高一英语语法·动名词( The Gerund)I.II.1. 起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
2. 具有动词的特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动名词+宾语或状语构成动名词短语。
III. 动名词的用法1. 作主语1) 置于主语的位置Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.2) 用it作形式主语，将动名词结构置于句末。
这种形式通常用于某些名词和形容词之后。
It is no good pretending to know what you don’t know.It’s no use / useless thinking about it now.It’s a waste of time talking with him.It is worth repairing the car.It is very difficult getting everything ready in time.It will be very nice seeing them again.[注意] important, necessary 等形容词不适用于上述结构。
It is important learning foreign languages. (×)It is important to learn foreign languages. (√)2. 作表语—表示主语的内容The real problem is knowing what to write.Y our work is bringing the chairs downstairs.[注意]1) 动名词和不定式作表语和主语时的区别(1) 一般说来可以互换，其意义没有多大差别。
It is dangerous playing (to play) with fire.What she likes is watching (to watch) the children play.但有时意义上有区别：动名词：表示抽象的一般或泛指的动作。
第01天by+动名词重要程度：★★☆☆☆难易程度：★★☆☆☆(2017·新课标卷I语法填空改编)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【参考答案】eating【拓展延伸】1. by 作介词，意为＂通过……方式＂，后接名词或代词作宾语。
后接动词时，用动名词形式。
►We learn by studying with a group. 我们通过小组活动来学习。
2. 动名词其实就是动词ing形式，具有名词的性质，可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语等。
同时，它又具有动词的特点，可以接宾语构成动名词短语。
动名词的具体用法：（1）作主语：动名词作主语时一般可用动词不定式替换。
►Swimming in the river is dangerous.= To swim in the river is dangerous.在河里游泳是危险的。
（2）作表语：动名词作表语时一般句子的主语常常是无生命的名词，而且表语和主语是对等关系，说明主语的内容。
（3）作宾语：常用于allow, try, like, finish, enjoy, forget, stop, love, mind, practice, can’t stand, can’t help等动词或动词短语之后。
►His task is finishing the work. 他的任务是完成工作。
（4）作定语：表示所修饰词的用途、性质、特征等，位于所修饰词的前面。
（5）介词后的动词要使用动名词。
【易错警示】1. 动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词要使用单数第三人称形式。
2. 有些动词如forget，remember，stop，try，like，love等后面接动名词和动词不定式作宾语都可以，但意义不同。
c a l m 【归纳】 calm可作形容词和动词。
★作形容词时，意为：①镇静的，沉着的；②风平浪静的；③无风的。
如：We were told to stay calm and that help was on the way.The seas were dead calm.Tuesday was a fine, clear and calm day.★作动词时，意为“使平静，使镇静”。
如：The teacher tried to calm the children by giving them some candy.【拓展】calm (...) down意为“（使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来”。
如：He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.I could hardly wait to tell him the good news but I had to calm down before I could speak.【即学即练】写出下面句子中画线部分单词的词性和中文释义。
1. The ocean looks much calmer today.2. None of our efforts to calm her succeeded.3. We started our journey on a calm, cloudless day.4. Now keep calm everyone; the police are on their way.concern【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳concern的意思及用法。
1. It concerns me that these people are not getting the support they need.2. These changes concern everyone who has school-age children.3. The film concerns a group of school friends.4. He loved his wife, and concerned himself with her needs and desires.5. Mary hasn’t been seen for four days and there is concern about / for / over her safety.6. His main concern is to be able to provide for his family.7. The money side of the business is your concern.【自我归纳】 concern可作动词和名词。
人教版高一英语第一单元的部分单词一、survey-读音：[ˈsɜːveɪ]-词性：名词&动词-释义：-名词：调查；测量；审视。
例如：a public opinion survey（民意调查）。
-动词：调查；勘测；审视。
例如：survey the damage（查看损失情况）。
二、add up-释义：把……加起来。
例如：Add up all the numbers.（把所有的数字加起来。
）三、upset-读音：[ʌpˈset]-词性：形容词&动词&名词-释义：-形容词：心烦的；苦恼的；不安的。
例如：be upset about/over/at sth.（为某事心烦）。
-动词：使心烦；打乱；打翻。
例如：The bad news upset him.（这个坏消息使他心烦。
）-名词：混乱；翻倒；心烦意乱。
例如：be in an upset state（处于心烦意乱的状态）。
-读音：[ɪɡˈnɔː(r)]-词性：动词-释义：忽视；不理睬。
例如：ignore sb.'s advice（忽视某人的建议）。
五、calm-读音：[kɑːm]-词性：形容词&动词&名词-释义：-形容词：平静的；镇静的。
例如：keep calm（保持镇静）。
-动词：使平静；使镇静。
例如：calm down（平静下来；镇定下来）。
-名词：平静；宁静。
例如：in a state of calm（处于平静状态）。
六、concern-读音：[kənˈsɜːn]-词性：动词&名词-释义：-动词：涉及；关系到；使担忧。
例如：be concerned about/for/with sth.（关心某事；为某事担忧）。
-名词：关心；关注；担忧。
例如：show concern for sb.（关心某人）。
七、walk the dog-释义：遛狗。
-读音：[luːs]-词性：形容词-释义：松的；松开的。
