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2021届语法精讲习题精做语法精讲习题精做7 定语从定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。
主要考点有：1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；2.关系副词where引导的定语从句（近年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况）；3.“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；4.as引导的非限制性定语从句。
考点1关系代词（2020·山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759.【答案】which/that【解析】考查连词。
根据空格前的先行词the British Museum与空格后的谓语动词opened，判断此处为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
【点拨】1. 限制性定语从句中, 只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
(4)先行词既有人也有物时。
(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
2. 只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。
3. 引导非限制性定语从句的as与which考点2 关系副词（2020·全国I卷）China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。
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高中英语语法：定语从句定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.关系代词有：who， whom, whose， that, which等。
关系副词有:when， where, why等.注意:关系代词和关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。
一、关系代词that， which， who引导的定语从句二、关系代词whose引导的定语从句关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可为限制性的，也可为非限制性的。
先行词既可为人,也可为物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。
例如：This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.The room whose window faces south is mine.He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten.=He has written a book the name of which I've forgotten.三、关系副词引导的定语从句四、判断关系代词与关系副词先把主句和定语从句分开,再找出定语从句所修饰的名词/代词（即先行词），然后放入定语从句中,看看这两者的搭配情况。
定语从句专项综合练习定语从句：在复合句中修饰并限定名词或代词的从句。
这个名词或代词称为“先行词”，而引导定语从句的词称为“关系词”。
定语从句置于先行词的后面。
如：He is the man who/that wants to see you.1.如何选用定语从句的关系词（四部曲）①一划主句②二括定语从句③三圈先行词④将先行词带回到定语从句中去，构成一个完整的句子就选择用关系代词；若不完整，则选择用关系副词或者介词+关系代词。
1.I can’t find the house _____________ my friend lives in.2.I can’t find the house _____________ my friend lives.3.This is the boy ____________he talked with.4. This is the boy ___________ he talked.5.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we worked together.6.I’ll never forget the d ays ___________ we spent together last summer.7. His father works in a factory ___________ makes radio parts.8. His father works in a factory __________ radio parts are made.9. This is the reason _____________ he was late.10.This is the reason _____________ he raised at the meeting.1.(that/which)2.where/ in which3. (who/whom/ that)4. with whom5. when/ during which6.(that/which)7. which/that8.where/ in which9.why 10.(that/which)Ⅱ. 将两个简单句合并为定语从句。
2021高三英语新高考语法复习讲义定语从句1、在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。
定语从句可以分为______性定语从句和________性定语从句。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
(定语从句作______定语)2、先行词被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是：(1)一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)This is the place which is worth visiting. He laughs best who laughs last.(2)一个短语Many life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.翻译：_______(3)一个分句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be. 翻译：__________________________________________I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.翻译：_____________________3．关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2021届高考英语语法填空之定语从句一：知识储备1．确定是定语从句设空处无提示词，而设空前的主句完整；设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，考虑填定语从句关系词。
2．掌握3步法解题技巧第1步：分清限制与非限制在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
②which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一点”。
③as引导非限制性定语从句，可放句中或句首，意为“正如”。
其后的谓语动词多是be seen，be known，be reported，be mentioned，be said，is often the case等。
第2步：寻找先行词，辨别人与物①先行词指人：用that/who/whom/whose；②先行词指物：用that/which/whose等。
第3步：判断所缺成分，确定关系词①缺少主语：that/which/who；②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；③缺少介词的宾语：whom/which；④缺少定语：whose；⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语时：分别用when，where，why。
3．必记定语从句中的2个高频考点①当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，若在从句中作状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句；若作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which。
②先行词为表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语时，用when/where/why引导从句；在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that或which引导从句。
二：真题精析1．The students benefiting most from college are those _who/that__ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life，taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源)．解析：考查定语从句。
考点九定语从句限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1．A football fan is a person ________ has a strong interest in football.答案：who/that 句意：足球迷是对足球有强烈兴趣的人。
分析句子成分可知，此处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词，指人可用who/that。
2．Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the country?答案：whose 此处引导定语从句，先行词为anyone。
whose引导定语从句，在从句中作family的定语。
3．I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers.答案：when 句意：我永远也不会忘记和农民们一起住在农场的那些年。
years是表示时间的名词，且从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故用when引导定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语。
