EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT 员工敬业度 数据不是唯一
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人员管理中存在的问题及对策英文回答:Problems in Human Resource Management.Human resource management (HRM) is a critical functionin any organization, responsible for attracting, developing, and retaining a talented workforce. However, HR departments often face several challenges that can hinder their effectiveness.1. Lack of Strategic Alignment.HR strategies may not be aligned with the overall business goals, resulting in a mismatch between the workforce's skills and the organization's needs.2. Talent Acquisition and Retention.Organizations struggle to attract and retain top talent,especially in competitive industries. High turnover rates can lead to knowledge loss and disruption.3. Performance Management and Development.Traditional performance management systems may not be effective in motivating and developing employees. Organizations need to adopt more tailored and continuous approaches.4. Employee Engagement.Low employee engagement levels can negatively impact productivity, innovation, and organizational culture. HR needs to create strategies to foster employee satisfaction and motivation.5. Diversity and Inclusion.Lack of diversity and inclusion can lead to a homogeneous workforce that stifles creativity and innovation. HR needs to promote equitable hiring practicesand create a welcoming work environment for all employees.6. Technology Adoption.HR processes are often slow and manual, resulting in inefficiencies and bottlenecks. Leveraging technology can streamline HR functions and enhance data-driven decision-making.7. Compliance and Regulation.HR departments must comply with various employment laws and regulations, which can be complex and time-consuming to navigate.Strategies for Addressing HR Challenges.1. Strategic Alignment.HR should collaborate closely with the business leadership to ensure that HR strategies support the overall business goals.2. Talent Acquisition and Retention.Implement competitive compensation packages, offer professional development opportunities, and create a positive work culture to attract and retain top talent.3. Performance Management and Development.Adopt continuous performance management systems that provide regular feedback and coaching opportunities. Encourage employees to set goals and track their progress.4. Employee Engagement.Conduct employee surveys, provide opportunities for recognition and rewards, and foster a sense of belonging within the organization.5. Diversity and Inclusion.Establish clear diversity and inclusion policies,conduct unconscious bias training, and implement mentoring and sponsorship programs.6. Technology Adoption.Invest in HR technology platforms to automate tasks, enhance data management, and improve decision-making.7. Compliance and Regulation.Stay up-to-date with employment laws and regulations. Seek professional guidance when necessary to ensure compliance.中文回答:人力资源管理中存在的问题及对策。
浅析员工敬业度及提升策略发布时间:2021-12-27T05:13:55.895Z 来源:《学习与科普》2021年13期作者:梁倩颖[导读] 近些年关于员工敬业度的理论研究和实践都已证实,员工敬业度对于组织绩效、工作效率、工作参与度、满意度、离职倾向等都具有重要影响。
上药科园信海医药有限公司北京市100071摘要:近些年关于员工敬业度的理论研究和实践都已证实,员工敬业度对于组织绩效、工作效率、工作参与度、满意度、离职倾向等都具有重要影响。
敬业度高的员工对工作充满激情,并与公司联系密切;不敬业的员工在工作上虽然花了时间却没有倾注精力和注意力。
从企业整体角度,员工的敬业度水平对企业绩效有着重要的影响,企业要想获得持续的发展,就需要培养高敬业度员工,并留住人才、用好人才。
从员工个人角度,保持高敬业度可以更加充分的发挥个人潜能,并在企业中实现自我价值。
本文将从员工敬业度的概念出发,提出企业提升员工敬业度的策略,为企业的管理实践提供参考。
关键词:员工敬业度;满意度;忠诚度;提升策略一、引言相比于员工满意度、员工忠诚度等,员工敬业度是个相对较新的概念。
调查显示,员工敬业度高的公司,客户满意度、生产效率和利润也比较高,同时离职率和事故发生率都比较低。
正是由于这些原因,国内外学者和各大管理咨询公司开始对敬业度展开深入研究和调查。
本文将从员工敬业度的概念出发,分析敬业度与满意度、忠诚度的关系,以及敬业度的驱动因素,进而提出企业提升员工敬业度的几点策略,为企业的管理实践提供参考。
二、员工敬业度的概念(一)员工敬业度的定义敬业度的概念最先由 William Kah(n 1990)在其发表的文章中提出:“The harnessing of organization members’ selves to their work roles; in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during role performances”,他认为所谓员工敬业度是指员工将自己全身心的投入到组织中,与组织紧密的联系在一起,在工作中投入精力、情感、认知并且实现自我价值的程度。
员工敬业度维基百科英文版这样解释:Employee engagement is aproperty of the relationship between an organization and its employees.An"engaged employeeπis defined as one who is fully absorbed by an denthusiastic about their work and so takes positive action to further theorganization's reputation and interests.(员工敬业J要是组织及其员工之间关系的一个属性。
