被放入溶剂中作用能变化与动能之比2.11.2Flory构图(Flory construction)：保持固定拉伸比所需的力f对实验温度作图得到，由截距确定内能对拉伸力的贡献，由斜率确定熵对拉伸力的贡献2.16.2Flory特征比(characteristic ratio)：无扰链均方末端距与自由连接链均方末端距的比值2.4 Griffith理论(Griffith theory)：一种描述材料断裂机理的理论，认为断裂是吸收外界能量产生新表面的过程5.4Hencky应变(Hencky strain)：拉伸引起的相对于样品形变分数积分，又称真应变3.16 Hermans取向因子(Hermans orientation factor)：描述结构单元取向程度的参数，是结构单元与参考方向夹角余弦均方值的函数4.8, 4.10Hoffman-Weeks作图法(Hoffman-Weeks plot)：一种确定平衡熔点的方法。

高分子专业术语中英文对照表力口工process ing反应性加工reactive process ing等离子体加工plasma process ing力口工性p rocessability熔体流动指数melt [flow] in dex门尼粘度Moo ney in dex塑化plasticizi ng增塑作用plasticizati on内增塑作用in ternal plasticizatio n夕卜增塑作用exter nal plasticizati on 增塑溶胶plastisol 增强rei nforci ng增容作用compatibilizati on相容性compatibility 相溶性in termiscibility生物相容性biocompatibility血液相容性blood compatibility组织相容性tissue compatibility混炼milli ng, mixi ng素炼masticati on塑炼plasticati on过炼dead milled橡胶配合rubber compo unding共混ble nd捏禾口kn eadi ng冷轧cold rolli ng压延性cale nderability 压延cale nderi ng埋置embeddi ng压片preformi ng模塑moldi ng模压成型compressi on moldi ng压缩成型compressi on forming冲压模塑impact mould ing, shock mould ing叠模压塑stack mouldi ng复合成型composite mold ing注射成型injectio n moldi ng注塑压缩成型injection compressi on mold ing 射流注塑jet moldi ng无流道冷料注塑runn erless injectio n moldi ng共注塑coinjecti on moldi ng气辅注塑gas aided injecti on mold ing注塑焊接injectio n weldi ng传递成型transfer moldi ng树脂传递成型resin transfer moldi ng铸塑cast 熔铸fusion cast ing 铸塑成型cast mold ing单体浇铸mono mer cast ing挤出extrusi on共挤出coextrusi on多层挤塑multi-layer extrusi on共挤吹塑coextrusi on blow moldi ng同轴挤塑coaxial extrusi on吹胀挤塑blow n extrusi on挤出吹塑extrusi on blow moldi ng挤拉吹塑成型extrusi on draw blow moldi ng反应性挤塑reactive extrusi on固相挤出solid-phase extrusi on发泡expa nding foam后发泡post expa nsion 物理发泡physical foam化学发泡chemical foam吹塑blow moldi ng 多层吹塑multi-layer blow moldi ng拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow moldi ng滚塑rotati onal mouldi ng反应注射成型reactio n injectio n moldi ng, RIM 真空成型vacuum formi ng无压成型zero ressure moldi ng真空烧结vacuum sin teri ng真空袋成型vacuum bag moldi ng热成型thermal formi ng 拉伸热成型stretch thermoformi ng袋模塑bag moldi ng 糊塑paste moldi ng镶铸imbedd ing 冲压成型impact moldi ng触压成型impressi on moldi ng层压材料lami nate泡沫塑料成型foam mold ing包模成型drape mold ing充气吹胀in flation橡胶胶乳rubber latex胶乳latex 高分子胶体polymer colloid生橡胶raw rubber , crude rubber硬质胶ebo nite再生胶reclaimed rubber 充油橡胶oil-exte nded rubber 母胶masterbatch 交联crossli nking 固化cure 光固化photo-cure硫化vulca ni zati on后硫化post cure , post vulcanization自硫［化］bin cure 自交联self crossli nking , selfcuri ng过硫over cure返硫reversi on欠硫un der cure动态硫化dyn amic vulca ni zati on不均匀硫化heteroge neous vulca ni zati on开始［硫化］效应set-up effect自动硫化self-curi ng, self-vulca nizing 焦烧scorch ing无压硫化non-pressure cure模压硫化mouldi ng curi ng常温硫化auto-vulca ni zati on热硫化heat curi ng 蒸汽硫化steam curi ng微波硫化micro wave curi ng辐射硫化radiati on vulca ni zatio n辐射交联radiati on crossli nking连续硫化con ti nu ous vulca ni zati on无模硫化ope n vulca ni zati on成纤fiber formi ng 可纺性sp inn ability 纺丝spinning 干纺dry spinning湿纺wet spinning干湿法纺丝dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning 溶液纺丝soluti on spinning孚L液纺丝emulsi on spinning孚L液闪蒸纺丝法emulsi on flash spinning process 喷射纺丝jet spi nning喷纺成形spray spinning液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝ble nded spinning凝胶纺［丝］gel spinning 反应纺丝reaction spinning静电纺丝electrostatic spinning高压纺丝high-pressure spinning复合纺丝conjugate spinning无纺布non-wove n fabrics单丝mono filame nt, monofil复丝multifilame nt全取向丝fully orie nted y arn中空纤维hollow fiber皮芯纤维sheath core fiber共纺cosp inning 冷拉伸cold draw ing, cold stretch ing 单轴拉伸un iaxial draw ing，un iaxial elon gati on 双轴拉伸biaxial draw ing多轴拉伸multiaxial draw ing皮心效应skin and core effect皮层效应skin effect防缩non-shri nk熟成ripe ning 垂挂sag 定型sizi ng 起球现象pilli ng effect捻度twist 旦denier 特tex 纱yarn 股stra nd 粘合adhesi on 反应粘合reaction bonding压敏粘合pressure sen sitive adhesi on底漆primer 浸渍impreg nati on浸渍树脂solve nt impreg nated resin基体matrix 聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfacta nt 高分子絮凝剂polymeric floccula nt预发颗粒pre-expa nded bead高分子膜polymeric membra neH-膜H-filmLB 膜Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film) 半透膜semipermeable membra ne反渗透膜Reverse osmosis membra nee 多孑L膜porous membra ne各向异性膜ani sotropie membra ne 正离子交换膜eati on exeha nge membra ne负离子交换膜anionic exeha nge membra ne 吸附树脂polymerie adsorbe nt添加剂additive 固化剂euri ng age nt潜固化剂late nt euri ng age nt 硫化剂vulea nizing age nt给硫剂sulfur donor age nt, sulfur donor 硫化促进剂vulea ni zati on aeeelerator硫化活化剂vulea ni zatio n aetivator活化促进剂aetivati ng aeeelerator活化齐U aetivator防焦剂seoreh retarder 抗硫化返原剂an ti-revers ion age nt塑解剂peptizer 偶联剂eoupli ng age nt硅烷偶联剂sila ne eoupli ng age nt 钛酸酯偶联剂tita nate eoupl ing age nt铝酸酯偶联剂alu min ate eoupli ng age nt 增强剂reinforcing age nt增硬剂harde ning age nt惰性填料inert filler增塑剂plastieizer 辅增塑剂eoplastieizer增粘剂taekifier 增容齐U eompatibilizer增塑增容剂plastieizer exte nder分散剂dispersa nt age nt结构控制剂eon stituti on con troller 色料eolora nt荧光增白剂optieal bleaeh ing age nt 抗降解剂an tidegrada nt防老剂an ti-agi ng age nt防臭氧剂an tioz onant抗龟裂剂an tieraek ing age nt抗疲劳剂an ti-fatigue age nt抗微生物剂bioeide防蚀剂an ti-eorrosi onage nt光致抗蚀剂photoresist防霉剂an tiseptie防腐齐U rot resistor防潮剂moisture proof age nt除臭剂re-odora nt抗氧剂an tioxida nt热稳定剂heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂an tistatic additive抗静电剂an tistatic age nt紫外线稳定剂ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂light stabilizer, photostabilizer光屏敝剂light scree ner发泡剂foam ing age