4．We all know that this is the second book ________ he has ever written.答案：that 句意：我们都知道这是他曾经写的第二本书。
当先行词前有序数词修饰时，要用that引导定语从句。
5．________ is often the case in India, foreign firms will face big barriers.答案：As 此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语，指代逗号后面整个主句的内容。
6．Those ________ have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”．答案：who 句意：那些有六个或更多亲密朋友的人常被认为是非常幸福的。
高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题定语从句确实是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，同时作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词（一）定语从句一样由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句先行词之后，定语从句之首，，起着连接先行词和定语从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
先行词：定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
关系代词that 人/物主语宾语Which 物主语宾语Whom 人宾语Who 人主语宾语Whose 人/物定语As 人/物主语宾语先行词在定语从句中作的语法成分关系副词when 时刻名词状语Where 地点名词状语Why 缘故reason 状语关系副词when（指时刻，在定语从句中作时刻状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指缘故，在定语从句中作缘故状语）。
who, whom, whose, which, that, as的使用先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语，用who/that,同时不能省略She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
先行词指人，在定语从句中作宾语，用whom/who/that,能够省略That is the girl whom/who/that I teach. 那个确实是我教的女孩。
先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，用which/that,同时不能省略The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 刚刚完成的那份工作专门重要。
先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，用which/that,能够省略This is the book which/that I want to read. 这确实是我想读的一本书。
2021年高考英语考点聚焦+名题导解备考定语从句新人教版一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点：①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词实用文档关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词：when, where, why。
that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。
（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
2021届高中英语新高考语法核心考点专项复习（05）定语从句知识点整理总结在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般位于先行词之后，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，引导定语从句，同时它又作定语从句的一个成分。
使用什么样的关系词要根据先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分而定。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时在限定性定语从句中可省略，但如果直接置于介词之后作宾语，则不可省略。
关系代词which 或whom 在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般可放在 which 或whom之前，也可放在从句原来的位子上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来位子上，而不放在 which 或whom 之前。
关系代词:1. who（指人，主格）在定语从句中who 作主语。
如：This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.这就是救了那个男孩的医生。
The students who don’t study hard now will not work very well in the future.现在学习不努力的学生将来也不会很好地工作。
It is dangerous to let the children who aren’t old enough swim alone in the river.让那些年龄不够大的孩子们单独去河里游泳是危险的。
This is the girl who I think is a good student.这就是我认为是个好学生的那个女孩。
（此处关系词只能用主格who，原因是先行词the girl在定语从句中作了I think的宾语从句的主语，还原为： I think the girl is a good student.可知是在定语从句中作主语。
）2. whom（指人，宾格）在定语从句中作宾语。
2021年高考英语定语从句考点知识总复习定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
下面是小偏整理的2021年高考英语定语从句考点知识总复习，感谢您的每一次阅读。
2021年高考英语定语从句考点知识总复习定语从句“三要素”1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词2.关系词：引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词：在从句中做主，宾，表，定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。
Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghist ory.比较：Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons. )Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehastwo moresons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语Sheisthegirl(whom/that)Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语Heisnolongertheboy(that)heusedtobe.(可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housingpriceisaproblem(that/which)peopleareinterestedin.比较：Housingpriceisaprobleminwhichpeopleareinterested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?②关系代词在从句中作表语时Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.③先行词被thevery,theright,theonly修饰Thisistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those 等Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateofthesc hool.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWhoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?③在therebe结构中Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.④在非限定性定语从句当中T om,whoismybestfriend,hasgoneabroadtostudy.3.先行词是物(that/which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中Shelostthegame,whichdepressedhergreatly.②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语ThepenwithwhichyouwriteisJack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhic hisnewlyopentous.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,noone等Shedidallthatshecouldtohelpus.②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,hevery,theright，thelast等所修饰时ThisistheverybookthatIwant.③先行词中既有人又有物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandheplacesthatimpr essedhermost.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.ThisisthefirstfilmthatI’veseensinceIcamehere.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用thatHebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWhoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。
