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第一部分：听力理解（共25小题，每小题2分，共50分）Section A（共10小题）1. W: How was your weekend?M: It was great. I went hiking with my friends.Q: What did the man do last weekend?2. M: Can you help me find the nearest bank?W: Sure, it's just two blocks away.Q: Where is the nearest bank?3. W: I'm sorry, but I can't come to the party tonight.M: That's okay. There will be a lot of other people there.Q: What will the woman do tonight?4. M: I'm going to the library to study for my exams.W: Good luck! I hope you pass all of them.Q: What is the man doing?5. W: Do you think we should buy a new car?M: I think we should wait a few months and save some money.Q: What does the man suggest?6. M: I'm tired of working all day. Do you want to go to the movies? W: That sounds like a great idea. Let's go.Q: What are they planning to do?7. W: I heard that you got a promotion at work.M: Yes, I'm very happy about it. It's a great opportunity.Q: What happened to the man?8. M: How was your vacation?W: It was amazing. I went to Paris and saw the Eiffel Tower.Q: Where did the woman go on vacation?9. W: I'm sorry, but I can't finish the project on time.M: Don't worry. We can work on it together.Q: What will the man do?10. M: Do you have any plans for this weekend?W: Not yet. I'm thinking of going to the beach.Q: What does the woman want to do this weekend?Section B（共15小题）11. W: Excuse me, could you tell me where the bathroom is?M: Sure, it's down the hall and to the left.Q: Where is the bathroom?12. M: I can't believe it's already 5 o'clock. I didn't get much done today.W: Well, it's been a busy week.Q: What do we know about the day?13. W: I'm worried about my math test next week.M: Don't worry. Study hard and you'll do fine.Q: What is the man's advice?14. M: I think I lost my phone. Have you seen it anywhere?W: No, I haven't seen it. Maybe you left it at the restaurant.Q: What happened to the man's phone?15. W: I'm planning to go to China next year.M: That sounds exciting. Have you started planning your trip?Q: What is the woman planning to do?16. M: I heard that you're moving to a new house.W: Yes, we're moving to the suburbs. It's a bigger house and a quieter neighborhood.Q: Why are they moving?17. W: I can't find my wallet. Do you think I left it at the store?M: Maybe. You should check your bag.Q: What is the woman looking for?18. M: I'm sorry, but I can't come to the meeting tonight.W: That's okay. We can reschedule it for next week.Q: What will they do?19. W: I'm tired of working all the time. Do you want to go out for a drink?M: That sounds good. Let's go to the bar.Q: What are they planning to do?20. M: I heard that you got a new job.W: Yes, I started working at a new company last week.Q: What happened to the woman?21. W: I'm going to visit my grandparents this weekend.M: That sounds like a great idea. I haven't seen them in a while.Q: What is the woman planning to do?22. M: I can't believe how expensive the groceries are these days.W: I know. It's getting harder to afford everything.Q: What do we know about the groceries?23. W: I'm going to the gym tomorrow morning.M: Good for you. It's important to stay active.Q: What is the woman planning to do?24. M: I'm sorry, but I can't finish the report on time.W: Don't worry. We can work on it together.Q: What will the man do?25. W: Do you have any plans for this weekend?M: Not yet. I'm thinking of going to the beach.Q: What does the man want to do this weekend?第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题，每小题2分，共50分）Passage 1The Internet has become an integral part of our lives, providing us with access to information, entertainment, and communication. However, with this convenience comes the risk of online fraud and cybercrime. To protect ourselves, it is important to be aware of the common types of online threats and to take steps to safeguard our personal information.One of the most common types of online fraud is phishing. This involves sending emails that appear to be from legitimate sources, such as banks or online retailers, in order to trick individuals into providing their personal information. Another common threat is identity theft, where someone steals your personal information and uses it to commit fraud or open new accounts in your name.To protect yourself from these threats, it is important to be cautious when providing personal information online. Always check the URL of thewebsite before entering any sensitive information, and be wary of emails that ask for personal information. It is also important to keep your computer and software up to date to protect against malware and viruses.Questions 1-51. What is the main topic of the passage?2. What is phishing?3. How can you protect yourself from online fraud?4. Why is it important to keep your computer and software up to date?5. What is the purpose of the passage?Passage 2Traveling is one of the best ways to learn about different cultures and gain new experiences. However, it is important to be prepared before embarking on a trip to ensure that you have a safe and enjoyable experience. Here are some tips for planning a successful trip:1. Research your destination: Learn about the local customs, laws, and traditions to avoid any misunderstandings or legal issues.2. Pack wisely: Pack only what you need and make sure to bring any necessary documents, such as your passport, visa, and travel insurance.3. Stay healthy: Make sure to get any required vaccinations and to bring along any medication you may need.4. Stay safe: Keep your valuables secure and be cautious when exploring new areas.5. Plan your itinerary: Research attractions and activities in advance to make the most of your time.Questions 6-106. What is the main purpose of the passage?7. Why is it important to research your destination?8. What should you bring with you when traveling?9. What are some tips for staying safe while traveling?10. What should you do before planning your itinerary?Passage 3The impact of climate change is becoming increasingly evident around the world. Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and loss of biodiversity are just a few of the consequences of climate change. To address these challenges, it is important for individuals, communities, and governments to take action to reduce our carbon footprint and promote sustainability.One way to reduce our carbon footprint is to adopt a more sustainable lifestyle. This includes using public transportation, reducing waste, and consuming less energy. Another important step is to support policies and initiatives that promote renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Individual actions can also make a significant difference. For example, planting trees, recycling, and using energy-efficient appliances can all contribute to a healthier planet. By working together, we can create a more sustainable future for ourselves and future generations.Questions 11-1511. What is the main topic of the passage?12. What are some consequences of climate change?13. What can individuals do to reduce their carbon footprint?14. Why is it important to promote sustainability?15. What is the purpose of the passage?第三部分：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）The 21st century has brought about many changes in our lives. Technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and live. However, these changes have also brought about challenges that we need to address.One of the biggest challenges is the 16 of information. With the internet, we have access to an 17 amount of information, but it can be difficult to 18 what is 19 and what is not. This can lead to confusion and 20.Another challenge is the 21 of technology. While technology has made our lives easier, it has also created a sense of 22. Many people feel 23 by their devices, and this can lead to social isolation and other 24.To address these challenges, we need to 25 a balanced approach to technology. We should use technology to improve our lives, but we should also be 26 to its potential negative effects. Here are some tips for 27 technology:1. Limit screen time: Spend less time in front of screens and more time 28 with family and friends.2. Stay informed: Be 29 about the information you consume and 30critical thinking skills.3. Practice digital detox: Take regular breaks from technology to 31 your mind and 32 your well-being.4. Develop digital literacy: Learn how to use technology safely and responsibly.By following these tips, we can 33 the benefits of technology while minimizing its negative effects.Questions 16-3016. A. abundance B. overload C. access D. availability17. A. immense B. vast C. enormous D. significant18. A. identify B. recognize C. distinguish D. discern19. A. accurate B. true C. reliable D. valid20. A. confusion B. stress C. anxiety D. frustration21. A. impact B. influence C. effect D. influence22. A. dependence B. addiction C. obsession D. reliance23. A. overwhelmed B. exhausted C. tired D. fatigued24. A. issues B. problems C. challenges D. difficulties25. A. adopt B. adopt C. adopt D. adopt26. A. aware B. conscious C. mindful D. cautious27. A. managing B. controlling C. using D. dealing28. A. interacting B. communicating C. connecting D. engaging29. A. aware B. conscious C. mindful D. cautious30. A. develop B. improve C. enhance D. strengthen31. A. relax B. unwind C. refresh D. rejuvenate32. A. improve B. enhance C. boost D. strengthen33. A. maximize B. utilize C. optimize D. exploit第四部分：短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）On the first day of school, I arrived at my new classroom and noticed that the teacher was Mr. Smith. He looked friendly and I felt a little nervous. Mr. Smith welcomed us and explained the rules of the class. He also introduced us to our classmates and told us that we would be working in groups for our projects.During the break, I saw a group of students playing chess. I was curious and decided to join them. We played for a while and had a great time. After the break, we had a math test. I was not very good at math, but I tried my best. When the test was over, Mr. Smith corrected our papers and gave us our grades.The next day, I felt more confident and ready for the challenges ahead.I was looking forward to learning from Mr. Smith and making new friends.1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________7. __________8. __________9. __________10. __________第五部分：书面表达（共1题，25分）Write an email to your friend, telling them about your recent trip to a new city. Include the following points:1. The city you visited and why you chose it.2. Your first impression of the city.3. Some interesting places you visited and what you did there.4. The people you met and your interactions with them.5. Your overall impression of the city and whether you would like to visit again.Remember to write in an appropriate and friendly tone.。
