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ITO导电玻璃是在钠钙基或硅硼基基片玻璃的基础上，利用磁控溅射的方法镀上一层氧化铟锡（俗称ITO）膜加工制作成的。
液晶显示器专用ITO导电玻璃，还会在镀ITO层之前，镀上一层二氧化硅阻挡层，以阻止基片玻璃上的钠离子向盒内液晶里扩散。
高档液晶显示器专用ITO玻璃在溅镀ITO层之前基片玻璃还要进行抛光处理，以得到更均匀的显示控制。
液晶显示器专用ITO玻璃基板一般属超浮法玻璃，所有的镀膜面为玻璃的浮法锡面。
因此，最终的液晶显示器都会沿浮法方向，规律的出现波纹不平整情况。
在溅镀ITO层时，不同的靶材与玻璃间，在不同的温度和运动方式下，所得到的ITO层会有不同的特性。
一些厂家的玻璃ITO层常常表面光洁度要低一些，更容易出现“麻点”现象；有些厂家的玻璃ITO层会出现高蚀间隔带，ITO层在蚀刻时，更容易出现直线放射型的缺划或电阻偏高带；另一些厂家的玻璃ITO层则会出现微晶沟缝。
ITO导电层的特性：ITO膜层的主要成份是氧化铟锡。
在厚度只有几千埃的情况下，氧化铟透过率高，氧化锡导电能力强，液晶显示器所用的ITO玻璃正是一种具有高透过率的导电玻璃。
由于ITO具有很强的吸水性，所以会吸收空气中的水份和二氧化碳并产生化学反应而变质，俗称“霉变”，因此在存放时要防潮。
ITO层在活性正价离子溶液中易产生离子置换反应，形成其它导电和透过率不佳的反应物质，所以在加工过程中，尽量避免长时间放在活性正价离子溶液中。
ITO层由很多细小的晶粒组成，晶粒在加温过程中会裂变变小，从而增加更多晶界，电子突破晶界时会损耗一定的能量，所以ITO导电玻璃的ITO层在600度以下会随着温度的升高，电阻也增大。
ITO导电玻璃的分类：ITO导电玻璃按电阻分，分为高电阻玻璃（电阻在150~500奥姆）、普通玻璃（电阻在60~150奥姆）、低电阻玻璃（电阻小于60奥姆）。
高电阻玻璃一般用于静电防护、触控屏幕制作用；普通玻璃一般用于TN类液晶显示器和电子抗干扰；低电阻玻璃一般用于STN液晶显示器和透明线路板。
Unit5 Our School LifeTopic1 I usually come to school by subwayU5 T1 Section A核心知识点：1.Kangkang meets Jane and Helen at the school gate.康康在学校大门口遇到简和海伦。
(1)meet sb.意为“遇见某人，与某人碰面”。
如：meet friends见朋友。
(2)at the school gate意为“在学校大门口”，注意介词为at。
一般来说，at后接小地点，in后接大地点（市级或以上的地点）。
如：at Wuzhen 在乌镇，in Shanghai 在上海2.-Happy New Year!新年快乐！-The same to you.你也一样（新年快乐）。
The same to you意为“也同样祝你……”用于公共节假日等别人向你祝福问候时的回答，相当于You,too.如：-Merry Christmas!圣诞快乐!-The same to you!你也一样（圣诞快乐）！【注意】-Happy birthday！生日快乐！-Thank you!3.-How do you usually come to school? 你通常是怎样来上学的？-I usually come to school by subway.我通常乘地铁来上学。
(1)此句中how用来询问交通方式。
如：-How do you usually go to the zoo?你通常是怎么去动物园的？-I usually go to the zoo by bus.我通常乘公共汽车去动物园。
-How does your brother get to school?你弟弟怎样到学校的？-He gets to school on foot.他步行到学校。
(2)by subway意为“乘地铁”。
“by+表示交通工具的单数名词”是一种常见的表示乘坐某种交通工具的介词短语。
2014春仁爱英语八年级下册单词表U5T1invite v.〔正式〕邀请disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的film n.电影，影片smell v.发气味，闻〔到〕，嗅〔到〕n.气味opera n.歌剧，歌剧剧本lonely adj.孤独的，寂寞的lively adj.充满趣味的，充满生气的almost adv.几乎，差不多mainly adv.主要的role n.角色facial adj.面部的painting n.油画，绘画gesture n.姿势，手势frightened adj.惊吓的，受惊的，害怕的worried adj.担忧的，担忧的interested adj.感兴趣的upset adj.心烦的，苦恼的U5T2exam n.考试strict adj.严格的，严密的shy adj.害羞的fail v.不及格，失败，未做someone prom.某人feeling n.感觉，感触，想法joke n.笑话，玩笑v.说笑话，开玩笑yeah adv.〔口语〕是，是的，好的usual adj.通常的，平常的either adv.也pro m.二者之一，要么.......accept v.承受lovely adj.得意的，美丽的helpful adj.有用的，有益的international adj.国际的useless adj.无用的，无效的deal v.处理，给予，发牌elder adj.年长的，年纪较大的sadness n.忧伤，悲哀anyone prom.任何人unfair adj.不公平的，不公正的though conj.虽然，可是U5T3test n.& v.测试，考察，试验nervous adj.焦虑的，惶恐的，神经质的speech n.演讲CD n.光盘，激光唱片〔全写为compact disc〕sick adj.生病的，有病的affect v.影响confident adj.自信的，有信心的mood n.心情，情绪proud adj.自豪的，骄傲的anyway adv.尽管，即使这样ready adj.准备好的passport n.护照boss n.老板，领班grandson n.子，外environment n.坏境especially adv.特别，尤其，专门fill v.充满，装满crowded adj.拥挤的trouble n，问题，困难，焦虑choose v.选择，挑选loud adj.大声的，响亮的adv.大声地noise n.声音，响声，噪音，吵闹声spirit n.情绪，心境，精神silent adj.不说话的，沉默的decision n.决定sense n.感觉，意识Review of Unit5fantastic adj.极好的，了不起的disappointment n.失望，沮丧，扫兴soft adj.轻柔的，柔软的fear n.& v. 害怕，惧怕difficulty n.困难，难题，困境U6T1 field n.田野,田地,场地proper adj.正确的,恰当的mount n.山,山峰vehicle n.交通工具,车辆airline n.航空公司price n.价格,价钱total adj.总的,全部的partner n,伙伴,同伴sleeper n.卧铺列车pay v.付费,付酬hotel n.宾馆,旅馆,饭店fridge=refrigerator n.冰箱standard adj.标准的 n.标准single adj.单一的,单个的condition n.条件,状况comfortable adj.舒服的,安逸的,舒服自在的raise v.筹集,使升高,饲养king n.国王,君主queen n.女王,王后common adj.普通的Canadian adj.加拿大的,加拿大人的n.加拿大人dollar n.