实用口译Unit 9 Sentence structure and interpreting

上外中级口译第三版听力教程原文及讲解--Unit9第一篇：上外中级口译第三版听力教程原文及讲解--Unit 9 Unit nine.Part one.About single sex education.3.Exercises.1.This is a talk given by an educator about single sex education.Listen and supply missing words you hear from the talk.I am going to be discussing the benefits of single sex education.As a teacher and advisor in an all girl school, I am often asked to defend single sex education.Specifically all girls education as if girl schools were on trial.I personally strongly recommend single sex education for girls.But the arguments against this form of education can be quite powerful.So I would like to begin by pointing out 3 of the main arguments against all girl schools.First of all, critics of all girl schools argue that the separation of the sexes seems old fashioned.It goes against the aims and the goal of feminism educators which is to provide fairness.To make sure boys and girls have the same educational opportunities and are treated in the same ways.Secondly, the critics say that in single sex schools boys and girls can’t develop the ability to interact with one another.They point out that in single sex schools boys and girls can’t learn how to be comfortable with each other and also how to compete with each other.The third criticism is that single sex schools don’t provide children with the smooth transition into the adult world where men and women live together.In single sex schools, these critics say, boys and girls cannot become prepared for a world in which they will work, play and live together as adults.But although these are serious arguments I believe that single sex education is beneficial for girls.In the second part of this lecture I will focus on two strong advantages of single sex education.It values girls’unique qualities and it helps girls develop self confidence.2.The following part is a continuation to the above talk.Listen and then provide the missing information in the spaces given below.The real benefit of all girls education is that it values girls’ unique qualities, the qualities that make them different from boys.What are these unique qualities? Well, I am going to list a few.First of all, girls can often concentrate on higher level abstract thinking at an earlier age than boys can.Secondly, they can often work for longer periods of time.Girls also enjoy collaborative learning activities and so they work well in groups.Finally, as girls mature, they are often kind of co-operative rather than competitive.These four qualities are valued in all girls schools.The second benefit of single sex education is that it helps girls develop self-confidence.I strongly believe that girls become more self-confident without the distraction and different learning styles of boys.In a single sex environment girls enjoy being leaders.They offer help to others and they also ask for help when they need it.For example, if they don’t understand a math or science concept they will ask for clarification.But when girls are in the same classroom as boys they often lose their self esteem.Boys are sometimes a louder, and may jump up out of their seats and wave their arms at people’s faces, if they know the answer to a teacher’s question.If this happens girls typically sink back in their chairs and wait for the boys to quiet down.But if there are no boys around girls can feel free and be themselves.Now it’s true that all girl schools do separate girls from the real world while they are growing up.But in the real adult world boys are the ones who set the rules of the game.And these rules don’t necessarily reflect the needs or talents of girls.In an all girl school girls can become confident enough to challenge the rules.And thenperhaps they can change the real world into a place designed to accommodate both men and women.Part two.Statements.2.Exercises.Listen and then choose the answer that is closest in meaning to each statement you hear.1)This project is urgent.I have to type all these reports by Monday morning.So there goes my sleep this weekend.2)We are thinking of asking professor Brown if he can give the exam during the final week of classes.But we are told that th ere isn’t much chance of that.3)Professor White Head hadn’t planned to invite her to the Monday meeting.But he changed his mind at the last minute.4)Since it’s going to cut your fortune to get your car fix why don’t you just trade it for a new one?5)It is essential to stay healthy when you are faced with important examinations.Studying all night will be good for neither your grades nor your health.6)The committee finally reached a decision.And I couldn’t have hoped for a better outcome.Everybody says they haven’t seen like this for weeks.7)I had a hard time getting through this novel.Who can remember the names of all those 45 characters in it?8)Michael has put all his time and mind into his studies.Though he has only studied English for two years he speaks it very well.9)We’ve undercharged them.The invoice doesn’t include the legal fees or our agency commission.We need to inform them of this immediately.10)We have little choice about when to send the application.Yesterday was too soon to send it and tomorrow will be too late.11)It took 2 weeks longer than usual to get your package because the postal workers