Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气
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高中英语虚拟语气知识点总结Subjunctive mood is a grammatical form that is used to express hypothetical or contrary-to-fact situations. In high school English, understanding and using the subjunctive mood correctly is essential. Let's delve into the key points of this topic.Firstly, subjunctive mood is commonly used in sentences that express a wish or a desire. For instance, "I wish I were a millionaire." Here, the verb "were" is used instead of "was" to indicate a hypothetical situation. Similarly, expressions such as "if only," "as though," and "it's time" can also trigger the subjunctive mood. For example, "If only she were here," or "He acts as though he were in charge."Secondly, the subjunctive mood is used to give advice or make suggestions. We often use the formula "subject + suggest/recommend + that + subject + base form verb." Forexample, "I suggest that he save money for the future." Here, the base form verb "save" is used instead of "saves." Additionally, expressions like "It is important" or "It is crucial" can introduce the subjunctive. For instance, "It is crucial that he attend the meeting."Thirdly, the subjunctive mood is employed to express a demand, a requirement, or a command. This usually appears in sentences that have the structure "subject + verb + that + subject + base form verb." For example, "The teacher demanded that the students study harder." The base form verb "study" is used instead of "studied."Fourthly, the subjunctive mood is used in certain expressions related to necessity, urgency, or importance. Phrases like "it's necessary," "it's urgent," or "it's vital" are followed by "that" and the subjunctive form of the verb. For instance, "It's necessary that he be on time for the appointment."Lastly, the subjunctive mood is used when we talk about events or situations that are contrary to fact or are unlikely to happen. In conditional sentences type 2 and type 3, the subjunctive mood is used in the dependent clause. For example, "If I were rich, I would travel the world." Here, the verb "were" is used instead of "was" to indicate a hypothetical situation.In conclusion, mastering the subjunctive mood is crucial for high school English students. Understanding its usage in expressing wishes, giving advice, making demands, indicating necessity, or talking about contrary-to-fact situations allows one to communicate accurately and effectively. Practice is key in learning to use the subjunctive mood correctly, and with time, its usage will become intuitive.。
什么是虚拟语气的条件句?虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是英语中一种特殊的语气形式,用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实的情况。
虚拟语气在条件句(Conditional Sentences)中经常使用,以表达某种条件下可能发生的情况。
条件句分为三种类型:真实条件句(Real Conditional Sentences)、虚拟条件句(Unreal Conditional Sentences)和混合条件句(Mixed Conditional Sentences)。
在虚拟条件句中,常常使用虚拟语气来表示与事实相反的情况。
虚拟条件句分为两个部分:条件部分和结果部分。
条件部分陈述了一个假设或条件,而结果部分陈述了与该条件相关的可能结果。
以下是虚拟条件句的几个例子:1. 如果我有时间,我会去旅行。
(真实条件句)If I have time, I will travel.2. 如果我有时间,我会去旅行。
(虚拟条件句)If I had time, I would travel.3. 如果我有时间,我会去旅行。
(混合条件句)If I had time, I would have traveled.在虚拟条件句中,条件部分使用虚拟语气来表示与事实相反、或者是不可能实现的情况。
通常在条件部分使用过去时的形式,例如使用过去完成时或过去简单时。
结果部分则根据条件部分的虚拟语气形式进行相应的变化,使用would + 动词原形来表示结果。
需要注意的是,虚拟条件句中的动词形式取决于条件的类型和时间。
例如,对于与现在事实相反的情况,条件部分使用过去时,结果部分使用would + 动词原形。
对于与过去事实相反的情况,条件部分使用过去完成时,结果部分使用would + have + 过去分词。
对于与将来事实相反的情况,条件部分使用过去时,结果部分使用would + 动词原形。
总之,虚拟语气在条件句中用于表示与事实相反或不可能实现的情况。
初中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的种类与用法虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是英语中的一种特殊语气形式,用于表示非现实的情况、假设、愿望、建议等。
虚拟语气主要有以下几种种类和用法。
1. 条件虚拟语气(Conditional Subjunctive)条件虚拟语气用于描述与现实情况相反或不可能实现的假设条件。
它通常由if引导,用以表示与现实情况相反的假设。
条件虚拟语气的句子通常由主语+谓语动词的过去式构成,次要句则使用过去完成时。
例如:- If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.(如果我是一只鸟,我就会在天空中飞翔。
)2. 建议虚拟语气(Subjunctive for Suggestions)建议虚拟语气用于表示建议、要求、命令、主动要求等含义。
它通常由动词原形构成,谓语动词后不加s或es。
例如:- I suggest that he study harder.(我建议他更加努力学习。
)3. 祝愿虚拟语气(Subjunctive for Wishes)祝愿虚拟语气用于表示对于现在或过去事实的一种虚构愿望,无法实现或不可实现。
它通常由动词原形构成。
