Deep Learning in Virtual Reality How to Teach Children that the Earth is Round
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虚拟现实对教育和学习的影响英语作文全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1The Impact of Virtual Reality on Education and LearningVirtual reality (VR) technology has grabbed headlines in recent years for its potential to revolutionize various industries. One area that has shown significant promise is education. VR has the power to enhance learning experiences, engage students in immersive environments, and enable them to learn in ways that were previously impossible.One of the key benefits of VR in education is its ability to provide students with handson learning experiences. For example, students can use VR to explore historical events, dissect a virtual frog, or build a virtual house. This kind of immersive experience engages students in a way that traditional textbooks and lectures cannot, making learning more enjoyable and memorable.Another advantage of VR is that it can help students overcome anxiety and fear. For example, students can use VR to practice medical procedures or learn how to deal with naturaldisasters without putting themselves in harm's way. This can be especially beneficial for students who have a fear of heights, public speaking, or other situations where traditional exposure therapy may not be feasible.VR can also be used to personalize learning. Teachers can create custom VR lessons that cater to the individual needs of their students. For example, a teacher may create a VR lesson for a student who struggles with math by having them visualize equations in a 3D environment. This kind of personalized learning can help struggling students catch up and engage with the material in a way that works for them.Finally, VR can be used to teach students skills that require practice. For example, pilots can use VR to practice instrument landings, surgeons can practice procedures in a virtual operating room, and musicians can practice scales in a virtual music studio. This kind of practice can help students become more confident and proficient in their chosen field.In conclusion, virtual reality has the potential to revolutionize education and learning. Its ability to provide handson, immersive, and personalized learning experiences makes it a powerful tool for educators. As VR technologycontinues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative uses of the technology in the classroom.篇2In conclusion, VR has the potential to revolutionize education and learning by providing immersive, interactive experiences that can enhance engagement, motivation, and retention. However, there are also challenges and limitations that need to be addressed, such as technical limitations, cost, and the need for specialized training and support. As VR technology continues to evolve and become more widespread, it will be interesting to see how it is used in education and how it impacts on teaching and learning practices.篇3Virtual reality has emerged as a powerful tool in the realm of education and learning. By immersing students in interactive and engaging virtual environments, educators can enhance knowledge retention, critical thinking skills, and creativity. This technology offers a unique opportunity to simulate reallife scenarios that may be difficult or dangerous to experience in the classroom. Additionally, virtual reality can be used to bridgegeographical barriers and provide access to educational resources for students in remote areas.However, like any educational tool, virtual reality has its limitations. It requires a significant investment in hardware and software, and may not be accessible to all students. Additionally, the effectiveness of virtual reality in the learning process has not been extensively studied, and further research is needed to determine its longterm impact on student achievement.In conclusion, while virtual reality has the potential to revolutionize education and learning, it is not a panacea. Educators should carefully consider the benefits and limitations of this technology and integrate it into their teaching strategies as appropriate.篇4Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a revolutionary technology with the potential to transform education and enhance the learning experience. By immersing students in interactive and engaging virtual environments, VR has the power to revolutionize the way students learn and understand complex concepts. Here are some of the significant impact of VR on education and learning:1. Enhanced Immersion and EngagementOne of the most compelling benefits of VR in education is its ability to provide students with highly immersive learning experiences. By transporting students into virtual environments, educators can make abstract concepts come to life and engage students in a way that traditional textbooks and lectures cannot. This heightened level of engagement can lead to increased motivation and a deeper understanding of the material.2. Improved Skills and Knowledge AcquisitionVR can also be used to train students in a variety of skills, such as medical procedures, engineering design, and language learning. By providing students with handson practice in a safe and controlled environment, VR can help them develop the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in their chosen fields.3. Access to Remote and HardtoReach LocationsVR has the potential to bridge the gap between students and educational resources located in remote or hardtoreach locations. By creating virtual field trips to museums, historical sites, and other educational destinations, VR can provide students with access to educational experiences that might otherwise be unavailable to them.4. Personalized LearningVR can also be used to personalize the learning experience for each student. By tailoring the virtual environment to the student's individual needs and abilities, educators can help each student reach their full potential.5. Increased Retention and Transfer of KnowledgeFinally, VR has been shown to increase the retention and transfer of knowledge. By engaging students on a deeper level, VR can help students better understand and remember the material they are learning. This can lead to improved academic performance and a more wellrounded education.While VR holds tremendous potential for education, it also presents some challenges that need to be addressed. One of the main challenges is the cost of implementing VR technology in the classroom. VR headsets and other equipment can be expensive, and schools and educators may need to invest in new technology and infrastructure to support VR learning.Another challenge is the need for specialized training and support for educators. Implementing VR effectively requires educators to have a deep understanding of the technology and how to integrate it into the curriculum. This may requireadditional training and support for educators, which can be a significant investment of time and resources.Finally, there are also concerns about the impact of VR on students' mental health and wellbeing. Prolonged exposure to VR technology has been linked to symptoms of anxiety and depression in some individuals. Educators and policymakers will need to carefully consider these concerns and ensure that VR is implemented in a way that is safe and beneficial for students.In conclusion, VR has the potential to revolutionize education and enhance the learning experience. However, to fully realize this potential, educators and policymakers will need to address the challenges associated with implementing VR technology in the classroom. By investing in the necessary infrastructure, training, and support, and by carefully considering the impact of VR on students' mental health and wellbeing, we can ensure that VR is used to its fullest potential to improve education and learning.