初中英语简单句的基本句型
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初中英语简单句的基本句型
一. 句子的种类
（一） 根据结构划分：
① 简单句：（5种基本句型）
主+谓
主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+谓+双宾（间宾+直宾)
主+谓+宾+宾补
②并列句 and, but， or
③复合句:名词从句（宾，主，表，同）
副词从句(状语从句)
形容词从句（定语从句）
（二） 根据功能划分：陈述句， 祈使句, 感叹句，疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句等）
五种基本句型
【句型一】
主语 + 谓语（不及物动词 vi.)
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语。
His father cooks。
The children are listening quietly。
He runs fast in the street。
The meeting begins at nine.
They worked day and night。
I lived in Beijing five years ago.
【句型二】 2
主语 + 谓语（及物动词vt。） + 宾语
及物动词后必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者
He didn’t like the film.
She often helps him。
I have already finished reading the book。
They decided to go hiking.
He thought about the problem for a few moments。
Who knows the answer？
【句型三】主 + 系 + 表（什么是什么)
连系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用.
系动词可分四类：1. 表 “是 " 如 be “是”（am, is, are， was, were)
2。感官动词 如：look看起来 feel感觉起来，sound听起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来
3。 五变 如：get变得, turn变得, grow变得，go变得， become成为
4。 表 “保持” 如：keep保持, stay保持
作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等
Your watch looks very nice。
The mooncake tastes very delicious.
The days get shorter and shorter。
In spring， the trees turn green。
This is an English—Chinese dictionary.
The dinner smells good.
He is growing tall and strong.
【句型四】
主＋谓＋双宾（间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 这两个宾语通常一个指人 (间接宾语)；
一个指物 (直接宾语）
（两者没有直接的关系）
eg：give / pass / bring/ take / show/ buy sb。 sth. 3
Give me a cup of tea please.
Pass our English teacher the book。
Bring it to me， please。
Show this house to Mr. Smith.
She ordered herself a new dress。
He brought you a dictionary。
Please give me a few apples。
I’ll show you my photos.
【句型五】
主语 +谓语+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语（两者有直接的关系）
谓语后只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思,必须加一个成分来补充说明宾语,才能使意思完整.
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后补充说明宾语.可以用作宾语补足语的有:
名词，形容词，不定式，动名词,分词，介词短语等.
The war made him a soldier. （名词）
New methods make the job easy .(形容词）
I often find him at work . （介词短语）
The teacher ask the students to close the windows。 （不定式）
I saw a cat running across the road. （现在分词）
Our teacher found the windows closed。 （过去分词）
We call him Tom。
At first I found Chinese quite hard.
Tell him not to be late tomorrow.
He made all of us laugh.
The little girl often helps her mother （to) do the housework.
We found a cat lying under the chair。
补充: There be 句型 be动词由后边紧接的名词确定，遵循就近原则。
There is a dog and two cats in the room.
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句子结构分析练习题
一. 选出下列句子的基本句型
1. Pleas tell us a story._______ 2。 She smiled.______
3。 I have a lot work to do。_____ 4. His job is to train
swimmers._____
5。 He noticed a man enter the room._____ 6. Please look at the picture。_____
7. Who cares？ 8. Everything looks different.
9。 His face turned red。 10。 He enjoys reading。
11. He said ”Good morning.” 12。 She looked after the old man.
13。 Our team beat all the others. 14。 I showed him my pictures。
15. I told him that the bus was late. 16. He showed me how to run the
machine。
17. They painted the door green。 18。 They found the door closed。
19。 He asked me to come back soon. 20。 I saw them getting on the bus.
二、判断这些句子的类型
1。The boy is asleep 2。The boy is sleeping.
3。The boy is playing the guitar. 4。He is playing happily.
5.His music is very beautiful。 6.It is beautiful music。
7. She is a very good girl . 8. The girl is very good.
9. They laughed. 10. The kites fly in the sky。
11。 I bought a new bike. 12。 He plays volleyball.
13。 He gave me a good book。 14.He asked me to help him。
15。He made me happy. 16。 She told me a story。
三、指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。
①I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. ②In the modern city, there
are some problems, such as air pollution， crowdness and noise. ③In the countryside
I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. ④There, the air is fresh and the water is
clean. ⑤I can hear birds singing in the green trees. ⑥I can also go boating, fishing，
and swimming in the lake。 ⑦All this will be interesting and good for my health。 ⑧So I want to go to the countryside for a change.
