英美文学史上最尖酸刻薄的13条书评

傲慢与偏见社会阶层批判读书笔记《傲慢与偏见》是英国女作家简·奥斯汀的经典之作，这部作品以19 世纪初英国乡村生活为背景，通过对几对年轻人爱情故事的描绘，深刻地反映了当时社会阶层的状况以及其所带来的种种问题。

在小说中，社会阶层的划分十分明显。

贵族和地主阶层处于社会的上层，他们拥有大量的土地和财富，生活富足且悠闲。

而中下层阶级则包括商人、律师、普通农民等，他们需要通过辛勤的工作来维持生计。

这种阶层的划分不仅仅体现在经济上的差异，更体现在人们的思想观念、行为举止和社交方式上。

伊丽莎白·班纳特和达西先生的爱情故事是小说的主线，也是对社会阶层批判的重要体现。

达西先生出身贵族，拥有巨额财富和高贵的地位，他的傲慢正是其阶层优越感的外在表现。

他认为自己的身份和财富使他高人一等，在最初对待伊丽莎白和她的家人时，带着一种不屑和轻视的态度。

这种傲慢让伊丽莎白对他产生了极大的偏见，认为他是一个自私、自利、无情的人。

然而，随着故事的发展，我们看到达西先生的傲慢并非毫无缘由。

他所处的社会阶层让他从小就接受了一系列的礼教和规范，使他认为自己有责任维护家族的荣誉和地位。

同时，他周围的人也都对他阿谀奉承，进一步助长了他的傲慢。

但当他真正爱上伊丽莎白后，开始反思自己的行为，并努力改变自己。

伊丽莎白则代表了中产阶级的价值观和思想。

她聪明、独立、有主见，不愿意为了金钱和地位而放弃自己的尊严和原则。

她对达西先生的偏见，一方面是因为达西先生最初的傲慢态度，另一方面也是因为她对贵族阶层的固有看法。

她认为贵族们都是虚伪、自私、傲慢的，这种偏见使她在很长一段时间内无法看到达西先生的真实内心。

小说中的另一个重要人物是夏洛特·卢卡斯。

她是伊丽莎白的好友，为了生活的稳定和舒适，选择嫁给了愚蠢而又自负的柯林斯先生。

柯林斯先生是一个牧师，他的社会地位虽然不高，但因为得到了贵族的庇护，生活还算富足。

夏洛特的选择反映了当时中下层阶级女性的无奈。

简·奥斯汀 1775年至1817年 是一位杰出的英语文学中的女性在19世纪的小说家。

其中 “傲慢与偏见”是她最好的和最有名的作品。

珍妮弗Crusie 2005这本小说已经经常被电视和电影改编，且它也享有了大量的忠实读者都在世界各地。

有许多重要的文章会对“傲慢与偏见”中奥斯丁的幽默和讽刺的研究。

但仔细阅读后我发现大多数评论家在分析幽默和讽刺时是分开进行研究的。

在我的观点里幽默和讽刺不能完全分开分析。

一个恰到好处的讽刺和幽默，往往被认为是对人类生存条件的挑衅和见地。

本文旨在分析小说中的幽默和讽刺并达到一个结合。

文章中描绘了在格鲁吉亚时代的农村社会的上流社会的爱情故事和生活琐碎。

讲述“傲慢”达西先生“偏见”伊丽莎白班纳特之间最初的傲慢误解到后来的相互启迪。

故事开始在赫特福德郡浪博恩班纳特先生和夫人的家庭里，他们是村里的主要负责人。

他们有五个女儿 - 简 伊丽莎白 玛丽 凯瑟琳和丽迪雅，她们各自拥有自己的特色和魅力。

但是浪博恩庄园因为严格呼吁男性继承人，因此Longourn实际是会被传承到班纳特先生的远房亲戚。

而班纳特太太在她的五个女儿嫁出去后去世。

所以文章通过她和年轻男性女性每天的交流会谈，从而达到幽默与讽刺的完美融合。

奥斯汀描绘了四段婚姻以及非常真实和细腻的人物情感交流。

其中最主要的，自然是发生在女主角伊丽莎白·班纳特与男主角费茨威廉·达西之间的爱恨情仇。

而讽刺与幽默就穿插在整篇文章的对话中，从而使得《傲慢与偏见》闪烁着斗智的爱情轻喜剧，且说明了人必须行动和自省才有希望，人的尊严绝不是与生俱来的，而是从行动和自省中淬炼获得，透过理性的行动，把人类的王国建立得具有一个心灵价值的模式，以与物质俗世有别。

