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英语国家概况名词解释新

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英语国家概况名词解释

1、The Constitution:Britain has no written foundations of the British state are laid

out in statute law,which are laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws

established through commom practice in courts;and conventions.

2、The house of Common: It’s the real center of British political life because it

is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and

debate policy,These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the

interests of the people who vote for them.

3、The electoral campaign:Before a general election,the political parties would start

their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the

campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning,postal

deliveries of leaflets and ‘party electoral broadcasts” on the parties also try to

attack and critisise the opponents’ ,these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive

and critical.

4、Class system in British society:The class system does exist in British of British

population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class,though some

people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower divisions are not simply

economic,they are cultural as of different classes may defferent may differ in the kind

of newspaper they read,in the way they speak and in the kind of education they of the

distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still

be inherited.

5、Relative decline of the UK economy:The UK has experienced an economic decline

since this is a relative decline rather than an absolute is wealthier and more productive

than it was in 1945,but since other countries developed more rapidly,it has slid from being

the second largest economy to being the six.

6、Comprehensive schools:are the most popular secondary schools in Britain schools

admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general can

study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like

cooking

7、Grammar schools:it’s a type of secondary schools in schools select children at the

age 11,through an examination called “the 11-plus”.Those children with the highest marks

go to grammar schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more

general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on

to universities.

8、Independent schools:are commonly called public schools which are actually private

schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates,with some

government schools are not part of national education system,but the quality of instruction

and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of schools are

restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich.

9、the first English settle in North America:The first English permanent

settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English

colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves

and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of 1619,the settlers elected their

delegates and set up the House of Burgesses,and the same time they bought and enslaved black two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the United

States later.

10、Puritanism:were those who followes the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify

the Church of believe that human beings were predestined by God before they were were

God’s chosen people while others were damned to church nor good works could save sign

of being God’s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his also argued

that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establish a direct

contact with beliefs had great impact on American culture.

11、George Washington:was one of the founding fathers of the American was the

Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in War of Independence against the British

colonial rule and the first President of the United States.

12、The executive:The chief executive is the President,who is elected to a four-year

president can be elected to only two terms according to an amendment passed in president

can propose legislation to can veto any bill passed by veto can be overridden by a

two-thirds vote in both president can appoint federal judges as vacancies is the

commander in chief of the armed president has other broad authorities in running the

government departments and handling foreign relations.

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英语国家概况名词解释——加拿大澳大利亚

英语国家概况名词解释——加拿大澳大利亚

百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我

1

英语国家概况名词解释——加拿大澳大利亚

加拿大部分

treaty of Paris in 1763---the seven years’ war ended with the

signing of the treaty of Paris in the treaty of Paris, new

France with its 65,000settlers was ceded割让 to Britain.

Constitutional act of 1791---Britain divided the old province

of Quebec into two parts, lower Canada(modern Canada) and upper

Canada(modern Ontario),each with its own legislature.立法机构。

Act of union in 1840---联合法案 recommended that the two

Canadas be united in one province.

FTA and NAFTA---it stands for the Canada-united states free

trade agreement signed by the two countries, which came into

effect in 1989.

Canadian Shield加拿大地盾---The Canadian Shield covers almost

half of Canada. It is a semicircular半圆的 band of rocky 百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我

2 highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern

大学英语国家概况复习(名词解释+问答题)

大学英语国家概况复习(名词解释+问答题)

名词解释

Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United KingdomⅠ

第一章 英国简介 1

 1. London

London is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in

Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business centre and the

headquarters of the vast majority of Britain's big companies. It is not only the

financial centre of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial

centres in the world.

伦敦位于该国南部最大的城市。从各方面来看，它是英国主导。它是文化和商业中心，绝大多数英国大公司总部。它不仅是国家的金融中心，而且在世界三大国际金融中心之一。

2. Robin Hood

Robin Hood was a Saxon nobleman. As he could no longer put up with oppressions

from the Normans, he became an outlaw and bid himself with his band of "merry

men" in the forest. From this secret place, he went out to rob from the rich to give

the poor.

