实验一 BMP文件的读写操作

多媒体技术实验报告项目名称: bmp文件直方图均衡
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提交文档学生学号:
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1.提交报告时间: 2013年 11月16日
2.实验题目: bmp文件直方图均衡
3.实验要求:
1）读入给定BMP格式图像,
2）求输入图像的直方图, 并以文本文件形式输出
3）完成直方图均衡,
4）将直方图均衡后图像以BMP格式输出
5）计算均衡后图像的直方图, 并以文本文件形式输出
6）观察比较均衡前后图像及直方图的不同
4.实验环境: windows 7 操作系统、vc6.0
5.算法描述:
●程序流程图
●测试程序说明
1.用户需将欲测试文件放在该程序目录下
2.启动程序并输入bmp文件名即可,在该目录下的”resource”文件夹下可以看到运
行后的bmp图像以及在bmp图像均衡前后的直方图输出。

6.源程序清单:
●添加必要的注释
7.运行结果:
测试数据选择
测试结果分析
直方图均衡化前的直方图
直方图均衡化后的脂肪图
8.实验运行情况分析(包括算法、运行结果、运行环境等问题的总体讨论)。

●收获
掌握了bmp文件的一些基本特性以及其存储结构, 此外还掌握了直方图均衡的作用与实现。

●特色
●操作简单, 效果良好
●不足
当测试的bmp图片数据很大时, 可能存在内存溢出的现象。

#include <stdio.h>#include "Windows.h"BOOL readBmp(char *bmpName);BOOL saveBmp(char *bmpName, char *imgBuf, int width, int heigh, int biBitCount, RGBQUAD *pColorTable);char *pBmpBuf; //位图数据int bmpWidth; // 图像宽度int bmpHeight; //图像高度int biBiCount; //图像类型，每像素位数RGBQUAD *pColorTable; //位图颜色表指针int main(){char readName[] = "read.BMP";readBmp(readName);char writeName[] = "write.BMP";saveBmp(writeName, pBmpBuf, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBiCount, pColorTable);int lineByte = (bmpWidth*bmpHeight/8+3)/4*4;if (biBiCount == 8){for (int i = 0; i < bmpWidth/2; i++){for (int j = 0; j < bmpHeight/2; j++){*(pBmpBuf+i*lineByte+j) = 0;}}}else if (biBiCount == 24){/////对于24位真彩图，每个像素占三个字节分别存储R、G、B三个颜色分量的颜色值for (int i = 0; i < bmpWidth/2; i++){for (int j = 0; j < bmpHeight/2; j++){for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++)*(pBmpBuf+i*lineByte+j*3+k) = 0; //将rgb三个颜色分量设置成黑色}}}char Name[] = "copy.BMP";saveBmp(Name, pBmpBuf, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBiCount, pColorTable);delete []pBmpBuf;if (biBiCount == 8){delete []pColorTable;}return 0;}BOOL readBmp(char *bmpName ){FILE *pf = fopen(bmpName, "rb");if (pf == NULL) return FALSE;printf("read %s succeeded!\n", bmpName);fseek(pf, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), SEEK_SET);BITMAPINFOHEADER infoHeader;fread(&infoHeader, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, pf);bmpWidth = infoHeader.biWidth;bmpHeight = infoHeader.biHeight;biBiCount = infoHeader.biBitCount;//图像每行的字节数，一定要是4的倍数int lineByte = (bmpWidth*bmpHeight/8+3)/4*4;pBmpBuf = new char[lineByte*bmpHeight];//灰度图像有颜色表if (biBiCount == 8){pColorTable = new RGBQUAD[256];fread(pColorTable, sizeof(RGBQUAD), 1, pf);}fread(pBmpBuf, lineByte*bmpHeight, 1, pf);fclose(pf); //关闭文件return TRUE;}BOOL saveBmp(char *bmpName, char *imgBuf, int width, int heigh, int biBitCount, RGBQUAD *pColorTable ){FILE *pf = fopen(bmpName, "wb");if (pf == NULL) return FALSE;printf("write %s succeeded!\n", bmpName);//写头文件int colorTableSize = 0;if (biBitCount == 8){colorTableSize = 1024;}int lineByte = (width*heigh/8+3)/4*4;BITMAPFILEHEADER filehead;filehead.bfOffBits = 54+colorTableSize;filehead.bfType = 0x4D42;filehead.bfSize = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER)+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)+colorTableSize+lineByte*heig h;filehead.bfReserved1 = 0;filehead.bfReserved2 = 0;fwrite(&filehead, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, pf);BITMAPINFOHEADER infoHead;infoHead.biBitCount = biBitCount;infoHead.biWidth = width;infoHead.biHeight = heigh;infoHead.biSize = 40;infoHead.biClrImportant = 0;infoHead.biSizeImage = lineByte*heigh;infoHead.biClrUsed = 0;infoHead.biPlanes = 1;infoHead.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;infoHead.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;fwrite(&infoHead,sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, pf);if (biBitCount == 8){fwrite(pColorTable, sizeof(RGBQUAD), 256, pf);}fwrite(pBmpBuf, lineByte*heigh, 1, pf);fclose(pf);return TRUE;}。

