政经翻译
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mti政经常用技巧
在MTI(Master of Translation and Interpreting)的翻译实践中,常用的技巧主要有以下几种:
1. 直译与意译:这是最基本的翻译技巧。
直译尽可能地保留原文的语言形式和意义,而意译则更注重传达原文的语义内容,不受原文形式的限制。
2. 增译与省译:增译法是为了使译文更完整、更明确,有时需要增加一些词语;而省译法则是为了去掉不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,避免译文累赘。
3. 分译与合译:对于长句或复杂句,可以将其拆分成几个短句进行翻译,即为分译;如果将几个短句合并为一个长句进行翻译,即为合译。
4. 归化与异化:归化翻译更倾向于目标语读者,使译文更易于理解;而异化翻译则更倾向于保留原文的文化色彩和语言特点。
5. 顺译与倒译:顺译是指按照原文的顺序进行翻译,通常用于句子内部结构简单、语义清晰的情况;倒译则是将原文倒过来翻译,通常用于句子的语序与目的语的语序相反的情况。
6. 口译中的笔记法:在口译中,译者需要使用笔记来帮助记忆,这些笔记可以是符号、缩写、数字等。
7. 术语的准确性:对于一些专业术语或特定词汇,需要确保翻译的准确性,避免出现歧义或误导。
以上都是MTI学生在翻译实践中需要掌握的技巧。
要提高自己的翻译水平,除了学习这些技巧外,还需要不断进行实践和总结。
政经类文本英译汉中意象隐喻的翻译策略研究作者:汪田来源:《卷宗》2018年第02期摘要:隐喻不仅仅是一种修辞手段,更是人们思维方式的体现。
隐喻研究从修辞学到认知语言学的转向为隐喻翻译研究提供了新的研究视角:译者在处理隐喻时应当从认知角度分析隐喻所蕴含的文化信息,并根据不同类型的隐喻的特点采取相应的翻译策略。
关键词:认知隐喻;翻译策略;一带一路何谓隐喻?一直以来,人们对于隐喻本质的探讨从未停止过,学术界对隐喻实质的认识也各有侧重。
“传统上隐喻常被视为较为奇特的语言,特别是文学领域的语言,隐喻属于语言范畴,与思维无关……而事实上隐喻渗透于日常生活,不仅仅渗透在语言里,也渗透在思维活动中,我们行动和思维依赖的普通概念系统在本质上是隐喻的”[1]。
隐喻大量地存在于文学作品中,这一点毋庸置疑;而根据认知隐喻理论,隐喻这一现象无处不在,在科学、法律、技术、经济等专业语言中不胜枚举。
关于隐喻的翻译,进行深入系统研究的当属当代英国翻译理论家彼得·纽马克(Peter Newmark),他从文化的角度提出了隐喻翻译的7种方法,即(1)在译入语中重现与源语相同的隐喻;(2)用译入语中常见的方式代替源语中的隐喻;(3)转换为明喻;(4)转换为明喻加释义;(5)把隐喻转换为本义;(6)直接删除隐喻;(7)保留源语的隐喻并予以解释[2]。
相对于卷帙浩繁的文学文本中隐喻的研究,国内专门着眼于非文学领域中的隐喻研究相对较少。
“一带一路”作为引领时代发展潮流的战略,有关其报道及国际社会对其的关注越来越受到重视,而这些报道作为典型的政经类文本,为翻译研究提供了数量可观的素材,国内一些研究者也开始涉足,做了一些开创性的研究;但总体而言,以“一带一路”主题文本为素材的隐喻翻译研究还是较少,笔者认为对其的研究有较强的理论意义和现实意义,下文将通过翻译实例分析不同的隐喻类型应采取的翻译策略。
1 完整保留隐喻之直译采用这类翻译策略的隐喻通常有这样的特点:英汉两种文化中共享该隐喻,即隐喻的跨文化特点明显,直译隐喻不会造成理解上的障碍或者对原文信息的损害。
政治与经济类英语翻译Deepening reform and opening up 深化改⾰扩⼤开放The theory of building socialism with Chinese 建设有中国特⾊的社会characteristics 主义理论The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论One focus, two basic points ⼀个中⼼,两个基本点Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中⼼Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改⾰开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening 抓住机遇,深化改⾰,wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, 扩⼤开放,促进发展,maintaining stability 保持稳定Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist 是否有利于发展社会主义⽣产⼒productive forcesWhether it would be beneficial to enhancing the overall 是否有利于增强综合国⼒strength of the countryWhether it would be beneficial to raising people’s living 是否有利于提⾼⼈民⽣活⽔平standardTaking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建⽴Deepening economic reform 深化经济改⾰Relationships among reform, development and stability 改⾰发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改⾰与促进发展Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第⼀⽣产⼒Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制A series of policies and measures ⼀系列政策措施Reform and opening up policy 改⾰开放政策Reform measures 改⾰措施Speed up reform 加快改⾰Reform of economic system 经济体制改⾰Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改⾰Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改⾰Reform of property rights system 产权制度改⾰Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改⾰Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改⾰Reform of personnel system ⼈事制度改⾰Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改⾰Reform of housing system 住房制度改⾰Planning system 计划管理体制Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能Open door policy 开放政策Open economy 开放经济Open-door to the outside world 对外开放Opening up 