nt物理发泡剂physical foaming age nt化学发泡剂chemical foaming age nt脱模剂releas ing age nt内脱模剂internal releas ing age nt外脱模剂exter nal releas ing age nt阻燃剂flame retarda nt防火剂fire retarda nt烧蚀剂ablator润滑剂lubrica nt湿润剂wett ing age nt隔离剂separa nt增韧剂toughe ning age nt抗冲改性齐U impact modifier消泡剂an tifoam ing age nt减阻剂drag reducer破乳剂demulsifier粘度改进剂viscosity modifier增稠剂thicke ning age nt, thicke ner阻黏剂abhesive洗脱剂elua nt附聚剂agglomerat ing age nt后处理剂after-treati ng age nt催干剂drier防结皮剂an ti-sk inning age nt纺织品整理剂textile fi nishi ng age nt高物高化类：结构单元con stituti onal unit重复结构单元con stituti onal repeati ng un it 构型单元con figurati onal un it立构重复单元stereorepeati ng un it立构规整度tacticity等规度，全同立构［规整］度isotacticity间同度，间同立构［规整］度syn diotacticity无规度，无规立构度atacticity嵌段block规整嵌段regular block非规整嵌段irregular block 立构嵌段stereoblock 有规立构嵌段i sotactic block无规立构嵌段atactic block单体单元mono meric un it二单元组diad三单元组triad四单元组tetrad五单元组pen tad无规线团random coil自由连接链freely-jo in ted cha in自由旋转链freely-rotati ng cha in蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain链柔性chai n flexibility刚性链rigid chain棒状链rodlike chain链刚性chain rigidity聚集aggregati on聚集体aggregate凝聚、聚集coalesce nee 链缠结cha in entan gleme nt凝聚缠结cohesi onal entan gleme nt物理缠结physical entan gleme nt拓扌卜缠结topological entan gleme nt凝聚相conden sed phase凝聚态conden sed state凝聚过程condensing process 临界聚集浓度critical aggregatio n concen trati on 线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition受限链confined cha in受限态confined state物理交联physical crossli nking统计线团statistical coil等效链equivale nt cha in统计链段statistical segme nt链段cha in segme nt 链构象cha in con formati on无规线团模型ran dom coil model无规行走模型random walk model 自避随机行走模型 self avoidi ng walk model 卷曲构象coiled con formati on 高斯链 Gaussia n cha in 无扰尺寸un perturbed dime nsion 扰动尺寸 perturbed dime nsion热力学等效球 thermody namically equivale nt sphere近程分子内相互作用 short-ra nge in tramolecular in teract ion远程分子内相互作用Ion g-ra nge in tramolecular in teracti on 链间相互作用in tercha in in teracti on 链间距in tercha in spaci ng 长程有序long range order 近程有序short range order 回转半径radius of gyrati on 末端间矢量en d-to-e nd vector 链末端 cha in end末端距 en d-to-e nd dista nee 无扰末端距 un perturbed en d-to-e nd dista nee均方根末端距 root-mea n-square en d-to-e nd dista nee伸直长度 con tour len gth相关长度 persiste nee len gth主链；链骨架 chain backb one 支链 branch cha in 链支化 cha in branching 短支链 short-cha in branch长支链 Ion g-cha in branch支化系数 branching in dex支化密度 branching den sity支化度 degree of branching交联度 degree of crossli nking网络 network 网络密度 n etwork den sity溶胀 swel ling 平衡溶胀 equilibrium swelli ng分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly 自组装 self assembly微凝胶 microgel凝胶点 gel poi nt reversible gelsol-gel tran sformatio n critical micelle concentration ， CMCcon stituti onal heteroge ni ty, compositi onal heteroge nity molar mass average数均分子量 nu mber-average molecular weight, nu mber-average molar mass重均分子量 weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar massZ 均分子量 Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass可逆［性］凝胶 溶胶-凝胶转化 临界胶束浓度 组成非均一性 摩尔质量黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight , viscosity-average molar mass 表观摩尔质量appare nt molar mass 表观分子量appare nt molecular weight 聚合度 degree of polymerizati on 动力学链长ki netic cha in len gth 单分散性mono dispersity 临界分子量critical molecular weight 分子量分布molecular weight distribution ，MWD 多分散性指数polydispersity index ， PID 平均聚合度average degree of polymerizati on mass distributi on function 数量分布函数nu mber distributio n fun cti on 重量分布函数 weight distributi on functionSchulz-Zimm distributi on最概然分布 most probable distributi on对数正态分布 logarithmic no rmal distributi on聚合物溶液 polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用 polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质 thermody namic quality of solve nt均方末端距 mean square end to end dista nee均方旋转半径 mean square radius of gyrati on B 温度 theta temperature 0 态 theta state 0 溶剂 theta solve nt良溶剂 good solve nt不良溶剂poor solve nt 位力系数Virial coefficie nt 排除体积excluded volume 溶胀因子 expa nsion factor 溶胀度 degree of swelli ng弗洛里-哈金斯理论 Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式 Huggi ns equati on哈金斯系数Huggi ns coefficie nt x 相互作用)参数 x-parameter 溶度参数solubility parameter 摩擦系数 frictio nal coefficie nt流体力学等效球 hydrody namically equivale nt sphere流体力学体积 hydrody namic volume珠-棒模型 bead-rod model 球-簧链模型 ball-spri ng [chai n] model流动双折射 flow birefri ngence, stream ing birefri ngence动态光散射 dyn amic light scatteri ng小角激光光散射low an gle laser light scatteri ng 沉降平衡 sedime ntati on equilibrium 沉降系数 sedime ntati on coefficie nt 沉降速度法 sedime ntati on velocity method 沉降平衡法 sedime ntati on equilibrium method 相对黏度 relative viscosity相对黏度增量 relative viscosity in creme nt 黏度比 viscosity ratio 黏数 viscosity nu 质量分布函数舒尔茨-齐姆分布mber[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer 落球黏度计ball viscometer 落球黏度ball viscosity 本体黏度bulk viscosity比浓黏度reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度in here nt viscosity, logarithmic viscosity nu mber特性黏数intrinsic viscosity,limiting viscosity number黏度函数viscosity function零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity端基分析an alysis of end group蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射cohere nt elastic scatteri ng of radiati on折光指数增量refractive in dex in creme nt 瑞利比Rayleigh ratio 超瑞禾利比excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数particle scatteri ng function粒子散射因子particle scatteri ng factor齐姆图Zimm plot 散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scatteri