(美国,加拿大等货币单位)元somebody prom.某人forward adv.向前,前进top n.顶部,(物体的)上面U6T2receive v.收到,得到postcard n.明信片vacation n.假期explore v.考察,探究,勘察comp v.野营,度假seaside n.海边,海滨north n.北,北方east n.东,ad j.的,向东的,东部的ad v.向东,朝东west n.西,下西方adj,西方的,向西的,西部的adv.向西,朝西monument n.纪念碑(馆,堂,像等)rostrum n.指挥台chairman n.主席,主持人announce v.宣布,宣告,通知found v,建立,兴建,创办republic n.国meaningful adj.重要的,重大的,意味深长的wait v.等,等待memorial adj.纪念的,悼念的northwest n.西方,西北方,西北地区northeast n.东北,东北方,东北地区southeast n.东南,东南方,东南地区bicycle n.自行车crowd n.人群tour n.旅游,旅行,观看,游览space n.空间,空地push v.& n. 推direction n.方向,方位step v.踩,走,跨步n.台阶,梯级,脚步beside prep.在......旁边sadly adv.悲伤的,伤心地experience n.经历,经历everywhere adv.处处,到处,各个地方U6T3passenger n.乘客crazy adj.疯狂的anywhere adv.任何地方pollution n.污染advantage n.优点,优势disagree v.不同意,有分歧rider n.骑(自行车或马,摩托车)的人,骑手careless adj.不小心的,不仔细的helmet n.头盔signal n.信号,暗号safety n.平安,平安truck n.卡车,载重汽车notice v.看(或听)到,注意到n.注意,理会reflector n.反光玻璃case n.情况,事例aid n.帮助,援助injury n.(对躯体的)伤害,损伤stream n.小河,溪empty adj.空的v.倒空,(河流)流入,注入Asia n.亚洲altitude n.海拔among prep.在.......中France n.法国mile n.英里stage n.阶段,舞台central adj,中心的,中央的winner n.优胜者,获胜的人cyclist n.骑自行车的人motorcycle n.摩托车broken ad j.破损的,伤残的,残缺的,出了毛病的Review of Units5-6explainv.解释,说明,说明pedestrian n.行人Europe n.欧洲French adj.法国的,法国人的,法语的n.法国人,法语town n.镇,市镇village n.乡村,村庄death n.死,死亡sharp adj.急转的,锋利的slow v.放慢速度,减缓adj,缓慢的opposite adj.相反的,对面的prep.与....相对,在.......对面rush v.冲,奔跑UnitTopic1We're preparing for a food festival。
初二英语作文素材【篇一：初二英语作文材料】written work(grade 8 u5-8)1. write a passage according to the picture and the givenwords.(grade 8sb u5t1,p8 part 2)one day, mr. wang arrived in beijing for a visit. he traveled to the hotel by taxi. he was very excited to be in beijing. but when he reached the hotel he found his id lost. he was very upset. he looked for it everywhere, but he couldn’t find it mr. wang was so worried. what should he do? just then, the taxi driver with an id card walked to him and asked if the id card was his. he was so surprised because he thought he would never find his card again. he was very and grateful.2. write a passage about your friends according to the table. (u5t2,sb p13 part2)qiqi and i are good friends. we both study at ren’ai international school. qiqi is as lovely as i, but i am not as brave as qiqi. and i am not as funny as qiqi, because he often tells jokes to his friends. i am as helpful as qiqi. we are both glad to help others in need. i write as carefully as qiqi. but she doesn’t sing loudly as i.3. what can affect your feeling? how do they affect you? choosesome thing and write a passage. (u5t3)many things around us can affect our feelings and moods. colors can affect our feeling a lot. when i feel sad, orange and yellow can make me confident and cheer me up. but when i want to calm down, i always look at blue things or put on blue clothes because blue makes me feel quiet and clam. the environment can change my feelings. i live in a big city. at night, it’s too noisy for me to sleep. i hope to live in the countryside one day. it’s clean and quiet i think i will be happier there.4. how to stay in good spirits? (u5t3)many things around us can affect our feelings and moods, such as colors, weather, news and the environment. so it’s important for us to be in a good mood. if we are in good spirits,we can study or work better. so we must learn to take good care of ourselves and stay in good spirits. we should eat healthy food and sleep well. we should