were on strike.12)The price of the car was so low that it made Brad suspicious of the value.He hesitated for 10 days and still made no decision.13)When he met us on Thursday professor Baker saidthat he tried to reschedule the class at a time convenient to the majority.14)If it takes Mike two hours to do the East Asian history assignment it will take the rest of the class double the time.15)Why bother to call Smith and tell him about the meeting this afternoon.We will see him at lunch.16)The snack bar is not always this deserted.It’s the end of the semester.Everyone is in the library studying.17)We’d expected the repairs to cost us about 15 dollars, but they charged us 3 times as much.18)Ms.Plate came to meet us at the reception.I thought that she was the secretary, but she turned out to be the president of the company.19)After studying mathematics for two years at a German university in Berlin, she has changed to an architecture program in an American university in Washington.20)Even though the doctor has advised him to quit, Bob still smokes a pack of cigarettes a day.中级口译听力教程第三版4B Part 3.3.Exercises.1.It’s cool for everyone to be successful.Listen to the short conversation and then choose the best answer to each question you hear.M: Mary, do you think you have ever been discriminated against because you are a woman? W: Well, let’s see.I have two answers for that.The first answer is yes.That’s my gut feeling.But sometimes I think no.I am not being discriminated against.I just need to try harder.I guess I am saying yes and no.Look, we are in a society where discrimination is definitely going on in the business world.I see women getting paid less than men do for the same position.And often women get jobs as assistance but they are the ones who do all the work.Also there is thus old boys club, the support network that men have.Men do help each other, and they could help women too.But they don’t.M: So then you are saying that men do have an easier time of it.W: Yeah, it is easier for men.But I have mixedfeelings.Sometimes I think that I am just making excuses for myself.What I ask myself is, “Am I good enough?” “Am I as good as the men?” Perhaps I am not.But I rea lly believe that if I do the work necessary in the business world, I will be able to be as successful as any men.I think that there is much more of level playing field than there was before.There is much more opportunities now for women than when I was younger.M: And do you think successful women help other women?W: Yes, I do.Women tend to think of helping themselves and helping other people too.And I hope that I can help to increase the opportunities for many young girls as well as boys.M: You want to help boys also?W: Of course.It’s cool for everyone to be successful.And I do see progress in the future.I really do.Questions:1)What is this conversation mainly about?2)Mary mentions several things that point to discrimination against women.Which of the following is not one of these things?3)Which of the following statements is true according to the conversation? 4)In which of the following fields does Mary probably work?2.Do you think there is rarely quality now? This is a short conversation about the changing gender roles.Listen and choose the best answer to each question you hear.W: Michael, I’d like to ask your opinion about how gender roles are changing.Do you think there is rarely quality now?M: That’s absolutely not true.The first thing is that the re is still a paid disparity.Women make only about 70 percent of the dollar that men earn.There have been changes in the last 20 years or so, but that have been relatively modest.And there is still that glass ceiling where women hit this invisible barrier as they try tomove up.W: Could you give me an example of the glass ceiling?M: Well, look at this.I am a social worker.90 percent of my colleagues are women.But both the CEO and his boss are men.So the top executives are men, and you know, the lower paid levels, most of them are women.I think that men are much more likely to be raised with the sense of entitlement than women.W: And what about quality at home?M: I don’t think there is a quality there, either.You see I think that gender differences often operate on unconscious levels.It almost never occurs to men that they can do house work just as well as women or take care of children.Even if they have divorced and have custody of a child.But women have been parenting children alone for ever.And women just assume that they can do it.W: How has it affected you in your own life?M: Well, with both of my children from 2 different marriages,I was always the person who got up at night and gave the babya bottle.I was always very actively involved with caring for my children cooking for them.And I joined a play group with my son 25 years ago.Incidentally I was the only male involved.And I loved it.W: Good for you!M: That was very very different from my father’s generation.My father had almost nothing to do with us until we were 8 or 10.He held us and gave us some smiles and so on.But he wasn’t really an active parent.But I was determined to be a part of the joy of it all.W: So what you are saying is that the situation has changed but there is still inequality.M: Oh, yes, I think that’s true absolutely.Questions:1)What’s