ng解偏振作用depolarizati on 分级fracti on ati on沉淀分级precipitati on fraction ati on萃取分级extract ion fraction ati on色谱分级chromatographic fraction ati on柱分级colu mn fraction ati on洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractio nation热分级thermal fraction ati on 凝胶色谱法gel chromatography 摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusi on limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solve nt gradie nt [elutio n] chromatography分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusi on limit洗脱体积elution volume普适标定uni versal calibratio n力口宽函数spreadi ng function链车由cha in axis等同周期ide ntity period 链重复距离cha in repeat ing dista nee晶体折叠周期crystalli ne fold period 构象重复单元con formati onal repeat ing unit 几何等效geometrical equivale nee螺旋链helix chain 构型无序c on figurati onal disorder链取向无序cha in orie ntati onal disorder构象无序con formati onal disorder 锯齿链zigzag cha in 双［股］螺旋double stran ded helix［分子］链大尺度取向global chain orien tation结晶聚合物crystalli ne polymer半结晶聚合物semi-crystall ine polymer高分子晶体polymer crystal高分子微晶polymer crystallite结晶度degree of crystall ini ty, crystalli nity 高分子［异质］同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism聚合物形态学morphology of polymer 片晶lamella, lamellar crystal 轴晶axialite 树枝［状］晶体dendrite纤维晶fibrous crystal 串晶结构shish-kebab structure 球晶spherulite 折叠链folded cha in链折叠cha in foldi ng折叠表面fold surface折叠面fold pla ne 折叠微区fold domain相邻再入模型adjace nt re-entry model接线板模型switchboard model缨状微束模型frin ged-micelle model折叠链晶体folded-cha in crystal平行链晶体parallel-cha in crystal伸展链晶体exte nded-cha in crystal球状链晶体globular-cha in crystal长周期long period 近程结构short-ra nge structure远程结构Ion g-ra nge structure成核作用nu cleati on分子成核作用molecular nu cleati on阿夫拉米方程Avrami equatio n主结晶primary crystallizati on 后期结晶sec on dary crystallizati on 外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizati on外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth织构texture 液晶态liquid crystal state 溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相smectic mesophase近晶相smectic phase 条带织构banded texture环带球晶rin ged spherulite向列相n ematic phase盘状相discotic phase解取向disorie ntati on 分聚segregati on 非晶相amorphous phase非晶区amorphous region非晶态amorphous state非晶取向amorphous orie ntati on链段运动segme ntal moti on亚稳态metastable state相分离phase separati on亚稳相分离spino dal decompositi onbimodal decompositi on微相microphase 界面相boun dary phase相容性compatibility 混容性miscibility 不相容性in compatibility不混容性immiscibility增容作用compatiibilizati on最低临界共溶（溶解）温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶（溶解）温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 浓度猝灭concen trati on que nching激基缔合物荧光excimer fluoresce nee激基复合物荧光exciplex fluoresce nee激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser con focal fluoresce nee microscopy单轴取向un iaxial orie ntati on双轴取向biaxial orie ntatio n, biorie ntati on取向度degree of orie ntati on橡胶态rubber state玻璃态glassy state高弹态elastomeric state黏流态viscous flow state伸长elon gati on高弹形变high elastic deformati on回缩性，弹性复原nervi ness拉伸比draw ratio, exte nsion ratio泊松比Poiss on's ratio杨氏模量Youn g's modulus本体模量bulk modulus剪切模量shear modulus法向应力no rmal stress剪切应力shear stress剪切应变shear stra in屈服yieldi ng颈缩现象n eck ing屈服应力yield stress屈服应变yield strain脆性断裂brittle fracture脆性开裂brittle crack ing脆-韧转变brittle ductile tran siti on脆化温度brittle ness(brittle) temperature 延性破裂ductile fracture冲击强度impact stre ngth拉伸强度ten sile stre ngth极限拉伸强度ultimate ten sile stre ngth抗撕强度teari ng stre ngth弯曲强度flexural stre ngth, bending strength弯曲模量bending modulus弯曲应变bending stra in弯曲应力bending stress收缩开裂shri nkage crack剪切强度shear stre ngth剥离强度peeli ng stre ngth疲劳强度fatigue stre ngth, fatigue resista nee挠曲deflection压缩强度compressive stre ngth压缩永久变形compressi on set压缩变形compressive deformati on压痕硬度inden tati on hard ness洛氏硬度Rockwell hard ness布氏硬度Brin ell hard ness抗刮性scrath resista nee断裂力学fracture mecha nics力学破坏mecha ni cal failure应力强度因子stress inten sity factor 断裂伸长屈服强度断裂韧性弹性形变弹性滞后elon gatio n at break yield stre ngth fracture tough ness elastic deformati on elastic hysteresis弹性elasticity弹性模量弹性回复modulus of elasticity elastic recovery不可回复形变irrecoverable deformatio n 裂缝crack银纹craze形变；变形deformati on永久变形剩余变形剩余伸长deformati on set residual deformati on residual stretch回弹，回弹性resilie nee延迟形变延迟弹性可逆形变应力开裂retarded deformati on retarded elasticity reversible deformatio n stress crack ing 应力-应变曲线stress strain curve拉伸应变stretch ing strain拉伸应力弛豫ten sile stress relaxati on热历史热收缩扭辫分析应力致白应变能应变张量剩余应力应变硬化应变软化电流变液假塑性拉胀性牛顿流体thermal history thermoshri nkingtorsional braid analysis ，TBAstress white ning strain en ergystra in ten sorresidual stressstra in harde ningstra in softe ningelectrorheological fluid pseudoplastic auxiticity Newt onian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newto nia n fluid宾汉姆流体Bin gham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切黏度Newt on ia n shear viscosity剪切黏度shear viscosity表观剪切黏度appare nt shear viscosity剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformati on塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxati on拉伸黏度exte nsional viscosity黏弹性viscoelasticity线性黏弹性lin ear viscoelasticity 非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变creep 弛豫[作用]relaxation 弛豫模量relaxati on modulus 蠕变柔量creep complia nee 热畸变温度heat distortio n temperature 弛豫谱relaxatio n spectrum 推迟[时「间]谱retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推迟时间retardati on time动态力学行为dyn amic mecha ni cal behavior动态黏弹性dyn