所谓”敬业的员工”就是指那些对待工作专心致志、满怀热情,并且会采取积极行动来提升组织声誉和利益的人。
)具体说来,“敬业度”是一种与工作和组织有关的积极的心理状态,其主要行为表现为活力、奉献、专注和负责Q心理学家米哈里(Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi)的心流理论似乎为我们诠释了敬业度的最高境界。
米哈里认为“心流(flow)是一种将个人精神力完全投注在某种活动上的感觉;心流产生时同时会有高度的兴奋及充实感”。
如果说东方人强调的”修身“从本质上讲就是个人追求心流境界的尝试,敬业度从某种意义上则是员工在工作场景下、在组织内部所达到的心流状态ο为什么全球企业都在为“员工敬业度”焦虑企业一直很关注员工的满意度,但很多专业机构的研究表明,员工的满意度与其绩效表现之间并没有必然的联系,而员工敬业度才是提升绩效的直接因素。
换言之,满意的员工不一定绩效好、只有“想且实际”在企业中做出贡献的敬业员工,才会带来更好的绩效。
但一个残酷的现实是:全球敬业员工的比例仅为13% (盖洛普2013年的调查),而中国远远低于世界水平,敬业员工只有6%。
敬业度的重要性与敬业员工的低比例之间存在着巨大的Gap,这也就不难理解企业为什么如此重视敬业度了。
员工敬业度影响因素及提高策略研究?摘要在人力资源的组织行为学中,对敬业度的关注成为一个新的研究热点。
人们逐步认识到员工敬业度对于企业高绩效的重要影响,很多研究表明:员工敬业度是真正影响组织绩效的关键指标。
所以人们也从对“员工满意度”的研究逐步发展为对于“员工敬业度”的研究。
并且如何提高员工敬业度水平的策略探讨成为了敬业度问题的研究重点。
员工敬业度水平的高低也成为企业绩效高低和成功与否的关键所在。
?本文首先分析了在当前的人力资源领域中研究“员工敬业度”问题的意义及重要性。
回顾了关于员工敬业度问题文献、研究成果及相关理论。
但员工敬业度的问题目前多停留在实用及实证的研究。
对于员工敬业度的概念,影响维度等问题还没有一个统一的研究结论。
所以本文在归纳总结前人研究结果的基础上认为对于员工敬业度的研究应该分为“工作敬业度”和“组织敬业度”两个层面来研究,并提出了敬业度的概念:即一种由于员工自身对于工作和组织的热爱、认同,导致在行为上对工作和所在组织的认同和投入,最终产生于结果上的工作的高绩效和企业的高发展的行为。
本文研究敬业度问题所采用的是文献研究法、实证研究法相结合的方式。
首先在文献研究法的基础上提出自己有关敬业度的概念,把敬业度的研究分为“工作敬业度”和“组织敬业度”两个方面研究,并归纳总结了影响员工敬业度的相关特定因素,这个因素包括个人因素和非个人因素,非个人因素分为薪酬、福利、学习与发展、工作环境。
本文为了验证自己所提出的观点,首先设计了有针对性的《员工敬业度调查研究问卷》,通过问卷调查的形式来收集有关员工敬业度相关数据,再利用 SPSS17.0 统计分析软件进行了调查问卷的数据的分析,得出了相关结论:具体结论是个人因素和非个人因素都和员工敬业度表现出显著相关性。
其中个人因素中:员工的年龄、受教育程度、在公司的服务1员工敬业度影响因素及提高策略研究?年限、在公司所在的职位层次都和员工敬业度显著相关。
而薪酬、福利、学习与发展、工作环境也分别正相关于员工的工作敬业度和组织敬业度,但对于员工工作敬业度和组织敬业度的影响力有所不同,根据数据分析得出了这些因素影响员工敬业度的线性回归方程。
人力资源管理国际标准及其介绍作者:王兴起谢宗晓来源:《中国质量与标准导报》2022年第04期摘要:作为信息安全管理中最脆弱的环节,人员管理和控制需要借鉴人力资源管理标准的技术与方法。
本文整理了22项人力资源管理标准,按照术语与概念、人力管理职能及指标指南、人力资本报告及各指标指南、员工敬业度四类进行梳理,提出信息安全管理需要从宏观的视角考察人员控制,涵盖人力资源管理的各个模块,吸收人力资源管理的最新研究成果,提升人员的信息安全管理素养,避免信息安全管理事件的发生。
关键词:信息安全管理人力资源管理标准人力资本报告员工敬业度Introduction to International Standards for Human Resource ManagementWang Xingqi (School of Economics and Management, Taishan University)Xie Zongxiao (China Financial Certification Authority)Abstract: As the most vulnerable part of the information security management, the management and control of personnel needs to be based on the techniques and methods of human resources management standards. This paper has sorted out 22 standards for human resource management in accordance with four aspects, namely the terminologies and concepts, functions and indicator guides of manpower management, human capital reports and the related indicator guides, and employee engagement. It is proposed that the work of information security management should include investigations of personnel control from a macroscopic perspective, cover various modules of human resource management, absorb the latest research results of human resource management, improve s taff’s literacy and expertise to manage information security, and avoid incidents of information security management.Key words: information security management, human resource management standards,human capital reports, employee engagement1 概述ISO/IEC 27002:2022 《信息安全網络安全和隐私保护信息安全控制》中人员控制为独立的章节,包括了背景审查、雇佣条款、信息安全意识培训、惩戒程序、员工变动的义务职责、保密知情同意、远程工作及信息安全事件报告等部分,但相对于人员的重要性来看,人员控制仍需加强,人力资源管理作为独立的学科能够提供更为全面和丰富的理论与实践支持。
职场常用英语词汇以下是约100个职场常用英语词汇及其解释:1. Resume/CV(简历): 求职者提供的教育背景、工作经历和其他相关信息的文档,用于申请工作。
2. Interview(面试): 求职者与潜在雇主之间的对话,用于评估求职者的能力和适应性。
3. Job Description(职位描述): 详细说明工作职责、要求、工作环境等的文档。
4. Salary(薪水): 员工因工作而获得的报酬。
5. Benefits(福利): 除薪水外,雇主提供的额外待遇,如医疗保险、退休金等。
6. Deadline(截止日期): 任务或项目必须完成的最后期限。
7. Responsibility(职责): 工作中的任务或职责。
8. Teamwork(团队合作): 与他人协作以完成任务或项目的能力。
9. Leadership(领导力): 指导和激励团队成员的能力。
10. Communication Skills(沟通技巧): 有效地传达和接收信息的能力。
11. Problem-solving Skills(解决问题的能力): 分析和解决工作中的问题的能力。
12. Performance Review(绩效评估): 对员工工作表现的评估,通常用于决定晋升或加薪。
13. Promotion(晋升): 员工在职位或薪水上的提升。
14. Demotion(降级): 员工在职位或薪水上的下降。
15. Resignation(辞职): 员工主动离开工作。
16. Termination(解雇): 雇主终止员工的工作合同。
17. Training(培训): 为提高员工技能或知识而提供的课程或活动。
18. Mentor(导师): 为新员工或经验较少的员工提供指导和支持的经验丰富的员工。
19. Colleague(同事): 在同一公司或部门工作的其他人。
20. Supervisor(主管): 负责监督和管理员工的人。
21. Manager(经理): 负责管理团队和项目的人。
Engagement 2.0 –不仅仅是防火墙如果让雇主重新思考雇佣关系的含义,如果让他们平行审视而非自上而下或自下而上地垂直考量,结果将会如何?在当今扁平化(而非阶梯式)的公司结构下,雇主们需要运用新的沟通模式来增进与雇员之间的接触,我们将这种新的沟通模式称之为“Engagement 2.0”这种新的沟通模式一来可以帮助雇主与雇员建立有效的沟通,进而增进合作默契,提升绩效,二来也能支撑整个公司及其高层的声誉。