英国：The Canterbury Tales:It is a masterpiece by Geoffrey Chaucer.It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time. The pilgrims cover a wide range of characters in the England of the time, from noblemen to peasants. They represent the whole range of 14th century society except the very top and the very bottom.This kind of a collection of tales put together was not rare in history. However, in The Canterbury Tales, stories are cleverly woven together by links between the stories. Most of the stories are related to the personalities of the tellers. The personality of each character, his private life and habits, his mood and social status are revealed in the prologue and in the story he tells, as well as by his behavior along the road and his remarks on the way. The links between the tales are of great interest. Most important is the part played by the host. He draws the shy ones out , smoothes over the differences, and keep the company generally in good spirits.The Faerie Queen:It is Edmund Sensor’s masterpiece. It was a long poem planned in 12 books, of which only 6 were finished. The book was dedicated to Queen Elizabeth.The plan of the whole poem is this: The faerie queen(signifying Queen Elizabeth I) holds a feast of 12 days, and on each day a stranger in distress(不幸）appears, claiming help against a dragon or giant or tyrant. A knight was assigned to each guest, and the 12 books were to describe 12 adventures. Moreover, each knight represents a virtue, as Holiness, Temperance（温和), Chastity(纯洁）, Friendship, Justice and Courtesy; and his warfare（战争）represents the strife（冲突）against a contrary vice, as pride or Despair. So the long poem is a continued allegory(寓言）. The knights represent England and the devil figures stand for her enemies.Tamburlaine:It is a play by Christopher Marlowe. It is about an ambitious and pitiless(冷酷无情的）Tartar conqueror in the 14th century who rose from a shepherd（牧羊人）to an overpowering king. By flouting（嘲笑）the given order and trampling（践踏）on despairing princes, Tamburlaine displayed a high-aspiring mind that was self-created and carried by love and dreams beyond the limits of moral existence. His victories were a triumph(胜利）of immense natural energy and of ruthlessness over equally cruel but weak and decadent civilizations. By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal force in conquering one enemy after another, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of the man of the Renaissance for infinite power and authority.Being a cruel conqueror, he finds consummate(至上的）happiness in subduing（征服）other Kingdoms.Hamlet：Hamlet is the most popular and the most discussed of Shakespeare’s tragedies. It bears strong resemblance to a lost earlier Hamlet and to The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd.The greatness of the play lies in the fact that in it Shakespeare expressed his praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived. Hamlet’s revenge is not only a personal matter. What troubles him most is the injustice, conspiracy（阴谋）, and the betrayal in the society. His father is murdered by his uncle and his mother is married to his uncle right after his father’s death.The marriage of his mother is the first blow(打击）to him as he had regarded her as a virtuous woman. Then, his former friends are dispatched by the king to spy on him. This is a second blow, for as a humanist he sets great store by friendship(以友谊为重）. Then his girlfriend Ophelia is sent as a tool to find out whether or not he is really mad. This is something he can no longer endure.One incident after another seems to reveal to him that the time is “out of joint” and man is not so good as he had imagined. Hamlet would have been a tragedy of “blood and thunder”(充满凶杀情节）if Shakespeare had not imbued（使渗透）the play with the sort of philosophical thinking, this humanistic search for the value of man and the disappointment of such ideals.Of Studies:It is the most popular of Francis Bacon’s 58 essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. Being forceful and persuasive, compact(紧凑的）and precise, it reveals to us Bacon’s mature attitude towards learning.Paradise Lost:Milton’s masterpiece, it is a long epic divided into 12 books. It is about Adam and Eve’s disobedience and fall from grace. The original story is taken from Genesis3:1-24 of the Bible. The theme is the “Fall of Man”, i.e. man’s disobedience and the loss of Paradise, with its prime cause——Satan.The poet, through depicting incurrence(遭受）of character in the poem, implied that the British Bourgeois Revolution is doomed to end in failure.The Pilgrim’s Progress:The Pilgrim’s Progress, written by John Bunyan,is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. It is not only about something spiritual but also bears much relevance to the time. Its predominant metaphor——life is a journey——is simple and familiar.There are some main themes. First, knowledge gained through travel: The Pilgrim’s Progress demonstrates that knowledge is gained through travel by portrayingChristian and his companions learning from their mistakes on their journey. The pilgrims must advance spiritually as he or she advances geographically. Second, the importance of reading: The importance of reading is emphasized throughout the book because the pilgrims reach salvation and happiness by understanding the Bible. Third, the value of community.Moll Flanders:It was written by Daniel Defoe. It is written in an autobiographical form called memoirs.In Moll Flanders, Defoe introduces, for the first time, a lowly woman as the subject of literature. And it anticipates many later novels that take women as the center of attention in order to expose how the social system has victimized those like Moll. At Defoe’ s time, there are many popular novels and stories about the lives of villains or rogues(流氓）. However, Moll’s life story is a departure from those, because