安装python、setuptools、pip等(houwenbin1986)最近需要编译opencv-2.4.12，下载源码opencv-2.4.13.zip后：unzip opencv-2.4.13.zipcd opencv-2.4.12mkdir buildcd buildcmake ..//报错，找不到ccmake ..//GUI模式，进行相应的配置make在cmake配置时，Could NOT find PythonLibs (missing: PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS PYTHON_LIBRARIES)，找不到PythonLibs，好吧，修改/usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindPythonLibs.cmake：因为我想用anaconda2，加入#fixed by houwenbin#set(PYTHON_FOUND 1)#set(PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS "/root/anaconda2/include")#set(PYTHON_LIBRARIES "/root/anaconda2/lib")再次试，虽然找到了，仍然报：target opencv_python requests linking to directory......Targets may link only to libraries. CMake is dropping the item.表现为总是找到的是系统自带的Python2.6.6的so库。
不想捣鼓系统的Python，那就还是用系统的吧！！！补全安装系统的Python开发环境：yum install python-devel再次配置opencv，出现找不到numpy，安装，没有setuptools，安装：wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py --no-check-certificatepython ez_setup.pycd numpy-1.11.2rc1python setup.py install贴一下ez_setup.py#!/usr/bin/env python"""Setuptools bootstrapping installer.Maintained at https:///pypa/setuptools/tree/bootstrap.Run this script to install or upgrade setuptools."""import osimport shutilimport sysimport tempfileimport zipfileimport optparseimport subprocessimport platformimport textwrapimport contextlibimport jsonimport codecsfrom distutils import logtry: from urllib.request import urlopen from urllib.parse import urljoinexcept ImportError: from urllib2 import urlopen from urlparse import urljointry: from site import USER_SITEexcept ImportError: USER_SITE = NoneLATEST = object()DEFAULT_VERSION = LATESTDEFAULT_URL = "https://pypi.io/packages/source/s/setuptools/"DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR = os.curdirdef _python_cmd(*args): """ Execute a command. Return True if the command succeeded. """ args = (sys.executable,) + args return subprocess.call(args) == 0def _install(archive_filename, install_args=()): """Install Setuptools.""" with archive_context(archive_filename): # installing log.warn('Installing Setuptools') if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install',*install_args): log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.') log.warn('See the error message above.') # exitcode will be 2 return 2def _build_egg(egg, archive_filename, to_dir): """Build Setuptools egg.""" with archive_context(archive_filename): # building an egg log.warn('Building a Setuptools egg in %s', to_dir) _python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir) # returning the result log.warn(egg) if not os.path.exists(egg): raise IOError('Could not build the egg.')class ContextualZipFile(zipfile.ZipFile): """Supplement ZipFile class to support context manager for Python 2.6.""" def __enter__(self): return self def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback): self.close() def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): """Construct a ZipFile or ContextualZipFile as appropriate.""" if hasattr(zipfile.ZipFile, '__exit__'): return zipfile.ZipFile(*args, **kwargs) return super(ContextualZipFile, cls).__new__(cls)@contextlib.contextmanagerdefarchive_context(filename): """ Unzip filename to a temporary directory, set to the cwd. The unzipped target is cleaned up after. """ tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp() log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir) old_wd = os.getcwd() try: os.chdir(tmpdir) with ContextualZipFile(filename) as archive: archive.extractall() # going in the directory subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0]) os.chdir(subdir) log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir) yield finally: os.chdir(old_wd) shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay): """Download Setuptools.""" py_desig = 'py{sys.version_info[0]}.{sys.version_info[1]}'.format(sys=sys) tp = 'setuptools-{version}-{py_desig}.egg' egg = os.path.join(to_dir, tp.format(**locals())) if not os.path.exists(egg): archive = download_setuptools(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay) _build_egg(egg, archive, to_dir) sys.path.insert(0, egg) # Remove previously-imported pkg_resources if present (see # https:///pypa/setuptools/pull-request/7/ for details). if 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules: _unload_pkg_resources() import setuptools setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = eggdef use_setuptools( version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, download_delay=15): """ Ensure that a setuptools version is installed. Return None. Raise SystemExit if the requested version or later cannot be installed. """ version = _resolve_version(version) to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir) # prior to importing, capture the module state for # representative modules. rep_modules = 'pkg_resources', 'setuptools' imported = set(sys.modules).intersection(rep_modules) try: import pkg_resources pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=" + version) # a suitable version is already installed return except ImportError: # pkg_resources notavailable; setuptools is not installed; download pass except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: # no version of setuptools was found; allow download pass except pkg_resources.VersionConflict as VC_err: if imported: _conflict_bail(VC_err, version) # otherwise, unload pkg_resources to allow the downloaded version to # take precedence. del pkg_resources _unload_pkg_resources() return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)def _conflict_bail(VC_err, version): """ Setuptools was imported prior to invocation, so it is unsafe to unload it. Bail out. """ conflict_tmpl = textwrap.dedent(""" The required version of setuptools (>={version}) is not available, and can't be installed while this script is running. Please install a more recent version first, using 'easy_install -U setuptools'. (Currently using {VC_err.args[0]!r}) """) msg = conflict_tmpl.format(**locals()) sys.stderr.write(msg) sys.exit(2)def _unload_pkg_resources(): sys.meta_path = [ importer for importer in sys.meta_path if importer.