Michael’s opinion about how gender roles are changing?2)About what percentage of men’s pay to women make forthe same type of job? 3)Which of the following statements is true about the quality at home? 4)Which of the following statements best describes Michael?3.Gender and language.This is a part of a lecture about gender and language.Listen carefully and then supply the missing parts of the answers to the following questions.Good morning.Please take notes on today’s lecture.Everyone should pick up his pen or rather everyone should pick up her pen, or everyone should pick up his/her pen, or her/his pen.Wait let me start again.Everyone should pick up their pens.Is that correct? You get my point, right? The title of this lecture is Gender and Language.What I am going to discuss more specifically is the topic of sexism and language and how to avoid it.First then, is it true that language can be sexist? The answer is yes, it can.Take the example of this word, Mister.What word has the same meaning for women? There is none.There is Misses which means I am married.There is Miss which means it’s none of your business whether I am married or not.Well, not exactly, but you get my point.Let’s turn to the question of gender’s specific terms.Many terms like mailman or policeman are gender specific.They all refer to man.If there are women who do these jobs, so what do we do? Well a safe option is to use what we call gender neutral terms such as mail-carrier or police-officer.Why should we use gender neutral language? Well, first of all, because it describes the world the way really is.If children grow up hearing the word chairman then the internalized idea that all leaders are men which isn’t true.Secondly it’s a q uestion of equality.For example when people say mankind it sounds as if they are only talking about man.But when you say human beings or people then you include both men and women.But vocabulary isn’t theonly problem.Grammar is a problem too.Do you remember the example I gave at the beginning, everyone should pick up pen.Well, I wasn’t really making a joke.The fact is I have to choose a broad noun, and I don’t want to give the impression that everyone in the room is male or female either.So I am facing a d ilemma.What’s the solution? Well, personally, I prefer to say, everyone should pick up their pen(s).I realize this is not grammatically correct.But it does avoid sexism.And you will find that most university professors and writers would probably make the same choice that I do.Look at the newspaper, or look around you on the bus or on the subway.You will see plural pro-nouns in places you might not expect.Part 4.Listening and translation.3.Exercises.1.Sentence translation.Listen and translate each sentence you have heard into Chinese.Then write it in the space given below.1)Nine out of ten trade visitors interviewed were generally very satisfied with the fare.And 92 percent of the visitors spontaneously declare to intend to visit the fare again in 2008.2)Some nations have worked to meet the shortage of clean fresh water.They are trying to keep their rivers from being polluted.3)I read that according to recent statistics 67 percent of Americans favor the death penalty in cases of murder.That’s 2/3 of the population.4)A gold watch and a necklace were stolen from a home on Broad Street.The criminals entered the house through a bathroom window.5)A man was arrested at midnight on Harper Street, because he was carrying a handgun without license.He was taken to the police station for questioning.2.Passage translation.Listen and translate each passage you have heard into Chinese.Then write it in the space given below.You may take notes while you are listening.1)Doctors think that most people cannot live beyond a hundred years.But agrowing number of scientists believe that the aging process can be controlled.There are more than 12,000 Americans over 100 years old who receive social security benefits, and their numbers are increasing each year.Some scientists claim that theoretically and under ideal conditions animals including men can live 5 times longer than their normal period of growth.A person’s period of growth last approximately 25 years.If this theory is accurate future generations can expect a life-span of 150 years.2)Well, the neighbor-hood watch program has been running for more than 5 months, and has been incredibly successful.We used to have a lot of minor problems on our block, but now it’s very quiet.Everyone knows that our neighborhood is off limits for trouble makers.Just last week we won a special award from the mayor’s office.All of us were invited to a big award ceremony.We had dinner, heard some guests speakers, and then accepted our award for out-standing community service.Unit Nine Part one About single-sex education Feminist n.女权主义者adj.主张男女平等的, 女权主义的Liberal宽容忍耐的;心胸宽?的;无偏见的/慷慨的;大方的/（指教育）扩展心智的, 德育的（不单纯作职业或技术的训练）/自由党人/不严格的;自由的;不讲究准确性的To interact(with)相互作用;相互影响/指人）一起活动或互相合作（尤指为互相联系Beneficial有益的;有用的;有好处的: Collaborative adj.协作的, 合作的 Clarification n.澄清, 阐明Self-esteem自尊;自负: high/low self-esteem 很强的[弱的]自尊心/ injure sb's self-esteem 伤某人的自尊心 To accommodate Feminists Part two To undercharge（某人）少收（某物的）价款 Invoice发票;发货清单;服务费用清单: Agent’s commission 代理商佣金 En route on the way 在路上;在中途Part three Gender生理上的）性别分类, 性Disparity n.不同，不等。