篇5Virtual reality (VR) has gained significant attention in recent years across various industries, and education is no exception. The integration of VR technology in education has the potentialto revolutionize traditional learning methods by providing immersive and interactive experiences. This paper explores the impact of VR on education and learning, highlighting its advantages, challenges, and future prospects.Advantages of VR in Educationa. Immersive Learning EnvironmentOne of the key advantages of VR in education is its ability to create immersive learning environments. By transporting students into virtual worlds, they can engage with educational content in a more handson and dynamic way. This heightened level of immersion enhances students’ attention and retention, as they become fully immersed in the learning experience.b. Enhancing Skills and KnowledgeVR enables students to practice and develop skills in a safe and controlled environment. Whether it’s in fields such as healthcare, engineering, or the arts, VR provides opportunities to simulate reallife scenarios that would otherwise be too dangerous or expensive to replicate in the physical world. This handson experience helps students gain practical knowledge and confidence, preparing them for future careers.c. Personalized LearningVR has the potential to personalize learning experiences based on individual student needs. Through the use of sensors and tracking technologies, VR can adapt to each student’s abilities and pace, providing them with an optimal learning journey. This flexibility allows educators to cater to a diverse range of learning styles and abilities, ensuring that all students can benefit from VRenhanced instruction.d. Reducing Cognitive LoadTraditional teaching methods often rely heavily on verbal and visual instructions, which can place a significant cognitive load on students. VR, on the other hand, offers multisensory experiences that can reduce cognitive load by engaging students through different senses simultaneously. This multimodal approach enhances understanding and retention of information, as students can process and retain educational content more effectively.Challenges of VR in Educationa. High Cost of ImplementationOne of the significant challenges of implementing VR in education is the high cost associated with the necessary hardware and software. VR systems require expensiveequipment such as headsets, sensors, and computers, which can be a barrier for schools and educational institutions with limited budgets. Additionally, maintaining and upgrading this equipment can also add to the overall cost.b. Technical ComplexityVR technology is complex and requires specialized technical knowledge to implement and maintain effectively. Educators need to have a certain level of technical proficiency to set up and troubleshoot VR systems, as well as understand how to create and develop VR content. This technical expertise can be a limitation, especially in regions with limited access to technology resources and training.c. Limited Connectivity and Internet InfrastructureFor effective VR implementation, a stable and highspeed internet connection is crucial. However, many educational institutions may face challenges in terms of connectivity and infrastructure, particularly in rural or developing areas. Slow internet speeds or connectivity issues can result in lagging, distortion, or dropout of the VR experience, negatively impacting student engagement and learning outcome.d. Limited Availability of VR ContentDeveloping highquality VR content specifically for educational purposes can be timeconsuming and resourceintensive. Currently, there is a limited availability of offtheshelf VR content in educ ation, limiting educators’ options and requiring them to invest significant effort in creating their own content. This lack of standardized and readily available content can pose a challenge in terms of scalability and integration into the curriculum.Future Prospects of VR in EducationDespite the challenges, the future of VR in education holds tremendous potential. As technology continues to advance and costs come down, more and more educational institutions are likely to adopt VR as a mainstream teaching tool. The immersive and interactive nature of VR has the power to transform the way students learn and engage with educational content, making it an exciting area of exploration for educators and researchers alike.篇6Vr EducationThe use of virtual reality in education has revolutionized the way students learn by offering immersive, interactive learning experiences. So, how does VR education work? Simply put, VR is the use of computer technology to generate a simulated threedimensional environment that can be interacted with.How does it impact education? In education VR allows students to learn in a more engaging way. For example students can explore historical sites, conduct science experiments, or learn a foreign language without ever leaving the classroom. VR can also help students with learning difficulties by providing individualized learning experiences.With VR teachers can create immersive lessons that make learning more fun and engaging. Additionally, VR can help students learn critical thinking and problemsolving skills by simulating realworld scenarios.Now there are several challenges to implementing VR in education as well. Firstly, VR technology is still relatively expensive, which can limit its widespread adoption. Additionally, creating highquality VR content can be timeconsuming and expensive. However, as technology continues to advance and more affordable VR headsets become available, the cost of implementing VR in education is likely to decrease.In conclusion, virtual reality has great potential to transform education and learning. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see more and more innovative uses of VR in the classroom.。
基于深度学习的虚拟现实与增强现实技术研究虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,简称VR)和增强现实(Augmented Reality,简称AR)是近年来备受瞩目的技术领域。
它们通过融合计算机图形学、人机交互、感知技术等多个学科,使用户可以体验到与真实世界或虚拟世界的交互和沉浸式感觉。
本文将重点讨论基于深度学习的虚拟现实与增强现实技术的研究进展。
一、虚拟现实技术的深度学习应用虚拟现实技术通过使用头戴式显示器等设备,将用户带入一个生成的虚拟环境中。
深度学习技术在虚拟现实中扮演着重要的角色,可以用于场景生成、物体识别、动作捕捉等方面。
1. 场景生成深度学习可以通过对大量数据进行学习,生成高质量、逼真的虚拟场景。
通过使用卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks,简称CNN)等深度学习模型,可以生成高分辨率的虚拟场景,并在虚拟现实设备上进行展示。
2. 物体识别深度学习技术在虚拟现实中的物体识别任务中也有广泛的应用。
通过训练深度神经网络(Deep Neural Networks,简称DNN)等模型,可以实现对虚拟环境中的物体进行准确识别。
这对于虚拟场景的交互和增强现实应用非常重要。
3. 动作捕捉虚拟现实中的动作捕捉是实现真实感和交互性的关键。
深度学习技术可以通过对大量人体动作数据进行学习,实现高质量的动作捕捉。
例如,通过使用循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Networks,简称RNN)等模型,可以实现对用户动作的实时捕捉和反馈。
二、增强现实技术的深度学习应用增强现实技术通过将虚拟内容叠加到真实世界中,为用户提供更加丰富的交互体验。
深度学习技术在增强现实中的图像处理、目标跟踪等方面有着广泛的应用。
1. 图像处理深度学习可以在增强现实中实现对图像的处理和增强。
例如,通过使用卷积神经网络等模型,可以实现对真实世界中的图像进行实时分割,将增强现实内容与真实世界无缝融合。
高中英语作文《虚拟现实技术的应用》The Application of Virtual Reality TechnologyVirtual reality (VR) technology, which has gained immense popularity in recent years, has revolutionized various fields with its immersive and interactive experiences.Its applications range from entertainment and education to healthcare and industry, offering numerous benefits and transforming the way we live and work.In the entertainment industry, VR has made significant strides, allowing users to immerse themselves in virtual worlds and experience things that are otherwise unavailable in reality.Gaming, in particular, has been greatly influenced by VR technology.Players can now don VR headsets and find themselves inside the game, making gaming experiences more realistic and engaging.Furthermore, VR has also made its way into the world of cinema, providing viewers with immersive movie experiences that make them feel like they are part of the story.Education is another field where VR technology has made a significant impact.It provides an effective tool for learning, offering students the opportunity to explore virtual environments and gain hands-on experiences.For instance, medical students can practice surgical procedures in a virtual operating room, enabling them to develop their skills in a safe and controlled environment.Similarly, history students can virtually visit ancient ruins or witness historical events,making their learning experiences more memorable and engaging.In the healthcare industry, VR technology is being used to treat various conditions, including phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety.By simulating virtual environments that trigger patients' fears, therapists can help them overcome their phobias and PTSD.Additionally, VR is also used for pain management, distracting patients from their pain during treatments or surgeries.The industrial sector has also embraced VR technology, using it for training purposes and enhancing productivity.Workers can undergo simulations in virtual environments, preparing them for real-life situations and improving their skills.Moreover, VR is used in the design and manufacturing process, allowing engineers to visualize and test products before they are brought to market.Despite the numerous benefits of VR technology, there are also some challenges and concerns.One of the main concerns is the potential for addiction, as users can become too immersed in virtual worlds.There are also concerns about the impact of VR on social interactions and the possibility of users experiencing motion sickness.In conclusion, virtual reality technology has diverse applications and has transformed various fields.Its immersive and interactive nature offers unique experiences that were previously unimaginable.As the technology continues to advance, it is likely to have even greater impacts on our lives,makingVR a promising and exciting field of the future.。