雇佣关系的规则已经发生变化,一部分是因为经济发展,另一部分是因为员工意识到自身权利受到侵犯。
2009年的盖洛普民意测试显示,56%的员工没有积极参与公司事务,而18%的员工正不遗余力地躲避公务。
其实,雇主对此也有同样的感觉。
怡安咨询在2009年的福利和人才调研中发现,75%的雇主认为员工敬业度“非常重要”或者“极为重要”,却只有37%的人表示他们在处理员工关系时“卓有成效”。
雇主没有与时俱进地改善与员工互动,信息分享,以及影响他人的沟通方式是导致员工不满的最大原因之一。
毕竟,员工生活在我们为他们提供的工作空间之外,他们与家人生活在一起,与朋友讨论他们的工作。
他们越来越少地受工作场所的局限。
对于雇主来说,这意味着不得不接受员工的工作与沟通方式。
而且必须放弃陈规旧律,找到全新的途径聘用员工并赢得他们的信任。
这不仅仅针对年轻雇员。
四代雇员构成公司目前的人员结构,他们具有不同的需求和喜好。
我们必须超越传统,将所有的沟通方式变得更具创新性及个性化,以满足上至大多数互联网用户下至纸质信息阅读者的需求。
融入公众媒体在求助公众媒体来实现商业目标之前,我们必须首先了解自身的影响面,然后再放手委托。
回想一下“万维网”首次进入我们日常工作时的情形。
雇主迅速出台了关于使用互联网处理私人业务的限令。
我们担心互联网的使用会降低公司的生产能力。
紧随其后,雇主封锁了热门网站并建立防火墙。
但是我们很快发现雇员整天使用手机和黑莓,却并不仅仅是用来相互联系,而是在忙于工作。
人力资源工作调研提纲English Answer:1. What are the current trends in human resource management (HRM)?Digitization: Automation, data analytics, and AI are transforming HRM processes, from recruitment to performance management.Focus on employee experience: Organizations are prioritizing employee well-being, work-life balance, and a positive work environment.Employer branding: Companies are emphasizing their culture, values, and employee benefits to attract andretain talent.Remote work: The pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote work, and it is likely to continue as a prevalentoption.Diversity and inclusion: Organizations are committed to building diverse and inclusive workplaces that value all employees.2. What are the challenges facing HR professionals?Talent shortage: Many industries are experiencing a shortage of skilled and qualified candidates.Employee engagement: Keeping employees engaged and motivated in a rapidly changing work environment can be a challenge.Compliance with regulations: HR professionals must navigate a complex landscape of employment laws and regulations.Rapid technological advancements: The rapid pace of technological change requires HR professionals to stay up-to-date with new trends.Managing remote teams: Effectively managing and engaging remote employees can be challenging for HR professionals.3. What are the key skills and competencies requiredfor HR professionals?Business acumen: Understanding the business strategy and how HRM can contribute to its success.Communication skills: Able to effectively communicate with employees, managers, and other stakeholders.Interpersonal skills: Strong interpersonal skills for building relationships and resolving conflicts.Analytical skills: Ability to analyze data and make informed decisions.Compliance knowledge: In-depth knowledge of employment laws and regulations.4. What is the role of technology in HRM?Recruitment and screening: Using technology to automate job postings, applicant tracking, and background checks.Performance management: Utilizing software for employee goal setting, performance tracking, and feedback.Compensation and benefits: Technology-based systemsfor administering payroll, benefits, and compensation plans.Training and development: Online learning platformsand virtual training sessions for employee development.Employee engagement: Technology to facilitate communication, recognition, and employee feedback.5. What are the future trends in HRM?Artificial intelligence (AI): AI will play asignificant role in automating tasks, enhancing talent acquisition, and improving employee engagement.Data-driven decision-making: HR professionals will use data to make evidence-based decisions and drive organizational outcomes.Gig economy: The growing gig economy will require HR professionals to develop new strategies for managingflexible work arrangements.Sustainability: Organizations will prioritize sustainability in their HRM practices, including recruiting, employee benefits, and workplace culture.Employee wellbeing: HR will focus on promoting employee mental and physical health as a key aspect of employee retention and productivity.6. What is the importance of diversity and inclusion in HRM?Improved employee morale: Diverse and inclusive workplaces foster a sense of belonging and boost employee morale.Enhanced innovation and creativity: Diverse perspectives lead to more innovative and creative solutions.Increased productivity: Inclusive workplaces promote collaboration and reduce conflict, resulting in greater productivity.Competitive advantage: Organizations with diverse and inclusive cultures attract and retain top talent.Corporate social responsibility: Promoting diversity and inclusion aligns with corporate social responsibility goals and contributes to a positive public image.中文回答:1. 人力资源管理(HRM)的当前趋势是什么?数字化,自动化、数据分析和人工智能正在改变人力资源流程,从招聘到绩效管理。