amic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线thermo-mecha nical curve动态转变dyn amic tran siti on储能模量storage modulus损耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex complia nee动态黏度dyn amic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity介电损耗因子dielectric dissipati on factor介电损耗常数dielectric loss con sta nt介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变glass tran siti on玻璃化转变温度glass-tra nsiti on temperature次级弛豫sec on dary relaxati on次级转变sec ondary tran siti on次级弛豫温度sec ondary relaxati on temperature开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时-温叠加原理time-temperature superpositi on prin ciple 玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzma nn superpositi on prin ciple 平移因子shift factorWLF 公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度softe ning temperature平衡熔点equilibrium melt ing point物理老化physical age ing光老化photoage ing热老化thermal age ing热氧老化thermo-oxidative age ing人工老化artificial age ing力口速老化accelerated age ing计算机模拟computer simulatio n分子动力学模拟molecular dyn amics simulati on 蒙特卡洛模拟Mon te Carlo simulatio n聚合反应类：单体mon omer官能度fun ctio nality平均官能度average function ality双官能［基］单体bifunctional mono mer三官能［基］单体trifunctional mono mer乙烯基单体vinyl mono mer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体vin ylide ne mono mer 1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体vi nyle ne monomer双烯单体,二烯单体die ne mono mer极性单体polar mono mer非极性单体non polar mono mer共轭单体conjugated mono mer非共轭单体non conjugated mono mer活化单体activated mono mer官能单体functional mono mer大分子单体macromer, macro mono mer环状单体cyclic mono mer共聚单体comono mer聚合［反应］polymerizati on均聚反应homopolymerizati on低聚反应，齐聚反应（曾用名）oligomerization调聚反应telomerizati on自发聚合spontan eous polymerizati on预聚合prepolymerizati on后聚合post polymerizati on再聚合repolymerizati on铸塑聚合,浇铸聚合cast polymerization链［式］聚合cha in polymerizati on烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerizati on双烯［类］聚合die ne polymerizati on力口［成］聚［合］additi on polymerizati on自由基聚合，游离基聚合（曾用名） free radical polymerization.radical polymerizati on控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合con trolled radical polymerization , CRP活性自由基聚合liv ing radical polymerizati on原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization , ATRPRATRP 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerizati on可逆加成断裂链转移reversible additi on fragme ntati on cha intransfer，RAFT氮氧［自由基］调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization ，FRP自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerizati on polymerizatio n自由基开环聚合radical ring ope ning polymerizati on氧化还原聚合redox polymerizatio n无活性端聚合,死端聚合（曾用名） dead end polymerization 光［致］聚合photopolymerizati on 光弓丨发聚合light in itiated polymerizati on光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization 四中心聚合four cen terpolymerizati on 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerizatio n辐射弓丨发聚合radiati on in itiated polymerizati on热聚合thermal polymerizati on电解聚合electrolytic polymerizati on等离子体聚合plasma polymerizati on易位聚合metathesis polymerizati on开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization , ROMP精密聚合precisi on polymerizatio n环化聚合cyclopolymerizatio n拓扌卜化学聚合topochemical polymerizatio n平衡聚合equilibrium polymerizatio n离子［型］聚合ionic polymerizati on辐射离子聚合radiati on ion polymerizati on离子对聚合ion pair polymerizati on正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cati onic polymerizati on碳正离子 '聚合carbe nium ion polymerizati on ,carbocati onic polymerization假正离子聚合pseudo cati onic polymerizati on假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cati onic livi ng polymerizatio n活性正离子聚合liv ing cati onic polymerizati onanionic polymerizatio ncarba nionic polymerizati on living anionic polymerization anionic cyclopolymerizati on anionic electrochemical polymerizati on anionic isomerization polymerizationallylic polymerizati on living polymerization zwitterion polymerization Ziegler Natta polymerizati on coord ination polymerization coord inated ionic polymerization coord inated anionic polymerization coord inated cationic polymerizationinsertion polymerization stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization tactic polymerizati on isospecific polymerizati on asymmetric induction polymerization asymmetric selective polymerizati on asymmetric stereoselective polymerizati on enan tioasymmetric polymerizati on enan tiosymmetric polymerizati on isomerization polymerization hydrogen transfer polymerization group transfer polymerization , GTP elimination polymerization matrix polymerization,template polymerization intercalation polymerization un catalyzed polymerizati on ring opening polymerization liv ing ring ope ning polymerizati on immortal polymerizati on en zymatic polymerizati on （曾用名）polyadditioncoupling polymerization sequential polymerization 俗称暴聚 flashpolymerizatio noxidative polymerizati on oxidative coupling polymerization step growth polymerizati on 缩聚反应conden sati on polymerizati on,polyc onden sati on酉旨交换型聚合 tran sesterificati on typepolymerizatio n,ester excha nge polyc onden sati on自催化缩聚 autocatalytic polyc onden sati on均相聚合 homoge neous polymerizati on非均相聚合 heteroge neous polymerizati on相转化聚合 phase inversion polymerizati on本体聚合 bulk polymerizati on, mass polymerizati on负离子聚合， 阴离子聚合 碳负离子聚合 活性负离子聚合 负离子环化聚合负离子电化学聚合负离子异构化聚合烯丙基聚合 活［性］聚合 两性离子聚合齐格勒-纳塔聚合 配位聚合 < 配位离子聚合配位负离子 ，聚合 配位正离子 ，聚合 插入聚合 i 定向聚合， 立构规整聚合 有规立构聚合 全同立构聚合 不对称诱导聚合 不对称选择性聚合 不对称立体选择性聚合 对映［体］不对称聚合 