基于虚拟现实的教育教学模式研究(英文中文双语版优质文档)Virtual reality technology is an emerging technology, and its application scenarios are becoming more and more extensive, one of which is the application in the field of education and teaching. Virtual reality technology can provide a new experience and method for education and teaching, so as to improve students' learning interest and effect. This article will discuss the education and teaching mode based on virtual reality, focusing on its application scenarios, advantages and challenges, and put forward the direction and suggestions for future development.1. Application Scenarios of Virtual Reality in Education and TeachingVirtual reality technology has a wide range of application scenarios in education and teaching, and can be used for student learning, training and evaluation. The following three aspects will be discussed respectively:1. Student LearningVirtual reality technology can provide students with a more realistic learning experience. For example, in biology, chemistry and other subjects, students can observe and simulate the experimental process through virtual reality technology, so as to better understand the experimental principle and operation method. In the subject of history, students can enter historical scenes through virtual reality technology, understand historical events and cultural background, and improve learning interest and effect.In addition, virtual reality technology can also provide students with a more convenient way of learning. For example, in language learning, students can enter a virtual language environment through virtual reality technology and conduct dialogue exercises with virtual characters, thereby improving their language expression ability. In art disciplines, students can learn artistic skills such as painting and sculpture through virtual reality technology, without being limited by time, place and tools.2. TrainingVirtual reality technology can provide a more realistic training environment for vocational training. For example, in medical training, students can use virtual reality technology to perform surgical simulation exercises to improve surgical skills and ability to deal with emergencies. In industrial training, students can perform mechanical operation simulation exercises through virtual reality technology to improve operating skills and safety awareness.In addition, virtual reality technology can also provide a training environment for employees in dangerous industries. For example, in petroleum, mining, construction and other industries, virtual reality technology can be used to conduct dangerous operation simulation exercises to improve employees' safety awareness and operational capabilities and reduce the possibility of accidents. sex.3. EvaluationVirtual reality technology can provide a more objective way for students to assess their learning. For example, in driving training, students can carry out driving simulation exercises through virtual reality technology, and teachers can evaluate students' driving skills more objectively by evaluating their driving behavior and reactions. In physical education, students can use virtual reality technology to perform sports simulation exercises, and teachers can evaluate students' sports posture and performance more objectively to evaluate students' sports levels.2. Advantages of the education and teaching mode based on virtual reality1. Improve interest in learningrealistic learning experience, thereby improving students' interest in learning. Through virtual reality technology, students can understand the content of the subject more intuitively, stimulate their interest in learning, and thus participate in learning more actively.2. Improve learning effectVirtual reality technology can provide students with a more effective way of learning, thereby improving the learning effect. Through virtual reality technology, students can have a deeper understanding of subject content and better master subject knowledge and skills.3. Improve the learning experiencecomfortable learning environment, thereby enhancing the learning experience. Through virtual reality technology, students can learn without being limited by time, place and tools, freely explore subject content, and enjoy the learning process.4. Lower education costsVirtual reality technology can provide a more economical way for education and teaching, thereby reducing the cost of education. Through virtual reality technology, students do not need to go to the field to study or practice, thus avoiding the cost of field study or practice.3. Challenges of the education and teaching model based on virtual reality1. Lack of technical maturityVirtual reality technology is still in the early stages of development, and the technology is not mature enough, so there are technical difficulties and challenges. For example, hardware devices and software applications of virtual reality technology need to be continuously improved and updated to provide a better learning experience.2. Requires significant resources and commitmentThe education and teaching mode based on virtual reality requires a lot of resources and investment, including hardware equipment, software development, labor costs, etc. These costs may exceed the budget of some educational institutions, limiting the promotion and application of virtual reality technology.3. The evaluation of learning effect needs further researchVirtual reality technology has great potential to improve learning outcomes, but further research and evaluation is still needed. For example, how to combine virtual reality technology with traditional education and teaching methods to achieve better learning effects requires more in-depth research and practice.4. Need to improve the strength of teachers and the acceptance of studentsThe education and teaching mode based on virtual reality needs to have corresponding teachers and students' acceptance in order to achieve good educational effects. Some educational institutions need to improve teachers' skills and literacy to better apply virtual reality technology for teaching; at the same time, students also need to gradually adapt to virtual reality technology and make full use of the learning resources and tools it provides.虚拟现实技术是一种新兴的技术,其应用场景越来越广泛,其中之一就是在教育教学领域中的应用。
英语作文-虚拟现实技术应用于培训教育,创新学习方式Virtual reality (VR) technology has been making waves in the field of training and education, offering innovative and immersive learning experiences that were previously unimaginable. By simulating real-life scenarios and environments, VR has the potential to revolutionize the way we learn and acquire new skills. In this article, we will explore the applications of VR technology in training and education, and how it is reshaping the way we approach learning.One of the most significant advantages of VR technology in training and education is its ability to create realistic and interactive simulations. For example, medical students can now practice surgical procedures in a virtual operating room, allowing them to gain hands-on experience in a safe and controlled environment. Similarly, VR simulations can be used to train pilots, engineers, and other professionals in high-risk or complex scenarios, without exposing them to actual danger. This not only enhances the learning experience but also improves retention and skill acquisition.Furthermore, VR technology enables personalized learning experiences, catering to individual learning styles and preferences. By immersing learners in a virtual environment, instructors can tailor the content to meet the specific needs of each student, providing a more effective and engaging learning experience. This level of customization is particularly beneficial in education, where students have diverse learning abilities and interests. VR technology can adapt to the pace and skill level of each student, ensuring that they receive the support and challenges they need to succeed.In addition, VR technology has the potential to break down geographical barriers in education. With VR headsets, students can participate in virtual classrooms and collaborative learning experiences, regardless of their physical location. This opens up new opportunities for distance learning and remote education, allowing students to access high-quality education without the constraints of traditional classroom settings.Furthermore, VR can facilitate cultural exchange and global collaboration, as students can interact with peers from around the world in virtual environments, fostering a sense of interconnectedness and understanding.Moreover, VR technology provides a multi-sensory learning experience, engaging visual, auditory, and kinesthetic senses to enhance learning and retention. This immersive approach to learning is particularly effective in capturing and maintaining the attention of learners, as it stimulates multiple senses and creates a more memorable learning experience. As a result, students are more likely to retain the information and skills they acquire through VR-based training and education.In conclusion, the application of VR technology in training and education represents a significant advancement in the way we learn and acquire new skills. By creating realistic simulations, personalized learning experiences, breaking down geographical barriers, and providing multi-sensory learning, VR technology is reshaping the landscape of education. As the technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more innovative and effective applications of VR in training and education, ultimately transforming the way we approach learning and skill development.。
虚拟专业英语作文Virtual Reality in Education。
Introduction。
Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that has gained significant popularity in recent years. It creates a simulated environment that allows users to interact with a three-dimensional computer-generated world. VR has been widely used in various fields, including entertainment, healthcare, and engineering. However, its potential in education is often overlooked. This essay aims to explore the benefits of virtual reality in education and discuss how it can revolutionize the way we learn.Body。