例如:- I wish I were a famous singer.(但愿我是一名著名歌手。
)4. 委婉语气(Subjunctive for Politeness)委婉语气用于表示礼貌、客气、委婉的说法,常用于祈使句、建议句、感谢句等。
它通常由动词原形构成。
例如:- Would you mind closing the window?(您介意关上窗户吗?)5. 愿望虚拟语气(Subjunctive for Desires)愿望虚拟语气用于表示对于将来可能的愿望,但很少说成真的可能性。
它通常由动词原形构成,常与情态动词“would”连用。
例如:- I hope she would come to my party.(我希望她能来参加我的派对。
英语虚拟语气的三种时态三种时态中的英语虚拟语气虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是英语语法中的一种特殊形式,用来表达与事实相反、与现实不符合或带有假设、建议、命令等语气的情况。
在英语中,虚拟语气可用于过去、现在和将来三种时态。
本文将详细介绍英语虚拟语气在这三种时态中的应用。
一、过去式虚拟语气(Past Subjunctive)过去式虚拟语气用于对过去发生的事情进行虚拟表达。
它通常与“if”或“wish”等引导的从句连用,表示对过去事实的非真实假设或对过去的遗憾、愿望等。
用法如下:1. 与现在事实相反的假设:If I were you, I would apologize.(如果我是你,我会道歉。
)If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.(如果她学得更努力,她就能通过考试。
)2. 对过去的遗憾、愿望:I wish I had taken that job.(我希望我当时接受了那份工作。
)He wishes he were taller.(他希望自己更高一些。
)二、现在式虚拟语气(Present Subjunctive)现在式虚拟语气用于对现在或将来的事情进行虚拟表达。
它通常与“if”或“suggest”等引导的从句连用,表示对现实的非真实假设、建议或要求。
用法如下:1. 对现在事实相反的假设:If it were to rain, we would stay at home.(如果下雨的话,我们将呆在家里。
)I suggest that he be more careful.(我建议他更加小心。
)2. 对现在的建议或要求:It is important that she arrive on time.(她准时到达是很重要的。
) They demanded that he pay the bill immediately.(他们要求他立即支付账单。
高中英语知识点归纳语法虚拟语气的使用与变化英语知识点归纳:语法虚拟语气的使用与变化虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是英语语法中的一种特殊形式,用来表示虚构、非事实或假设的情况。
本文将对英语中虚拟语气的使用和变化进行归纳。
一、虚拟语气的用途1. 表达愿望和建议:- I wish/If only + 过去式:表达对过去情况的遗憾和不满。
例如:I wish I had studied harder for the exam.(我希望我当时能更努力地学习。
)- Would rather (that) + 主语 + 过去式:表达对现在或将来情况的偏好。
例如:I would rather you came with us.(我宁愿你和我们一起去。
)- It's time (that) + 主语 + 过去式:表示现在是做某事的时候。
例如:It's time you went to bed.(现在是你上床睡觉的时候了。
)2. 表达虚构的情况:- If + 主语 + 过去式,主语 + would/could + 动词原形:表示与现在事实相反的假设情况。
例如:If I were you, I would apologize.(如果我是你,我会道歉。
)3. 表达建议、要求、命令等:- It is important/necessary/advisable/essential... + that + 主语 +(should)+ 动词原形:表示建议或要求。
例如:It is necessary that he (should) finish the task on time.(他必须按时完成任务。
)二、虚拟语气的变化形式1. 一般现在时和一般过去时:- 一般现在时变为虚拟语气时,动词be的过去式用were;- 一般过去时变为虚拟语气时,动词的过去式使用过去完成时的形式。
2. 现在进行时和过去进行时:- 现在进行时变为虚拟语气时,be动词的现在分词形式变为were。
什么是虚拟语气的情态动词?虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是英语中用于表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实情况的一种语气形式。
在虚拟语气中,情态动词(Modal Verbs)在某些情况下会出现特殊的形式来表示虚拟语气。
以下是一些常见的情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法:1. could:-表示能力或可能性的虚拟:He could win the game if he practiced more.(如果他多练习的话,他可能会赢得比赛。
)-表示礼貌的虚拟:Could you please pass me the salt?(你能给我递一下盐吗?)2. would:-表示愿望或假设的虚拟:I wish he would come to the party.(我希望他能来参加派对。
)-表示请求或建议的虚拟:I would suggest that you study harder for the exam.(我建议你为考试更加努力学习。
)3. might:-表示可能性的虚拟:It might rain tomorrow, so bring an umbrella.(明天可能会下雨,所以带把伞。
)4. should:-表示建议或命令的虚拟:He should apologize for his behavior.(他应该为自己的行为道歉。
)5. had better:-表示建议或命令的虚拟:You had better be on time for the meeting.(你最好准时参加会议。
)6. ought to:-表示责任或建议的虚拟:She ought to help her parents with the housework.(她应该帮助父母做家务。
)在使用情态动词时,需要注意以下几点:-情态动词一般不加s,即第三人称单数形式和其他人称形式一样。
-在虚拟语气中,情态动词后面的动词一般使用原形,例如:I wish I could go.(我希望我能去。
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)刘本刚 2005年10月21日1).概念虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测, 建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
2).在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
一、虚拟条件句条件状语从句是非真实情况,在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致,其句型为:If 主语+动词过去式/ were,主语+would(could, should, 或might)+动词原形,例如:If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致,句型为:If 主语+had+过去分词,主语+would(could, should, 或might)+have+过去分词,如:If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致,句型为:If 主语+动词过去式/should+动词原形/were to do,主语+would(could…)+动词原形,例如:If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.注:虚拟条件句中如果含有were, should或had(助动词),可将were, should 或had提前,把if去掉,实行倒装。
Q and A of the Week 你问我答 © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012Page 1 of 3Q and A of the Week 你问我答Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气∙ 关于台词的备注:请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。
本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。
