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基金项目：北京市科技计划项目（Z161100000116056）作者简介：李斌，本科学历，主治医师。
作者单位：100142北京，空军特色医学中心烧伤和整形外科通讯作者：邹晓防，E-mail ：zoubai185@163．com 负压引流下重组人表皮生长因子结合银离子敷料治疗糖尿病足溃疡疗效李斌，谢飞，邹晓防，毕芳芳，吴世建，肖孟景【摘要】目的研究重组人表皮生长因子结合银离子敷料在负压封闭引流（vacuum sealing drainage ，VSD ）环境下对糖尿病足溃疡创面的治疗效果。
方法选取2型糖尿病足感染患者129例，随机分为3组，每组各43例，A 组单纯使用银离子敷料治疗，B 组在银离子敷料治疗基础上添加重组人表皮生长因子（rhEGF ）治疗，C 组在A 和B 组基础上增加VSD 负压引流，观察治疗28d 后三组患者创面治疗效果。
结果三组治疗总有效率分别为：A 组88．4%（38/43）、B 组93．0%（40/43）、C 组97．7%（42/43），差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05），治疗后疼痛效果评分（VAS ）：C 组（银离子敷料+rhEGF +VSD ）的疼痛分值明显低于B 组（银离子敷料+rhEGF ）和A 组（银离子敷料），差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）；从创面修复情况、换药次数和抗生素使用情况对比发现，C 组明显优于A 组和B 组。
结论重组人表皮生长因子（rhEGF ）结合银离子敷料在负压封闭引流下（VSD ）治疗糖尿病足，创面愈合时间短、肉芽生长速度快、疗效显著，值得临床推广应用。
【关键词】重组人表皮生长因子；银离子敷料；糖尿病足；负压封闭引流；溃疡【中国图书分类号】R587．1Recombinant human epidermal growth factor combined with silver ions dressing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer under VSDLI Bin ，XIE Fei ，ZOU Xiaofang ，BI Fangfang ，WU Shijian ，and XIAO Mengjing．Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery ，Air Force General Hospital ，PLA．Beijing 100142，China【Abstract 】ObjectiveTo study the therapeutic effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor combined with silver iondressings under vacuum sealing drainage （vacuum sealing drainage ，the VSD ）against diabetic foot ulcer wound．MethodsA total of129patients with diabetic foot infection treated between September 2016and February 2019were selected and randomly divided into three groups ，with 43cases in each．Patients in group A were treated with silver ion dressings alone ，group B was additionally given re-combinant human epidermal growth factor （rhEGF ），while group C received vacuum sealing drainage plus the two treatments mentioned above．Wound healing was compared between the three groups after 28days of treatment．ResultsThe effective rate was respectively88．4%（38/43）in group A ，93%（40/43）in group B ，and 97．7%（42/43）in group C ，so the difference was statistically signifi-cant （P ＜0．05）．The VAS of group C was significantly lower than that of group B and group A ，with statistically significant difference （P ＜0．05）．In terms of wound repair ，times the dressing was changed and usage of antibiotics ，group C was superior to group A and group B．ConclusionsThe combination of recombinant human epidermal growth factor （rhEGF ）with silver ions dressing under vacu-um sealing drainage （VSD ），when used in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer ，can effectively promote healing and granulation ，so it is worthy of clinical application．【Key words 】human recombinant epidermal growth factor ；silver ion dressing ；diabetic foot ；vacuum seal drainage ；ulcer糖尿病足（diabetic food ，DF ）是糖尿病患者由于下肢血管及周围神经组织病变或功能异常引起的足部病变，通常表现为足部皮肤溃疡、化脓、足部骨组织破坏、深部组织坏死等，严重时因坏疽而截肢，这不仅影响生活质量，更造成身心伤害［1，2］。
系统医学 2023 年 12 月第 8 卷第 24期分析三联、四联药物方案治疗胃溃疡的临床效果王昌盛1，陈兰2，廖小红21.广东药科大学附属第一医院药学部，广东广州510062；2.广东三九脑科医院药剂科，广东广州510510[摘要]目的探讨胃溃疡患者选择四联药物治疗后的临床效果。
方法选取2022年1月—2023年8月广东药科大学附属第一医院收治的76例胃溃疡患者为研究对象，依据投掷硬币法分组，参照组（38例）选择三联药物治疗，研究组（38例）选择四联药物治疗，比较两组治疗总有效率、胃灼痛评分、胃溃疡面积、上腹疼痛评分、临床症状改善时间。
结果研究组治疗总有效率为97.37%，明显高于参照组，差异有统计学意义（χ2= 6.176，P<0.05）。
治疗后，研究组胃灼痛评分、胃溃疡面积、上腹疼痛评分、临床症状改善时间均低于参照组，差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。
结论同三联药物比较，胃溃疡患者接受四联药物治疗，可显著提升临床效果，有效改善疾病症状，可促进胃溃疡患者的良好预后。
[关键词]胃溃疡；三联药物；四联药物；疗效[中图分类号]R573 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]2096-1782（2023）12(b)-0175-03 Clinical Effect of Triple and Quadruple Drug Regimens in the Treatment of Gastric UlcerWANG Changsheng1, CHEN Lan2, LIAO Xiaohong21.Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guang⁃dong Province, 510062 China;2.Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510510 China[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of quadruple drug therapy in patients with gastric ulcer. Methods Seventy-six patients with gastric ulcer admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceuti⁃cal University from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected as the research object and divided into groups ac⁃cording to coin tossing method. The reference group (38 cases) received triple drug therapy, and the study group (38 cases) received quadruple drug therapy. The total effective rate, the score of heartburn pain, the area of gastric ulcer, the score of upper abdominal pain and the improvement time of clinical symptoms were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the study group was 97.37%, which was significantly higher than that of the reference group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.176, P<0.05). After treatment, the score of heartburn pain, the area of gastric ulcer, the score of upper abdominal pain and the improvement time of clinical symptoms in the study group were lower than those in the reference group, and the differences were statistically sig⁃nificant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with triple drug, quadruple drug treatment for gastric ulcer patients can significantly improve the clinical effect, effectively improve the disease symptoms, and promote the good prognosis of patients with gastric ulcer.[Key words] Gastric ulcer; Triple drug; Quadruple drugs; Curative effect对于胃溃疡疾病而言，其属于一种胃肠道高发病[1-2]。
- 97 -①漳州市医院 福建 漳州 363000基于NRS评分的分级疼痛管理应用于蛛网膜下腔出血术后患者的效果陈丽娜①【摘要】 目的：探究基于数字评分法（numeric rating scales，NRS）评分的分级疼痛管理应用于蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage，SAH）术后患者的效果。
方法：将2021年1月—2022年1月于漳州市医院行介入栓塞治疗术的83例SAH 患者作为研究对象，通过随机数表法将患者分为对照组（n =41）和观察组（n =42）。
对照组予以SAH 术后常规疼痛管理，观察组予以基于NRS 评分的分级疼痛管理。
比较两组不同时间疼痛评分、自我效能评分、并发症发生情况及满意度。
结果：两组干预前、干预后10 d 的NRS 评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）；两组干预后1 d、3 d、5 d、10 d 的NRS 评分均降低，观察组干预后1 d、3 d、5 d 的NRS 评分低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。
两组干预前自我效能感量表（general self-efficacy scale，GSES）评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）；两组干预后1 d、3 d、5 d、10 d 的GSES 评分均升高，且观察组高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。