扩⼤开放Open domestic market 开放国内市场Introduce foreign capital, advanced technology and 引进外国的资⾦,先进技术和managerial experiences 管理经验Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区One country, two systems ⼀国两制Special administrative region 特别⾏政区Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制to the householdNarrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩⼩贫富差距Eliminate poverty 消除贫困Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy ⾮国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续,快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy ⾃由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关⾃守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长⽅式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济⼿段Diversified economy 多种经济,多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜⼒Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济⼀体化International economic integration 国际经济⼀体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的⾦融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发⾏量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场⼲预State intervention 国家⼲预Administrative interference ⾏政⼲预Administrative intervention ⾏政⼲预Administrative measure ⾏政措施Economy measure 经济⼿段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index ⽣活费⽤指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信⽤膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压⼒Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建⽴国有资产管理,监督和营运体系and operation of State assetsReform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改⾰Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰,责权明确,政企分开,responsibilities, separating ownership from daily 管理科学management and adopting scientific managementRegulation on the supervision and management 国有企业监督管理条例of the state-owned enterprisesLaws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规state-owned propertyOperate independently, assume sole responsibility ⾃主经营,⾃负盈亏,⾃我发展,for its profits and losses, seek self-development ⾃我约束and self-relianceUphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则,转变政府government from those of enterprises and alter the 经济管理职能government’s role in economic managementSafeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防⽌流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防⽌国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改⾰Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets ⾮经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改⾰Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加⼤国有企业改⾰⼒度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the 提⾼国有经济的总体素质overall quality of the State sector of the economyConcentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中⼒量抓好国有⼤型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise 发展跨地区跨⾏业的企业集团groupsReform, reorganization and upgrading 改⾰,改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组,联合,兼并,股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation 租赁,承包经营和出售and sell-offManage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible 抓好⼤的,放活⼩的policy towards small onesGive small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有⼩企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序,⿎励企业兼并,merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger 允许亏损企业兼并或破产or go bankruptDispersion of redundant