高口口译E-C Unit 9.Bilingual Educaiton 双语教育Passage 1Misunderstandings abund over Bilingual educaion. It's not about spea king two languages or learning two languages at the same time.It's no t about programs conducted mostly in english.Bilingual education is not structured english immersion or engish as a second language when the children are expected to moved into english quickly after one or two years learning. The transitional bilingual education is supposed to make students take courseds in their native languages. This way th ey would not fall behind in other courses.This was the rationale of t he highly successful Newcomers of San Francisco and other places.Bili ngual Educaiton, however fell victim to theorists of language educati on faciliation theorists, who claim the children are only to learn a second language until they are fully literate in their first one.The process supposedly takes 6 or 7 years, during which the sudents must learn native languages.Slowly english work into curriculum until the threshhold is crossed . In other words, the children are to learn eng lish by being taught in their mother tongue.关于．．．的诸多误解 misunderstandings abund over...用英语开设课程program/curriculum/class/course conducted in english Passage 2The United States is far more dependent than in the past on foreign t rades. There is an increasing demand for merchants bankers diplomats and soliders able to communicate in foreign tones.Yet this countrz h as been remiss in educating a sufficient number of men and women with requisite linguistic skills. Zielding to the demands for relevance a nd students pressure for easz grades, american schools colleges and u niversities have long ignored language requirements . US college and unis contain too many youngsters who cannot speak read or write a lan guage coreectly, regardless of their national origin and native langu age. This deficiency is deplorable, as is the mind-set assumes that t he competence in one language to be incompatible with command of anot her.On the contrary, a student fluent in spain can more easily acquir e good english than a student who is incompetent in either tongue. America should seek to turn the tide of linguistic pare with such countries as Switzerland or Holland US is poorly equippesd to teach foreign language, with deplorable or even tragicomic results. Far from spending less on maintaining linguistic prificency, americ should spend more.be far more...than in the past 比过去要...的多be dependent on sth 依赖于be remiss in doing sth- fail in doing sth 没有做到yielding to sth... yielding to the demands for -yielding to the press ure... 屈服于...regardless of ... national origin native language 不管/无论a deplorable deficiency 不如意的结果 mind-set to asume sth 根深蒂固的观念be incompatible with... 与...矛盾/不一致the command of a language 掌握一门语言in reverse-conversly-on the contrary 相反地turn the tide of...turn the table 扭转局面deplorable tragicomic resultsmaintain...proficiencyPassage 3Bilingual Policy has been and remains a key pillar of our education s ystem and national building.It reflects our unique situation as a you ng and multiracial country.By learning mother tongues, the students can not just obtain requiste linguistic skills but access to the deep rivers of their cultures a nd vaues they inherited. By requiring the dtudents to learn mother to ngues, we retain and strengthen our identity as an Asian society, we retain and strengthen our special characters not only as an Asian so ciety but as a multicultural society.We cant tell exactly how our identity as Singaporeans evolve, how our different cultures interact and mesh with each other, how we will re spond to the increasingly globalized world. We do know that Singapore have been richer by having tappedintot heir mother culture and kept them in relevant to the cosmopolitan settings.Our mother tongues andintermingling of mother culture is a source of our vibrancy and give us distinctiveness,Our understandng evolves on how students should learn languages. Here are two points worth highlighting.The first is about providing the students with a context they find fa miliar and interesting.The research suggests that children learn more effectively and achieve facility ig their attention is focused on a true life situation.The second is about the importance of learing language by interaction. The primary objective of language learning is about peoples interact ion with one another.In language classrooms, the true interaction must involve a sharing o f real information.The most successful language teachers, therefore , are able to provide the students with an environemnt, which engages the students to a lively interactionand exchange of information. Anot her area of experiment is in use of english as a tool of learning mot her tongus for certain groups of pupils , at early stage, especially at primary ones.Some teachers have been indeed doing so for years on an informal basis.The project is moniteres and the feedback from the teachers and stude nts are encouraging. There has been a fair airing of views on the mer its of bilingual education in teaching mother tongues.Some are concern that it will result in a substandard chinese languag e, yet there is still broad suppot for the introduction of biligual t eaching method for the chinese students from english speaking homes, who have little exposure to their foreign tongues.The recent debate highlights the importance of certain basic principl es that are inescapable in teaching and learning.Fisrt, there is no longer space for one-size-all-fits teaching method e. Teachers do know the studens differ in how they learn, depending o n their backgrounds, experiences and inherent aptitudesBy teaching language, which methode is most effective will depend on the exposure of the student to his language outside the school, ans e specially at home.We know from the research on the brain that the linguistic ability is distinct from other intellectual abilities. Some studnets are stong overall, buthave difficulties in language study naturally. So we shou ld try hard to help them acquire language competence.Second, equally important principle, whatever we do in education, we should remain pragmatic, and not doctrinaire, in our approach, we sho uld,as the chinese would say, seek the truth from facts.Where the evidence shows that we are not achieving the ones we set ou t to gain, we change methodes, Where aims are not relevant to the cir cumstances, we revise our aims.Bilingual teaching method is an experiment in teaching mother tongues for the students from english speaking homes with little exposure to their mother tongues.We may be well unusual and even unqie in using a language to help in the learning of another. But we are virtually unqiue in having subst antial proportion of children from the families, where their mother t ongue are rarely spoken.The bilingual approach is no substitute for the needs for such parent s and students positive appitude towards their mother tongues. Where there is interest and genuine desire to learn a language, we should t ry our best to encourage the students and minimize the early hurdles.It's akin to learning to ride a bicycle with a pair of small wheels a t the back, the trainer wheels will help the noive cyclist balance on t he bicycle. Once they can keep balance, the trainer wheels are remo ved.a key pillar for... ．．．的支柱a young and multicultural country 一个年轻／多种族的国家abtian linguistic skills 获得语言技巧get access to the deep rivers of cultures and values they inherit了解文化与价值观的渊源retain and strengthen the identity as... 保留并加强．．．的认同感culture interact and mesh with each other 文化的交融和混合keep sth in relevant in ... a cosmopolitan setting 跟上国际发展的步伐keep sth in relevant to...保持．跟上．．．be the source of vibrancy and give sth distinctiveness 活力的源泉赋予．．．特性...points are worth highlighting 有几点值得关注the research suggests... 研究表明．．．the primary objective of sth.... interact with each other ．．．的主要目标是purils at early stage at primary one 低年级的小学生the feedback from ... is encouraging /inspiring ．来自．．．的反响令人鼓舞be concern about sth. 担心．．． broad support for sth 对．．．的广泛支持 the introduction of...method 引进．．．the debate highlights the importance of certain basic principle 辩论点着重在．．．inescapable inescapable responsibilities 不可逃卸的责任There is still room/space for There is no longer room for... 不再．．．落伍 be out of fashionone-size-fits-all methode 千篇一律地方式一视同仁differ from another be distinct from sth 区别于．．．与．．．不同inherent aptitute 内在的指挥／天资 an aptitute testexposure to a language 与语言接触remain pragmatic 保持务实 not dictorinaire 不空谈 seek the truth from the facts 实事求是achieve sth set out to gain 达到预定的目标 revise the aim管理修订目标a substantial proportion of ... 大量的．．．is no substitute for... can not replace... 不能取代，并不意味着。