1. Enhanced Learning Experience。
Virtual reality provides a unique and immersivelearning experience that traditional methods cannot match. By putting on a VR headset, students can be transported to different places and time periods, bringing history, science, and geography lessons to life. For example, students can explore ancient civilizations, witness historical events, or even visit outer space. This hands-on approach enables students to engage with the subject matter on a deeper level, making learning more enjoyable and memorable.2. Increased Engagement and Motivation。
Virtual Reality for Enhanced Learning Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that creates a simulated environment that can be experienced through a headset or other device. It has been gaining popularity in recent years, with applications in gaming, entertainment, and even healthcare. However, one area where VR has the potential to make a significant impact is in education. Virtual reality for enhanced learning can provide students with a more immersive and interactive experience, allowing them to better understand complex concepts and retain information more effectively.From a student's perspective, virtual reality can be an exciting and engaging way to learn. Traditional classroom lectures and textbooks can be dry and boring, making it difficult for students to stay focused and retain information. With VR, students can be transported to different environments and scenarios, allowing them to experience firsthand what they are learning about. For example, students studying history can visit ancient civilizations or witness historical events, while science students can explore the human body or witness chemical reactions in a safe and controlled environment. This type of experiential learning can be more effective than traditional methods, as it allows students to engage with the material on a deeper level.From a teacher's perspective, virtual reality can be a valuable tool for enhancing the classroom experience. VR can help teachers create more dynamic and interactive lessons, allowing them to better engage with their students. It can also be used to supplement traditional teaching methods, providing students with additional resources and materials to help them better understand the material. Additionally, VR can be used to provide personalized learning experiences, allowing students to learn at their own pace and in a way that works best for them.From an institutional perspective, virtual reality can be a cost-effective way to enhance the learning experience for students. While traditional field trips and hands-on experiences can be expensive and logistically challenging, VR can provide a similar experience at a fraction of the cost. Additionally, VR can be used to provide education to students in remoteor underserved areas, who may not have access to the same resources and experiences as their peers in more affluent areas.However, there are also potential challenges and limitations to using virtual reality for enhanced learning. One concern is that VR may be too immersive, making it difficult for students to differentiate between the virtual and real world. This could potentially lead to disorientation or other negative effects. Additionally, there may be concerns about the cost and accessibility of VR technology, particularly for schools and students in lower-income areas. Finally, there may be concerns about the quality and accuracy of VR educational content, as there is currently no standardized curriculum or certification process for VR educational materials.Overall, virtual reality has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach education. By providing students with immersive and interactive experiences, VR can help them better understand complex concepts and retain information more effectively. Additionally, VR can provide teachers with new tools and resources to enhance their lessons and engage with their students. While there are potential challenges and limitations to using VR in education, the benefits are clear, and it is likely that we will see more and more schools and institutions adopting this technology in the coming years.。
Elearning,or electronic learning,is a flexible and accessible method of education that has become increasingly popular in recent years.Here are some points to consider when writing an essay on elearning:1.Introduction to ELearning:Begin your essay by defining elearning and explaining its significance in the modern educational landscape.Mention how it has evolved with the advancement of technology and the internet.2.Advantages of ELearning:Accessibility:Discuss how elearning allows students to access educational materials from anywhere with an internet connection.Flexibility:Highlight the ability of elearning to accommodate different schedules and learning paces.CostEffectiveness:Elearning can be more affordable than traditional classroom education,as it reduces the need for physical infrastructure and transportation. Personalization:Explain how elearning platforms can tailor content to individual learning styles and needs.3.Types of ELearning:Describe various forms of elearning,such as online courses, webinars,virtual classrooms,and mobile learning applications.4.Pedagogical Approaches:Discuss the different teaching methods used in elearning, such as flipped classrooms,selfpaced learning,and interactive multimedia content.5.Challenges of ELearning:Technical Issues:Address the potential for technological problems that can disrupt the learning process.Lack of Social Interaction:Discuss the absence of facetoface interaction and its impact on the learning experience.SelfMotivation:Evaluate the need for selfdiscipline and motivation in an elearning environment,as it requires students to be proactive in their learning.6.Technological Tools:Mention the various tools and platforms used in elearning,such as Learning Management Systems LMS,video conferencing software,and educational apps.7.Impact on Traditional Education:Explore how elearning has influenced traditional classroom education,including the adoption of blended learning models that combine online and inperson instruction.8.Future of ELearning:Predict the future trends in elearning,such as the integration of artificial intelligence,virtual reality,and augmented reality in educational content.9.Case Studies:If possible,include examples of successful elearning initiatives or institutions that have effectively implemented elearning strategies.10.Conclusion:Summarize the main points of your essay,reiterating the benefits and challenges of elearning,and provide your perspective on its role in shaping the future of education.Remember to structure your essay with a clear introduction,body paragraphs that explore each point in detail,and a conclusion that wraps up your e evidence and examples to support your arguments and make your essay more persuasive.。
英语作文-虚拟现实技术助力教育创新Virtual Reality Technology Boosts Educational Innovation。
Virtual reality (VR) technology has been making waves in the field of education, revolutionizing the way students learn and interact with the world around them. This cutting-edge technology has the potential to transform traditional educational methods and provide students with immersive, engaging, and interactive learning experiences. In this article, we will explore the impact of virtual reality technology on educational innovation and how it is reshaping the future of learning.One of the most significant benefits of virtual reality technology in education is its ability to create immersive learning environments. With VR headsets, students can be transported to different places, time periods, and even fictional worlds, allowing them to explore and interact with the subject matter in a way that was previously impossible. For example, students studying history can virtually visit ancient civilizations, witness historical events, and gain a deeper understanding of the past. This immersive experience not only makes learning more engaging and enjoyable but also helps students retain information more effectively.Furthermore, virtual reality technology enables students to participate in realistic simulations and hands-on activities that enhance their learning experiences. For instance, medical students can practice surgical procedures in a virtual operating room, science students can conduct virtual experiments in a laboratory, and engineering students can design and test virtual prototypes. These simulations provide students with valuable practical skills and real-world experience, preparing them for their future careers.In addition to creating immersive learning environments and realistic simulations, virtual reality technology also fosters collaboration and interaction among students. Through VR platforms, students from different locations can come together in a shared virtual space to work on projects, solve problems, and engage in discussions. This not only promotes teamwork and communication skills but also breaks down geographical barriers, allowing students to connect and learn from peers around the world.Moreover, virtual reality technology has the potential to make education more inclusive and accessible to all students, including those with disabilities or learning difficulties. By providing alternative ways of presenting information and accommodating different learning styles, VR technology can cater to the individual needs of students and create a more inclusive learning environment. This can help bridge the gap in education and ensure that every student has the opportunity to thrive and succeed.As virtual reality technology continues to advance and become more accessible, its potential to revolutionize education is limitless. However, it is important to note that the successful integration of VR technology into education requires careful planning, investment in resources, and training for educators. Additionally, considerations for the ethical use of VR technology and its impact on students' well-being should be taken into account.In conclusion, virtual reality technology holds great promise for educational innovation, offering immersive learning environments, realistic simulations, collaborative opportunities, and inclusivity. As educators and technology developers continue to explore the possibilities of VR in education, it is evident that virtual reality has the power to transform the way we teach and learn, paving the way for a more engaging, interactive, and effective educational experience.。