those novels indulge in dramatizing(使戏剧化）the tricks and immortal schemes the anti-hero or anti-heroine adopts in order to achieve his or her purposes. Therefore, those works remain at the level of mere entertainment literature. Moll Flanders, on the other hand, has entered serious literature with a grave social theme.Tom Jones:Tom Jones is a masterpiece of Henry Fielding on the subject of human nature. There are 18 books divided into 3 parts with 6 in each. The first part describes Tom’s childhood in Mr. Allworthy’ s home; the middle one contains adventures on the road to London; and the last tells what happens in London to Tom and Sophia.To Fielding, the countryside represents the basic goodness of human race, whereas the city stands for evil and sin. Therefore, Tom, growing in the countryside under the care of good Mr. Allworthy, is basically an upright young fellow, brave and honest and full of sympathy for the poor and weak. The farther he proceeds to London, the worse he becomes morally, spiritually, and even physically. In London, he degenerates into a kept man of a rich woman, ends up in prison, and is shocked by his alleged (声称的)incestuous crime(乱伦罪).The School for Scandal:It is Sheridan’ s masterpiece. It is written in the tradition of Comedy of Manners.It is a story about two brothers: Joseph Surface and Charles Surface. Charles falls in love with a rich heiress Maria and his love is returned. Joseph, his elder brother is also counting Maria for her fortunes. The play ends with the union of Charles and Maria and the exposure of Joseph’s hypocrisy.It is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(堕落）of the aristocratic-bourgeois（贵族资产阶级) society in the 18th century of England.Sons of Innocence:William Blake’ s most well known poems are collected in two collections. They are Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.The poems collected in Songs of Innocence express the poet’ s delight in life, even in the face of sorrow and suffering. The world is seen through the eyes of a child’s imagination. Blake’ s vision of innocence is not that of a child’s only. It is a world that can be attained by the adults if they cast away(丢掉) the follies(罪恶) and deceits(欺骗) of the hostile world and seek a visionary world through their imagination. In this collection we can have the first glimpse of Blake’ s mysticism(神秘主义), which will develop in his later poems.Songs of Experience:William Blake’ s most well known poems are collected in two collections. They are Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.Songs of Innocence is a collection of poems and songs in which the atmosphere is no longer sunny but sad and gloomy. Evil is found everywhere in this world. Through the loss of imagination, man has become a slave to the falsehood(谎话) and hypocrisy of religion and society, and thus has lost the Heaven of Innocence and gained the Hell of Experience.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage:《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》It is a lengthy narrative poem by George Gorgon Bryon.It tells a story of a pilgrim’s journey in Europe. The hero was called Childe Harold. He got tired of the meaningless and empty life of pleasure and escaped to seek a spiritual rebirth.Byron reflected the historical events and lamented on the sufferings of people, by which he showed his political and philosophical views.In the poem, Childe Harold was the poet himself; they both lamented over the corrupted reality and wanted to make a change; they loved freedom and were eager to build a marvelous career.The poem is an imaginative and romantic presentation of the poet’s disturbed emotions and eagerness for freedom. It also emphasizes individualism. This marvelous work exhibits Byron’s creative power and prepares him for a more powerful literary breakthrough.Don Juan：It is Byron’ s masterpiece. The poem reveals the poet’s attacks on social injustice and political intrigue, on moral degeneracy and personal vices（恶习）, as well as his philosophical reflections on his own life and on abstractions.Byron puts into Don Juan his rich knowledge of the world and the wisdom gained from experiences. It presents brilliant depictions of life in his various stages of love, joy, suffering, hatred and fear. The unifying theme in Don Juan is the basic ironic theme of appearance and reality. And the diverse materials and the clash(冲突) of emotions gathered in the poem are harmonized by Byron’ s insight into the difference between life’s appearance and its actuality. All these constitute the poet’s unique style. Ode to the West Wind:This poem is most representative of Shelley’ s feelings and thoughts at the time.It is a mixture of death and rebirth. Shelley is concerned with the regeneration of himself spiritually and poetically and of Europe politically. He is appealing to the west wind to effect this regeneration. In this poem, Shelley considers wind as “ destroyer and preserver”. It will destroy the old world and herald(通报，预示来临) in a new one.He abhorred(痛恨) the unjust and decayed society and conveyed his hope to build a bright world after wrecking(破坏) the old one through the power of the west wind. He would like to live in a harmonious society. Shelley showed his belief that the wind can destroy the old world and build a new one. He looked forward to the coming of Spring and had an optimistic feeling.On First Looking into Chapman’s HomerIt is the most important of Keats’ early sonnets, where with his inimitable(独特的) poetic imagery and concise but rich language Keats first found his ideal world in poetry and art, by exulting over the great epic poetry of the ancient Greek poet Homer. He appreciated Homer’s rich imagination and passion very much.Tess of D’ UrbervillesIt is Hardy’ s masterpiece.It is the most pastoral(田园生活的)of Hardy’ s novels. Its plot centers on the tragic occurrences of its heroine Tess’ s life.It