also exercise and relax every day. if we feel sad, we can talk with our friends, parents and teachers. maybe we can get help from them. remember to get back to your daily activities. it will help you bring back a sense of happiness.5. write to your friend about your last trip. (u6t1)① dear darren,we had a wonderful time on mount tai last week. the weather there was nice. as soon as we arrived there, we began to climb mount tai. it took us almost the whole night to get to wanghai stone. we saw the suise and the sea of clouds on mount tai and then visited dai temple in the daytime. in the evening, we had a big dinner in a local restaurant. that was an exciting experience. i hope you can come to china. then we can visit some places of interest together.yours, michael ② dear tom,last week, i visited beijing. i was so excited that i couldn’t fall asleep last sunday night. i got up early and packed my backpack for the journey. in the backpack, i put a camera, some clothes, a cellphone and so on. it took me about 35 hours to get there by train. i visited many places of interest such as the great wall, the ming tombs, tian’ anmen square and the summer palace. i enjoyed myself very much because a lot about the history of this beautiful city. i hope you can also visit it soon.yours,michael【篇二：2015中考英语写作素材】2015中考英语写作素材:名言警句类01. practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧.02. time is money. 时间就是金钱 03. easier said than done. 说来容易做来难 04. where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成. 05. look before you leap. 三思而后行. 06. knowledge is power. 知识就是力量 07. god helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助. 08. nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 心之所愿，无事不成09. it’s never too o ld to learn. 活到老，学到老 10. no pains, no gains. 不劳无获 11. once in a blue moon. 千载难逢 12. to make the impossible possible. 将不可能变为可能 13. failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母 14. a friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情 15. first things first.先做重要之事【篇三：2016中考英语作文素材】you should put yourself in others` shoes.if you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts the other person.you can require yourself to be nice to others,but youshouldn`t expect the same from others.don`t be disappointed when you are not rewarded.never judge a situation unless you know all the information well.sometimes you can`t imagine your distance from the truth.it`s the same to people. never judge from appearance.some students like to participate actively in after class activities. they think after class activities are an integral part of school life. by going in for such activities, they can learn what they can’t learn from books, which will be beneficial to them in the future.1.no pains,no gains.everything is always based on hard work and good attitudes.if you try your best to do everything, you will be rewarded some day.2.you can require (要求）you rself to be nice to others ,but you shouldn`t expect the same from others . don`t be disappointed when you feel you are noe rewarded.3.---a world full of smiles is nice to live in, isn`t?if you smile at the world, the world will smile at you.4.being yourself is inportant.get all your courage as well sa your conndence. wslk on,andthen you can create a picture of yourwonderful life dear ...,how are you doing recently?i hope you are doing great. it is so kind of you to send me 。