观察组环境设施、服务质量、治疗护理、医患沟通及总体满意度评分明显高于对照组，并发症发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。
结论：基于NRS 评分的分级疼痛管理可明显降低SAH 术后患者疼痛程度，提升自我效能和满意度，并降低并发症发生率。
【关键词】 数字评分法 分级疼痛管理 蛛网膜下腔出血 介入栓塞治疗术 doi：10.14033/ki.cfmr.2023.32.025 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805（2023）32-0097-05 Effect of Graded Pain Management Based on NRS Score in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage after Surgery/CHEN Lina. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2023, 21(32): 97-101 [Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of graded pain management based on numeric rating scales (NRS) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after surgery. Method: A total of 83 patients with SAH who underwent interventional embolization in Zhangzhou Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were enrolled in the study, the patients were divided into the control group (n =41) and the observation group (n =42) according to the random number table method. The control group was given routine pain management after SAH, and the observation group was given graded pain management based on NRS score. The pain score and self-efficacy score at different times, complications and satisfaction were compared between two groups. Result: There were no significant differences in NRS scores between two groups before and 10 d after intervention (P >0.05); the NRS scores of both groups decreased at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 10 d after intervention, the NRS scores in the two group at 1 d, 3 d and 5 d after intervention were significantly lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the score of general self-efficacy scale (GSES) between two groups before intervention (P >0.05); the GSES scores in the observation group at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 10 d after intervention were significantly increased, and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The scores of environmental facilities, service quality, treatment and nursing, doctor-patient communication and overall satisfaction in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the incidence of complications was lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Graded pain management based on NRS score can significantly reduce the degree of pain in patients after SAH, improve self-efficacy and satisfaction, and reduce the incidence of complications. [Key words] Numeric rating scales Graded pain management Subarachnoid hemorrhage Interventional embolization First-author's address: Zhangzhou Hospital, Zhangzhou 363000, China 蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage，SAH）属于脑卒中病症中的一种，主要病因病机为颅内动脉瘤、脑动静脉畸形、血管炎、外伤等原因导致脑表面及脑底部的血管发生破裂，血液进入蛛网膜下腔而引发相应临床症状，其中颅内动脉瘤是造成SAH 的主要原因，占所有SAH 病例的85%[1]。
江苏省扬州市新华中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题一、阅读理解Have you considered contributing your skills and expertise virtually towards achieving sustainable human development efforts? Through the Online V olunteering service of the United NationsV olunteers (UNV) programme, you can connect with UN agencies, governments, public institutions and civil society organizations — from any device, anywhere in the world. While extending your network, you can also get first-hand practical experience.Requirements:·To sign up on the Unified V olunteering Platform and apply for Online Volunteer assignments, you must be at least 18 years of age.·There is no particular background required to become an Online V olunteer. Each OnlineV olunteer assignment is different and has its own requirements, set by the host organization.· As an Online Volunteer, you can only support organizations remotely in assignments up to 20 hours per week for a maximum of 12 weeks for each assignment.Criteria and service rules:· Online Volunteers are not under contract with the UNV programme or the engaging organization.· Online Volunteers do not receive any kind of financial benefits.·For each Online V olunteering assignment, a maximum of 25 Online V olunteers can be engaged. Procedures:· Volunteers find assignments of their interest and apply.· Organizations select the volunteers they want to engage.· Volunteers and organizations work together online.· Volunteers and organizations provide feedback on their cooperation.· Organizations issue an electronic certificate of appreciation to their volunteers.1．Through the UNV programme, one can ______.A．travel around the world B．improve their network skillsC．set up civil society organizations D．work on sustainable development 2．Which is a requirement for the applicants?A．Being no less than 18 years.B．Finishing 25 online assignments.C．Working at least 20 hours a week.D．Having some practical experience.3．When working in the UNV programme, volunteers will ______.A．sign a contract with an organizationB．find tasks of their interest and applyC．get a paper certificate of appreciationD．receive some kind of financial benefitsI was a shy girl. I didn’t even like to answer the telephone for fear that I had to talk to somebody I didn’t know. I enjoyed the world of shyness. However, at school I had to spend all day in the company of others. My escape was reading. I spent a lot of time studying and was rewarding with good grades. My only failure was Spanish-I’d get all As on my written work and tests, but Ds and Fs on the spoken part.Eventually I went to college. During my third year of college, I had enough of being shy and decided to change my outlook and behaviour. One day while at school, I noticed an advertisement for positions on the local classical music radio station. I had grown up listening to classical music, and I could easily pronounce names such as Tchaikovsk and Chopin.I had absolutely no background in radio, and absolutely no hope of getting the job. The idea of talking to thousands of listeners in “radio land” frightened