is a fierce attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and the destruction of English.peasantry towards the end of the 19th century.Dr Faustus:Dr Faustus is a play by Christopher Marlowe, based on the Faustus’s story, in which a man sells his soul to the devil in return for power and knowledge. It is adapted by a popular old German legend.The play’s dominant moral is human rather than religious.It celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness; it also reveals man’s frustration in realizing the high aspirations in a hostile moral order. And the confinement to time is the cruelest fact of man’s condition.The play ends with Faustus’ forced surrender(交出）of his soul to the devil after a lapse（消逝）of 24 years. Though the tragic ending suggests that the writer conforms with the orthodox teachings(正统的说教）of the church, the towering figure of Faustus is eloquent（雄辩的）evidence that the author has a will to search the infinite knowledge of life and to express his atheism（无神论) and patriotism.Julius Caesar：Julius Caesar is a historical play written by William Shakespeare.The play is a great one because it is concerned with several themes.One of them is whether one’s life is determined by his fate or by his free will. InCaesar’s case, he recognizes that some things like death are beyond human control, but to live passively(顺从的）is not a hero’s choice. The best course for him is to face death head-on, to die bravely and honorably.Another theme is inflexibility(不屈性）versus comprise. To gain one’s goal, sometimes one need to make some concessions and compromises. If one is as stubborn and inflexible as Caesar and Brutus, one has to pay a heavy price. On the contrary, if one is like Antony who can act according to the circumstances, he would win in the end. On the whole, the play is very enlightening because it provides multiple interpretations.A Modest Proposal:A Modest Proposal is a famous satire written by Jonathan Swift. Assuming the cool tone of an impartial outsider, the author suggests that children of the poor Irish people be sold at one years old as food for the English nobles. Written with much conciseness and terseness, the “proposal”is by far the most consummate(完美的)artistic expression of Swift’s indignation(愤怒)toward the terrible oppression and exploitation of the Irish people by the English ruling class.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud:It is written by William Wordsworth.This poem is about nature. With his pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils（水仙花），trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy(忧郁的) and his delight. We come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.The poem’s main brilliance lies in the reverse personification of its early stanzas. The speaker is compared to a natural object, a cloud——“I wandered as lonely as a cloud”, and the daffodils are personified as human beings.This technique implies an inherent unity between man and nature, making it one of Wordsworth’s most basic and effective methods for instilling(逐渐灌输) in the reader the feeling the poet so often describes himself as experiencing.Ivanhoe:Ivanhoe is one of the best known historical fictions of Walter Scott.The background of Ivanhoe was set in the 12th century England. Since England was conquered by French Norman conqueror William, Anglo-Saxons lived a hard life under the rule of Normans. Richard, the protagonist, was portrayed as a knight. John, Richard’ s brother, planned to seize the throne from Richard. Ivanhoe helped Richard to defeat John and restore Richard’ s Kingship.The plot here is well constructed, and in the clever interweaving of complex events involving numerous characters we see Scott’ s masterly skills in narrative art which has made this novel extremely engrossing(引人入胜的).In a whole, it is a great work of art for here we find the novelist’s truthful representation of the cruelty and inhumanity of feudalism and his sympathy for the people as well as his skills inpresenting vivid portraits of characters and ingenious(独创的) arrangement of plots. Bleak House:It is one of Charles Dickens’ representative works.Bleak House is chiefly aimed at the abuse of the Chancery courts with its interminable(无止尽的) delays and huge costs. The novel is not merely a attack on the Chancery courts, but also fierce satiric thrusts(刺) at the whole political system in England, particularly at the parliamentary system. The author shows that the legal procedure is the source of profit for the few and the cause of misfortune for the many. Asides from such satires on the law courts and on the parliamentary system, the novel contains an intricate(复杂的) story of an aristocratic woman Lady Dedlock. And through the story the terrible inside of this aristocratic family is also exposed to view, which constitutes a penetrating satire on the aristocratic families whose parasitic （寄生的）existence is described with much contempt by the author,So in the novel there is a distinct note of bitterness and the novel shows the author’s loss of hope for the English society of his age.V anity Fair:It is William Makepeace Thackeray’ s masterpiece. The title Vanity Fair is taken from John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress, in which the protagonist Christian passes a Vanity Fair, where are sold all sorts of vanity. The writer’s attention is not to portray individuals, but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.My Last Duchess:It is one of the most representative of Robert Browning’ s dramatic monologues. The poem is based on the true history. The poem is a monologue of the Duke. It comprises rhyming pentameter lines.The nonchalance(冷淡) in the Duke’s tone fully reveals the arrogance and cruelty of an Italian tyrant in the age of the Renaissance.Wuthering Heights:Wuthering Heights is a poem by Emily Bronte.It can be interpreted into a criticism on the bourgeois