对映［体］对称聚合 异构化聚合 氢转移聚合基团转移聚合 消除聚合 ( 模板聚合 I 插层聚合 i 无催化聚合 开环聚合 I 活性开环聚合不死的聚合 酶聚合作用 聚加成反应， 逐步加成聚合 偶联聚合 序列聚合 闪发聚合， 氧化聚合 氧化偶联聚合逐步［增长］聚合固相聚合solid phase polymerizatio n气相聚合gaseous polymerizati on,gas phase polymerizati on 吸附聚合adsorpti on polymerizati on溶液聚合soluti on polymerizati on沉淀聚合precipitati on polymerizatio n淤浆聚合slurry polymerizati on悬浮聚合suspe nsion polymerizati on反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspe nsion polymerizati on珠状聚合bead polymerizatio n, pearl polymerizatio n分散聚合dispers ion polymerizati on反相分散聚合in verse dispers ion polymerizati on种子聚合seed ing polymerizati on孚L液聚合emulsi on polymerizati on无乳化齐U乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsio n polymerizati on反相乳液聚合in verse emulsi on polymerizati on微乳液聚合micro emulsi on polymerizati on连续聚合con ti nu ous polymerizati on半连续聚合semic ontinu ous polymerizati on分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization原位聚合in situ polymerizati on均相缩聚homopolyc onden sati on活化缩聚activated polyc onden sati on熔融缩聚melt phase polyc onden sati on固相缩聚solid phase polyc onden sati on体型缩聚three dime nsional polyc onden sati on界面聚合in terfacial polymerizati on界面缩聚in terfacial polyc onden sati on环加成聚合cycloadditi on polymerizati on环烯聚合cycloalke ne polymerizati on环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxa ne polymerizati on引发剂ini tiator 引发剂活性activity of in itiator聚合催化剂polymerizati on catalyst 自由基引发剂radical ini tiatorazo type in itiator 2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN ben zoyl peroxide, BPO persulphate in itiatorcomplex in itiati on systemredox in itiatorcharge tran sfer complex, CTC polymerization accelerator photo in itiator bifu nctional in itiator ， difu ncti onal in itiator trifu nctional in itiator macr oin itiator in itiator tran sfer age nt, i niferin itiator tran sfer age nt term in ator, i ni ferter photo ini ferterthermoi ni fertercati onic catalyst cati onic in itiator ioni oic in itiator coin itiator I alkyllithium in itiator anion radical in itiator 烯醇钠引发剂 a lfi n in itiator 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂 Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂 tran siti on metal catalyst双组分催化剂 b icomp onent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂late tran sition metal catalyst 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst ［二］茂金属催化剂 metalloce ne catalyst甲基铝氧烷 methylalumi noxa ne, MAO□氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic -oxo alkoxides catalyst 双金属催化剂 bimetallic catalyst 桥基茂金属 bridged metalloce ne限定几何构型茂金属催化剂con stra ined geometry metalloce ne catalyst均相茂金属催化剂 homoge neous metalloce ne catalyst链弓丨发 cha in in itiati on热弓丨发 thermal in itiati on染料敏化光引发 dye sen sitized phto in itiation电荷转移弓丨发 charge transfer in itiati on诱导期 in ducti on period弓 I 发剂效率 in itiator efficie ncy诱导分解 in duced decompositi on再引发 reini tiatio n链增长cha in growth, cha in propagati on 增长链端 propagat ing cha in end 活性种 reactive species 活性中心 active cen ter 持续自由基 persiste nt 偶氮［类］引发剂2,2偶氮二异丁腈 过氧化苯甲酰 过硫酸盐引发剂 复合引发体系 氧化还原引发剂 电荷转移复合物， 电荷转移络合物 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂光敏引发剂 双官能引发剂 三官能引发剂 大分子引发剂 引发-转移剂引发-转移-终止剂 光引发转移终止剂 热引发转移终止剂 正离子催化剂 正离子引发剂 负离子引发剂 共引发剂 |烷基锂引发剂 负离子自由基引发剂radical聚合最高温度ceilli ng temperature of polymerizati on 链终止cha in term in ati on双分子终止bimolecular term in ati on初级自由基终止primary radical term in ati on扩散控制终止diffusi on con trolled term in ati on歧化终止disproporti on ati on term in ati on偶合终止coupli ng term in atio n单分子终止unim olecular term in ati on自发终止spontan eous term in ati on 终止齐U termi nator链终止剂cha in term in ati ng age nt假终止pseudoterm in ati on自发终止self term in ati on自由基捕获剂radical scave nger 旋转光闸法rotat ing sector method自由基寿命free radical lifetime凝胶效应gel effect自动加速效应autoaccelerati on effect链转移cha in transfer链转移剂cha in transfer age nt尾咬转移backbitti ng transfer退化链转移degradati on (degradative) cha in transfer力口成断裂链转移［反应］additi on fragme ntatio n cha in transfer链转移常数cha in transfer con sta nt①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardatio n阻聚作用in hibiti on缓聚剂retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂retardi ng age nt阻聚剂in hibitor圭寸端［反应］end capp ing端基term inal group聚合动力学polymerizati on kin etics聚合热力学polymerizati on thermod yn amics聚合热heat of polymerizati on共聚合［反应］copolymerizati on二元共聚合binary copolymerizati on三元共聚合ternary copolymerizati on竞聚率reactivity ratio自由基共聚合radical copolymerizati on离子共聚合ionic copolymerizati on无规共聚合random copolymerizati on理想共聚合ideal copolymerizati on交替共聚合alter nat ing copolymerizati on恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerizati on接枝共聚合graft copolymerizatio n嵌段共聚合block copolymerizati on开环共聚合ring ope ning copolymerizati on共聚合方程copolymerizati on equati on共缩聚copolyc onden sati on逐步共聚合step copolymerizati on同种增长homopropagati on 自增长self propagati on交叉增长cross propagati on前末端基效应pen ultimate effect 交叉终止cross term inationQ 值Q value e 值e valueQ,e 概念Q, e scheme 序列长度分布seque nee len gth distributi on侧基反应reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂chain exte nder交联crossli nking 化学交联chemical crossli nking自交联self crossli nking 光交联photocrossli nking 交联度degree of crossli nking 硫化vulca ni zati on固化curi ng 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulca ni zatio n促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulca ni zati on过氧化物交联peroxide crossli nking无规交联random crossli nking交联密度crossli nking den sity交联指数crossli nking in dex解聚depolymerizati on①降解②退化degradation 链断裂cha in break ing 解聚酶depolymerase 纟田菌降解bacterial degradati on生物降解biodegradati on化学降解chemical degradati on辐射降解radiati on degradati on断链降解cha in scissi on degradati on自由基链降解free radical cha in degradati on无规降解random degradati on水解降解hydrolytic degradatio n 热降解thermal degradati on 热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradati on 光降解photodegradati on 光氧化降解photo oxidative degradati on 力化学降解mecha no chemical degradati on接枝聚合graft polymerizati on活化接枝activati on graft ing接枝点grafting site 链支化cha in branching 支化度degree of branching 接枝效率efficie ncy of grafting接枝度graft ing degree辐射诱导接枝radiati on in duced grafting嵌段聚合block polymerizati on通用类：。