七年级下册AB卷U5T1综合练习Ⅰ单项选择21. --Do you like playing_______soccer?--No, I don't like it at all.A. /B. aC. the22. Ann often goes to work_______bike, but sometimes she goes to work________car.A. on; inB. by; onC. by; by23. --Tom, how do you go to school?--My home is next to my school, so I go to school_______.A. by planeB. by carC. on foot24.--Happy New Year!-- _______.A. You're welcome.B. The same. to you.C. Thanks all the same.25. What do you usually do on Sundays?--I like to swim, so I usually_______with my friends.A.go shoppingB. go swimmingC. go fishing26. --Do you have lunch at school_______ weekdays? --No, I have it at home.A.inB. onC. for27. It's nine o'clock in the evening. It's time_______to bed.A. to goB. goingC. goes28. Mary_______speaks Chinese. She knows it just a little.A. oftenB. usuallyC. seldom29. --_______Lin Tao_______early every day? --Yes, he usually gets up at 6:00 a.m.A.Does; go to bedB. Does; get upC. Do; gets up30. Sometimes Lin Wei_______ a bike to the shop.A. takesB. drivesC.rides31. Li Wen likes reading a lot. She often goes to the _______in her free time.A. schoolB.officeC.library32.--____ do you help your sister with English? --Three times a week.A.How oftenB. How longC. How much33.--Your new skirt looks very nice ! --_______A.Not at all.B. Thank you.C. Good idea.34. Tom, you must_______the teacher carefully in class.A.look atB. listen toC. look after35. The pronunciation(发音) of the underlined letters of _______is different from the others.A. breadB. headC. greatⅠ完型填空Today is Saturday. The students of Class 4 don't have any36. _______.Their teachers are going to take them to the 37_______. So they have to go to school 38._______. They take the bus at the school gate at about 8:00 a.m. and 39._______ the park at a quarter to nine.How nice the park is! They can 40._______ a big lake( 湖), many trees and some hills in the park. Many people walk and play in 41._______ .Jack and John would like to 42._______ in the lake. Kate 43._______ a kite with Nancy and Kumiko. Ann and Sally like watching birds 44_______ the trees very much. The students have a good time in the park. They go home at 4:00 in the 45._______. They want to go there again next week.36. A. classes B. food C.time37. A. zoo B. factory C. park38. A. usually B. early C. seldom39. A. come from B. come to C. get to40.A. see B. meet C. catch41. A. this B. that C.it42. A. sing songs B. read books C. go boating43. A. makes B. flies C. gives44. A. in B. on C.at45. A. afternoon B. morning C. eveningⅠ 阅读理解CJoe Brown lives with his family in London. His father, M. Brown, is a doctor.He goes to work in his car every day. He is very busy.Joe and his sister Susan are students. They go to school by bus. They work hard at their lessons and they are the best students. Susan is good at singing. She wants to be a singer in the future, Joe likes ball games and basketball is his favorite. He plays it with his friends after school every day. Joe and his sister always have lunch at school because their school is far from their home.Joe's mother is a housewife (家庭主妇), but she is very busy. She gets up early in the morning to cook breakfast. Then she goes shopping She looks after the garden in the afternoon. Sometimes she visits her friends at weekends.56. How many people are there in Joe’s family?A.3B. 4C. 5D. 657. How does Mr. Brown go to work every day?A. On foot.B. By bus.C. By car.D. By bike.58. The underlined word“far” means_______in Chinese.A.