人工智能在未来教育方面的应用英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1The Amazing World of AI in SchoolsHi there! My name is Samantha, and I'm a 4th grader at Oakwood Elementary School. Today, I want to tell you all about the really cool ways that artificial intelligence, or AI for short, is going to change how we learn and go to school in the future. AI is kind of like really smart computer programs that can think and learn just like humans can. Pretty wild, right?One way AI will help us at school is by being super smart teaching assistants! Can you imagine having a robot teacher that knows absolutely everything about every subject? With AI teachers, we'd never have to worry about them making a mistake or not knowing the answer to our questions. The AI could easily break things down in a simple way for us to understand. And get this - the AI teacher would learn about each student's personalstrengths and weaknesses to customize the lessons exactly for them. No more one-size-fits-all classes!Speaking of personalized learning, AI tutors could be unbelievably helpful. Whenever we're feeling stuck on a math problem or can't quite grasp that concept from science class, we could work with an AI tutor programmed to understand our learning style. The AI could go over things as many times as we need, giving us new examples and explanations until that lightbulb finally goes off in our heads. No more tears of frustration over homework!AI could also make our classroom materials so much more engaging and interactive. Our textbooks could use AI to have conversations with us about what we're learning. If we read something we don't understand, we could just ask the AI tutor in the textbook for help. Or in history class, we could put onAI-powered virtual reality headsets to get fully immersed and experience major events from the past with all five senses. No more boring lectures or two-dimensional pictures in our books!Can you imagine how amazing school field trips will be with AI guides? We could visit museums or national parks and the AI guide would tailor all the information to our interests and grade level. It would be like having the most knowledgeable tour guide that also knows exactly how to make kids our age stay entertained and invested. Best field trip ever!And when it comes to staying healthy and safe at school, AI will have our backs. Smart security cameras using AI could better monitor for any dangerous situations. AI health assistants could quickly notice if a student seems under the weather and make sure they get prompt care. Some schools are even working on AI bathroom assistants that could automatically alert a custodian if soap or toilet paper needs restocking. Yeah, bathroom robots - let's go!Of course, AI won't just be limited to helping out at school. We could have AI tutors at home too! Let's say we miss a math lecture because we're sick one day. Instead of having tons of makeup work, we could replay the entire lesson through an AI tutor program. The AI could walk us through all the examples and let us get personalized practice until we've got it down pat, making it like we never even missed school.Writing essays and book reports will also be a total breeze thanks to AI writing buddies! The AI could help us pick good topics, do research, organize our thoughts, and make sure all our writing is clear and mistake-free. No more stressing over English assignments!Really, the possibilities of AI feel kind of endless. Maybe in the future, we'll have robot classmates that use AI to be theperfect study buddies or peers to practice conversing with. Perhaps AI holograms could beam in guest speakers from around the world to share their experiences with us. Or what if AI coaches could train us for sports teams, analyze our technique, and develop custom drills? So cool!Now, I know some people might have concerns about AI being used too much in education. Some may worry it could replace human teachers altogether. But from what I understand, the plan is for AI to be a tool that assists teachers, not replaces them. Teachers will still be super important for things like giving us moral guidance, emotional support, and teaching us important human stuff that AI can't. AI would just help by taking over some of the more routine tasks so teachers can spend more quality time with their students.Others might feel like relying on AI is kind of "cheating" when it comes to learning. But way I see it, anything that helps make me smarter and understand things better isn't cheating at all - it's just using the resources available to me. As long as I'm the one putting in the effort to learn and grow my knowledge, I don't think it matters if I have a little AI assistance along the way. It would be no different than looking things up online or getting an explanation from a parent today.Personally, I'm really excited about AI coming to the classroom. Admittedly, it will probably be a little weird getting used to robot teachers and downloading textbooks into our brain computers or whatever wild technology they come up with next. But overall, AI will make learning so much more immersive, engaging, and tailored to how each kid's brain works best. Why would I not want to take advantage of these incredible AI tools to become a smarter, more knowledgeable, and more capable student?I say bring on the AI revolution in schools! But don't worry, human teachers - we'll always need you too. After all, even a super smart AI could never replace the wisdom, warmth, and inspiring spark that can only come from a great human teacher. AI and teachers working together will make for one awesome, mind-expanding education!篇2The Future of Learning with Artificial IntelligenceHi there! My name is Emma and I'm a 10-year-old student. I love learning about new technologies and imagining how they might change the world in the future. One area that really fascinates me is artificial intelligence (AI) and how it couldtransform education. Let me tell you about some of the cool ways AI might help kids like me learn in the years ahead!First off, AI tutors could make learning way more fun and personalized. Instead of a human teacher trying to keep dozens of students engaged at once, AI tutoring systems could create customized lessons for each individual student. The AI would analyze my strengths, weaknesses, interests, and learning style to put together multimedia lessons perfectly tailored just for me.The AI tutor would be a friendly animated character who could patiently walk me through concepts until I understood, repeating things differently if I got stuck. It could use games, videos, interactive simulations, and more to make subjects engaging. If I aced a lesson, it would automatically level up the difficulty. If I struggled, it would slow down and reinforce the basics. No more getting bored by lessons being too easy or frustrated by them being too hard!AI tutors could also motivate me by incorporating my hobbies and pop culture interests into the lessons. Maybe I'm really into dinosaurs, so the math problems have dinosaur characters. Or if I like reading about space, the AI tutors could have me learning grammar by editing sci-fi stories. School wouldfeel less like a chore and more like playing an educational game tailored to my personal life. How awesome is that?Beyond one-on-one tutoring, AI could assist teachers in classrooms as well. Computer vision could track students' engagement levels by analyzing our facial expressions and body language. If too many of us looked confused or zoned out, the AI could flag to the teacher that a concept needed more explanation. The AI could even suggest short brain breaks like stretches or dances to re-energize us when our attention wandered.AI teaching assistants could provide real-time support too. If I raised my hand because I didn't understand something, a friendly AI puppy avatar could