me. However, I luckily survived the interview. I was given brief descriptions of symphonic(交响乐)and a public service announcement to read, and a list of composers’ names to pronounce. It wasn’t hard for me. I left the recording sessions(录音片段)with a sense of relief and a sense of accomplishment. About two weeks later I actually landed the job. It was a challenging job, but I grew to enjoy it greatly. I began to feel comfortable talking to people.Although I now spend many hours each week talking with people, I’m still basically a quiet person. Perhaps it is my soft voice and my quiet nature that helps draw people out as they respond to my questions as I interviewed them. My former shyness is a fortune, as I can relate to people who feel uncomfortable when they talk to newspaper reporters. I still enjoy moments of lonelinessand the peace found in nature. But I’m also glad I decided to make a change in my life that has opened many door and opportunities that I never dreamt of.4．What do we learn about the author?A．She liked reading B．She was good at Spanish.C．She wasn’t interested in music.D．She didn’t work hard enough5．How did the author feel before the interview?A．Very excited.B．Pretty confident.C．Highly confused.D．Extremely anxious.6．What does the author later think of her quiet personality?A．It makes others feel less comfortable.B．It is helpful for her challenging job.C．It prevents her being a newspaper reporter.D．It draws a negative response from audiences.7．The text mainly focuses on the author’s______.A．desire to find her true selfB．feeling about being a radio hostessC．story of exploring the meaning of lifeD．expericnce and feeling of overcoming shynessForget about “military-style travel” during which people tend to visit as many places as possible in the least amount of time. A more relaxed and leisurely alternative, such as “Citywalk”, is becoming the norm among urban youngsters.Unlike military-style travel, Citywalk is about wandering around a city on foot, feeling the atmosphere and finding unusual things that even a resident of the city might not have noticed before. It can be a special event where people start a journey led by tour guides or simply explore the streets.Such walks generally avoid famous scenic spots and shopping centers, and take you to places where you can have real interactions with the local people, eat at small but authentic restaurants, and gain a deeper understanding of the history and culture of the city.Citywalkers have shared their carefully planned routes on social media platforms. Theirposts usually include how long the walk is going to take, and interesting places and restaurants along the way. Some posts are more like a food tour.Nan Xi, who recently moved from Beijing to Shanghai, said “I think Shanghai is a city perfect for Citywalk. There are big trees along the streets and shops selling different products, which is ideal for couples and friends to walk together and take photos.” After several Citywalk experiences, she signed up for a two-and-a-half-hour Citywalk priced at 88 yuan per person. A tour guide narrated the history of the buildings and streets along the way. “If it were me walking alone, I would simply find the streets artistic, but the tour that day helped me gain a better understanding of how Western culture blends in with the local culture in Shanghai,” she said. Another surprising benefit of the walk was that she has made friends with two of her fellow walkers.Lin Yi, a manager for an online platform for self-guided tours, said Citywalk can help travelers learn about local culture and live as local people do, feeling the vibes of a city. People who participate in Citywalks usually have similar tastes, and can have in-depth discussions with each other, he said.8．What is the main difference between military-style travel and Citywalk?A．The transport.B．The cost.C．The purpose.D．The destination.9．What can we conclude about Citywalk in Shanghai according to Nan Xi?A．It is a perfect place to run shops.B．There are great things to do at weekends.C．Ideal couples and friends often gather there.D．It provides great experiences in many ways.10．What can be inferred from Nan Xi’s two-and-a-half-hour Citywalk?A．She thought it well worth a try.B．She went on the tour without company.C．She wouldn’t have found the artistic streets by herself.D．She knew how Western culture differed from the local culture in Shanghai.11．What is the main idea of the article?A．Citywalk is a new trend in urban tourism.B．Citywalk can help travelers make new friends.C．Military-style travel is becoming more popular.D．Travelers choose Citywalk over military style to follow suit.Exercise lowers the risk of many diseases, but scientists still don’t fully understand how exercise changes the body on a molecular (分子的) level. Most studies have focused on a single organ, sex, or time point, and only include one or two data types.To take a more comprehensive look at the biology of exercise, scientists with the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) used a range of techniques in the lab to analyze molecular changes in rats as they were put through the paces of weeks of intense exercise.The team studied a range of tissues from the animals, such as the heart, brain, and lungs. They found that each of the organs they looked at changed with exercise, helping the body to regulate the immune system (免疫系统), respond to stress, and control pathways connected to inflammatory (发炎的) liver disease, heart disease, and tissue injury.The data provide potential clues into many different human health conditions; for example, the researchers found a possible explanation for why the liver becomes less fatty during exercise, which could help in the development of new treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.The team hopes that their findings could one day be used to tailor exercise to an individual’s health status or to develop treatments that mimic the effects of physical activity for people who are unable to exercise. They have already started studies on people to track the molecular effects of exercise.