matrimonial(婚姻的) system. It tells the tale of the passionate, yet thwarted(挫败的) love between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, and how this unresolved passion eventually destroys them.It is generally considered one of the most original works. In many aspects, it is unique and has no counterparts in mode as well as in manner of writing. For example, the novel contains many Gothic and supernatural elements, which adds its uniqueness. Wuthering Heights is characterized for its poetic language, exaggerated plots and the simple, naked statement of violent emotions. It is like a musical or poetic transcription(抄本) of the violent spirit of Emily Bronte herself.The story is also characterized by its structure. It is told in a paired point of view——the third person and the first person. In this way, everything seems more truth-like. Heart of Darkness:The novel , written by Joseph Conrad, is based on his trip in Africa up to the Congo River in 1980. The story begins with Marlow telling his story to the other passengers while the ship is lying in anchor(抛锚) at the mouth of the Thames River.Major Barbara:Major Barbara is an important play by George Bernard Shaw.It touches on the fundamental issues of capitalism. Major Barbara is a play about two conflicting ideas. Major Barbara is the daughter of a millionaire named Andrew Undershaft, who was a foundling and a poor boy when young but has become a munition（军需品）magnate(富豪). Barbara wants to save the soul of the poor, and she has joined the Salvation Army(救世军)，a kind of religious faction, which is organized like the army.In the character of Undershaft are exposed the essential characteristics of monopoly capitalists with bitter satire. This is Shaw’s chief contribution in his play. But beyond the satire there is nothing. In spite of the satire on capitalism, Shaw suggests no way out and seems to get confused about what to do next. As a conclusion, he suggests a certain kind of compromiseUlysses:Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce.The title parallels and alludes to Odysseus, the hero of Homer’s Odyssey. The useof stream of consciousness, careful structuring, puns, allusions, as well as its rich characteristics and broad humor, made the book a highly regarded novel in the modernist pantheon.(名流群)The novel tells of the wanderings and “adventures” of Leopold Bloom, a modern Ulysses, during 24 hours of a single day.The whole novel is divided into 18 episodes in correspondence with the 18 hours of the day. With great many varieties and minute details, Ulysses embodies a symbolic picture of all human history, which simultaneously tragic and comic, heroic and trivial, magnificent(华丽的) and dreary.Look Back in Anger:It is a play by John Osborne. The play spawned(造成) the term “ angry young men” to describe Osborne and those of his generation who employed harshness(严肃) and realism in the theater in contrast to the more escapist fare previously seen. Waiting for Godot:It is Samuel Beckett’s masterpiece.In the play Beckett is discussing the absurdity of human life. He is exploring an answer to such question as “Who am I?”, or “What am I living for?” but in this world of absurdity he cannot find the answer.The play told that two tramps waited for Godot. Godot’s absence, as well as numerous other aspects of the play, has led to many different interpretations since the plays premiere.What is the meaning of the play? Who is Godot? Why are they waiting? All these questions puzzle the reader.The message of the play may be like this. At the bottom, life is cynical. It is spiraling(盘旋的) downward. In either case life seems repetitious（重复的）, empty, boring, with no meaning in the sense of “purpose” or “progress”.Lord of the Flies:It is a novel by William Golding, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature.It tells the story about the fate of a group of English schoolboys who are marooned(放逐) and become isolated on an island, which is an allegory about the tragedy of human nature.The Picture of Dorain Gray:It is Oscar Wilde ‘s masterpiece.This is the representative work which reflects his artistic view, especially the principle of “art for art’s sake”. It touches upon a typical Victorian subject——the divided self(自我分裂) . The symbolic significance of the story is self-evident.美国：The Autobiography：It could be seen as the representative work of Franklin,which has great impact on American literature.From the content, it is probably the first kind of autobiography in the history of American literature.It records the author’s rising from poverty or humble beginnings to success, including his studying in his young age and his experiences of work. And his achievement in politics, science and economy are also mentioned in this book. It is an early example of American dream. And from then on, people can think that they may write a book about his own life and make it useful to others.The whole book is filled with the style of Puritanism. The moralities of hard-will, self-education, self-retrospect, self-analysis and self- reliance are clearly seen from The Autobiography. And all these are the characteristics of Puritans. It teaches people how to be self-cultivated, how to be self-reliant and how to serve the God well.The Wild Honey Suckle:It is one of Philip Freneau’s most important works.This poem gives the reader of a simple and ordinary image——the wild honey suckle.It grows in the remote place and nobody even notices it.The poet is sorry for the short life of the honey suckle which even can not be traceable when it dies.The diction used in the poem is simple and direct. The imagery is sensuous.This poem celebrated the beauty of the countryside of the new continent by appreciating the common flower which grew up in America, contrasting the usual flower images in the Britain literature ever before.From then on, many writers found some useful materials in the