appear on my desktop tore-explain things using simple language, visuals, and examples until the lightbulb went on in my head. How neat is that?Speaking of support, AI writing tutors could help kids like me improve our skills by providing feedback on our spelling, grammar, clarity and more as we work on assignments. Composing stories and essays would become an easier, less frustrating process when we had an AI assistant watching our back.Looking even further into the future, AI could fully automate grading for certain types of tests and assignments like multiple choice, fill-in-the-blanks, or solving equations. Instead of having to wait days or weeks for our work to get graded, we could get instant feedback while the concepts were still fresh in our minds. Imagine never having to stress over when you'll finally get your math test back!Another exciting possibility is using augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) for immersive, experiential learning with AI assistants as our guides. We could take virtual field trips through ancient Rome, exploring the Colosseum and Roman culture with an AI docent as our tour guide. Or we could shrink down and explore a plant or human cell with an AI explaining the biology along the way. Talk about making lessons come to life!Some people worry about AI like robots taking over everything and replacing human teachers entirely. While I can see AI revolutionizing how we learn, I don't think human teachers will ever go away. There are some things AI still can't replicate like a teacher's warmth, empathy, and ability to really understand students on a personal level. Machines may be able to customize lessons, but they'll never truly "get" us the way a caring, intuitive human teacher can.So in my mind, the future of education will involve AI and humans working together as partners. Teachers will offload tedious tasks like grading and rote instruction to the AI, freeing them up to focus on what humans do best - mentoring, nurturing growth mindsets, tailoring social-emotional support, and providing face-to-face guidance to help children reach our full potential. The AI will be our supplemental tutor and aid, not our replacement.Of course, this AI-enhanced vision of education won't happen automatically. We'll need to make sure all students have access to this technology, not just the wealthy ones. Schools will require major funding increases for hardware, software integration, and teacher training. Robust privacy safeguards must be put in place to protect student data too. Change can be scary, but I believe the benefits of AI in schools will be well worth the effort if done thoughtfully.Ultimately, I'm really excited about the future of learning turbo-charged by artificial intelligence! Imagine how much more we could soak in and how many more lightbulb moments we could experience. I can't wait to see what's next for AI and education. Maybe some of you reading this will end up creatingbreakthroughs to revolutionize how kids like me learn. We're counting on you!篇3The Future of Learning with AIHi there! My name is Emma and I'm a 4th grader. Today I want to tell you all about how artificial intelligence (AI) is going to change the way we learn in schools. AI is really cool technology that can think and learn kind of like humans. It's going to make education much more fun and personalized for each student. Let me explain!First off, AI teachers are going to be a big thing. We'll still have human teachers, of course. But we'll also have AI assistants that can give us one-on-one tutoring anytime we need it. If I'm stuck on a math problem or can't understand part of my history lesson, I can just ask my AI tutor to re-explain it in a way I'll understand. The AI will know exactly what concepts I'm struggling with and how to help me learn better.The AI tutors will also be able to create custom lesson plans just for me based on my strengths, weaknesses, interests, and learning style. If I'm a visual learner, it can teach me using more pictures, videos and interactive simulations. If I like learningthrough stories, it can turn every topic into an engaging narrative. No more one-size-fits-all lessons!AI tutors will make learning way more interactive and immersive too. For example, let's say we're studying ancient Greece. The AI could create a virtual reality simulation that makes me feel like I'm really living in ancient Athens! I can walk through the marketplaces, visit the Acropolis, and experience what life was like back then. It'll be like the dull old textbooks have come to life.We'll also have AI graders that can provide feedback on our work instantly. Usually when I turn in an essay, I have to wait days or weeks for my teacher to grade it. With AI grading, I'll know right away what my score is and what I need to improve. The AI can highlight areas where I could explain a concept better or provide suggestions for better vocabulary words to use.Another cool thing is that AI can analyze data about my performance to figure out new ways to motivate me. If it notices I'm getting distracted or stressed, it might recommend taking a break to re-energize. Or it could adjust the difficulty to keep me challenged but not overwhelmed. Basically, the AI will learn about me so it can cheer me on in the way that works best.Our classrooms will be smarter too thanks to AI. We'll have digital whiteboards that can move information around and highlight key points as the teacher talks. Or we could have an AI that transcribes everything so I don't have to take notes and can just focus on listening. There might even be little robot assistants that can fetch supplies or help out however we need!AI translation will also help students who are learning a new language or just moved to the country. I can imagine having ear-pieces that provide real-time translation so I can understand instruction in my native tongue until I'm fluent. Or AI writing aids that translate my essays into proper English. That would be so helpful!Of course, AI probably can't replace human teachers completely. We'll still need caring people who can inspire us, encourage creativity, and make sure we develop good values. But AI will give those teachers high-tech superpowers to create a fun, personalized learning environment for every student.I also hope AI tutors will be available to everyone, not just kids who can afford fancy private schools. If used responsibly, AI teaching assistants could help give all students an equal opportunity to reach their full potential.There are still a lot of questions about AI that experts need to figure out. Like how to make sure the AI is teaching us accurate information and not picking up biases or mistakes. And we'll need rules about what's off-limits so the AI doesn't try helping us cheat or do our homework for us (though I can't promise I won't be tempted to ask sometimes!).Overall though, I'm really excited about AI coming to our schools in the future. It's going to revolutionize how we learn in ways that seem straight out of science fiction. With AI superpowers giving each student a custom education experience, I think we're all going to be a lot more engaged, confident, and eager to keep learning. The classroom of the future is going to be awesome!。
Deep Learning in Virtual Reality:How to Teach Children That the Earth is Round Stellan Ohlsson (stellan@)University of Illinois at ChicagoDepartment of Psychology (MC 285)1007 West Harrison StreetChicago, IL 60607-7137Thomas G. Moher (moher@)Andrew Johnson (ajohnson@)University of Illinois at ChicagoDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (MC 154)851 South Morgan StreetChicago, IL 60607-7053AbstractTo understand deep cognitive change, we have to understand how learners can go beyond their own prior knowledge. We propose a displacement scenario in which a learner acquires a target idea in a different context and then transfers that idea into a target context. We used virtual reality technology to implement a displacement scenario for teaching 2nd grade children that the Earth is round. The rather large pre- to posttest improvement was stable over four months.The Paradox of Deep Learning Knowledge systems are organized along a center-periphery axis. One or more central ideas dominate more peripheral ones. The center-periphery structure is particularly obvious in scientific theories (Lakatos, 1980), but it also plays an important role in cognitive development (Chi, 1992; Vosniadou, 1994), social cognition (Eagly & Chaiken, in press; Rokeach, 1970) and elsewhere.Changing the peripheral parts of a knowledge system by learning new facts or skills is easy enough, but revising its core concepts -- deep learning -- is a different matter (Ohlsson, 1995). Both direct experiences and communications are interpreted in terms of, and with the help of, prior ideas and hence tend to be understood as consistent with them. The result is that people assimilate information that is anomalous or inconsistent with current ideas or beliefs either by misunderstanding the former or by revising peripheral parts of the relevant knowledge system (Chinn & Brewer, 1993; Darden, 1992; Kuhn, Amsel & O’Loughlin, 1988; Strike & Posner, 1992). Consequently, neither direct experience