员工敬业度的前因后果[文献翻译] 本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译外文题目 Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement 外文出处 Journal of Managerial Psychology.2006(7):p600-619 外文作者 Alan M. saks.原文:Antecedents and consequences of employee engagementAlan M. Saks.In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in employee engagement. Many have claimed that employee engagement predicts employee outcomes, organizational success, and financial performance (e.g. total shareholder return) (Bates, 2004; Baumruk, 2004; Harter et al., 2002; Richman, 2006). At the same time, it has been reported that employee engagement is on the decline and there is a deepening disengagement among employees today (Bates, 2004; Richman, 2006). It has even been reported that the majority of workers today, roughly half of all Americans in the workforce, are not fully engaged or they are disengaged leading to what has been referred to as an “engagement gap” that is costing US businesses $300billion a year in lost productivity (Bates, 2004; Johnson, 2004; Kowalski, 2003).Unfortunately, much of what has been written about employee engagement comes from the practitioner literature and consulting firms. There is a surprising dearth of research on employee engagement in the academic literature (Robinson et al., 2004). The purpose of this study was to investigate the antecedents and consequences of two types of employee engagement: job and organization engagements. Previous research has focused primarily on engagement in one's job. However, there is evidence that one's degree of engagement depends on the role in question (Rothbard, 2001). Thus, it is possible that the antecedents and consequences of engagement depend on the type of engagement. In the next section, employee engagement is defined followed by a discussion of employee engagement models and theory and the study hypotheses.What is employee engagement?Employee engagement has become a widely used and popular term (Robinson et al., 2004). However, most of what has been written about employee engagement can be found in practitioner journals where it has its basis in practice rather than theory and empirical research. As noted by Robinson et al. (2004), there has beensurprisingly little academic and empirical research on a topic that has become so popular. As a result, employee engagement has the appearance of being somewhat faddish or what some might call, “old wine in a new bottle.”To make matters worse, employee engagement has been defined in many different ways and the definitions and measures often sound like otherbetter known and established constructs like organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (Robinson et al., 2004). Most often it has been defined as emotional and intellectual commitment tothe organization (Baumruk, 2004; Richman, 2006; Shaw, 2005) or the amount of discretionary effort exhibited by employees in their jobs (Frank et al., 2004).In the academic literature, a number of definitions have been provided. Kahn (1990, p. 694) defines personal engagemen t as “the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles; in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during role performances.”Personal disengagement refers to “the uncoupling of selves fr omwork roles; in disengagement, people withdraw and defend themselves physically, cognitively, or emotionally during role performances” (p. 694). Thus, according to Kahn (1990,1992), engagement means to be psychologically present when occupying and performing an organizational role.Rothbard (2001, p. 656) also defines engagement as psychological presence but goes further to state that it involves two critical components: attention and absorption. Attention refers to “cognitive availability and the