American history and their eyes did not always focus on the Britain and European continent.The Raven:The Raven is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe.This poem depicts the scene that the speaker talks to a raven. The raven can speak a word “nevermore” which interests the speaker.The speaker’s mind wanders back to his lover. All of the questions he intended to ask the raven indicated the speaker’s loss. And at last the speaker’s nerve can not handle grieve of the loss of his lover and breaks down. From the poem we can feel that the speaker’s anxiety and the trend of suddenly going to outbreak.The poem is pervaded with the atmosphere of the speaker’s dreamy imagination. It is more likely that the speaker is talking to the raven in his semi-stupor mental state (半昏迷状态）than in his sober mental state（清醒状态）.The poem makes use of a number of folk, mythological（神话的）, religious, and classical references.Poe claimed to have written the poem very logically and methodically(有方法的）, intending to create a poem that would appeal to both critical and popular tastes.The American Scholar:The American Scholar was a speech given by Ralph Waldo Emerson in Cambridge, Massachusetts.He was invited to speak in recognition of his work Nature, in which he established a new way for America's fledgling(羽翼未丰的）society to regard the world. Sixty years after declaring independence, American culture was still heavily influenced by Europe, and Emerson, for possibly the first time in the country's history, provided a visionary philosophical framework for building a new, distinctly American cultural identity.Emerson uses Transcendentalist and Romantic views to get his points across by explaining a true American scholar's relationship to nature.In The American Scholar, Emerson is trying to say that “we Americans should stop imitating other countries in literature and we ought to create a way of our own”. It is a sign that American is trying to be away from the British or Europe influence and at the same time makes their own literature style——to be more specific——and set up their own American national characteristics.The Scarlet Letter:It is the masterpiece of Nathaniel Hawthorne, which established him as the leading American native novelist of the 19th century.The letter A initially is a sign of adultery(通奸）and penitence（赎罪）, as the community sees the letter as a mark of just punishment and a symbol to deter（阻止）others from sin. Hester is a fallen woman with a symbol of her guilt. Later, when she becomes a frequent visitor in homes of pain and sorrow, the A is seen to represent “Able” or “Angel”. It has rejuvenated Hester.Its immortal enchantment(魅力）lies in not only its condemnation of the negative impact of Puritan society on people’s spirit, but also its affirmation of goodness. The novel aims at criticizing severely Puritanical asceticism(苦行主义）, suggestingHawthorne’s further thinking over the “original sin”“good and evil”“soul salvation”“total depravity”by analyzing the four main characters in the novel. The novel concerns the consequence caused by the sin and people’s attitude towards sin rather than the sin itself. He believes man can do good deeds to get rid of evil in his heart. Hester Prynne: The writer gives her some symbolic meanings by giving her this name. Hester sounds like Hestier, Zeu’s sister in Greek Mythology, who is a very beautiful goddess. This gives us a sense that Hester is a passionate beautiful woman. In this novel, she is the symbol of the truth, the goodness and the beauty.Arthur Dimmesdale: He is a well-regarded young minister, who initials are AD, which also stands for adultery. The author obviously tells us Arthur Dimmesdale is the pratner in sin of Hester Prynne by giving him this name. The word Dimmesdale also has symbolic meanings. Dim means dark and weak, and dale means valley, so the dimdale here is actually a symbol of the dim-interior of the lergyman. He loves Hester deeply, and he is the father of Pearl, but he can only show his passion for her in the forest or in darkness. His response to the sin is to die.A Psalm of Life:It is Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s most famous poem that encourages people to persevere(坚持）despite tragedy , to affirm life, to pick up courage from losses and to push ahead for all momentary defeats. It is a poem in which a young man entreats(恳求）a psalmist(and readers) not to be optimistic, but to muster courage in adversity （逆境）.Walden:It is Henry David Thoreau’s masterpiece, which is a great Transcendentalist work .The book is full of people waking up: as a matter of fact, he wakes up several times himself in the book. He records how he tries to minimize his own needs on Walden Pond.Thoreau was never tired of staying alone in nature. Walden is a faithful record of his reflections when he was in solitary communion with nature, an eloquent(雄辩的) indication that he not only embraced Emerson’s Transcendentalist philosophy but went even further to illustrate the pantheistic(泛神论的) quality of nature.Walden is a book about man, what he is , and what he should be and must be. Thoreau has faith in the inner virtue and inward, spiritual grace of man. He holds that the most important thing for men to do with their lives is to be self-sufficient and strive to achieve personal spiritual perfection. The fact that he moved into his shabby cabin illustrates his desire to be independent and find truth for himself.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a fiction by Mark Twain. The books relates the escape of Jim from slavery and more important, how Huck Finnm floating along with him and helping him, changes his mind, his prejudice about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well.Mark Twain starts the tradition of writing in colloquial way and using the dialect. He prefers simple language and sometimes there are even ungrammatical errors in the。