罗宾汉是一个撒克逊的贵族。 因为他再也无法容忍诺曼人的压迫，他成为逃犯并且让自己和他的"快活人" 帮派呆在森林里。他就在这个秘密的地方里，进行劫富济贫。

英语国家概况必背

英语国家概况必背

英语国家概况精讲：第十四章 美国人口种族 chapter 14：population.Race and Ethnic groups 必背细节 1.The United States of the American is the third most populous county in the world after Chind and India.美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度。 2。Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth,The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigtants from independence until 1960s.Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.19世纪末20世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接待点。 3。Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992.Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.如今美国移民的80%到90%主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家。 4。Arizona,Nevada,and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州。 5。The first immigrants in the American history cane from England and Netherlands. 美国历史是第一批移民来自英国和荷兰。 6。The first of these immigration waves in the mid-1810s and reached the highest point in 1845.The second wave covered the period between 1860 and 1890. The largest of the three immigration wave in American was from 1890-1914.三次移民浪潮中最大的一次是1890-1914年。 7.One in five American moves to a new home every year seeking new job opportunity,a better climate of other goals.有1/5的美国人每年搬一次家。 8。美国的四次大规模的人口流动： 流动方向 the Frist 1865-1880 east coast ------west the Second 1980-1920 rural areas ------cities the Third 1920----1960 the south/black people ----other areas the fourth 1960-now Northeast /Central-N----the West/the South 9。A large number of blank people move out of the south to other areas during the period between 1920-1960.大批黑人离开南方涌向外地发生在1920-1960年间。 10。The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States is the blacks who number about 12.1% of the population. The first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619. 美国人口最多的少数民族是黑人，大约占总人口的12。1%，第一批黑人作为奴隶于1619年运抵北美。 11。three major Hispanic groups historically have had the greatest influence on the United States.They are Mexico-Americans of Chicanos ,the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans.三大对美国影响最大的讲西班牙语的群体为：墨西哥后裔美国人，波多黎各人，古巴裔美国人。（一句话回答） 12。The most important obstacle to Hispanic success in the labor maket is their low education.Hispanics have the highest school dropout rate of any major racial and ethnic group.讲西班牙语的美国人在其他种族的民族中失学率最高，因此，阻挡他们在劳动力市场获得成功的最主要是教育程度低。 13。The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States,The largest group of Asian-Americans are the Chinese-Americans.Experts say three Asian traditions best explain the success of Asian-American:eduction ,hardwork,and family. 美国少数民族人口中增长最快是亚裔美国人，亚裔美国人中又以华裔美国人最多，专家指出亚洲三大传统可以用来解释亚裔美国人的成功：教育，工作努和和家庭。（一句话回答） 14。Traditionally,the mainstream American were called WASPs,that is ,White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.传统上读，美国人的主流是祖先为英国新教徒的白人。 还有几个必背解释， 1。WAPs 2001已考，估计不会再考，即上述第十二条。 2。The Hispanics 讲西班牙语的（人或民族） The Hispanics usually are Spanish-speaking person of Latin-American origin who live in the United States.Now there are three major Hispantic groups which have grest influence on the U.S.They are Mexico-American of Chicano ,Pueto Ricans and Cuban-American 英语国家概况精讲：第十五章 美国历史（一） Chapter 15: American History(1) 美国历史（一） 1.The "first American "were the Indians.The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown ,Virginaia,in 1607.Between 1607 and 1733 the British eastablished 13 colonies along the east coast of North American.“最早的美国人”是印地安人，英国于1607年在美国建立了第一块殖民地，即在弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯，1607-1733年间，英国在北美洲的东海岸建立了十三个殖民地。 2。In 1620,201 of Pilgrimw sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower.They arrived at Plymouth and built the Plymouth colony.1620年，有201名英国清教徒乘坐一名为”五月花号“的船到达了普利茅斯并建立了殖民地。 3。From 1630 to 1643,some 200 ships transported over 20000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony. 从1630-1643年，约有200艘船把2万英国人抵马萨者萨弯殖民地。 4。The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World.There were a number of features which would play a role in forming the American character.They were :representative from of goverment,rule of law,respect of individual rights,religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.殖民主义者新生活方式的这些特点在美国人性格形成中发挥了重要作用：建立代义制政府，法治，对个人权利的尊重，宗教上的宽容及强烈的个人进取心。 5。In September 1744,the Frist Continental Congress was held ih Philadelphia which encouraged American to refuse to buy British goods.1744年9月，第一届大陆仁义在费城如开，鼓励美国人拒绝买英货。 6。The Declaration of Independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia.The Declaration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke. 《独立宣言》是由托马斯。杰文逊起草的，它明确阐述了支撑这场革命的政治理论，这一理论来源于英国著名哲学家约翰。洛克。 7。On the Christmas Day of 1776,the Americans defeated the British troops at Trenton,New Jersey.Not long afterwards ,the Americans troops deteated the British at Saratoga in Northern New York.This was a great turning point of the War of Independence,leading dirtctly to an alliance between the U.S and France. 1766年的圣诞节，美军在新泽西的特伦顿挫败英军，这之后不久，美军在萨拉托加击败英军，史称“萨拉托加大捷”这次胜利被认为是北美独立战争的转折点，并直接导致美法联军的建立。 8。In September ,1783,the Treaty of Paris was signed,Britain recognized the indeperdance of the U.S.1783年9月簦订《巴黎和约》，英正式承认美国独立。 9。The Federalist Papers are regarded as the best explanation of the constitution as well as one of the most important works on political theory.

自考英语国家概况名词解释

自考英语国家概况名词解释

⾃考英语国家概况名词解释

英语国家概况名词解释1 The British Empire ⼤英帝国

About a hundred years ago, as result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled and empire that had one fourth of the world’speople and one fourth of the world’s land area. The two world wars greatly weakened Britain. The British Empire graduallydisappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nation in 1931.

2.Stonehenge-

It is a group of huge monuments of grant rock Slabs on salisbury plain in Southwest England built as long ago as the NewStone Age. It is generally believed that stonehenge served some sort of religious purposes. The Celts----The Celts came toBritain in three main waves. The first wave were the Gales, the second wave were the Brythons and the Belgae came about150BC. The Celts were practised farmers. The Celtic tribes are ancestors of the Highland Scots, the Irish and the Welsh, Andtheir languages are the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic. They religion was Druidism.