“It took a village of scientists with distinct scientific backgrounds to generate and integrate the massive amount of high-quality data,” said a co-senior author of the study. “This is the first whole-organism map looking at the effects of training in multiple different organs. The resource produced will be enormously valuable, and has already produced many potentially novel biological insights for further exploration.”12．What is the primary focus of the studies conducted by MoTrPAC?A．The overall molecular changes due to exercise.B．The impact of exercise on immune system only.C．The effects of exercise limited to heart and lungs.D．The molecular effects of exercise on a single organ.13．What potential application does the research have?A．It makes for developing new sports equipment.B．It can be used to predict the effects of exercise.C．It explains how exercise increases stress levels.D．It can help understand various health conditions.14．What is the researchers’ current work?A．Tailoring exercise programs based on the molecular data.B．Developing treatment s that mimic the effects of exercise.C．Studying the molecular effects of exercise in human subjects.D．Expanding the study to a broader range of health conditions.15．What can we infer about the research from the last paragraph?A．It’s commercial.B．It’s a team’s effort.C．It’s insignificant.D．It’s an interesting debate.There are lots of good points of speaking more than one language. To start with, you need to set some common misunderstandings aside about language learning. 16 .·Language learning is difficult.Learning a language takes time, but is not difficult. You mostly need to listen and read. Believe me; it is very simple. 17 . Soon you will feel the happiness of understanding another language just like me.·You have to have a gift for learning languages.18 Anyone who wants to, can learn. In Sweden and Holland most people know more than one language. Foreign athletes who go around the world usually learn new languages faster than learners in the classroom.. 19 .When you are learning the language, it is more important to listen. If you meet a native speaker, you will naturally spend most of your time listening before you already know the language.·You would love to learn but you don't have the time.How about the time you spend waiting in line, doing things around the house, or going for a walk? 20 ? Once you get started, even 10 or 15 minutes a day will soon grow to 30 minutes a day, or one hour. If you enjoy doing it, you will find the time.A．No, you don't have toB．I have done it many timesC．You need to speak in order to learnD．Do you have to live where the language is spokenE．Why not listen to a language on your mobile phoneF．Only children can learn to speak another language wellG．Avoiding these wrong opinions below can bring success二、完形填空This past summer was really special for Jaequan Faulkner, a 13-year-old boy living in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He set up a hot dog 21 outside his home to make some extra money. The boy took care to make sure that all food was fresh and clean. People in the neighborhood 22 the boy’s spirit, but there was only one 23 : he didn’t have a permit.When the Department of Health received a complaint, instead of shutting down Jaequan’s stand, they did something 24 . They helped the teenager get a permit so that his business could 25 .Daniel Huff, director of the department, said they were 26 to help a young man with such a sense of 27 . The health inspectors helped to pay for his first permit. Then, Huff took another step and helped 28 Jaequan with the Economic Opportunity Network, which gave the young businessman tips on 29 a small business.“I was kind of 30 and so grateful,” Jaequan said about all the 31 .“Because usually I would have one person at a time doing me a 32 , but there proved to be so many kind people at once.”The food stand now operates with a 33 and is open four hours daily from 11 am to 3 pm. Jaequan handles 90 percent of the business, and he is also planning to 34 toorganizations that help teenagers in need. With such an experience, the boy surely is going to have a 35 future.21．A．store B．stand C．factory D．tent 22．A．declared B．appreciated C．suspected D．trusted 23．A．advantage B．strategy C．problem D．request 24．A．official B．efficient C．commercial D．special 25．A．survive B．remove C．respond D．profit 26．A．willing B．curious C．hesitant D．scared 27．A．direction B．duty C．business D．humour 28．A．comment B．connect C．cut D．charge 29．A．delivering B．stopping C．starting D．running 30．A．disappointed B．surprised C．frightened D．addicted 31．A．credit B．trouble C．inspiration D．support 32．A．favour B．promise C．performance D．form 33．A．feature B．document C．container D．permit 34．A．apply B．donate C．devote D．refer 35．A．various B．unfortunate C．bright D．sharp三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