∙ 請注意:中文文字内容只提供簡體版Neil:Hello, welcome to Question and Answer of the week! I'm Neil and with me today is Feifei.Feifei: Hi. You know if you were a gentlemen you would have let me start first – haven’t you heard the saying ‘ladies first’?Neil: I have Feifei – but I often forget it. But what you said about if I were a gentleman is a good example of subjunctive mood.Feifei: 虚拟的心情? No Neil , I’m not in a mood I’m quite happy, I was just saying ladies…Neil: ….first. Feifei , it’s not about being in a mood. The subjunctive mood is something we use in English grammar.Feifei: Really!Neil: I’m going to explain because Chen Chen has written to us an d aksed “Please can you tell me something about subjunctive mood. I find it is hard for me to get it. Thanks!”Feifei: 谢谢Chen Chen 的提问。
原来他想了解虚拟语气subjunctive mood 是怎么回事儿? So where shall we begin Neil?Neil: In grammar the subjunctive is used to express intention or proposal about the future.Feifei: It’s about what’s going to happen then?Neil: Not exactly – it’s abou t suggesting or proposing what we might or could do in the future. There’s no guarantee it will happen.Feifei: 我们用虚拟语气来表达一种假设。
So how do we use it?Neil:I t ’s about how we use verbs. In Eng lish, verbs are used in contexts calledmoods. There are indicative, imperative and subjunctive moods. This finalQ and A of the Week 你问我答 © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012Page 2 of 3mood is the one used to express condition, hypothesis, contingency, or possibility. It is not used to state an actual fact.Feifei: Anything else?Neil:Ah yes, we use the simple form of the verb – that ’s the infinitive of the verb without the ‘to’ in front. This verb may have a different form to one with the same subject which is not in the subjunctive mood. So instead of saying…Example:I was in your position a year ago.Neil: You say…Example:If I were in your position, I would do the same.Feifei: Interesting. 在刚才听到的例句中,因为是一种假设,所以用了were 而不是was.Neil: Yes, it’s perhaps not how you would expect to speak but it the correct way toexpress something that is not an actual fact. You are just suggesting something, that’s why you might begin by saying if . Another example is instead of saying…Example:He is going to play in the football team.Neil: The subjunctive mood would go li ke this…Example:I suggest he be allowed to play in the football team.Feifei: 如果要把一个肯定的句子转换成假设句,那么我们可以把单词 is 改成 be.Neil: Let’s hear some examples of using it in the present tense:Examples:“I suggest John study if he’s to pass his exams.”“We cannot miss the train, it is essential we be there.” “Jane recommends that you join t he tennis club.”Feifei: 在刚才听到的几个含有虚拟语气的例句中,动词study, be 和 join 都以动词原型的形式出现。
Neil: It is and we don’t use it very much in contemporary English. But when it’sbeing used it often involves one of the following verbs:ask, command, demand, insist, order, recommend, suggest and wish.Feifei: 在英语里使用表示要求,命令或建议的虚拟语气时,常出现的动词有ask, command,demand, insist, order, recommend, suggest 和 wish. 比如:Q and A of the Week 你问我答 © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012Page 3 of 3Examples:With his skills, I suggest he cook all the food. We insist he play in the team for the big match. Could I ask he sit with me on the train?Neil: Notice the simple singular use of the verb – cook, play, sit. And here’s anexample of a negative subjunctive sentence…Example:They advised that he not return to work until fully fit.Neil: So note we don’t say ‘do not return to work’ just ‘not return to work.’Feifei: Hmm, it’s a little complicated. Is there anything else we should know?Neil: Yes – but it’s worth checking out bbclear for moreexplanation. Just remember if you want to suggest doubt or say something that’s no t a fact, this is the ‘mood’ you can use.Feifei: So, is you taking me out for dinner a fact or not?Neil: Well, if we were to go for dinner, you’d have to pay!Feifei: Hmm, now I’m in a mood – and not a subjunctive one! 希望chenchen 对虚拟语气有了一定的了解,如果你有语法难题,请发邮件给我们,我们的邮箱是questions.chinaelt@Neil: We look forward to receiving your questions. Now Feifei, how can I help yousnap you out of this mood?Feifei: If I were you Neil , I wouldn’t bother!Neil: Bye.。