employees 分流富余⼈员Re-employment funds 再就业基⾦Conscientiously strengthen the operation and 切实加强企业经营管理management of enterprisesStrengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资⾦管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various 多渠道增资减债channelsStrive to help enterprises eliminate losses and 抓好企业扭亏增盈increase profitsDevelop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销⽅式Alleviate enterprises’ social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the 通过挖潜改造technologyMechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating 优胜劣汰机制the inferiorEnjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职⼯持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage 给更多的⽣产企业⾃营出⼝权in export independentlyProtect the interests of the working class 保护⼯⼈阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改⾰Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改⾰Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’ management mechanismsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure ⾏业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release smallenterprises ⽀持发展⼤企业放开⼩企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can beturned into corporate enterprises ⼤中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives ⼩企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债⽐State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独⽴核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩⼤⾃主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项⽬资本⾦制度Legal person responsibility system 法⼈责任制Responsibility for one’s own profit and loss ⾃负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理⽅式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的⽣产能⼒Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger ⿎励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防⽌假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建⽴多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业⼯程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职⼯再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职⼯ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY 企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地⽅企业Backbone enterprise ⾻⼲企业Large and medium enterprise ⼤中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司,国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业Collective enterprise 集体企业Collective firm 集体企业,合作企业Township enterprise 乡镇企业Partnership enterprise 合伙企业Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业Top 500 enterprises 500家企业Small business ⼩企业Primary industry 第⼀产业Secondary industry 第⼆产业Tertiary industry 第三产业Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独⽴法⼈Board of directors 董事会Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东⼤会Entrepreneur 企业家Firm 公司,企业Company 公司Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团。
英语知识1.深化亚太合作共创和谐未来Enhancing Asia-Pacific Cooperation to Create a Harmonious Future Excerpts from the Speech Delivered by Hu JintaoAt the 13th APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting, Busan, ROK, 18 November 20052.世界上还存在着不少不稳定不确定因素,地区冲突和摩擦此起彼伏,恐怖主义活动猖獗,南北差距拉大,非传统安全威胁上升,人类面临着许多严峻挑战,国际社会实现持久和平、共同繁荣任重而道远。