生物学英语复试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of living organisms?A. ReproductionB. GrowthC. Response to stimuliD. Inanimate objects2. What is the basic unit of life?A. CellB. OrganC. TissueD. Organ system3. What is the process by which organisms convert sunlight into chemical energy?A. RespirationB. PhotosynthesisC. FermentationD. Cellular respiration4. Which of the following is not a type of symbiotic relationship?A. MutualismB. CommensalismC. ParasitismD. Competition5. What is the term for the study of the structure of organisms?A. AnatomyB. PhysiologyC. EcologyD. Taxonomy6. What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?A. Protein synthesisB. DNA replicationC. Energy productionD. Cell wall synthesis7. What is the term for the process by which new speciesevolve from existing ones?A. AdaptationB. Natural selectionC. SpeciationD. Genetic drift8. Which of the following is not a type of genetic mutation?A. DeletionB. InsertionC. DuplicationD. Mitosis9. What is the term for the study of the diversity of life on Earth?A. BiodiversityB. BiotechnologyC. BioinformaticsD. Biogeography10. What is the process by which organisms obtain nutrients from their environment?A. IngestionB. AssimilationC. DigestionD. Absorption二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The scientific method involves making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and then drawing ________.2. The genetic material in cells is composed of molecules called ________.3. The process by which organisms produce offspring that are similar to themselves is known as ________.4. In an ecosystem, the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next is called ________.5. The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is known as ________.6. The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element is called a(n) ________.7. The process by which plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil is called ________.8. The study of the classification of organisms based ontheir evolutionary relationships is known as ________.9. The process by which organisms break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones is called ________.10. The study of the nervous system, including the brain,spinal cord, and nerves, is known as ________.三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.2. Describe the role of DNA in the inheritance of traits.3. Discuss the importance of biodiversity for ecosystems.4. Explain how natural selection contributes to the evolution of species.四、论述题（20分）Discuss the impact of genetic engineering on modern agriculture and its potential ethical concerns.答案：一、选择题1. D2. A3. B4. D5. A6. C7. C8. D9. A10. A二、填空题1. Conclusions2. DNA3. Reproduction4. Energy flow5. Ecology6. Atom7. Absorption8. Phylogenetics9. Catabolism10. Neuroscience三、简答题1. Asexual reproduction involves a single organism producing offspring that are genetically identical to itself, while sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two organisms to produce offspring with a mix of traits from both parents.2. DNA carries the genetic information that determines the traits of an organism. It is passed down from parents to offspring during reproduction, allowing for the inheritance of specific characteristics.3. Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystems as it contributes to their stability, resilience, and ability to adapt to changes. It also supports a wide range of ecosystem services that are essential for human well-being.4. Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to their offspring. Over time, this leads to the evolution of species as traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common.四、论述题Genetic engineering has revolutionized modern agriculture byenabling the development of crops with desirable traits such as disease resistance, pest resistance, and higher yields. However, it also raises ethical concerns regarding the potential impact on biodiversity, the possibility of creating "superweeds" or "superbugs," and the long-term health effects of genetically modified organisms on humans and the environment. It。
Journal of Chengdu Sport University Vol.47No.2.2021成都体育学院学报2021年（第47卷）第2期DOI：10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.02.00l 运动抗癌的过去、现衽与未来朱为模摘要：近几十年的国内外研究，证明了运动在预防和治疗人类癌症中的积极作用。
运动在国外已经作为“协同药”进入癌症治疗的临床第一线，运动肿瘤学作为一门新兴学科也因此诞生和成长。
文章回顾了国内外运动抗癌发展史，分析了其发展现状，并对未来的研究主攻方向和实践中亟需解决的问题进行了展望与阐述。
关键词：运动是良药；运动处方；循证医学中图分类号:G804.3文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-9154（2021）02-0001-08癌症是因为异常细胞侵入其他组织，扩散至身体的其他部位并失控生长的疾病。
由于现代人不健康的生活方式（如抽烟、不运动、吃垃圾食品、压力大、肥胖等）和人口的老龄化，癌症在很多国家已经一跃成为人类的主要杀手之一。
过去得了癌症，临床医生通常是建议患者休息并避免体育锻炼或运动。
但从20世纪80年代起大量运动与癌症的研究让人们开始重新认识运动在癌症预防和治疗中的积极作用。
有关研究的数量也呈指数级增长，据统计,在过去10年中，已有数千项运动与癌症治疗的随机对照试验，多个大型流行病学和临床研究得以完成,所有这些都扩展了我们对这个领域的认知。
现在我们已经有足够科学证据来证明患有癌症的人能从运动中受益，一门新兴的癌症治疗学科即运动肿瘤学（Exercise Oncology）也应运而生。
随着研究的进一步深入，在不久的将来就可以像用药一样，精确地用运动来参与癌症的治疗和干预。
本文旨在通过对运动抗癌发展历史回顾，对未来发展的展望，以及对运动肿瘤学做的系统介绍，以期待更多的学者参与这个新学科的研究和实践，为人类战胜这个凶险的疾病共同奋斗。
1运动抗癌的过去1.1概念的提出：癌症病人创造了历史其实国外用运动来抗癌的历史并不很长。
动物研究在医学进步中的重要作用英语作文The Important Role of Animal Research in Medical AdvancementsIntroductionAnimal research has played a crucial role in advancing medicine and improving human health over the years. Through the use of animals in scientific studies, researchers have been able to develop new treatments, vaccines, and surgical techniques that have saved countless lives. While the use of animals in research remains a controversial topic, it is important to recognize the significant contributions that animal research has made to medical progress.History of Animal Research in MedicineAnimal research has been a key component of medical advancements for centuries. In ancient times, animals were used in medical experiments to study anatomy and physiology. In the 19th and 20th centuries, animal research became more systematic and scientific, leading to breakthroughs in areas such as infectious diseases, surgery, and pharmacology.One of the most significant milestones in animal research was the development of the first successful vaccine by EdwardJenner in 1796. Jenner used cows to study the transmission of cowpox to humans, leading to the discovery of the smallpox vaccine. This breakthrough paved the way for the development of vaccines for other diseases, such as polio, measles, and influenza.Animal research has also been instrumental in the development of surgical techniques and medical treatments. For example, the use of animals in research has helped researchers understand how the cardiovascular system works, leading to the development of treatments for heart disease and stroke. Animal research has also been used to study the effects of medications on the body, leading to the development of new drugs for a wide range of conditions, including