如何在WIN-TC中或TC++3.0中把一张BMP格式的图片显示出来?下面的是<<C & C++编程实例>>随书光盘上的代码,我在TC2.0下编译通过.它是利用了抖动技术显示了8bit和24bit的位图(也就是256色和16M色位图),应该能满足你的需要.不过,我想问下,你老师教过抖动显示吗?#include <stdio.h>#include <dos.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>#define NoError 0#define ErrorFileOpen 1#define ErrorFileType 2#define ErrorImageColor 3typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER{unsigned int bfType;unsigned long bfSize;unsigned int bfReserved1;unsigned int bfReserved2;unsigned long bfoffBits;}BITMAPFILEHEADER;typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER{unsigned long biSize;unsigned long biWidth;unsigned long biHeight;unsigned int biPlanes;unsigned int biBitCount;unsigned long biCompression;unsigned long biSizeImage;unsigned long biXPelsPerMeter;unsigned long biYPelsPerMeter;unsigned long biClrUsed;unsigned long biClrImportant;} BITMAPINFOHEADER;typedef struct tagRGBQUAD{unsigned char rgbBlue;unsigned char rgbGreen;unsigned char rgbRed;unsigned char rgbReserved;} RGBQUAD;unsigned char PalReg[17]= { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,0}; unsigned char StandardPal[48]= {0, 0, 0, 32, 0, 0, 0,32, 0, 32,32, 0, 0, 0,32, 32, 0,32, 0,32,32, 32,32, 32, 48, 48,48, 63, 0, 0, 0,63, 0, 63,63, 0, 0, 0,63, 63, 0,63, 0,63,63, 63,63,63, };unsigned char LightnessMatrix [16][16]= {{ 0,235,59,219,15,231,55,215,2,232,56,217,12,229,52,213},{128,64,187,123,143,79,183,119,130,66,184,120,140,76,180,116},{33,192,16,251,47,207,31,247,34,194,18,248,44,204,28,244},{161,97,144,80,175,111,159,95,162,98,146,82,172,108,156,92},{8,225,48,208,5,239,63,223,10,226,50,210,6,236,60,220},{136,72,176,112,133,69,191,127,138,74,178,114,134,70,188,124},{41,200,24,240,36,197,20,255,42,202,26,242,38,198,22,252},{169,105,152,88,164,100,148,84,170,106,154,90,166,102,150,86},{3,233,57,216,13,228,53,212,1,234,58,218,14,230,54,214},{131,67,185,121,141,77,181,117,129,65,186,122,142,78,182,118},{35,195,19,249,45,205,29,245,32,193,17,250,46,206,30,246},{163,99,147,83,173,109,157,93,160,96,145,81,174,110,158,94},{11,227,51,211,7,237,61,221,9,224,49,209,4,238,62,222},{139,75,179,115,135,71,189,125,137,73,177,113,132,68,190,126},{43,203,27,243,39,199,23,253,40,201,25,241,37,196,21,254},{171,107,155,91,167,103,151,87,168,104,153,89,165,101,149,85},};unsigned char ColorTable[2][2][2]= {{{0,12},{10,14}},{{9,13},{11,15}}}; unsigned char ColorMap[256][3];int ShowBmp(char *FileName);int GetColor(unsigned char R,unsigned char G, unsigned char B,int X,int Y); void SetVideoMode(unsigned char Mode);void SetPalReg(unsigned char *palReg);void SetDacReg(unsigned char *DacReg, int Color, int Count);void PutPixel(int X, int Y, unsigned char Color);/* 主函数*/void main (int argc, char *argv[]){if(argc!