amou nt of time one spends thinking about a role” while absorption “means being engrossed in a role and refers to the intensity of one's focus on a role.”Burnout researchers define engagement as the opposite or positive antithesis of burnout (Maslach et al., 2001). According to Maslach et al. (2001), engagement is characterized by energy, involvement, and efficacy, the direct opposite of the three burnout dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. Research on burnout and engagement has found that the core dimensions of burnout (exhaustion and cynicism) and engagement (vigor and dedication) are opposites of each other (Gonzalez-Romaet al., 2006).Schaufeli et al. (2002, p. 74) define engagement “as a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption.” They further state that engagement is nota momentary and specific state, but rather, it is “a more persistentand pervasive affective-cognitive state that is not focused on any particular object, event, individual, or behavior” (p. 74).In the academic literature, engagement is said to be related to but distinct from other constructs in organizational behavior. For example, Robinson et al. (2004, p. 8) state that:engagement contains many of the elements of both commitment and OCB, but is by no means a perfect match with either. In addition, neither commitment nor OCB reflectsufficiently two aspects of engagement – its two-way nature, and the extent to which engaged employees are expected to have an element of business awareness.Organizational commitment also differs from engagement in that it refers to a person's attitude and attachment towards their organization. Engagement is not an attitude; it is the degree to which an individualis attentive and absorbed in the performance of their roles. And while OCB involves voluntary and informal behaviors that can help co-workers and the organization, the focus of engagement is one's formal role performance rather than extra-role and voluntary behavior.Engagement also differs from job involvement. According to May et al. (2004), job involvement is the result of a cognitive judgment about the need satisfying abilities of the job and is tied to one's self-image. Engagement has to do with how individuals employ themselves in the performance of their job. Furthermore, engagement involves the activeuse of emotions and behaviors in addition to cognitions. May et al. (2004, p. 12) also suggest that “engagement may be thought of as an antecedent to job involvement in that individuals who experience deep engagement in their roles should come to identify with their jobs.”In summary, although the definition and meaning of engagement in the practitioner literature often overlaps with other constructs, in the academic literature it has been defined as a distinct and unique construct that consists of cognitive,emotional, and behavioral components that are associated with individual role performance. Furthermore, engagement is distinguishable from several related constructs, most notably organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and job involvement.Employee engagement models and theoryGiven the limited research on employee engagement, there has beenlittle in the way of model or theory development. However, there are two streams of research that provide models of employee engagement. In his qualitative study on the psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work, Kahn (1990) interviewed summer campcounselors and organizational members of an architecture firm abouttheir moments of engagement and disengagement at work. Kahn (1990) found that there were three psychological conditions associated with engagement or disengagement at work: meaningfulness, safety, and availability. In other words, workers were more engaged at work in situations that offered them more psychological meaningfulness and psychological safety, and when they were more psychologically available.In the only study to empirically test Kahn's (1990) model, May et al. (2004) found that meaningfulness, safety, and availability were significantly related to engagement. They also found that job enrichment and role fit were positive