cancer, diabetes, and mental health disorders.Ethical ConsiderationsWhile the use of animals in research has led to many important discoveries, it has also raised ethical concerns. Many people argue that animals have the right to live free from harm and suffering, and that using animals in research is cruel and unnecessary. In response to these concerns, researchers have developed strict ethical guidelines for the use of animals inresearch, including regulations on the treatment of animals and the use of humane methods.Advancements in Alternatives to Animal ResearchIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing alternatives to animal research. These alternatives include computer modeling, cell cultures, and human volunteers. While these alternatives have potential benefits, such as reducing the number of animals used in research and providing more relevant results for human health, they also have limitations. For example, computer modeling and cell cultures may not accurately replicate the complexities of the human body, and human volunteers may not always be willing to participate in research studies.Future Directions in Animal ResearchDespite the ethical concerns surrounding the use of animals in research, it is likely that animal research will continue to play a critical role in medical advancements in the future. Researchers are constantly striving to improve the welfare of animals used in research, through the development of more humane methods and the use of alternative technologies. By balancing the benefits of animal research with the need to respect the welfareof animals, researchers can continue to make important discoveries that improve human health and save lives.ConclusionAnimal research has been a cornerstone of medical advancements for centuries, leading to breakthroughs in vaccines, surgical techniques, and treatments for a wide range of diseases. While the use of animals in research remains controversial, it is important to recognize the significant contributions that animal research has made to improving human health. By continuing to develop ethical guidelines and alternatives to animal research, researchers can ensure that animal research continues to play a critical role in advancing medicine and saving lives.。
F.L. Gaol et al. (Eds.): Proc. of the 2011 2nd International Congress on CACS, AISC 144, pp. 483–490. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012Numerical Investigation of Nanofluids Laminar Convective Heat Transfer through Staggered and In-Lined Tube BanksJun-Bo Huang * and Jiin-Yuh JangAbstract. Laminar forced convection of a water-based suspension of Al 2O 3 nanoparticles through in-line and staggered tube banks with constant wall temperature boundary condition have been investigated numerically. A two phase mixture model is employed to simulate the nanofluid convection, taking into account appropriate thermophysical properties. Nanoparticles are assumed spherical with a diameter equal to 50 nm. The effects of Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume concentration on the flow and heat transfer behavior are studied. Results show that convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop for nanofluids is greater than that of the base fluid. It is found that the heat transfer enhancement increases with increase in Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume concentration. In general, the heat transfer in a staggered array of tubes is found to be higher than that in an in-lined array of tubes.Keywords: Nanofluids, In-line tube bank, Staggered tube bank.1 IntroductionThe phenomenon of crossflow in a tube bank occurs in a wide variety of heat exchanger applications. A better understanding of the details of flow and heat transfer in tube banks is important for the improvement of heat exchanger designs. Numerical modeling of heat transfer of nanofluids can be performed using single phase (homogeneous) or two phase approaches. The single phase approach is simpler and requires less computational time, which assumes that the fluid phase and nanoparticles are in thermal equilibrium with zero relative velocity. In two phase model, nanoparticles and base fluid are considered as two different liquid and solid phases with different momentums respectively. Since the two phase approach considers the movement between the solid and liquid phase, it has better predictionJun-Bo Huang ⋅ Jiin-Yuh JangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan e-mail: ******************.edu.tw*Corresponding author.484 J.-B. Huang and J.-Y. Jangin nanofluid study. The mixture model was successfully applied to model nanofluids convection.[1-5] Behazadmehr [3]simulated nanofluid turbulent convection in a circular tube. They showed the higher accuracy of mixture model with respect to the single phase model and the agreement with experimental correlation proposed by Xuan and Li [6].Two types of tube array are solved numerically: in-line tube arrays and staggered tube arrays. Considerable work has been done for an in-line arrangement and for a staggered arrangement[11-17].In this paper, a two phase mixture model was applied to study the laminar convection of water-Al 2O 3 nanofluid flow through an in-line and a staggered tube bank with constant wall temperature boundary condition. There are only a limited number of published works related to the heat transfer enhancement from a tube bank using nanofluids. The importance of this research is it shows that water-Al 2O 3 nanofluid can increase the heat transfer rate from tube banks.2 Physical Model and Numerical ProceduresThe physical model of flow around an in-lined tube bank and a staggered tube bank is shown in Fig.1. The inlet flow has a uniform velocity V in . The tube diameter is 20mm. The solution domain is bounded by the inlet, the outlet, and by dotted lines KL and MN, which can be referred to as the bottom and top boundaries, respectively. The