英国作家批评家塞缪尔·约翰逊经典名言警句1. 未来是用现在换来的。

2. 失望虽然常常发生，但总没有绝望那么可怕。

3. 偷懒就会无聊，结果，由于别人希望忙碌而我们就失去了伙伴。

4. 我十分赞赏公共娱乐，因为娱乐可以防止人们去干不正经的事5. 旅游的作用就是用现实来约束想象：不是去想事情会是怎样的，而是去看它们实际上是怎样的。

6. 一个人在旅游时必须带上知识，如果他想带回知识的话。

7. Example is always more efficacious than precept.身教胜于言教。

8. Literature is a kind of intellectual light which, like the light of the sun, may sometimes enable us to see what we do not like.9. 选择朋友要冷静，不可操之过急，断交更要慎重，能对你开怀直言的人，便是你的挚友。

10. 伟大的工作，并不是用力量而是用耐心去完成的。

11. 我们可能把幻想作为伴侣，但必须以理智作为我们指引。

12. 人生是短促的，这句话应该促醒每一个人去进行一切他所想做的事。

虽然勤勉不能保证一定成功，死亡可能摧折欣欣向荣的事业，但那些功业未遂的人，至少已有参加行伍的光荣，即使他未获胜，却也算战斗过。

13. 选择朋友要冷静，不可操之过急，断交更要慎重，能对你开怀直言的人，便是你的挚友。

14. 心地善良的人，富于幻想的人比冷酷残忍的人更容易聚合。

15. 重要的是如何生存，而不是如何死去。

塞缪尔·约翰逊(Samuel Johnson),英国作家，批评家。

（1709—1784）英国文学史上重要的诗人、散文家、传记家和健谈家，编纂的《词典》对英语发展作出了重大贡献。

和琼森一样，他也是当时文坛的一代盟主，他对文学小说诗歌文学作品的评论，即使片言只语，也被众口宣传，当作屑金碎玉。

傲慢和偏见读书笔记《傲慢与偏见》是英国著名女作家简·奥斯汀的经典之作。

这部小说以 18 世纪末到 19 世纪初英国乡绅阶层的日常生活为背景，通过描写几对年轻人的爱情故事，生动地展现了当时社会的风貌和人们的价值观。

故事围绕着班纳特一家展开。

班纳特太太整天操心着如何将五个女儿嫁个好人家。

大女儿简温柔善良，美丽端庄；二女儿伊丽莎白聪明机智，有主见；三女儿玛丽相貌平平，却沉迷于书本知识；四女儿凯蒂和小女儿莉迪亚则有些轻浮和幼稚。

男主人公达西先生是一位富有、英俊但傲慢的贵族。

他初次出现在舞会上时，表现出的冷漠和傲慢给伊丽莎白留下了极坏的印象。

而另一位男士宾利先生则性格温和，很快就与简坠入了爱河。

伊丽莎白与达西先生之间的感情发展是小说的主线。

由于对达西先生的偏见，伊丽莎白多次拒绝了他的示好。

而达西先生也逐渐认识到自己的傲慢，并努力改变。

在这个过程中，伊丽莎白的好友夏洛特为了现实的利益，嫁给了愚蠢而又自大的柯林斯先生，这让伊丽莎白感到震惊和失望。

而莉迪亚则与行为放荡的威克姆私奔，差点让整个家庭蒙羞。

小说中，作者通过细腻的心理描写和精彩的对话，将人物形象刻画得栩栩如生。

伊丽莎白的聪明和独立，达西先生的傲慢背后的善良，班纳特太太的庸俗和肤浅，都让人印象深刻。

读完这本书，我对傲慢和偏见有了更深的思考。

傲慢往往源于自身的优越感和对他人的不了解，而偏见则是因为先入为主的观念和片面的认知。

达西先生最初的傲慢使他失去了许多了解他人的机会，也让别人对他产生了厌恶。

伊丽莎白因为对达西先生的第一印象不佳，便带着偏见去看待他的一举一动，从而错过了很多了解他真实性格的时机。

这种傲慢和偏见在我们的现实生活中也屡见不鲜。

很多时候，我们会因为一个人的外表、出身或者初次的表现，就轻易地给对方贴上标签，从而影响了我们对其真实品质的判断。

比如，我们可能会因为一个人的穿着打扮不够时尚而认为他没有品味，或者因为一个人的口音而对他产生地域歧视。

名著里最讽刺的一句话1.只需要赚取名誉的权力就足够了。

——《了不起的盖茨比》2.人类总是怀着最美好的愿望，却为最正确的事情所做的每一次决定付出代价。

——《麦田里的守望者》3.社会上所谓的关爱和帮助，往往只是为了消除内疚感而已。

——《飘》4.有人用金钱买爱情，有人用爱情换权力，而其中真正的幸福又在何方？——《了不起的盖茨比》5.不是每个人都能够看透真相，但是真相却永远存在着。

——《1984》6.每一个常人眼中盲目的崇拜，都是对艺术的亵渎。

——《简爱》7.被称赞的人并不一定值得赞扬，而值得赞扬的人却往往被遗忘。

——《傲慢与偏见》8.每个人都渴望拥有知识，却只愿意接受自己愿意听到的真相。

——《殡仪馆小说》9.真正的智慧在于学会遵守规则，而不是随心所欲。

——《堂吉诃德》10.被觉悟的人知道自己的无知，而愚昧的人却以为自己拥有所有知识。

——《动物庄园》11.贪婪不是因为贫穷，而是因为心态；和善不是因为富有，而是因为本性。

——《雾都孤儿》12.每个人都有自己的悲欢离合，但总会有人为不值得的事情叹息，为值得的事情视而不见。

——《平凡的世界》13.人与人之间的疏离不是因为距离，而是因为自私。

——《查令十字街84号》14.爱情不分贫富，但是生活却只属于有钱人。

——《独白》15.爱情和权力之间并不存在平衡，取舍不过是自私与妥协的较量。

——《空房间》16.为了走出困境，有人选择牺牲自己，有人选择愚昧逃避，却很少有人能够勇敢面对现实。

——《雾都孤儿》17.每一次追求都是一场得失之间的游戏，而游戏规则并非由人定，却总有人以为自己可以改变。

——《了不起的盖茨比》18.有些事情并不是我们所看到的那样简单，而是隐藏着无尽的危险。

——《第三只眼睛》19.人生往往是这样一种矛盾体验：明知希望会带来痛苦，却又不断寻找希望。

——《老人与海》20.讥讽并不是对别人的贬低，而是对自己的勇敢挑战。

——《飘》21.男人爱美，女人爱钱。

22.真正的朋友永远少，钞票永远多。

亲爱的读者，今天我要和你共享的主题是“傲慢与偏见经典语录一首蹩脚的十四行诗”。

让我们深入了解一下《傲慢与偏见》这部经典小说。

这部小说是英国女作家简·奥斯汀的代表作，也是世界文学史上的经典之一。

小说以19世纪英国乡村的上流社会为背景，通过描述主人公伊丽莎白·班纳特与达西先生之间跌宕起伏的爱情故事，揭示了封建社会的傲慢与偏见，以及对幸福的执着追求。

在小说中，作者用犀利的语言点明了不同人物角色对待他人的态度、生活观念和道德观念。

接下来，让我们来思考一下傲慢与偏见的概念。

傲慢是指对自己的能力、地位或品质过分自满，看不起别人，自以为高人一等；偏见是指对他人的性格、能力、地位、国籍、种族、宗教等，不做客观公正的评价，而凭第一印象或没有确凿根据的偏见。