第一章高分子链的结构aeolotropy 各向异性anti-configuration 反型；反式构型atactic polymer 无规（立构）聚合物average root-mean-square 均方根backbone 主链backbone motion 主链运动backbone structure 主链结构branched polymer 支化聚合物carbon chain 碳链chain conformation 链构象chain element 链单元；链节cis-configuration 顺式构型cis-isomer 顺式异构体cis-isomerism 顺式异构现象cis-stereoisomer 顺式立体异构体cis-trans isomerism 顺-反（式）异构现象cis-trans isomerization 顺反异构化characterization [1]表征；表征法[2]检定；检定法configuration 构型conformation 构象covalent bond 共价键cross link 交联；交联键cross linkage 交联crosslinked network 交联网crosslinked polymer 交联聚合物differential thermal analysis 差热分析differential thermogravimetric analysis 微分热重分析differential thermogravimetrie curve 微分热重曲线degree of isotacticity 全同（立构）规整度degree of order 有序度degree of syndiotacticity 间同（立构）规整度degree of tacticity 构型规整度diisotactic 双全同立构的direction of orientation 取向方向end-to-end distance 末端距fork chain 支链fork group 支基equitactic polymer 全同间同（立构）等量聚合物erythro-diisotactic 叠（同）双重全同立构eutacticity 理想的构型规整性degree of isomerization 异构化程度flexibility 柔性；柔顺性free internal rotation 自由内旋转freely jointed chain 自由连接链functional group 功能基；官能团Gauss chain 高斯链Gauss distribution 高斯分布Gaussian chain 高斯链Gaussian distribution 高斯分布Gaussian network 高斯网络non-Gaussian Chain 非高斯链non-Gaussian distribution 非高斯分布geometrical isomer 几何异构体geometrical regularity 几何规整度graft 接枝物graft block copolymer 接枝嵌段共聚物graft copolymer 接枝共聚物graft copolymerization 接枝共聚graftomer 接枝聚合物graft polymerization 接枝聚合head-tail sequence 头尾顺序head-to-head 头-头接head-to-head polymer 头-头接聚合物head-to-tail polymer 头-尾接聚合物hot setting resin 热固性树脂isotactic 全同立构；等规立构isotactic chain 全同立构链isotactic configuration 全同立构型isotacticity 全同立构规整度isotactic polymer 全同立构聚合物iso-trans-tactic 反式全同立构linear chain 直链linear chain polymer 直链聚合物linear copolymer 线形共聚物linear macromolecule 线形大分子linear molecule 线形分子linear polymer 线形聚合物high polymer 高聚物half polymer 低聚物highly branched chain 高度支化链heat of crystallization 结晶热flexible linear macromolecule 柔性线形大分子flexible side group 柔性侧基interpolymer 共聚体long chain branching 长链支化long chain molecule 长链分子holotactic 全规整macromolecular 大分子的；高分子的macromolecular compound 大分子化合物；高分子化合物macromolecule 大分子；高分子main chain 主链main polymer chain 聚合物主链molecular bond 分子键molecular configuration 分子构型monomer 单体mutamer 旋光异构体mean square end to end distance 均方末端距nonlinear polymer 非线型聚合物net structure 网状结构network polymer 网状聚合物network structure 网状结构optical isomer 旋光异构体；旋光异构物ordered structure 有序结构random copolymer 无规共聚物polymer chain 聚合物链；高分子链polymer single crystal 聚合物primary structure 一级结构；初级结构regularity 规则性；整齐度distance 均方根末端距rotamerism 几何异构现象；旋转异构现象rigid chain 刚性链rigid macromolecule 刚性大分子straight-chain polymer 直链聚合物secondary structure 二级结构syndiotactic 间同立构的syndiotactic polymer 间同立构聚合物stability 稳定性star polymer 星形聚合物statistical copolymer 无规共聚物spatial structure 空间结构sub-chain motion 链段运动trans isomerism 反式异构(现tertiary structure 三级结构unperturbed chain dimension 未受扰分子链尺寸；无扰分子链尺寸valence bond 价键valence distance (=bond length) 键长；键距laevo-configuration 左旋构型microstructure of polymer 聚合物的微结构microtacticity 微观规整性short range structure 近程结构molecular motion 分子运动molecular model 分子模型第二章高分子的聚集态结构intermolecular attraction 分子间引力hydrogen bond 氢键amorphous 非晶的；无定形的amorphous birefringence 非晶双折射amorphous material 非晶材料；无定形材料amorphous phase 非晶相amorphous polymer 非晶态聚合物amorphous region 非晶区；无定形区axial orientation 沿轴取向auto-orientation mechanism 自取向机理biaxial orientation 双轴取向biaxial stretch 双轴拉伸crystal 结晶；晶体crystal angle 晶角crystal defect 晶体缺陷crystal diffraction 晶体衍射crystal grain 晶粒crystal lattice 晶格crystalline copolymer 结晶共聚物crystalline orientation 晶体取向crystalline polymer 结晶聚合物crystalline portion 结晶部分crystalline region 晶区crystalline structure 晶体结构crystallinity 结晶性；结晶度crystallite 微晶；晶粒crystallite dimension 晶粒尺寸crystallite size distribution 晶粒大小分布crystallizable polymer （能）结晶聚合物crystallization 结晶（作用）crystallization rate 结晶速率crystallization temperature 结晶温度crystallize 结晶cubic system 立方晶系chain folding 链折叠chain-folded lamellae 折叠链片晶degree of crystallinity 结晶度程度degree of orientation 取向度diffraction 衍射diffraction angle 衍射角diffraction pattern 衍射图形；衍射花样diffractometer 衍射仪extended chain crystal 伸直链electron microscope 电子显微镜expanded material 发泡材料; 晶体birefringence 双折射density crystallinity 密度结晶度folded chain 折叠链folded chain crystal 折叠链晶体folded chain lamellae 折叠链晶片folded chain model 折叠链模型folded configuration 折叠构型folding length 折叠链长度liquid crystal 液晶lamellae 片晶lamellae structure 片晶结构lattice 晶格；点阵lattice constant 晶格常数lattice energy 晶格能lattice model 晶格模型lattice structure 晶格结构monoclinic 单斜（晶）的mono-crystalline 单晶的morphological structure 形态结构molecular orientation 分子取向non-crystallizable polymer 非结晶聚合物one-way orientation 单向取向orientated polymer 取向聚合物orientated polymerization 取向聚合orientation 取向orthorhombic unit cell 斜方晶胞platelets 片晶polarize 