__class__.__module__ != 'pkg_resources.extern' ] del_modules = [ name for name in sys.modules if name.startswith('pkg_resources') ] for mod_name in del_modules: del sys.modules[mod_name]def _clean_check(cmd, target): """ Run the command to download target. If the command fails, clean up before re-raising the error. """ try: subprocess.check_call(cmd) except subprocess.CalledProcessError: if os.access(target, os.F_OK): os.unlink(target) raisedef download_file_powershell(url, target): """ Download the file at url to target using Powershell. Powershell will validate trust. Raise an exception if the command cannot complete. """ target = os.path.abspath(target) ps_cmd = ( "[.WebRequest]::DefaultWebProxy.Credentials = " "[.CredentialCache]::DefaultCredentials; " '(new-object .WebClient).DownloadFile("%(url)s", "%(target)s")' % locals() ) cmd = [ 'powershell', '-Command', ps_cmd, ] _clean_check(cmd, target)def has_powershell(): """Determine if Powershell is available.""" if platform.system() != 'Windows': return False cmd = ['powershell', '-Command', 'echo test'] with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull: try: subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull) except Exception: return False return Truedownload_file_powershell.viable = has_powershelldef download_file_curl(url, target): cmd = ['curl', url, '--location', '--silent', '--output', target] _clean_check(cmd, target)def has_curl(): cmd = ['curl', '--version'] with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull: try: subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull) except Exception: return False return Truedownload_file_curl.viable = has_curldef download_file_wget(url, target): cmd = ['wget', url, '--quiet', '--output-document', target] _clean_check(cmd, target)def has_wget(): cmd = ['wget', '--version'] with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') asdevnull: try: subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull) except Exception: return False return Truedownload_file_wget.viable = has_wgetdef download_file_insecure(url, target): """Use Python to download the file, without connection authentication.""" src = urlopen(url) try: # Read all the data in one block. data = src.read() finally: src.close() # Write all the data in one block to avoid creating a partial file. with open(target, "wb") as dst: dst.write(data)download_file_insecure.viable = lambda: Truedef get_best_downloader(): downloaders = ( download_file_powershell, download_file_curl, download_file_wget, download_file_insecure, ) viable_downloaders = (dl for dl in downloaders if dl.viable()) return next(viable_downloaders, None)def download_setuptools( version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, delay=15, downloader_factory=get_best_downloader): """ Download setuptools from a specified location and return its filename. `version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available as an sdist for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded. `delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download attempt. ``downloader_factory`` should be a function taking no arguments and returning a function for downloading a URL to a target. """ version = _resolve_version(version) # making sure we use the absolute path to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir) zip_name = "setuptools-%s.zip" % version url = download_base + zip_name saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, zip_name) if not os.path.exists(saveto): # Avoid repeated downloads log.warn("Downloading %s", url) downloader = downloader_factory() downloader(url, saveto) return os.path.realpath(saveto)def _resolve_version(version): """ Resolve LATEST version """ if version is not LATEST: return version meta_url = urljoin(DEFAULT_URL, '/pypi/setuptools/json') resp = urlopen(meta_url) with contextlib.closing(resp): try: charset = ().get_content_charset() except Exception: # Python 2 compat; assume UTF-8 charset = 'UTF-8' reader = codecs.getreader(charset) doc = json.load(reader(resp)) return str(doc['info']['version'])def _build_install_args(options): """ Build the arguments to 'python setup.py install' on the setuptools package. Returns list of command line arguments. """ return ['--user'] if er_install else []def _parse_args(): """Parse the command line for options.""" parser = optparse.OptionParser() parser.add_option( '--user', dest='user_install', action='store_true', default=False, help='install in user site package') parser.add_option( '--download-base', dest='download_base', metavar="URL", default=DEFAULT_URL, help='alternative URL from where to download the setuptools package') parser.add_option( '--insecure',dest='downloader_factory', action='store_const', const=lambda: download_file_insecure, default=get_best_downloader, help='Use internal, non-validating downloader' ) parser.add_option( '--version', help="Specify which version to download", default=DEFAULT_VERSION, ) parser.add_option( '--to-dir', help="Directory to save (and re-use) package", default=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, ) options, args = parser.parse_args() # positional arguments are ignored return optionsdef _download_args(options): """Return args for download_setuptools function from cmdline args.""" return dict( version=options.version, download_base=options.download_base,downloader_factory=options.downloader_factory, to_dir=options.to_dir, )def main(): """Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall.""" options = _parse_args() archive = download_setuptools(**_download_args(options)) return _install(archive, _build_install_args(options))if __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit(main())配置opencv，编译OK！同理，安装pip-8.1.2：tar xzf pip-8.1.2.tar.gzcd pip-8.1.2python setup.py install。