=2){printf("Usage:\tSHOW Filename.BMP\n");exit(1);}ShowBmp(argv[1]);}/* 根据图像文件名，读取图像内容并利用抖动技术进行显示*/ int ShowBmp(char *FileName){FILE *Fp;BITMAPFILEHEADER FileHead;BITMAPINFOHEADER InfoHead;RGBQUAD RGB;int N, W,Y,X,C,Color;unsigned char Buffer[4096];Fp=fopen(FileName,"rb");if (Fp==NULL)return(ErrorFileOpen);fread(&FileHead,sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),1,Fp);if(FileHead.bfType!='BM'){fclose(Fp);return(ErrorFileType);}fread(&InfoHead,sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1,Fp);if(InfoHead.biBitCount!=8 && InfoHead.biBitCount!=24){fclose(Fp);return(ErrorImageColor);}/* 设置显示模式和显示区域*/SetVideoMode(0x12);SetPalReg(PalReg);SetDacReg(StandardPal,0,16);/* 对两种不同色彩数的图像分别进行处理*/if(InfoHead.biBitCount==8) /* 256色*/{for (N=0;N<256;N++){fread(&RGB, sizeof(RGBQUAD),1,Fp);ColorMap[N][0]=RGB.rgbRed;ColorMap[N][1]=RGB.rgbGreen;ColorMap[N][2]=RGB.rgbBlue;}W=(InfoHead.biWidth+3)/4*4;for(Y=InfoHead.biHeight-1;Y>=480;Y--)fread(Buffer,sizeof(unsigned char),W,Fp);for(;Y>0;Y--){fread(Buffer,sizeof(unsigned char),W,Fp);for (X=0;X<InfoHead.biWidth && X<640;X++){C=Buffer[X];Color=GetColor(ColorMap[C][0],ColorMap[C][1],ColorMap[C][2],X,Y); PutPixel (X,Y,Color);}}}else /* 24bits真彩色*/{W=(InfoHead.biWidth*3+3)/4*4;for(Y=InfoHead.biHeight-1;Y>639;Y--)fread(Buffer,sizeof(unsigned char),W,Fp);for(;Y>=0;Y--){fread(Buffer,sizeof(unsigned char),W,Fp);for(X=0;X<InfoHead.biWidth && X<640;X++){C=X*3;Color=GetColor(Buffer[C+2],Buffer[C+1],Buffer[C],X,Y);PutPixel(X,Y,Color);}}}getch();fclose(Fp);SetVideoMode(0x03);return(NoError);}int GetColor(unsigned char R, unsigned char G, unsigned char B, int X, int Y) {unsigned int L=LightnessMatrix[Y & 0x0F][X & 0x0F];return(ColorTable[(unsigned int)R*256/255>L][(unsigned int)G*256/255>L][(unsigned int)B*256/255>L]); }void SetVideoMode(unsigned char Mode){_AH=0x00;_AL=Mode;geninterrupt(0x10);}void SetPalReg(unsigned char *PalReg){_ES=FP_SEG((unsigned char far*)PalReg);_DX=FP_OFF((unsigned char far*)PalReg);_AX=0x1002;geninterrupt(0x10);}void SetDacReg(unsigned char *DacReg,int Color,int Count){_ES=FP_SEG((unsigned char far*)DacReg);_DX=FP_OFF((unsigned char far*)DacReg);_AX=0x1012;_BX=Color;_CX=Count;geninterrupt(0x10);}/* 在对应位置显示像素色彩*/void PutPixel(int X, int Y, unsigned char Color){_AH=0x0C;_AL=Color;_CX=X;_DX=Y;geninterrupt(0x10);}16色位图的显示文：吴进/Luckylai对于象大家常用TC的16色图形模式编程的初学者，如果能在程序里使用图片那就会方便很多了，以前在TC256上看见吴进写的《TC的16色BMP闪电显示(66k) 》的代码，发现写的的确不错，而且绝对能在TC的initgraph()初始化的BGI模式下使用。