predictors of meaningfulness; rewarding co-worker and supportive supervisor relations were positive predictors of safety while adherence to co-worker norms and self-consciousness were negative predictors; and resources available was a positive predictor of psychological availability while participation in outside activities was a negative predictor.The other model of engagement comes from the burnout literaturewhich describes job engagement as the positive antithesis of burnoutnoting that burnout involves the erosion of engagement with one's job (Maslach et al., 2001). According to Maslach et al. (2001), six areas of work-life lead to burnout and engagement: workload, control, rewards and recognition, community and social support, perceived fairness, and values. They argue that job engagement is associated with a sustainable workload, feelings of choice and control, appropriate recognition and reward, a supportive work community, fairness and justice, and meaningful and valued work. Like burnout, engagement is expected to mediate the link between these six work-life factors and various work outcomes.Although both Kahn's (1990) and Maslach et al.'s (2001) models indicate the psychological conditions or antecedents that are necessary for engagement, they do not fully explain why individuals will respond to these conditions with varying degrees of engagement. A stronger theoretical rationale for explaining employee engagement can be found in social exchange theory (SET).SET argues that obligations are generated through a series of interactions between parties who are in a state of reciprocal interdependence. A basic tenet of SET is that relationships evolve over time into trusting, loyal, and mutual commitments as long as the parties abide by certain “rules” of exchange (Cropanzano and Mictchell, 2005). Rules of exchange usually involve reciprocity or repayment rules such that the actions of one party lead to a response or actions by the other party. For example, when individuals receive economic andsocioemotional resources from their organization, they feel obliged to respond in kind and repay the organization (Cropanzano and Mitchell, 2005). This is consistent with Robinson et al.'s (2004) description of engagement as a two-way relationship between the employer and employee.One way for individuals to repay their organization is through their level of engagement. That is, employees will choose to engage themselves to varying degrees and in response to the resources they receive from their organization. Bringing oneself more fully into one's work rolesand devoting greater amounts of cognitive, emotional, and physical resources is a very profound way for individuals to respond to an organization's actions. It is more difficult for employees to vary their levels of job performance given that performance is often evaluated and used as the basis for compensation and other administrative decisions. Thus, employees are more likely to exchange their engagement for resources and benefits provided by their organization.. In summary, SET provides a theoretical foundation to explain why employees choose to become more or less engaged in their work and organization. The conditions of engagement in both Kahn's (1990) and Maslach et al.'s (2001) model can be considered economic and socioemotional exchange resources within SCT. When employees receive these resources from their organization they feel obliged to repay the organization with greater levels of engagement. In terms of Kahn's (1990) definition of engagement, employees feel obliged to bring themselves more deeply into their role performances as repayment for the resources they receive from theirorganization. When the organization fails to provide these resources, individuals are more likely to withdraw and disengage themselves from their roles. Thus, the amount of cognitive, emotional, and physical resources that an individual is prepared to devote in the performance of one's work roles is contingent on the economic and socioemotional resources received from the organization.Study hypothesesFigure 1 shows a model of employee engagement. At the core of the model are two