起偏（振）镜；起偏光镜polarizing microscope 偏（振）光显微镜polaroid （人造）偏振片[物]；起偏振片single crystal 单晶small angle scattering 小角散射第三章高分子溶液viscometry 粘度法gelatination 胶凝（作用）；胶凝化gel point 凝胶点coacervation 凝聚coagulation point 凝固点；凝结点equilibrium swelling 平衡溶胀heat of solution 溶解热gel 凝胶；冻胶ideal solution 理想溶液fractional precipitation 分级沉淀fractional solution 分级溶解fractionation 分级non-ideal solution 非理想溶液solubility 溶解性；可溶性solubility parameter 溶度参数soluble polymer 可溶性聚合物dilute solution 稀溶液dilute solution theory 稀溶液理论dilution free energy 稀释自由能dilution heat 稀释热dilution viscometer 稀释粘度计free energy 自由能free energy of mixing 混合自由能entropy of mixing 混合熵polar polymer 极性聚合物第四章高聚物的分子量和分子量分布average molecular weight 平均分子量Z-average molecular weight Z均分子量Z-average molecular weight Z均分子量weight average molecular weight 重（量平）均分子量apparent molecular weight 表观分子量critical entanglement molecular weight 临界缠结分子量end effect 末端效应end group 端基end group method 端基法[测分子量]intrinsic viscosity 特性粘数intrinsic viscosity number 特性粘数narrow molecular weight distribution 窄分子量分布mean molecular weight 平均分子量molecular weight 分子量molecular weight determination 分子量测定molecular weight distribution 分子量分布molecular weight distribution curve 分子量分布曲线number average molecular weight 数均分子量scattering angle 散射角relative viscosity 相对粘度viscometric average molecular weight 粘均分子量viscosity 粘度viscosity-average molecular weight 粘均分子量viscous 粘的；粘性的logarithmic viscosity number 比浓对数粘度kinematic viscosity 比密粘度non-polar polymer 非极性聚合物interfacial tension 界面张力density gradient column 密度梯度管density gradient sedimentation 密度梯度沉降法density gradient tube 密度梯度管concentration gradient 浓度梯度第五章聚合物的转变与松弛stress relaxation 应力松弛stress-strain curve 应力-应变曲线deformability 变形性deformation 形变；变形deformation band （滑移）形变带continuous stress relaxation 连续应力松弛characteristic relaxation time 特征松弛时间discrete relaxation time 离散松弛时间epitaxy 外延；取向生长glasslike polymer 类玻璃聚合物glass point 玻璃点glass temperature 玻璃化（转变）温度glass transition 玻璃化转变glass transition region 玻璃化转变区glass transition temperature 玻璃化转变温度glassy compliance 玻璃态柔量glassy modulus 玻璃态模量glassy polymer 玻璃态聚合物glassy state 玻璃态half-crystallization time 半结晶期half life period 半衰期fractional free volume 自由体积分数free volume 自由体积noncrystalline 非晶的noncrystalline region 非晶区kinetic of crystallization 结晶动力学nuclei [复]核；晶核nucleus （[复] nuclei）核；晶核nucleus formation （晶）核生成（作用）rubbery plateau zone 橡胶高弹区rubbery state 橡胶态rubbery plateau zone 橡胶高弹区rubbery state 橡胶态rate of crystal growth 晶体生长速率transition zone 转变区compression deformation 压缩变形compression modulus 压缩模量heterogeneous nucleation 异相成核dimensionless glass transition 无量纲玻璃化转变thermo-mechanical curve 热机（械）曲线；温度形变曲线permanent deformation 永久变形non-reversible deformation 不可逆形变；永久形变thermal deformation 热变形thermal degradation 热降解thermal dilation 热膨胀compression set 压缩变形initial modulus 起始模量initial tangent modulus 起始切线模量instantaneous compliance 瞬时柔量instantaneous deformation 瞬时形变instantaneous elasticity 瞬时弹性instantaneous elastic recovery 瞬时弹性回复instantaneous modulus 瞬时模量dynamic mechanical double glass transition 动态力学双重玻璃化转变delayed deformation 延迟形变recrystallization 再结晶（作用）relative deformation 相对形变relative elongation 相对伸长thermogravimetric curve 热重（分析）曲线；温度重量曲线第六章橡胶弹性anisotropic 各向异性的anisotropy 各向异性（现象）blend [1]共混物[2]共混blending polymer 共混聚合物dynamic elasticity 动态弹性delayed elasticity 延迟弹性elastic 弹性的elastic anisotropy 弹性各向异性elastic compliance 弹性柔量elastic constant 弹性常数elastic deformation 弹性形变elastic elongation 弹性伸长elastic extension 弹性延伸elastic isotropy 弹性各向同性elasticity 弹性elasticity modulus 弹性模量elastic property 高弹性elastomer 高弹体；弹性体elastomeric state 橡胶高弹态；高弹态high elastic deformation 高弹形变high elasticity 高弹性high elastic rubber 高弹性橡胶long range elasticity 高弹性ideal elasticity 理想弹性ideal elastomer 理想弹性体non-elastic deformation 非弹性形变initial elasticity 初弹性；瞬时弹性perfect elastic body 理想弹性体modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of rigidity 刚性模量temporary set（高）弹性形变dynamic resilience 动态弹性回复dynamic rigidity 动态刚度；动态刚性rubber elastic behavior 橡胶弹性行为；高弹行为entropic deformation mechanism 熵变形机理entropy-elastic deformation 熵弹形变entropy elasticity 熵弹性entropy spring 熵弹簧nature rubber 天然橡胶non-Hookean elasticity 非虎克弹性natural cis-polyisoprene 天然顺式聚异戊二烯；天然橡胶natural draw ratio 固有拉伸比；自然拉伸比one-way drawing 单向牵伸draw 拉伸draw ratio 拉伸比Poisson’s ratio 泊松比第七章聚合物的粘弹性anelasticity 滞弹性dynamic compliance 动态柔量dynamic creep 动态蠕变dynamic mechanical behavior 动态力学行为dynamic mechanical property 动态力学性能dynamic mechanical test 动态力学试验Boltzmann superposition principle 波尔兹曼叠加原理relaxation phenomenon 松弛现象relaxation spectra 松弛（时间）谱relaxation time 松弛时间retardation time 推迟时间retarded elasticity 推迟弹性superposition principle 叠加原理nature time (=relaxation itme) 松弛时间；自然时间non-linear viscoelasticity 非线性粘弹性recovery creep 回复蠕变principle of superposition 叠加原理time of relaxation 松驰时间time-temperature equivalent principle 时-温等效原理time-temperature superposition principle 时-温叠加原理creep 蠕变creep compliance 蠕变柔量creep curve 蠕变曲线dashpot 粘壶dynamic modulus 动态模量dynamics 动力学dynamic state 动态dynamic viscoelastometer 动态粘弹谱仪dynamic viscosity 动态粘度；动力粘度elastoviscometer 弹性粘度计elasto-viscous system 弹粘体系elastoviscous polymer 弹粘性聚合物distribution of retardation times 推迟时间分布Hookean elasticity 虎克弹性Hookean spring 虎克弹簧immediate set 瞬时变形initial creep 起始蠕变mechanical relaxation 力学松弛viscous elasticity 粘弹性stickiness 粘性compression stress relaxation 压缩应力松弛maximum relaxation time 极大松弛时间distribution of relaxation times 松弛时间分布stretch(ing) 拉伸tangent of the loss angle 