bmp文件的读写 - zhangwenjianqin的专栏 - 博客频道 - #include "stdio.h"#include "stdlib.h"#define PIXPLINE 320typedef struct tagRGBQUAD{ //定义每个像素的数据类型unsigned char rgbBlue;unsigned char rgbGreen;unsigned char rgbRed;} RGBQUAD;int bmp_read(unsigned char *image, int xsize, int ysize, char *filename) {char fname_bmp[128];sprintf(fname_bmp, "%s.bmp", filename);FILE *fp;if (!(fp = fopen(fname_bmp, "rb")))return -1;unsigned char header[54];fread(header, sizeof(unsigned char), 54, fp);fread(image, sizeof(unsigned char), (size_t)(long)xsize * ysize * 3, fp);fclose(fp);return 0;}int bmp_write(unsigned char *image, int xsize, int ysize, char *filename) {unsigned char header[54] = {0x42, 0x4d, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,54, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0};long file_size = (long)xsize * (long)ysize * 3 + 54;header[2] = (unsigned char)(file_size &0x000000ff); header[3] = (file_size >> 8) & 0x000000ff;header[4] = (file_size >> 16) & 0x000000ff;header[5] = (file_size >> 24) & 0x000000ff;long width = xsize;header[18] = width & 0x000000ff;header[19] = (width >> 8) &0x000000ff;header[20] = (width >> 16) &0x000000ff;header[21] = (width >> 24) &0x000000ff;long height = ysize;header[22] = height &0x000000ff;header[23] = (height >> 8) &0x000000ff;header[24] = (height >> 16) &0x000000ff;header[25] = (height >> 24) &0x000000ff;char fname_bmp[128];sprintf(fname_bmp, "%s.bmp", filename);FILE *fp;if (!(fp = fopen(fname_bmp, "wb")))return -1;fwrite(header, sizeof(unsigned char), 54, fp);fwrite(image, sizeof(unsigned char), (size_t)(long)xsize * ysize * 3, fp);fclose(fp);return 0;}void clonebmp(unsigned char *image,int xsize,int ysize){bmp_read(image, xsize, ysize, "orgbmp"); //orgbmp为当前目录下的bmp文件名 bmp_write(image, xsize, ysize, "clone_bmp");//clone_bmp为克隆的bmp文件名}/***************************************************************************** 名称：youwritetobmp()* 功能：写入bmp文件* 入口参数：RGBQUAD *pixarr ---- 要写入的像素数组指针, int xsize ---- 图像宽度, int ysize ---- 图像高度, char *filename --图像名称* 出口参数：无* 返回值：-1:错误；0：正确****************************************************************************/int youwritetobmp(RGBQUAD *pixarr, int xsize, int ysize, char *filename) {unsigned char header[54] = {0x42, 0x4d, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,54, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 24, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0};int i;int j;long file_size = (long)xsize * (long)ysize * 3 + 54;header[2] = (unsigned char)(file_size &0x000000ff);header[3] = (file_size >> 8) & 0x000000ff;header[4] = (file_size >> 16) & 0x000000ff;header[5] = (file_size >> 24) & 0x000000ff;long width;if(!(xsize%4)) width=xsize;else width= xsize+(4-xsize%4); //如不是4的倍数，则转换成4的倍数 header[18] = width & 0x000000ff;header[19] = (width >> 8) &0x000000ff;header[20] = (width >> 16) &0x000000ff;header[21] = (width >> 24) &0x000000ff;long height = ysize;header[22] = height &0x000000ff;header[23] = (height >> 8) &0x000000ff;header[24] = (height >> 16) &0x000000ff;header[25] = (height >> 24) &0x000000ff;char fname_bmp[128];sprintf(fname_bmp, "%s.bmp", filename);FILE *fp;if (!(fp = fopen(fname_bmp, "wb")))return -1;fwrite(header, sizeof(unsigned char), 54, fp);RGBQUAD zero={0,0,0}; //不足字节，用zero填充for(j=0;j<ysize;j++){if(!(xsize%4)){for(i=0;i<xsize;i++){fwrite(pixarr+i, sizeof(RGBQUAD),1, fp);}}else{for(i=0;i<xsize;i++){fwrite(pixarr+i, sizeof(RGBQUAD),1, fp);}for(i=xsize;i<xsize+(4-xsize%4);i++){fwrite(&zero, sizeof(RGBQUAD),1, fp);}}}fclose(fp);return 0;}int main() {unsigned char *image;int xsize = 320;int ysize = 163;RGBQUAD pixarray[PIXPLINE]; //一行像素值数组image = (unsigned char *)malloc((size_t)xsize * ysize * 3);if (image == NULL)return -1;clonebmp(image,xsize,ysize); //功能一：实现一副图像的拷贝youwritetobmp(pixarray,xsize,ysize,"yourimage");//功能二：实现像素的精确绘制,像素值在pixarray数组中free(image);return -1;}查看文档来源：file:///D:/TDDOWNLOAD/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5/bmp%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7 %9A%84%E8%AF%BB%E5%86%99.htm。