In today’s world, there are still quite some factors of instability and uncertainty. Frequent regional frictions and conflicts, rampant terrorist activities, the widening North-South gap and rising nontraditional security threats all pose severe challenges to mankind. The international community is currently facing an uphill struggle to achieve lasting peace and common prosperity.3.在经济全球化进程中,相当一部分发展中国家面临着被边缘化的危险,发展经济困难加剧,同发达国家的发展差距继续拉大。
In the process of economic globalization, a considerable number of developing countries, which are faced with the danger of being marginalized, have found growing difficulties in their economic development and a widening gap between themselves and the developed countries.4.我们应该按照公认的国际规则,本着互谅互让的精神,通过对话协商,共同寻求解决分歧之道。
政经类文本主流机器翻译英译汉质量对比分析—以2022年美国在非领导力听证会为例摘要:近年围绕机器翻译展开的质量评估、道德伦理、工具(平台)对比的话题热度不减。
本文以美国在非领导力听证会简介为例,使用国内外主流机器翻译完成机翻,比对分析各家翻译结果在专有名词和短语处理方式异同和质量,探索主流机翻应用于政经主题文本汉译的可行方案。
关键词:机器翻译;政经文本;质量分析一、简介近年来,从语言服务行业的专家、高校专业教师到企业用户、个人用户甚至普通民众都高度关注机器翻译(MT)的发展动态。
自2016年神经机器翻译(NMT) 蓬勃发展以来,机器翻译的英汉互译处理水平有明显提升。
本文以2022年7月21日美国在非领导力听证会简介为例,比对分析微软、谷歌、小牛、腾讯在专有名词、短句处理、语序调整方面的异同,讨论主流机翻应用于政经主题文本汉译的可行性及对后续译后编辑工作的启示。
选段含标题共计111词,对应机翻译文字数为215至221字:1)微软翻译215字,使用2021版word直接调用MT得到,结果与微软网页版文本翻译一致;2)谷歌浏览器(网页版)219字,文本存为TXT文件后使用谷歌浏览器打开并执行翻译;3)谷歌翻译(文本)216字;4)谷歌翻译(文档版)221字,可将文本存为word版上传翻译;5)小牛翻译219字,其中网页版(文本版)与文档版译文完全一致;6)腾讯翻译君(网页版)220字,未见文档版上传入口;及7)腾讯交互翻译网页版,文档版中托德莫斯的姓与名之间多一个间隔号“·”)。
下节将从词汇、句子层面展开异同分析。
二、词汇翻译分析本节讨论机构及职务、政要姓名及关键短语的机翻质量。
如果机翻译文质量不佳,将分析原因并提供译后编辑思路和参考译文。
1.机构及职务翻译例1:The House Foreign Affairs Committee微软、谷歌、小牛、腾讯各版本译文统一,均为“众议院外交事务委员会”。
农民的生活水平不断提高,大部分农民已解决了温饱问题,不少农民已过上小康生活。
The living standard of farmers has been raised continuously. The majority of farmers have enough food and clothing and quite a few are leading a quite comfortable life.The translator should be fully aware of the hypotactic features of English and adjust the sentence structure accordingly or add necessary cohesive ties to make his translation coherent. In doing so, he has to pay particular attention to logic of the ST sentence, making use of proper means , say, prepositions, non-predicate, etc. to ensure the smoothness of the TT.这意味着要投资发展中国家的农业,向小农户提供种子、工具、可持续务农办法和信贷,使他们能够生产更多的粮食,供应地方和区域市场。
This means that we must invest on the agriculture of the developing countries by providing small farmers with seeds, farming tools, methods and loans for sustainable farming to enable them to produce more grains to accommodate more local and regional areas.而今适逢华中师范大学百年华诞,世纪庆典,共襄盛举,追忆往事,铭记在心,勒石流芳,以垂后世。
政经翻译入门知识点总结在当今全球化的背景下,政经翻译作为一项重要的翻译领域,受到越来越多的关注。
政经翻译不仅要求翻译者具备出色的语言翻译能力,还需要对政治、经济等领域具有深入的了解。
本文将就政经翻译的入门知识点进行总结,以帮助初学者更好地了解政经翻译的要点。
一、政经翻译的特点政经翻译是一种高度专业化的翻译形式,它不同于通译或文学翻译,而是涉及到政治、经济、金融等方面的术语和概念。
因此,政经翻译需要翻译者具备丰富的专业知识,熟悉相关的行业术语和背景知识。
此外,政经翻译还需要翻译者具备较强的逻辑分析能力和文字表达能力,能够准确地传达原文的含义,避免出现歧义或误解。
二、政经翻译的基本要求1. 语言功底政经翻译首先需要具备优秀的语言功底。
翻译者要精通源语言和目标语言,能够准确理解原文内容,并用目标语言准确、清晰地表达出来。
政经翻译涉及到大量的专业术语和概念,翻译者需要对这些内容有深入的了解,以确保翻译的准确性和权威性。
2. 翻译技巧政经翻译需要翻译者具备扎实的翻译技巧,包括对语言的驾驭能力、逻辑思维能力和文字表达能力。
翻译者需要学会如何处理复杂的句子结构和长篇大论,如何准确地传达作者的思想和观点,以及如何在不同语言和文化背景下进行灵活的表达。
3. 政经知识政经翻译者需要具备相关的政治、经济、金融等领域的专业知识。
他们需要了解不同国家和地区的政治制度、经济体系、法律法规等,以便更深入地理解原文内容,并进行准确的翻译。
此外,政经翻译者还需要了解相关领域的最新发展动态和热点话题,以便更好地应对翻译过程中可能出现的专业术语和概念。
4. 表达能力政经翻译需要翻译者具备良好的表达能力,能够用地道、流畅的语言对原文内容进行准确传达。
政经翻译通常涉及到一些复杂的政治和经济概念,翻译者需要避免使用歧义、模棱两可的词语,力求言简意赅、准确清晰。
三、政经翻译常见困难与对策1.专业术语难翻译政经领域涉及众多的专业术语,有些是有国家和地区差异的,这就给政经翻译增加了难度。
政经翻译
•教学目的
•Translation of politics and economics
•以培养掌握基本翻译理论、具备一定翻译素质和技能的人才为目标,使他们了解必要的翻译策略和技巧,具有解决翻译困难的能力.