这两种心态往往会阻碍人们正常的交流和相互理解，也常常导致不必要的误会和冲突。

当我们将《傲慢与偏见》的经典语录与一首蹩脚的十四行诗结合在一起时，不禁让人联想到作者可能是在使用文学的方式来讽刺、批判这些傲慢与偏见的态度。

这也让我们意识到，文学作品不仅可以反映社会，也可以启迪人们的心灵。

这十四行诗可能是作者以一种轻松幽默的方式呈现，以引发人们对傲慢与偏见的深思和反思。

在我的观点看来，傲慢与偏见是人性中不可避免的缺陷，但我们可以通过文学作品、艺术作品和社会互动来加以纠正和改善。

借助傲慢与偏见经典语录和蹩脚的十四行诗，或许能够引起我们对这些态度的关注，从而引发对自身思想和行为的反思。

傲慢与偏见经典语录一首蹩脚的十四行诗，不仅是文学作品中的一抹亮色，也是对人性的深刻剖析。

希望我们都能从中汲取智慧，拒绝傲慢，抛弃偏见，用宽容的心态面对世界。

傲慢与偏见，如同人生旅途中的一声警钟，提醒我们保持开放的心态，以智慧和宽容对待他人与自己。

以上就是我对“傲慢与偏见经典语录一首蹩脚的十四行诗”的一些思考和观点，希望对你有所启发。

为了更好地了解这个主题，我鼓励你阅读这些语录和探寻更多的相关文学作品。

《傲慢与偏见》的幽默与讽刺摘要：简·奥斯汀是十九世纪最著名的小说家之一，在英国小说发展史中占有一席之地。

她的文笔细腻简练，幽默风趣。

她敏锐深刻的观察力与才华横溢的嘲讽使她的作品成为一部部闪耀着喜剧光彩的现实主义杰作。

奥斯丁在其短暂的一生中共创作了六部力作，其中《傲慢与偏见》是最受读者欢迎的一部作品。

这部小说自1813年问世的近两百多年来，诸多评论家从不同角度、不同层面对该作品的艺术魅力进行了剖析。

也有很多评论研究《傲慢与偏见》的幽默与讽刺。

但大多数都将幽默与讽刺分开来研究。

本论文旨在分析这部作品中的幽默与讽刺。

在这部作品中幽默和讽刺随处可见。

正是奥斯汀对幽默与讽刺的完美运用才使这部作品成为举世的喜剧名著。

介绍简·奥斯汀（1775年至1817年）是一位杰出的英语文学中的女性在19世纪的小说家。

在她短暂的一生中，她一共写了6个完整的小说。

其中，“傲慢与偏见”是她最好的和最有名的作品。

虽然其首次出版于1813年1月28日以来近200年来，它仍然是世界各地非常流行。

“是一个真理，普遍承认，简·奥斯汀的普及将继续很长时间来的。

”（珍妮弗Crusie，2005）这本小说已经经常被两个电视和电影改编和它也享有了大量的忠实读者都在世界各地。

新华社曾经说过，“傲慢与偏见”，排在中国书店出售的最受欢迎的作品之一。

本文旨在解决为什么小说是可读的，所以受欢迎，英语文学等享有很高的地位。

“傲慢与偏见”有许多重要的研究，这项工作已经从各个方面，如婚姻，性格，和女权运动的分析。

也有许多重要的文章“傲慢与偏见”中奥斯丁的幽默和讽刺的研究。

但仔细研究后，我发现，大多数评论家分析幽默和讽刺，傲慢和偏见分开。

在我的观点，幽默和讽刺不能完全分开分析。

一个良好的讽刺，幽默往往被认为对人类生存条件的挑衅和见地。

本文旨在分析小说中的幽默和讽刺，并达到一个结论，这是简·奥斯丁的幽默和讽刺，使得它如此可读和不懈的完美组合使用。

作品生动的反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。

其社会风情画似的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者，实至今日，仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。

她是第一个现实地描绘日常平凡生活中平凡恩的小说家，在英国小说史上起了承上启下的作用。

奥斯丁的小说尽管题材比较狭窄，故事相当平淡，但是她善於在日常平凡事物中塑造鲜明的人物形象，不论是伊丽莎白、达西那种作者认为值得肯定的人物，还是魏克翰、柯林斯这类遭到讽刺挖苦的对象，都写得真实动人。

同时，奥斯丁的语言是经过锤炼的，她在对话艺术上讲究幽默、讽刺，常以风趣诙谐的语言烘托人物的性格特徵。

这种艺术创新使她的作品具有自己的特色。

傲慢与偏见正是文字魔力结合感情升华的最佳表现。

若说《红楼梦》是东方的贵妇人.《傲慢与偏见》则是西方的清秀佳人。

英美文学名篇读后感篇一英美文学名篇读后感嘿，朋友们！说起英美文学名篇，那可真是让我又爱又恨呐！就拿《简·爱》来说吧，我一开始读的时候，心里直犯嘀咕：这都啥年代的故事啦，能跟咱现在有啥关系？可当我慢慢读进去，哎呀妈呀，我被简·爱的那种坚韧和自尊给深深震撼了！也许在那个时代，女人没啥地位，可简·爱偏不，她就敢对着不公说“不”！这让我不禁想到，咱们现在有时候遇到点困难，就想打退堂鼓，跟简·爱比起来，咱是不是太怂啦？还有那《了不起的盖茨比》，我觉得吧，盖茨比这人可真傻！为了个女人，把自己折腾得死去活来的。

但是，反过来想想，可能这就是爱情的魔力？也许那种不顾一切去追求的劲儿，正是我们现在所缺少的？我就问你，要是你为了一个梦想或者一个人，能做到像盖茨比那样吗？反正我觉得我可能做不到，我可没那么大的勇气。

读这些名篇的时候，我有时候会想，这些作者咋就这么厉害，能写出这么让人又哭又笑的故事呢？他们是不是也经历过那些乱七八糟的事儿，所以才能写得这么深刻？不过话说回来，咱读这些书，到底是为了啥呢？是为了装装文化人，还是真能从中学到点啥？我觉得吧，可能两者都有那么一点儿。

总之，读英美文学名篇，就像坐过山车一样，一会儿让我兴奋，一会儿又让我沉思。

这感觉，你懂吗？篇二英美文学名篇读后感哇塞，英美文学名篇，这可真是个让人又爱又头疼的话题！先说说《傲慢与偏见》吧，一开始我还觉得伊丽莎白太矫情，达西太傲慢，这俩人凑一块能有啥好结果？可读到后面，我发现我错得离谱！他们的爱情故事，就像是一场精彩的辩论赛，你来我往，互不相让。

也许爱情就是这样，在争吵中才能更加了解彼此，不是吗？再看《老人与海》，那个老渔夫桑提亚哥，真的让我佩服得五体投地！他在大海上与鲨鱼搏斗的场景，简直让我热血沸腾。

我就在想，要是我处在他那个境地，我可能早就放弃了。

但是他没有，他一直坚持着，这难道不是一种超级英雄的精神吗？不过呢，读这些名篇的时候，我也会有疑惑。