nor communications have much power to change central ideas. Fodor (1976, Chap. 2) has argued that this is necessarily so: A less powerful representational system cannot, in principle, replace itself with a more powerful one.This conclusion leads to a paradox (Bereiter, 1985). It implies that central ideas never change, but of course they do. Scientists sometimes revise fundamental theoretical principles and non-scientists undergo radical changes in world view, particularly during childhood. Developmental psychologists have documented deep changes in children’s understanding of a variety of domains (see, e.g., Hirschfeld & Gelman, 1994). Gopnic and Meltzoff (1997) argue that such developmental changes share many features with theory change in science.How is deep cognitive change possible? How does the mind circumvent the learning paradox? One plausible hypothesis is that ideas that are new in one domain are brought into that domain from some other domain. According to this cross-domain transfer hypothesis, to acquire a new central idea in a target domain X, the learner must first acquire that idea in some source domain Y in which its acquisition is not hindered by prior knowledge, and then transfer the new idea to X and build a new understanding of X around it. The new understanding will gradually replace the old. This hypothetical three-step process might circumvent the distorting influence of the learner’s prior ideas about X.This hypothesis predicts that we can facilitate the acquisition of a deep idea if we displace the learner’s attention from the target domain to some other domain, teach him or her the target idea in that domain, and then prompt him or her to transfer it into the target domain. We implemented this displacement scenario in a virtual reality environment for teaching children that the Earth is round. Empirical evaluation in a public school resulted in strongand lasting improvement in the children’s understanding of the shape of the Earth and related facts.Mental Models of the EarthAll direct experience supports the idea that the ground is a flat surface extending in all directions; hills and valleys are only local perturbations. The sky is parallel to the ground, the ground is always down and the sky is always up.These ideas partition the universe into two unequal regions, above and below the Earth. They strongly imply that traveling in a straight line will bring the traveler further and further away from his or her starting point, until he or she reaches a boundary where the Earth stops. Furthermore, down and up do not vary with the observer’s location; an arrow pointing upwards in one location is parallel to an arrow pointing upwards in any other location. Also, objects at a distance are hard to see either because they are occluded by another object or because the observer lacks visual acuity. Finally, the location of the sun and the moon when we cannot see them is problematic. Many children in Western (Nussbaum, 1985; Vosniadou & Brewer, 1992) as well as non-Western (Vosniadou, 1994) societies develop some version of this mental model.The idea that the Earth is spherical has contrasting implications: It suggests that the surrounding space is uniform and it implies that a traveler who keeps going in a straight line will eventually return to his or her starting point. Furthermore, down and up varies with the observer’s location; up in New York is not parallel to up in Hong Kong. Also, distant objects are invisible because they are occluded by the surface curvature. Finally, the sun and the moon are sometimes invisible because they are occluded by the planet itself.The shift from a flat Earth to a round Earth view is an instance of deep learning. The two concepts, clearly stated, contradict each other and they influence many other aspects of one’s understanding of Earth-related facts and events. Empirical research has shown that this shift takes considerable time, at least two years (Vosniadou & Brewer, 1992, Table 4) and possibly as long as six years (Nussbaum, 1985, Fig. 9.16) when it occurs spontaneously, and it requires one or more intermediate mental models. The question is whether this process can be speeded up with the displacement strategy.A Virtual AsteroidOur approach to facilitating the shift from a flat to a round Earth is to teach the idea of a spherical planet in an unfamiliar context, unhindered by prior ideas, and then prompt the learner to apply this idea to his or her knowledge about the Earth. We accomplished the first step in this two-step procedure by using two linked virtual reality (VR) environments. The Asteroid World simulates the experience of walking on the surface of an asteroid with approximately 300 yards diameter. The virtual asteroid is roughly spherical in shape and exhibits a desert-like landscape with a handful of geographical features (a bulge, a canyon, etc.), large rocks scattered here and there and fantasy structures that resemble trees made out of crystal, plus a shuttle-like space ship. The sky is black but features stars and a large, moon-like object. The Asteroid World was presented via a so-called ImmersaDesk, a VR projection device developed at the Electronic Visualization Laboratory at UIC. The ImmersaDesk is roughly 6 feet by 4 feet. The device supports full immersive VR with stereo vision, head tracking, hand tracking and audio; see Czernuszenko, Pape, Sandin, DeFanti, Dawe and Brown (1997) for a technical description.When the Asteroid World user presses the forward-move button on the control stick, he or she has the visual perceptions that would be associated with a physical walk on a real asteroid with the same properties as the virtual one. When the diameter of the world is 300 yards, one can experience its sphericality directly. The horizon is very close, rocks and other large objects appear over the horizon very quickly, the stars in the sky are streaming past at a perceptible pace, objects are difficult to find because they are hidden by the curvature even when close by and circumnavigation is accomplished in a couple of minutes. Our second environment, called the Mission Control, presents a satellite view of the virtual asteroid, projected in stereo on a computer monitor. When the user wears stereo glasses, he or she sees the virtual asteroid as a three-dimensional body floating in space against the background of stars. The various geographical features and the space ship are clearly visible. In addition, the Mission Control user sees the user of the Asteroid World as an avatar, a small space-suited figure. That is, the Asteroid World user and the Mission Control user access the same virtual reality at the same time but from different points of view. In particular, Mission Control can observe the movements of the astronaut on the virtual asteroid in real time. To remain in visual contact, Mission Control can rotate the asteroid (but not change his or her distance from it) by pressing a button on a control stick.The Asteroid and Mission Control environments are described in more detail in Johnson, Moher, Ohlsson and Gillingham (1999). By alternating between them, the learner can experience or perceive the uniformity of the surrounding space, circumnavigation, the relativity of up and down, and occlusion by surface curvature. Furthermore, these experiences occur in a context in which the learner has no prior, conflicting ideas about the shape of the world. The second step in our learning scenario -- to transfer and apply this idea to the everyday experience of the Earth -- is described below.Empirical StudyMethodMaterials The equipment needed to project the two virtual environments was set up in a large room in a public school in a Chicago suburb. The user of one environment could not see the other environment or its user, but the two users were close enough so that they could talk to each other.In addition, our instructional procedure required two physical models. One was a foam rubber model of the virtual asteroid, approximately eight inches in diameter, painted and equipped with a model space ship, rocks and other features to make it recognizable as a model of the virtual asteroid as seen in the Mission Control environment. The second physical model was a standard Earth globe purchased in a book store.Knowledge test To assess children’s understanding of the shape of the Earth, we developed a structured interview derived from those used by previous researchers (Nussbaum, 1985; Vosniadou & Brewer, 1992). The interviewer (a project team member) asked 18 questions about the shape of the Earth, the content of the region below the Earth, circumnavigation, the relativity of up and down and occlusion by curvature. The children’s answers were classified at testing time by the interviewer, using a set of coding categories derived from a pilot study (Johnson, Moher, Ohlsson & Gillingham, 1999). The knowledge test interview took 10-20 minutes. The same test was used as pretest, posttest and delayed posttest.Subjects All fifty second-grade children in the participating class rooms were pretested. The 28 children who answered 10 or fewer pretest questions correctly were included in the treatment group. Due to the small number of such students, we preferred to include all of them in a pretest-posttest design over dividing them into two groups in a treatment-control design. The 22 children who answered 11-13 questions correctly will be referred to as the comparison group, although it is not a control group in the statistical sense due to the non-random group assignments. Procedure For the children in the treatment group, the procedure consisted of pretest, VR experience, bridging activity, posttest and delayed posttest. For the children in the comparison group, the procedure consisted of pretest and posttest.