types of employee engagement: job and organization engagements. This follows from the conceptualization of engagement as role related (Kahn, 1990; Rothbard, 2001); that is, it reflects the extent to which an individual is psychologically present in a particular organizational role. The two most dominant roles for most organizational members are their work role and their role as a member of an organization. Therefore, the model explicitly acknowledges this by including both job and organization engagements. This also follows from the notion that people have multiple roles and as suggested by Rothbard (2001) as well as May et al. (2004), research should examine engagement in multiple roles within organizations.Antecedents of employee engagementAlthough there is little empirical research on the factors that predict employee engagement, it is possible to identify a number of potential antecedents from Kahn's (1990) and Maslach et al.'s (2001) model. While the antecedents might differ for job and organizationengagement, identical hypotheses are made for both types of engagement given the lack of previous research and this being the first study to examine both job and organization engagement. (节选)译文:员工敬业度的前因后果Alan M. Saks.近几年,员工敬业度一直受到关注。
经济师考试人力资源管理专业知识和实务(中级)模拟试题(答案在后面)一、单项选择题(本大题有60小题,每小题1分,共60分)1、人力资源管理的基本原则之一是什么?A. 科学管理原则B. 以人为本原则C. 经济效益原则D. 制度化管理原则2、关于绩效管理描述正确的是?A. 绩效管理就是简单的绩效评估。
B. 绩效管理只是人力资源部门的职责。
C. 绩效管理是一个持续的过程,包括绩效计划、绩效实施、绩效考核和绩效反馈等多个环节。
D. 绩效管理只关注员工的个人绩效,与团队和组织绩效无关。
3、在人力资源管理中,员工职业生涯规划的目的是( )。
A、帮助员工实现个人职业目标B、帮助企业实现长期人力资源规划C、提高员工的工作满意度D、促进员工的职业发展4、根据《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》,以下关于固定期限劳动合同的说法,不正确的是( )。
A、固定期限劳动合同期满,当事人可以续订B、固定期限劳动合同可以随时终止C、固定期限劳动合同不得超过涉事员工的法定退休年龄D、固定期限劳动合同期满,公司应当支付经济补偿5、根据《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》规定,用人单位与劳动者订立的劳动合同中应当包括( )。
A. 工作内容和工作地点B. 工作时间和休息休假C. 社会保险和福利待遇D. 工资支付方式和标准6、以下哪项不属于人力资源管理的核心职能?A. 招聘与配置B. 培训与发展C. 绩效管理与激励D. 人事档案管理7、以下哪项不属于员工招聘的渠道?A. 互联网B. 校园招聘C. 内部推荐D. 报纸杂志8、以下哪项不属于员工绩效考核的指标?A. 工作效率B. 工作质量C. 个人能力发展D. 与同事关系9、下列哪个因素不属于人力资源管理的主要内容( )A. 招聘与选拔B. 培训与发展C. 绩效管理D. 薪酬福利管理 10、以下哪项不是员工绩效评估的方法( )A. 360度评估法B. 目标管理法C. 对比分析法D. 强制性评估法11.关于绩效管理的说法中,哪一项是不正确的?A. 绩效管理是人力资源管理的核心环节之一B. 有效的绩效管理能够显著提高员工的工作积极性和效率C. 良好的绩效管理必须通过严厉的惩罚和奖励制度来实现D. 绩效管理体系应该随着企业的发展战略变化进行适应性调整12.关于职业生涯规划的说法中,哪一项是不准确的?A. 职业生涯规划是员工个人发展的一个重要过程B. 企业提供的职业发展机会是职业生涯规划成功的关键因素之一C. 职业生涯规划只包括个人对职业目标的选择和规划,与企业无关D. 职业生涯规划应当考虑个人的兴趣、能力和价值观与职业需求的匹配程度13、据调查表明,员工在工作中最不满意的方面是哪一个?A、薪酬福利B、职业发展C、工作压力D、同事关系14、在企业绩效管理系统中最常用的指标是什么?A、销售额B、市场份额C、客户满意度D、员工满意度15、下列哪一项不是人力资源管理计划的组成部分?A、人力资源需求预测B、人才招聘和选拔C、绩效管理和评价D、财务预算管理16、根据国家劳动法规定,下列哪种劳动合同类型不得以试用形式签订?A、长期合同B、固定期限合同C、非全职合同D、项目合同17、企业绩效管理中,常用的评估指标体系主要包括以下哪些方面?A、出勤率、加班时长B、产量、成本、效率C、员工满意度、工作能力、职业技能D、上述所有18、下列关于“九种激励机制”的描述,哪一项不准确?A、区别性的奖励来自于对员工个人的特殊贡献B、名誉激励来源于社会认可和赞誉C、竞争激励源于个人与他人之间的竞争D、物质激励核心在于员工所得的物质利益提升19、下列哪项不属于《劳动法》所列明的用工关系类型?A. 集体合同关系B. 劳资协议关系C. 雇佣合同关系D. 兼职兼顾关系 20、在人才素质评价中,哪种评价方法较为侧重于主观判断?A. 360度评价B.行为评分法C.测评测试D.工作模拟21、人力资源规划的基本步骤包括()。
企业数字化转型时别把员工当工具作者:吴俊宇来源:《风流一代·TOP青商》2020年第01期人才管理的核心在于,把人当人,而不是当工具。
人力资源行业有一个词叫engagement,在中文中被翻译为“敬业度”。
英文中它的含义指的是人与人之间的真诚交往、并肩作战以及相互信任带来的认同度。
很多中国公司理解“敬业度”,常陷入一个误区——强调上级对下级的管理和员工的“服从度”。
然而,欧美公司关注敬业,其实是关注员工的满意度和愉悦感。
差企业在做企业数字化转型时,面对人才往往是把他们当工具。
这个逻辑在于,缺个坑、给点钱、填个人。
这导致的结果是,员工仅仅只是出卖自己一部分时间,而不会出卖自己的灵魂。
这种企业希望借助数字化解决方案直接找到所谓当下“合适的人”,希望招之即用,但却不重视员工感受和员工成长。
这种结果是,员工干个1~2年发现职业瓶颈之后选择离职。
公司人力资源始终处于动荡状态。
好企业在做企业数字化转型时,面对人才往往是把他们当人看。
这个逻辑在于,希望借助数字化解决方案发现人才的个性与优势,人才不仅需要当下适合,长期发展的角度更要价值观匹配。
把人当成工具的逻辑强逼996,只会导致情绪反感,最后上班如上坟。
去年9月,领英曾发布一份名为《第一份工作趋势洞察》的报告。
这份报告显示,90后的平均在职时间只有19个月,00后的平均在职时间只有7个月——这组数据相比70后、80后动辄40~50个月的时间几乎呈“血崩”态势。
这种数据带来的启发是——企业人才管理需要关注数字化转型,尤其是需要在意年轻一代的敬业度。
招聘,说白了,是招一群价值观相符的人,一起做一件可以全情投入的事情。
企业的人才战略其实和那个人生三问没什么区别——我是谁,我从哪里来,要到哪里去。
只不过到了企业,变成了一群人是谁,一群人从哪里来,一群人要到哪儿去。
企业人才管理解决方案如同企业的“心理医生”,帮助认识、识别自己。
战略规划、吸引招聘、组织发展,针对“企业要找什么样的人才”“人才在哪里、怎么招”“人才怎么留存和激活”——总而言之,是提高人的engagement。
EXPERTS大家EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT员工敬业度:数据不是唯一 共赢才是目的文/TEXT: 怡安翰威特: 杨柳青 吴国骅 童宁宁 张婵企业一切发展归根结底要通过广大员工的共同努力才能实现。
因此,如何驱动员工敬业乐业,成为宝钢二次创业、转型发展过程中亟需解决的重要课题。
从2010年起,宝钢携手怡安翰威特启动了员工敬业度调研。
这项活动由集团总部牵头,下属单位协助配合,调研范围覆盖钢铁主业和多元产业各子公司。
截至目前,已完成了三次敬业度调研。
攝影:刘 杰员工敬业度不同于员工满意度。
在怡安翰威特看来,员工敬业度指的是员工对于公司投入的感情、智慧和努力的状况。
敬业度有三个衡量的维度——乐于宣传、乐于留用和乐于努力。