口译教程9第一篇：口译教程9Module 9 Interpreter’s professional code of conductI Theory and skills口译是集知识与技能、脑力与体力为一体的工作。

口译是一种服务，既然是服务，就有好坏优劣之分。

译员作为这种服务的提供者，主观上自然愿意为社会提供最优质的服务，并期待在此过程中，体现自我价值，得到相应的回报。

然而，各方沟通不够、产生认识差距，或者译员行为失范，都可能导致交际受损甚至失败。

为了促进行业的健康发展，社会需要加深对口译工作性质的认识，更重要的是译员要加强自律，了解并严格遵守口译的职业道德规范。

除了口译界普遍认同的《国际会议口译工作者协会关于职业道德准则的规定》外，世界各国如澳大利亚、英国、法国各国也制定了各自的职业道德准则。

经国家标准化管理委员会批准，中国于2004年6月起开始实施《翻译服务规范∙第一部分笔译》（Specification for Translation Service Part 1: Translation），以规范翻译企业的服务。

相信随着中国口译市场的不断发展，关于口译部分的服务规范也将问世。

在参照国外多版本的口译职业道德准则的基础上，我们认为要成为合格的译员，树立良好的职业形象，至少要遵守以下几条准则： 量力而行，有所为有所不为。

不承担超出自己能力范围的口译工作，即便对方提出的报酬非常诱人。

保证质量。

译员在翻译过程中，要全面、准确、清楚地表述和传达发言人的信息、意愿和情感。

如出现漏译和误译，应酌情给予纠正和补救。

保持中立，不对发言人、发言内容和表达的观点进行任何评论。

坚持操守，秉公办事。

译员不应借助或利用口译工作与他人接触的机会或其他有利条件谋取私利。

口译过程中应精神饱满，保持最佳的工作状态。

同时要有良好的心态和足够的耐心，不论出现何种情况，应避免与发言人和听众当面发生冲突或争执。

信守和约，保守机密。