2019届上海市静安区高三二模考试英语学科试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
I Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When Jennifer Lawrence tripped on her way to accept her best actress Oscar one year, her pink princess-like Dior dress ____21____(capture) in all its glory. The unscripted moment became hot topic throughout social media.That bonus air-time for a single dress at one of the worlds global events is priceless for the likes of Dior, one of the ____22____(influential) fashion houses in the luxury marketplace.Success on the red carpet can earn exposure and profits for luxury brands for years____23____(come). The red carpet, which will be televised live before Academy Award ceremony, presents a great opportunity for a designer to reach an audience that expands ____24____the fashion setting. The Lawrence dress received about 40 million mentions on various social media.One way of estimating the monetary benefits of having a standout dress on the red carpet is to compare how much a brand would otherwise spend on commercial advertising during the same time. ____25____Lawrence had only 75 seconds of solo camera time for her Oscar acceptance speech, Dior had to pay more than $4 million for a commercial spot of the same duration on similar occasions. And this didn't include the time ____26____(devote) to Lawrence and her dress on the pre-show televised red carpet. Lawrence, 23, had an advertising contract with Dior. ____27____the group’s deal with Lawrence affected its sales was clearly stated in its annual financial report. That year, the group clothing section’s profits ____28____(total) 165 million euros, up 26 percent from the previous year.Heston, the founder of a publicity firm, ____29____success stories include introducing Jimmy Choo shoes and designer Saab to Hollywood, believes that the Oscar red carpet is today dominated by established luxury brands. Finding it much more difficult to compete with big brand names to dress super stars on big events, many young designers turn to _____30_____(bet) on promising rising stars, expecting an overnight success if the young stars rise to sudden fame.【答案】21. was captured22. most influential23. to come24. beyond 25. Although26. devoted27. How 28. totaled29. whose 30. bettingSection B.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.For several decades, various types of artificial intelligence kept shocking the world. Robots could ____31____ people in highly competitive games and then quickly destroyed their human competitors.AI long ago mastered chess, the Chinese board game Go and even the Rubik's cube, which it managed to solve in just 0.38 second.Now machines have a new game that will allow them to ____32____ humans: Jenga, the popular game in which players ____33____remove pieces from an increasingly unstable tower of 54 blocks, placing each one on top until the entire structure would ____34____.A newly released video from MIT shows a robot developed by the school’s engineers playing the game with surprising accuracy. The machine is equipped with a soft gripper(夹子), a force-sensing wrist and an external camera, allowing the robot to detect the tower’s ____35____ the way a human might doUnlike in purely recognitive tasks or games such as chess or Go, playing the game of Jenga also requires mastery of physical acts such as pushing, pulling, placing, and arranging pieces. It must ____36____ interactive physical operation, where you have to touch the tower to learnhow and when to move blocks.Imitating it is rather difficult, so the robot has to learn in the real world, by working with the real Jenga tower. Recently, a relevant research was published in the journal Science Robotics. Researchers say the robot demonstrates that machines can learn how to perform certain tasks through actual touching instead of relying heavily on visual ____37____. That physical ____38____ is significant, researchers say, because it provides further proof that robots can be used to perform ____39____ tasks, such as separating recyclable objects from landfill trash and assembling consumer products.In a cellphone assembly line, the felling of any component is coming from force and touch rather than vision. To become an accomplished Jenga player, the robot did not require as much repetitive practice as you might imagine. Hoping to avoid reconstructing a Jenga tower thousands of times, researchers developed a method that allowed the robot to be trained on about 300 games. Researchers say the robot has already begun facing off against humans, who remain _____40_____ players—for now.【答案】31. I. 32. D33. B 34. K35. E 36. A37. J 38. F39. C 40. GIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A(15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly ___41___ in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic ___42___ such as hard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the ___43___ to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in the country’s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have ___44___ prices. When the government have to step in and ___45___ the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under ___46___ natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is ___47___ over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality ___48___ also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers ___49___ plows or harvesters. One farmer can manage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists _____50_____ it. Computers track farm operations, and even _____51_____ technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control, _____52_____. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often _____53_____ the general economy. When negative factors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n) _____54_____ situation. The government responded with _____55_____ agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.41. A. valued B. accessed C. implemented D. illustrated42. A. regulations B. virtues C. obligations D. requirements43. A. shortcut B. implication C. reward D. substitute44. A. maintained B. margined C. depressed D. refunded45. A. take over B. cover up for C. come up with D. smooth out46. A. varied B. favorable C. extreme D. visible47. A. moderate B. predictable C. timely D. acid48. A. labor B. investment C. chemical D. landscape49. A. complicated B. flexible C. accessible D. executive50. A. criticize B. recall C. evaluate D. identify51. A. medical B. mobile C. space D. process52. A. for example B. in all C. however D. additionally53. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. reduced to D. applied to54. A. vague B. desperate C. isolated D. feasible55. A. struggling B. traditional C. sweeping D. permanent【答案】41. A 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. A 49. A 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. CSection B(24分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)After some blood tests, Dr Stubs stood before me, a tall man, but short on personality and sporting a cold expression. You have systemic lupus. he said matter-of-factly."Lupus, "he continued, "is an auto-immune disease and ….” I remember certain details but mostly I remember him talking about children. “Children are no harm. But c hildbirth would jumpstart additional symptoms that could be life threatening. You already have two kids anyway.”As I got up to leave, shaken and drained, he said his parting words, “I would discourage any further research. There is no cure and nothing can prevent its progression.”Still, I did research lupus and its symptoms tiredness and joint pain—were both consistent with what I was experiencing. And eventually some major organs could be affected, causing shutdown and possibly death.I studied and found out that echinacea had a record in making immune system stronger. I decided that along with the plant I would strengthen my mindset by immersing myself in my family with my one-year-old son and three-year-old daughter.After another visit, I decided never to go back to Dr. Stubs. How could one endure repeatedly hear desperately words coming from an emotionless mouth even though they were truth? The years passed. When I would feel tired and achy I pulled support from my children and their laughter.Finally, after eight years, I went to Dr. Kirstein who was recommended by a friend. She stood there holding my hand and looking into my eyes warmly."So, let’s talk a little.”Instantly my defenses were down. Before I knew it, she had me running on and on about my children, my husband, my life and dreams. I told her about all the meaningful activities I was involved in, those things I might have never done without the disease.After several follow-up tests, and greater research into my family history, Dr. Kirstein came to conclusive answer. I did not have systemic lupus. There must be something wrong with the initial tests 8 years before.I didn't know whether I should jump for joy or scream because I had been living the last eight years in fear of a fatal disease. But then I realized that I had been living every day, not so much in fear, but happiness Even day was a gift and I knew it.56. Dr. Strubs warned the author against having more children because _____.A. The process of giving birth put her life in danger.B. Taking care of children will gradually worsen her disease.C. Her disease will threaten the health of her children.D. She already has enough children.57. Why did the author stop seeing doctor Strubs after two visits? .A. Because she not qualified to treat her disease.B. Because he recommended Dr.Kirkstein to her.C. Because his cold attitude upset the author.D. Because she suspected his diagnosis about her disease.58. How did the author deal with the disease?A. She calmly waited for major organs to shut down.B. she took effective medicine regularly to fight the disease.C. She turned to Dr. Kirstein to get cure for the diseaseD. She tried to strengthen immune system and drew strength from family.59. Why did the author think every day in the past 8 years was a gift?A. Because systemic lupus was no longer a deadly disease.B. Because she made every day valuable in spite of diseaseC. Because she received a gift every day from her familyD. Because she only occasionally felt pain and tiredness.