远的B.近的C.长的D.短的59. Joe likes playing_______best of all the ball games.A. footballB. ping-pongC. volleyballD. basketball60. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Joe's mother is good at singing.B. Joe and Susan do well in their lessons.C. Joe and Susan have lunch at home every day.D. Joe's mother often goes shopping at weekends.ESally is a junior high school student. .66__________ She gets up at six in the morning, then she washes (洗) her face and brushes her teeth ( 刷牙) at ten past six. Then she runs in the park near her home for about half an hour. She has breakfast at home at seven. 67.__________ She has four classes in the morning. She has many different subjects to learn, such as English, math, science, history and so on.68__________ They always make her happy. She has lunch at school. In the afternoon, she has three classes. Her classes are over at half past four. 69_______ Usually, she plays ping-pong. At half past five , she goes home. She usually eats supper at a quarter past six.70__________ She doesn’t watch TV every evening.She only watches TV on Saturday evening. She usually goes to bed at nine.A.She goes to school by bike at twenty to eight.B. After supper, she does her homework.C. But her favorite subjects are P.E. and music.D. She goes to school from Monday to Friday.E. After school, she plays sports.Ⅳ情景交际71..別人祝你新年快乐,你可以这样回答:__________________________________________________72.你想知道你朋友的学校什么时间放学,可以这样问:__________________________________________________73.你想知道你的同学多长时间去一次公园，可以这样问:___________________________________________________74.你的朋友每天都很早起床，你可以用一句成语这样称赞他:___________________________________________________75.你和朋友愉快地谈话，谈话结束时，你可以这样说:___________________________________________________Ⅰ看图写话76.everyday______________________________________________________________77.once a week____________________________________________________________78.always,foot____________________________________________________________ually,Sundays__________________________________________________________80.often,after school_________________________________________________________Ⅵ短文填词The Whites live in Guangzhou, China now. In the morning, Mr. White 81__________(go) to work and his children go to school. Mr. White 82__________ them to school every day. Mrs. White is always at 83________ and does housework ( 家务) every day. She always has 84 _________ / [lʌntʃ]/ at home. In the afternoon, she likes to 85_________/mi:t/ her friends. They often take drinks. In the evening, the children come home from 86._______ early. 87__________Mr. White comes home from work very late (晚). At 8:00 p. m.,the children always do 88_________( they) homework, and then go to bed. Mr. White usually 89__________ books after dinner, but sometimes he walks out with Mrs. White. They 90 __________/ [ˈseldəm] / watch TV in the evening.Ⅰ.单项选择ACCBB BACBC CABBCⅠ.完型填空ACBCA CCBAAⅠ.阅读理解(C)BCADB(E)DACEBⅣ.情景交际71.The same to you.72.What time is your school over?73.How often do you go to the park?74.The early bird catches the worm.75.Nice to talk to you.Ⅰ看图写话76.Jane listens to music every day.77.Jack goes to the library once a week.78.I always go to school on foot.79.Liu Ming usually watches TV on Sundays.80.We often play basketball after school.Ⅰ 短文填词81 goes 82 takes 83 home 84 lunch 85 meet86 school 87 But 88 their 89 reads 90 seldom。