乐于宣传是指员工会主动与同事、潜在同事,尤其是向客户高度赞扬公司;乐于留用是员工强烈希望成为公司的一员;乐于努力是员工会积极投入地工作,为企业的成功付出额外努力。
通过对这三者——乐于宣传、乐于留用、乐于努力——的把握与衡量,可以了解公司员工目前的敬业状态。
2003年起 ,宝钢对标赶超的目标——浦项制铁与怡安翰威特合作开展员工敬业度调研活动。
十年间,浦项制铁的员工敬业度水平稳步上升,与此同时,其销售收入、客户满意度、员工离职率等关键经营绩效指标也呈现出良好的发展态势,形成了员工与企业共同发展的良性循环。
宝钢二次创业将“成为员工与企业共同发展的公司典范”作为三大愿景之一。
在此背景下,敬业度调研成为建立完善员工与企业共同发展机制的一个重要输入。
企业通过员工敬业度模型,可以了解到一些什么呢?怡安翰威特的员工敬业度模型——包括敬业度衡量框架、驱动因素分析框架、影响力分析框架,除了可以帮助企业把握员工目前的敬业状态,还可以帮助企业了解影响员工敬业状态的潜在原因、提升员工敬业状态的优先次序等。
此外,通过怡安翰威特所积累的外部市场数据,企业还可以实施对标分析,从而了解自身相较于市场及所在行业的相对水平的高低。
根据怡安翰威特最佳雇主2011年的调研结果,最佳雇主(其员工敬业度的平均得分为85%)比其它雇主(其员工敬业度的平均得分为57%)拥有更好的经营业绩和财务回报,以及更强的人才保留与吸引能力。
以经营业绩和财务回报为例,怡安翰威特在长期跟踪分析大量上市公司的经营业绩后发现,敬业度超过65%的企业,其全面股东回报高于均值15个基点;相反,那些敬业度得分低于45%的企业,其经营业绩进入下滑通道,全面股东回报低于均值28个基点。
研究发现,最佳雇主拥有四大“制胜法则”——>>管理层有清晰的愿景并能履行对员工的承诺;>>打造高绩效的员工队伍;>>保持并强化高效的人力资源管理和操作实践,将人才管理作为企业战略重点之一;>>擅于运用员工敬业度调研来提升公司人力资源管理的有效性。
在宝钢开展员工敬业度调研的三年间,员工敬业度的概念深入人心,调研参与人数从2010年的26966人上升到2012年的36420人,有效反馈率则从2010年的87.2%上升到2012年的93.7%。
随着湛江钢铁、韶关钢铁的陆续加入,敬业度调研的范围也在不断扩大。
从调研结果的变化趋势来看。
宝钢集团的整体敬业度水平从2010年的46%上升到了2012年的52%。
这表明,通过三年的不懈努力,宝钢正处于敬业度上升通道。
尽管与最佳雇主仍有差距,但鉴于近年钢铁行业的周期性表现以及制造行业的整体疲弱,宝钢能够实现敬业度的稳步提高已属难能可贵。
此外,通过对宝钢14家下属单位的调研结果的追踪,我们发现2012年有近50%的单位员工敬业度水平呈上升趋势。
更为可喜的是,“宣传”、“留任”与“努力”三项敬业行为均呈上升趋势,特别是“努力”。
这说明员工的责任感与使命感更强,与企业共进退的意愿更强,并且更愿意通过自身的行动帮助公司提升经营绩效。
从对调研活动的认知及调研结果的应用方式来看。
在与下属单位的交流与沟通中,我们发现各单位对员工敬业度调研活动已基本形成了正向的认知,并且能在不同程度上深入分析并合理运用调研结果。
尤为难得的是,数据已经不再成为大家唯一的关注点,而是将敬业度调研作为一个组织自身“体检”的过程,将敬业度结果作为日常工作的“晴雨表”,不断发现问题、解决问题。
同时,以敬业度调研为契机,使管理者更好地了解员工的感受和心声,从而建立起良好的互动关系,增进彼此的信任感。
从所提出的行动方案的有效性来看。
在对影响敬业度水平的驱动因素分析的基础上,我们发现三年间宝钢集团整体驱动因素结果呈现明显的上升趋势,特别是“制度与流程”、“资源”、“学习与发展”及“多元化”四项驱动因素的上升幅度尤为显著。
这说明公司在制度流程的梳理与优化、资源投入,特别是信息化建设、学习与发展机会的提供以及开放包容的企业文化建设等方面获得了更多员工的认同。
从未来一段时期的工作重点来看。
从过往三年的调研结果看,未来宝钢在打造高敬业员工群体的过程中,还将面临不少困难与挑战。
这种困难与挑战与当下的经济形势有关,与公司所处的行业竞争格局有关,也与公司自身的企业背景有关。
以“工资待遇”、“福利”、“资源”等为例,如何提升员工的薪酬感知度、如何满足员工福利的多样性需求、如何提升人力资源使用效率等,宝钢集团包括下属各子公司都需要进行更为深入的探索与思考,并结合自身实际,制定更有效的行动改善计划。
除了思考并回答好上述命题之外,宝钢还应充分发挥好人力资源部门与业务部门彼此的角色与作用。
作为调研活动的牵头者与组织者,人力资源部应该通过调研结果的比对与分析,协助业务部门发现自身在敬业度和影响敬业度的驱动因素等方面的问题与差距。
作为调研活动的配合者与落实者,业务部门特别是业务部门的直线经理,应该在人力资源部门的协助下,通过对调研结果的分析与解读,挖掘并聚焦提升敬业度的关键因素,进而制订出对应的行动改善方案。
通过人力资源部门与业务部门的紧密协EXPERTS大家2012年有近50%的单位员工敬业度水平呈上升趋势。
更为可喜的是,“宣传”、“留任”与“努力”三项敬业行为均呈上升趋势,特别是“努力”。
这说明员工的责任感与使命感更强,与企业共进退的意愿更强,并且更愿意通过自身的行动帮助公司提升经营绩效。
作,员工敬业度调研将成为一个有效的管理工具与手段,帮助组织通过发现问题、聚焦问题、改善问题的方式来提升人力资源管理的有效性,进而帮助所在单位经营绩效的提升。
当下,钢铁企业正经历着变革与转型的“阵痛”。
在此过程中,员工的挫折感和迷茫感加剧,队伍士气亦会受到影响。
尤其是当前钢铁企业在装备、技术等“硬实力”已相差无几的情况下,以“人”为核心的软实力就成为竞争的关键要素。
敬业的员工是宝钢实现创新驱动、加速转型发展的重要动力,而员工敬业度调研不仅可以让员工借助组织调研吐露心声、表达想法,公司也能够在沟通交流的过程中向员工传递正面的信息——对员工的重视与珍惜,以此形成双向沟通渠道,增强员工的凝聚力。
因此,未来若干年,宝钢应探索将敬业度调研作为常态化机制,并结合宝钢内部的人力资源体系评审以及员工满意度调研、管理者调研问卷等,形成完整的闭环管理。
通过打造一支高敬业的员工群体,不断攻坚克难,驱动业绩提升,以最终实现员工与企业共同发展的宏伟愿景。
2012宝钢股份“发现宝钢的美”摄影大赛作品 《聚——畅想》攝影:韩 栋EXPERTS大家案例分享12012年员工敬业度的调研结果显示,宝钢金属经过两年的积淀,从敬业度的“稳定地带”迈入“高绩效/最佳雇主地带”,实现了质的飞跃。
这一飞跃并非偶然,而是“水到渠成”。
首先,宝钢金属秉持“既重视又不为所囿”的理念。
“重视”是一方面让管理者重视,通过会议、培训等活动向管理者反复强调敬业度犹如一面“镜子”,可以反映出自身在员工发展方面的长处和不足,发现改进机会;另一方面是让员工重视,员工是敬业度调研的主体,员工是否认真参与直接关系到调研的质量。
因此,宝钢金属在调研前通过多种平台进行宣传,在调研中安排工作人员到现场,在保证员工“零压力”参与的同时,提供相关的咨询与辅导。
更为可贵的是,宝钢金属能够尽可能做到不被敬业度调研数据所牵绊。
尤其是管理者,不以数据为纲,而是努力挖掘数据背后可改善的空间;各单位之间也尽量避免“英雄排座次”,形成压力。
宝钢金属的“不为所囿”,充分彰显了敬业度调研的本质与初衷,在公司内部形成一种良好的氛围,保证敬业度调研活动的公正与可信。
其次,宝钢金属坚持“功夫在平时”。
以与员工的沟通互动为例,宝钢金属除了“三级对话网络”、向员工发布《员工发展报告》等正式渠道外,还建立了各种非正式沟通渠道,包括快读空间、交流园地等。
通过这些沟通渠道,一方面能够及时收集、管理好员工的需求与关注点,解决“三最”问题;另一方面,适时发布公司的重要动态,令员工切实感受到公司对自己的重视。
此外,宝钢金属坚持把公司的价值主张与企业文化贯彻到日常管理中。
我们在调研中还发现,宝钢金属能够主动对敬业度调研结果进行深度挖掘,并且为各子公司编制敬业度调研报告,在公布本轮敬业度相关指标的同时,也对上轮改善情况进行评价与反思。
对“关键改善领域”,宝钢金属通过数据分析与信息收集,有针对性地制定改善措施,人力资源部对实施情况进行跟踪反馈。
可以说,正是宝钢金属在日常工作中以员工敬业度为指引,不断发现薄弱环节与改善空间,脚踏实地并富于创造性地进行优化与提高,才铸就了宝钢金属成长历程中的新高度。
宝钢金属:飞跃并非偶然不以数据为纲,而是努力挖掘数据背后可改善的空间。
案例分享2从2010到2012年,宝钢不锈的员工敬业度水平累计上升了21个点,保持稳健提升的态势。
这一成绩对宝钢不锈来说,着实不易。
因为这三年,宝钢不锈面临着市场持续低迷、企业转型调整的严峻挑战。
但是,宝钢不锈从大局着眼,积极营造激情智慧工作、健康快乐生活的良好氛围,逐步建立了员工敬业度提升“五步工作法”,包括策划实施、剖析报告、走访调研、制订计划、推进落实等,形成员工敬业度的系统性提升方案。
在调研过程中我们发现,宝钢不锈下属各单位也积极开展了多种探索与实践,其中,制造管理部在提升员工敬业度方面的做法和经验很值得借鉴和推广。
制造管理部承担着公司的生产制造、生产物流等重要工作,强度高、责任大,员工倍感“鸭梨山大”。
为了实施有效的员工管理,制造管理部从2011年起对全体员工开展了情绪管理,通过预报、预警、预调的方式,在不良情绪产生之前或萌芽状态时,及时发现并调整员工的负面情绪。
如:公司改制易引发群体性思想和情绪波动,奥运会期间可能导致员工过度疲劳、过度兴奋和过度低落,另外不同天气或季节也容易引发群体性情绪倾向。
对此,制造管理部实施情绪预报,做到温馨提示,让员工做好情绪保健;启动“组织干预”,引导相关管理人员及当事人,采取预先调节的措施,如引导、提醒员工注意保证充足的休息,组织适当的健身活动等。