•传授基本的翻译理论,用它指导翻译过程,有系统地培养学生的翻译能力和解决问题的能力,以便他们毕业后尽快适应翻译职业的要求。
•教材及参考书:
•国内权威媒体上发表的时政类汉英文章,包括:
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•
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•China Daily
•Beijing Review
时政翻译经贸翻译
•时政翻译
•current affairs, politics/ economy and trade
• 1.国家大政方针的政策文件
• 2.国家党政领导人的重要讲话
•Authoritative statements. These are texts of any nature which derive their authority from the high status or the reliability and linguistic competence of their authors. Such texts have the personal ―stamp‖ of their authors, although they are denotative, not connota tive.
•Typical authoritative statements are political speeches, documents etc. by ministers or party leaders; statutes and legal documents; scientific, philosophical and ―academic‖ works written by acknowledged authorities.
•
(Peter Newmark,1988)
特点
表达型功能文本
•说话人的思想,作者,话语的发送者
•The core of the expressive function is the mind of the
speaker, the writer, the originator of the utterance.
•It is essential that you, as translator, should be able to distinguish the personal components of these text: unusual (infrequent) collocations; original metaphors; untranslatable words,
particularly adjectives of quality that have to be translated one-to-two-or-three; unconventional syntax; neologisms; strange words (archaisms, dialect, odd technical terms)--- all that is often characterized as ‗idiolect‘ or ‗personal dialect‖—as opposed to ordinary language, stock idioms and metaphors, common collocations, normal syntax, colloquial expressions and phaticisms–the usual tramlines of language. The personal components constitute the expressive element (they are only a part) of an expressive text, and you should not normalize them in a translation. •
翻译要求
•紧跟原文语义和作者思想,不可随意更改或发挥,强加入译者的个人行为和观点.
•首先,要紧扣原文,不得任意增删
•紧扣原文,有时原文的词序也要很好注意,不要轻易颠倒,避免犯政治性错误.
•紧扣原文,甚至一些小零件也不应放过.
•政治文章上用词严格,要仔细衡量用词的政治含义和影响. (程镇球)
要点
•从事外事翻译必须结合业务熟悉政策,对重要的词,特别是涉及到领土主权,重大国家利益的词,要保持清醒的头脑,掌握好分寸.不仅要译出词的表面意思,而且要表达出词义的深刻内涵.
•要吃透中文的精神,以―意‖为重,摆脱中文字面的束缚,按照英语的习惯,表达原文的内涵.
•翻译要求忠实准确地表达原义,同时又要使译文通顺易懂.译文既要扣得紧,又不能太死;既要灵活,又不能活的出格.
•译文要精练,语言要自然,用字要朴实.
•(王弄笙,2002)
•改革开放政策
•The reform and opening-up policy
•The policy of reform and opening to the outside world
•Open-door policy
•纸老虎
•Scare-crow, paper tiger
•菜篮子
•Market basket
•米袋子
•Rice bag
•铁饭碗
•Iron rice bowl
•胡同
•Hutong
•四合院
•Siheyuan
•流动人口
•Floating population
让一部分人先富起来
•let some get rich first
•三讲
•Three stresses: stress study, political awareness and integrity
•三个代表
•three represents
•―讲学习‖,主要是学理论,学知识,学科技。
具体是学习邓小平建设有中国特色社会主义理论,学习社会主义市场经济理论,学习社会主义市场经济的知识、现代科技知识、法律知识、历史知识等,以充实自己,开阔眼界,提高领导水平。
―讲政治‖,包括政治方向、政治立场、政治观点、政治纪律、政治鉴别力、政治敏锐性。
要学会从政治上观察问题、分析问题和处理问题,确保改革开放和社会主义现代化建设健康、顺利发展。
“讲正气”,就是要继承和发扬我们党在长期革命和建设事业中形成的好传统、好
作风。
坚持真理,坚持原则,坚持同一切歪风邪气和各种腐败现象作斗争,保证我们党永不变色,国家长治久安,兴旺发达。