2021年高考英语语法复习定语从句考点一关系代词who,whom,whose引导的定语从句1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The little boy who is singing there can recite quite a number of poems.正在那儿唱歌的那个小男孩能背诵很多首诗。
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,可省略。
The author (whom) you criticized has written a letter in reply.你批评的那位作者写了一封回信。
3.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。
Many children,whose parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.很多父母去大城市工作的孩子,在村里得到了很好的照顾。
The building whose roof is red is a post office.红顶的那幢大楼是邮政局。
考点二关系代词that和which的区别There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.世界上对他来说好像没有不可能的事。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。
What’s that which was put in the car?被放入车内的是什么?考点三as和which引导的定语从句1.as和which都可以在非限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,代表前面的整个句子。
He opposed the idea,as∕which could be expected.正如所料,他反对这个想法。
They have invited me to dinner,which∕as is very kind of them.他们真好,邀请我去参加宴会。
2.位置不同。
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,还可以放在主句之中,位置相当灵活,而which引导的非限制性定语从句,则只能放在主句之后。
As has been said before,grammar is not a set of dead rules.如前所述,语法并不是一套死板的规定。
(不能用which)As anybody can see,great changes have taken place in the village.有目共睹的是这个乡村已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。
3.使用的句子结构不同。
as作关系代词还可用于the same...as,such...as等结构中,而which 作关系代词不能用在上述结构中,但有时可用which引导的从句来改写。
如:Here is such a big stone as no one can lift.=Here is a big stone which no one can lift.这是那么大的一块石头,没人能搬得动。
She wears the same kind of clothes as her younger sister.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的衣服。
4.表述的意义不同。
从句含有贬义色彩时只能用which。
如果从句所表达的意义给主句披上一层贬义色彩,非限制性定语从句只能用which来引导,不宜用as来引导。
He married her,which was disgraceful(=shameful).他娶了她,这真令人作呕。
(不能说:He married her,as was disgraceful.)考点四“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.简单介词+关系代词在这种结构中,关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which;介词的选择主要是根据与从句中相关的动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配而定;或者根据先行词与从句中动词的关系而定;或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用而定。
Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?那是你经常为其写文章的报社吗?(for与the newspaper搭配)Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I am not sure?你能给我介绍一下如何使用这些我不确定的习语吗?(about与sure搭配)1949 was the year in which our country was founded.我们国家是在1949年成立的。
(in与the year搭配)Do you know the man to whom I spoke just now?(to与spoke搭配)你认识我刚才和他讲话的那个人吗?2.简单介词+关系代词+名词Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from whose effects the people are still suffering.上个月东南亚局部受洪水袭击。
如今,人们仍在遭受洪水的影响。
3.the+名词+of+关系代词该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替,非正式文体中可以用“of which the+名词”。
The man pulled out a gold watch,the hands of which were made of small diamonds. 那个人拿出一块金表,表的指针是用小钻石做成的。
The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,of which the sailing time was 226 days.这位老水手的这次环球旅行历时9个月,其中有226天是航行时间。
4.表示整体或部分的词语+of+关系代词表示整体或部分的词语常见的有:不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any;数词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数);数词+名词;the+最高级∕比较级,以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,half,a quarter等The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,most of which arebeyond our control.一种植物的生长速度受很多因素的影响,其中大多数的因素是我们控制不了的。
Last week,only two people came to look at the house,neither of whom wanted to buy it.上周,只有两个人看房子,而且他俩都不想买。
考点五关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句1.关系副词when引导的定语从句先行词是表示时间的名词,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常用关系副词when,when 在从句中充当时间状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我还记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。
The book was written in 1946,since when the education system has witnessed great changes.这本书写于1946年。
自那时以来,教育制度已见证了巨大的变化。
Jane is back in May,by when the new house should be finished.简五月回来,到那时,新房子应该完工了。
2.关系副词where引导的定语从句(1)先行词是表示地点的名词时,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常用关系副词where,where在从句中充当地点状语。
Jane paused in front of a counter where some attractive ties were on display.简停留在一个柜台前,一些吸引人的领带摆在那儿。
(2)有时先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词,像activity,business,career,case,job,point,position,race,stage,situation等,当从句中缺少状语时,用关系副词where。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子放在一个能使他们从不同角度认识自己的处境中对他们是有帮助的。
3.关系副词why引导的定语从句关系副词why引导定语从句时,修饰表示原因的名词。
只能在定语从句中作原因状语,可用for which代替,有时也可以省略。
The reason why he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice.因为缺少实践,他没有通过驾驶考试。
定语从句中的注意事项①定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词保持一致。
I,who am your teacher,will try my best to help you.我是你的老师,我将尽力帮助你。
The Forbidden City is one of the world-famous buildings that draw a lot of visitors. 故宫是世界著名的吸引大批游客的建筑之一。
He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarships for three years.他是唯一一位三年获得奖学金的学生。