coordinate system is illustrated in the figure. The full domain included five and ten longitudinal rows of tubes for an in-lined and a staggered tube bank, respectively. The flow is assumed to be laminar, steady, 2D and exhibiting no viscous dissipation. T tube S S SOLUTION θT tube θSOLUTION (a) In-lined arrangement (b) Staggered arrangement Fig. 1 Physical model and computational domain of a tube bank2.1 Mixture ModelThe mixture model is employed in the simulation by assuming the coupling between phases is strong, and particles closely follow the flow. Instead of using theNumerical Investigation of Nanofluids Laminar Convective Heat Transfer 485governing equations of each phase separately, the continuity, momentum and fluid energy equations for the mixture are employed.2.2 Boundary ConditionsAt the inlet area, profiles of uniform inlet velocity,in V , and temperature,300=in T K , are assumed. The set of coupled non-linear differential governing equations has been solved subjected to following boundary conditions:Table 1 Summary of boundary conditions3 Results and Discussions3.1 Parameters of InterestThe average heat transfer results are presented using an average Nusselt number, based on the total rate of heat transfer and a log-mean temperature difference. This parameter is defined byLM s LM hD q D Nu k A T k==Δ (1) Where q is the rate of heat transfer to the fluid and A s is the total surface area of tubes exposed to the fluid in the solution domain. The log-mean temperature difference is defined by()()()()ln /−−−Δ=−−⎡⎤⎣⎦w in w out LM w inw out T T T T T T T T T (2)486 J.-B. Huang and J.-Y. JangThe total rate of heat transfer to the fluid was calculated as the total change in the fluid enthalpy between the inlet and the outlet.The overall pressure drop for the tube bank is presented using an average friction,c f , defined as()2max 2ρ−=in out c L P P f V N (3)where N L , the number of tube rows. 3.2 Streamlines, Pressure and Temperature ContoursFigs. 2 and 3 illustrate the numerical result for the streamline, pressure and isotherm distributions with two different nanoparticle volume concentration. For the in-lined array, the flow separates at the rear portion of a tube and reattaches at the front portion of the following tube to form a larger stationary recirculation region between the two adjacent tubes, resulting in a dead flow zone. For the staggered array, the streamline patterns have a similar character because of the repeated blockage of the staggered tube bank, there is a smaller recirculation zone behind each tube. The streamlines indicate almost fully developed flow pattern behind the third row up to the front of the last row. Pressure contours display the drop of pressure along the flow direction. It is found that the magnitude of the overall pressure drop increased slightly with increased nanoparticle volume concentration.(a) Pure water (b) 5% nanofluid Fig. 2 The streamline, pressure and isotherm distributions for in-lined arrangements at Re=100Numerical Investigation of Nanofluids Laminar Convective Heat Transfer 487(a) Pure water (b) 5% nanofluid Fig. 3 The streamline, pressure and isotherm distributions for staggered arrangements at Re=100 The temperature distribution of a heat transfer configuration can provide detailed information about a temperature field such that one can determine the existence of hot spots or other phenomena related to the temperature. Closely spaced isotherms on the front of the first tube indicate the higher heat transfer rate there. According to these figures, it can be seen that there is a non-uniform temperature distribution in front of the tube. The density of the temperature decreases along the flow direction.3.3 Average Heat Transfer and Pressure DropThe average heat transfer coefficient for the tube bank is presented in terms of Nu LM in Fig. 4. In the figure, the empirical correlations of Zukauskas [11-12] are plotted. For an in-line arrangement:()0.50.36max 0.9790.71Re Pr=⋅⋅LM Nu (4) For a staggered arrangement:0.50.36max 0.52Re Pr=⋅⋅LM Nu (5) The relationships between average Nusselt number and Reynolds number for an in-lined and a staggered tube bank are shown in Fig. 4. It can be seen that the average Nusselt number for nanofluids is higher than that for water, and the presented work are in agreement with available correlations. As shown in Fig. 5, it is observed that the presence of nanofluids around tube banks also increase the overall pressure drop.488 J.-B. Huang and J.-Y. JangRe N u L M 020040060080010005101520253035404550pure water 1%nanofluid 3%nanofluid 5%nanofluid Eq.(4)In-lined arrayRe N u L M 020040060080010005101520253035404550pure water 1%nanofluid 3%nanofluid 5%nanofluid Eq.(5)Staggered arrayFig. 4 Average Nusselt number for an in-lined and a staggered tube bank Re f c 0200400600800100005101520pure water 1%nanofluid 3%nanofluid 5%nanofluid Staggered array Re f c 02004006008001000012345678pure water 1%nanofluid 3%nanofluid 5%nanofluid In-lined arrayFig. 5 Average friction factor results for an in-lined and a staggered tube bank4 ConclusionsLaminar forced convection of a water-based suspension of Al 2O 3 nanoparticles through in-line and staggered tube banks with constant wall temperature boundary condition have been investigated numerically. The numerical results demonstrate that the heat transfer coefficient of staggered array is higher than that of in-lined array, while the pressure drop of staggered configuration is higher than that of in-lined configuration. Results show that the addition of nanoparticles produce a significantly increase of the heat transfer with respect to that of the base fluid. HeatNumerical Investigation of Nanofluids Laminar Convective Heat Transfer 489 transfer enhancement is increasing with the nanoparticle volume concentration. However, it is accompanied by increasing pressure drop values.References[1]Lotfi, R., Saboohi, Y., Rashidi, A.M.: Numerical study of forced convective heattransfer of Nanofluids: comparison of different approaches. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Trans. 37, 74–78 (2010)[2]Bianco, V., Manca, O., Nardini, S.: Numerical investigation on nanofluids turbulentconvection heat transfer inside a circular tube. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 29(17-18), 3632–3642 (2009)[3]Akbarinia, A., Laur, R.: Investigation the diameter of solid particles affects on alaminar nanofluid flow in a curved tube using a two phase approach. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30(4), 706–714 (2009)[4]Behzadmehr, A., Saffar-Avval, M., Galanis, N.: Prediction of turbulent forcedconvection of a nanofluid in a tube with uniform heat flux using a two phase approach.Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 28, 211–219 (2007)[5]Mirmasoumi, S., Behzadmehr, A.: Effect of nanoparticles mean diameter on mixedconvection heat transfer of a nanofluid in a horizontal tube. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 29, 557–566 (2008)[6]Xuan, Y.M., Li, Q.: Investigation on convective heat transfer and flow features ofnanofluids. Journal of Heat Transfer 125, 151–155 (2003)[7]Maiga, S.E.B., Nguyen, C.T., Galanis, N., Roy, G.: Heat transfer behaviours ofnanofluids in a uniformly heated tube. Superlattices and Microstructures 35, 543–557 (2004)[8]Das, S.K., Putra, N., Thiesen, P.W., Roetzel, R.: Temperature dependence of thermalconductivity enhancement for nanofluids. J. Heat Transfer 125, 567–574 (2003)[9]Rea, U., Mckrell, T., Hu, L.-W., Buongiorno, J.: Laminar convective heat transfer andviscous pressure loss of alumina-water and zirconia-water nanofluids. Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer 52, 2042–2048 (2009)[10]Hwang, K.S., Jang, S.P., Choi, S.U.S.: Flow and convective heat transfercharacteristics of water-based Al2O3 nanofluids in fully developed laminar flow regime. Int. J. Heat and Mass Tranfer 52, 193–199 (2009)[11]Zukauskas, A.: Heat transfer from tubes in crossflow. In: Hartnett, J.P., Irvine, J.T.F.(eds.) Advances in Heat Transfer, vol. 8, pp. 93–160 (1972)[12]Zukauskas, A., Skrinska, A., Ziugzda, J., Gnielinski, V.: Single phase convective heattransfer: Banks of plain and finned tubes. In: Hewitt, G. (ed.) Heat Exchanger Design Handbook, ch. 2.5.3. Begell House, New York (1998)[13]Chen, C.J., Wung, T.-S.: Finite analytic solution of convective heat transfer for tubearrays in crossflow: part-heat transfer analysis. J. Heat Transfer 111, 641–648 (1989) [14]Dhaubhadel, M.N., Reddy, J.N., Telionis, D.P.: Penalty finite-element analysis ofcoupled fluid flow and heat transfer for in-line bundle of cylinders in cross-flow. Int. J.Non-Linear Mech. 21, 361–373 (1986)[15]Dhaubhadel, M.N., Reddy, J.N., Telionis, D.P.: Finite-element analysis of fluid flowand heat transfer for staggered bundles of cylinders in cross flow. Int. J. Numerical Methods in Fluids 7, 1325–1342 (1987)490 J.-B. Huang and J.-Y. Jang [16]Wang, Y.Q., Penner, L.A., Ormiston, S.J.: Analysis of laminar forced convection of airfor cross flow in tube banks of staggered tubes. Numer. Heat Transfer, Part A 38(8), 819–845 (2000)[17]EI-Shaboury, A.M.F., Ormiston, S.J.: Analysis of laminar forced convection of air forcross flow in in-line tube banks with nonsquare arrangements. Numer. Heat Transfer, Part A 48(2), 99–126 (2005)[18]Manninen, M., Taivassalo, V., Kallio, S.: On the Mixture Model for Multiphase Flow/.Technical Research Center of Finland, VTT Publications 288, 9–18 (1996)[19]Schiller, L., Naumann, A.: A drag coefficient correlation. Z. Ver. Deutsch. Ing. 77,318–320 (1935)。
某复杂空间排烟系统设计宋晋 1 虞杰 1 张智信 1 肖龙洋 1 淏 姜予 2 1浙江工业大学工程设计集团有限公司2杭州电子科技大学自动化学院摘 要： 本文结合参与的贵州某中学工程实例， 详细介绍了在该项目中的某复杂空间建筑的防排烟设计， 结合现 行防排烟规范， 详细分析和介绍了保证建筑空间错落有致的情况下，如何有效设计防排烟系统， 并对相关问题进 行了探讨。
关键词： 防排烟 复杂空间 排烟口 防烟分区Design of Smoke Exhaust System in a Complex SpaceSONG Jin 1 ,YU Jie 1 ,ZHANG Zhixin 1 ,XIAO Longyang 1 ,JIANG Haoyu21Zhejiang University of Technology Engineering Design Group Co.,Ltd.2School of Automation,Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityAbstract:This article combined with the example of a middle school project in Guizhou that participated in,introduced the smoke prevention and exhaust design of a complex space building in this project in bined with the current smoke prevention and exhaust codes,this paper analyzes and introduces in detail how to effectively design the smoke prevention and exhaust system under the condition that the building space is uneven,and discusses the related issues.Keywords:smoke prevention,complex space,smoke exhaust outlet,smoke prevention zone收稿日期： 2020113作者简介： 宋晋 （1989~）， 女， 硕士， 工程师； 浙江省杭州市下城区潮王路18号浙江工业大学博文园 （300014）； Email:****************目前公共建筑有较多大空间建筑的形态设计 [1]。
临床医学研究与实践2021年6月第6卷第18期Improvement of experimental method about the effects of temperature andpH on the speed of enzymatic reactionSUN Ke 1,LI Genliang 2,LI Chaogan 2,HU Hongliu 2,NONG Song 2*,HUANG Zansong 1,XU Lingyu 1,CHEN Ran3(1.Graduate School;2.Basic Medical School;3.Science Experiment Center,Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities,Baise 533000,China)ABSTRACT:"The influence of temperature,pH,activator and inhibitor on the speed of enzymatic reaction"is a routine experiment for students to understand the properties of enzymes in biochemical experiments.In the long-term experiment teaching,authors found that the experiment had some shortcomings and need to be further improved.This article explored the experimental reagents,reaction conditions and experimental procedures,etc.,and achieved good experimental results.KEYWORDS:enzymatic reaction;α-amylase;improvement of experimental method;temperature;pH关于温度、pH 对酶促反应速度影响的实验方法改进孙科1，李根亮2，李朝敢2，胡红柳2，农嵩2*，黄赞松1，许玲玉1，陈冉3（右江民族医学院：1.研究生学院；2.基础医学院；3.科学实验中心，广西百色，533000）DOI :10.19347/ki.2096-1413.202118005基金项目：右江民族医学院2017年教育教学改革研究项目（No.J2017-25）；广西研究生教育创新计划项目（No.JGY2018126、JGY2020169）。