损耗角正切mechanical loss factor 力学损耗因子loss angle 损耗角loss factor 损耗因子loss modulus 损耗模量loss tangent 损耗角正切intermittent stress relaxation 间断应力松弛discrete viscoelastic spectra 离散粘弹谱lastics [1]塑料[2]弹塑料；弹塑（性）体damping 阻尼；减幅damping factor 阻尼因子distortion 扭变；畸变;双定向的第八章聚合物的屈服和断裂work-to-break 断裂功yield 屈服yield strength 屈服强度yield stress 屈服应力Young’s modulus 杨氏模量root-mean-square end-to-end rupture mechanism 断裂机理；破坏机理modulus of rupture (=flexural strength) 抗弯强度；挠曲强度unnotched Izod impact strength 无缺口悬臂梁式抗冲击强度impact strength 冲击强度crack [1]裂缝；龟裂；裂纹[2]裂化craze 银纹load-elongation curve 载荷-伸长曲线fissure 裂缝；裂隙flexing resistance 抗挠性；耐屈挠性flexural modulus 挠曲模量flexural strength 挠曲强度fluid resin 液态树脂fracture 断裂；破裂fracture energy 断裂能fracture mechanism 断裂机理fracture surface energy 断裂表面能fracture toughness 断裂韧性fragility 脆性；易碎性friability 脆性；易碎性friction 摩擦frictional damping 摩擦阻尼fringe 条纹elongation 伸长extended length 伸展长度extension 伸长；延伸extension at break 断裂伸长extension modulus 拉伸模量extension ratio 拉伸比fabricability 加工性failure 破裂；破坏fatigue 疲劳fatigue cracking 疲劳龟裂fatigue curve 疲劳曲线fatigue failure 疲劳破坏fatigue strength 疲劳强度fatigue test 疲劳试验faying surface 接触面bending modulus 弯曲（弹性）模量bend(ing) strength 弯曲强度bend(ing) stress 弯曲应力breaking elongation 断裂伸长第九章聚合物的流变性rheology 流变学rheometer 流变仪anti-swelling 抗溶胀性anti-thixotropy0 非触变性；非摇溶（现象）apparent area 表观面积apparent density 表观密度apparent fluidity 表观流度apparent viscosity 表观粘度die swell(ing) 挤出胀大；模口胀大die swell ratio 挤出胀大比dilatability 膨胀性dilatate 膨胀dynamic (=dynamical) [1]动态的[2]动力学的dynamic chemorheology 动态化学流变学flowability 流动性flow behavior 流动行为；流动特性flow birefringence 流动双折射flow curve 流动曲线flow diagram 流动图flow index 流动指数flow line 流线flow temperature 流动温度fluid 流体fluid mechanics 流体力学hydrodynamics 流体力学hydronamic orientation 流体力学取向non-recoverable flow 不可逆流动；塑性流动pseudo-plastic fluid 假塑性流体pseudo-plasticity 假塑性；非宾汉塑料pseudo-viscosity 假粘度；非牛顿粘度pure viscous flow 纯粘性流动rate of shear 剪切（变）速率melt crystallization 熔融结晶melt elasticity 熔体弹性melten polymer 熔融聚合物melt flow index 熔体流动指数melt fracture 熔体破裂melt index 熔体指数melting temperature 熔融温度melting viscosity 熔融粘度melt rheology 熔体流变学melt viscosity 熔体粘度telescopic flow 层流viscous flow 粘流drag flow 粘性流动Bingham body 宾汉体Bingham flow 宾汉流动Bingham model 宾汉模型Bingham plastic fluid 宾汉塑性流体Bingham’s yield value 宾汉屈服值Bingham viscometer 宾汉粘度计extrude 挤出；挤压；压出extruding machine 挤出机extrusion 挤出；挤压extrusion molding 挤出成形extrusion swelling 挤出胀大capillary extrusion rheometer 毛细管挤出流变计necking (cold drawing) 颈缩（冷拉）；细颈现象Newtonian behavior 牛顿行为Newtonian flow 牛顿流动[纯粘性流动] Newtonian liquid 牛顿液体Newtonian viscosity 牛顿粘度non-homogeneous 不均匀的non-Newtonian behavior 非牛顿行为non-Newtonian liquid 非牛顿液体shear 剪切；切变shear-banding 剪切带shear deformation 剪切形变shear elasticity (=shear modulus) 剪切模量shear stress 剪切应力shear viscosity 剪切粘度plastic flow 塑性流动plastic fluid 塑性液体torsional moment 扭矩torsional pendulum 扭摆torsional vibration rheometer 扭转振动流变仪smelting 熔炼；熔化softening 软化softening temperature 软化温度；软化点fusion heat 熔化热laminar flow 层流polymer melt 聚合物熔体molten polymer 熔融聚合物molten state 熔融状态swelling ratio 溶胀比；胀大比phase equilibrium 相平衡phase transition 相转变第十章聚合物的电学性能\热性能\光学性能\以及表面与界面性能ageing process 老化过程ageing property 老化性能；耐老化性ageing resistance 耐老化性；抗老化性ageing time 老化时间；老成时间air permeability 透气性dielectric 电介质；介电的dielectric anisotropy 介电各向异性dielectric breakdown 介电击穿dielectric constant 介电系数；介电常数dielectric dissipation factor 介电损耗因子；介电损耗角正切dielectric heating 介电加热dielectric loss 介电损耗dielectric loss factor 介电损耗因子dielectric loss tangent 介电损耗（角）正切dielectric property 介电性质dielectric polarization 介电极化dielectric relaxation 介电松弛dielectric spectra 介电谱conductive polymer 导电聚合物flame resistance 阻燃性flame retardant 阻燃剂flammability 可燃性heat endurance 耐热性heat expansion 热膨胀heat resistance 耐热性high-temperature stability 高温稳定性heat-resistant polymer 耐热聚合物thermal conductivity [1]热导率；导热系数[2]导热性high polymeric polyelectrolyte 高聚物电解质insulating property 绝缘性质low temperature brittleness 低温脆性thermoplastic [1]热塑性塑料[2]热塑性的thermoplasticity 热塑性thermoset plastic 热固性塑料thermosetting plastic 热固性塑料thermosetting resin 热固性树脂thermostability 热稳定性；耐热性translucency 半透明性；半透明度transparency [1]透明性[2]透光度triboelectricity 静电作用；摩擦生电true melting point 真熔点true strain 真应变true stress 真应力Vicat softening point 维卡软化点voltage breakdown 击穿电压wearability 耐磨性wear resistance 耐磨性weatherability 耐候性；耐老化性wettability 吸湿性；润湿性solidness 硬度；硬性strength 强度mechanical property 力学性能；机械性能thermal coefficient of expansion 热膨胀系数gas proofness 不透气性；气密性gas tight 不透气的；气密的anti-static 抗静电的breakdown strength 击穿强度doping 掺杂electric breakdown 电击穿electrodialysis 电渗析聚合物名称单词ABS resin ABS树脂aldehyde polymer 醛类聚合物aidehyde resin 缩醛树脂；聚醛树脂aldol condensation 醛醇缩合aldol resin 醛醇树脂chemical fibers 化学纤维composite 复合材料composite material 复合材料conjugate fiber 组合纤维；复合纤维high-density polyethylene 高密度聚乙烯全版高分子物理名词中英对照low density polyethylene 低密度聚乙烯low molecular polymer 低聚物；低分子量聚合物low pressure processed polyethylene 低压法聚乙烯medium-density polyethylene 中密度聚乙烯phenol-aldehyde plastics 酚醛塑料phenol-aldehyde resin 酚醛树脂phenolic plastics 酚醛塑料polyacrylonitrile 聚丙烯腈polybutadiene 聚丁二烯polybutene 聚丁烯polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯polychlorovinyl 聚氯乙烯poly(ethylene terephthalate) 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯poly(methyl methacrylate) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯poly(1-phenylethylene) 聚1-苯基亚乙基；聚苯乙烯polyvinyl formal 聚乙烯醇缩甲醛poly(phenylene ether) 聚苯醚polypropylene 聚丙烯synthetic resin 合成树脂synthetic rubber 合成橡胶synthon 合成纤维31 / 31。