(a) VR experience. The children were paired into teams of two. During the familiarization phase, the two experimenters who acted as guides helped the children put on the stereo glasses and guided them around their respective environments for five minutes. The two children then switched places and the familiarization process was repeated for another five minutes. During familiarization, the guides pointed out visual features related to sphericality (nearness of horizon, objects coming up over the horizon, the avatar seeming to be up side down, circumnavigation, etc.). During the game phase, the children were told that they were stranded on the asteroid for lack of fuel and their task was to find extra fuel cells scattered over the asteroid so that their space ship could return to Earth. The child on the asteroid collected the fuel cells, but the child in Mission Control assisted by locating fuel cells (the latter were clearly visible in the Mission Control view) and by giving directions to the other child. The children played this game for ten minutes, switched places and continued for an additional then minutes. Each child thus had a total of 30 minutes (5+5+10+10) of interaction with the two VR environments.(b) Bridging dialogue. Immediately after the VR experience, the two children were escorted to two different rooms for the bridging dialogue, a structured conversation with a member of the project team. The purpose of this dialogue was to prompt reflection on the VR experience and to help the child transfer the spherical planet idea to his or her mental model of the Earth. In each phase of the dialogue, the experimenter reminded the child of his or her VR experience with the help of the physical model of the asteroid, re-enacting some facet of that experience (e.g., circumnavigation) with toy figures. The experimenter then shifted the child’s attention to the globe of the Earth and told him or her that what was the case on the asteroid is also the case on the Earth, enacting the relevant facet with toy figures vis-à-vis the Earth globe. The conversation then switched back to the asteroid model to cover another facet of sphericality, which was also illustrated with the Earth globe; and so on. The bridging dialogue took approximately 15 minutes.(c) Posttest. The subjects were posttested 24 hours after the learning experience.(d) Delayed posttest. The delayed posttest was administered four months after the learning experience. ResultsFigure 1 shows the outcome. The performance of the treatment group increased from a mean of 7.3 correct answers on the pretest to a mean of 12.9 correct answers on the posttest. We tested the posttest mean with a single-sample t-test, using the pretest mean as the comparison value. The difference is statistically significant (t = 13.68, p < .000). Hence, the treatment group improved from pretest to posttest. The magnitude of the improvement is 12.9 -7.3 = 5.6 scale units, which is 1.9 times the standard deviation on the pretest. The mean number of correct answers on the delayed posttest was 11.4. Almost the entire pre- to posttest improvement was retained four months later.Because the posttest questions were identical to the pretest questions, there is a possibility that the improvement in the children’s understanding of the Earth was caused by the test itself. We can use the comparison group to measure the effect of the test. The members of the comparison group were pre- and posttested but did not undergo the VR experience. The mean number of correct answers in this group was 12.2 on the pretest and 14.0 on the posttest. A single-sample t-test of the posttest mean, using the pretest mean as comparison value, showed that the pre- to posttest difference is statistically significant (t = 4.6, p < .000).Hence, taking the test prompted some learning, even in the absence of the VR experience. The magnitude of the effect is 14.0 - 12.2 = 1.8, which is .6 times the standard deviation on the pretest. This improvement is considerably smaller than the improvement in the treatment group. Due to the non-random assignment of subjects to groups, the evidence provided by this analysis is admittedly weaker evidence thanthat provided by a proper control group.24681012141618N o . o f c o r r e c t a n s w e r sFigure 1. The mean number of correct answers on three test occasions.A t-test for independent samples shows that the difference between the treatment and comparison groups on the pretest was statistically significant (t = 10.71, p < .000). There was no significant difference between the two groups on the posttest (t = 1.90, p > .06).DiscussionThe children in the treatment group almost doubled their understanding of the shape of the Earth, as measured by our knowledge test. The treatment group initially performed considerably below the comparison group, but performed as well as the latter on the posttest. That is, our learning scenario allowed those children who had not spontaneously acquired an understanding of the shape of the Earth to catch up with those who had. Unlike the spontaneous acquisition process, which occurs over several years (Nussbaum, 1985;Vosniadou & Brewer, 1992), the displacement scenario enabled children to acquire the target idea in one day. They retained it four months later.Why was the displacement scenario successful? An explanation for these results must deal with the paradox of deep learning: Central ideas are seldom transformed by novel input; they are too protected by the surrounding belt of auxiliary ideas and beliefs. So how does deep learning ever come about? The cross-domain transfer hypothesis claims that central ideas are not transformed but replaced by ideas transferred from other contexts, domains or situations (Chi,1992). In the present study, both our virtual asteroid and the Earth can be said to belong to the domain of elementary astronomy, but the crucial point for learning is that oursubjects had no prior knowledge about the shape of the virtual asteroid but they did about the shape of the Earth.This model of deep learning differs significantly from other models, e.g., attempts to view deep learning in children as analogous to scientific theory change (Gopnik &Meltzoff, 1997; Hewson & Hewson, 1984; Posner et. al,1982). One difficulty with this theory theory, as it has come to be known, is that human beings are not conspicuously good at evaluating evidence, presumably the central process in theory change. The theory theory describes cognitive change in logical rather than naturalistic terms (Ohlsson,2000). It does not explain our results, because we did not present our subjects with evidence of any kind: We familiarized them with a previously unfamiliar environment and then asserted that what was true in that environment is also true about the Earth. The cross-domain transfer hypothesis does better because, unlike the theory theory, it does not claim that dissatisfaction with prior ideas is a prerequisite for learning. Prior ideas are not necessarily falsified or rejected; instead, they fall into disuse when another, more useful idea becomes available.Unlike the knowledge-in-fragments theory of DiSessa (1988, 1993) and Smith, DiSessa and Roschelle (1995), the present theory does not represent deep learning as a process of clarifying, organizing and systematizing so-called phenomenological primitives. Instead, it claims that a central idea that has been transferred from a different context can serve as a starting point for a new understanding of the target context. One difficulty with the knowledge-in-fragments view is that it is unclear how systematizing and organizing can engender a new idea that directly contradicts one of the ideas available at the outset. For example, it seems implausible that experience of the virtual asteroid would prompt our subjects to organize their no doubt fragmented knowledge of the Earth in such a way that they suddenly realized that it must be spherical.Although our results are more consistent with the cross-domain transfer hypothesis than with these alternative hypotheses, the present study is limited in several respects.The number of children was small, we had no proper control group and the results do not allow us to separate the effects of the virtual reality experience from the effects of the bridging dialogue. We are currently completing a follow-up study that addresses these limitations.In addition to its theoretical interest, the cross-domain transfer hypothesis might have practical importance. It is a commonplace in educational discourse that good instruction should connect to the students ’ prior knowledge and experience. 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