【答案】56. A 57. C 58. D 59. B(B)While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink(臭气)too.Vulture(秃鸳)Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressor's eyes and face.Opossum(负鼠)In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become “dead", they don’t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won't move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed.Hoatzin(磨雉)Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it's the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the “stink birdMillipedes (千足虫)Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.Sea Hare(海兔)The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it's not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.Researchers using lobsters(2-f)as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobstersreceptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don't know how appealing it is.60. The sea hare defends itself from predators by ____.A. becoming plain in taste at the discovery of a predatorB. giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predatorsC. releasing substance to make predators unable to smell itD. giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away.61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.B. The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.C. The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nick-named as “stink birdD. The gas released by millipede was basically harmless62. The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism is____.A. vultureB. opossumC. millipedeD. sea hare【答案】60. C 61. B 62. C(C)ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20-foot-high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities,then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.Among the most surprising discoveries was a large stone complex now called La Cuemavilla. Built on a steep ridge, the heavily fortified site included high walls. Moats which serves as the largest defensive system ever discovered in the region.This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized. But the fortifications were seeing suggest an elevated level of antagonism over centuries. Rulers were so deeply alarmed that they felt the need to invest in all these hilltop fortifications. There is an almost visible sense of fear inthis landscape.All these findings owe credit to PACUNAM LIDAR Initiative, a laser survey of some 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Using revolutionary Laser technology, the survey revealed the long-hidden ruins of a sprawling pre-Columbian civilization that was far more complex and interconnected than most Maya specialists had supposed.Guided by the new Laser treasure maps, the LIDAR team deployed through the jungle over the past year to conduct hands-on investigations of more than a dozen of the most promising sites-most of which would have been imperceptible without LIDAR."You could walk over the top of a major ruin and miss it, "says an archaeologist who's part of the PACUNA project. But LIDAR picks up the patterns and makes the features pop out with surprising clarity.Three-dimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at least four times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.Archaeologists stress that LIDAR, for all its utility, will never see below the ground or yield d irect dates of occupation. “we still need to dig and hack our way through the jungle, but now we have a very accurate map to guide us.63. How did people think of Maya before the discovery of the defense ruins?A. It was the most advanced civilization in the history of mankind.B. It was long under the threat of large-scale warsC. Its rise and decline were under way peacefullyD. It was finally destroyed by a large-scale war64. The underlined word antagonism is closest in meaning to ____.A. miseryB. revolutionC. population decreaseD. opposition65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The military mechanism found in La Cuemavilla was intended for occupying more lands.B. The new laser technology was mainly used to enlarge the original site size.C. The LIDAR helps to avoid the traditional digging task in site exploration.D. The Tikal site was found to be protected by certain defense works66. The passage is mainly about ____.A. people' s long-time misunderstanding of Maya civilization.B. discovery of Maya military works aided by new explore technologyC. the finding of a big warfare resulting in the disappearance of Maya civilizationD. The various advantages of new technologies in the field of archaeology.【答案】63. C 64. D 65. D 66. BSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Recently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a Jaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ___67___Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage."Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ___68___ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Getting likes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most excitingversions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ___69___People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must b e killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ___70___with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.A. The animals, to some extent, become tools to us.B. Although violence against zoo animals is often reported, the issue of animal welfare has aroused little attention recently.C. By taking a selfie, you show that you're part of that experience.D. The comparison between caged animals and wild ones are appealing to people.E. Similar incidents are a regular occurrence in natural settings.F. The common factor is that some people are not respecting animal.【答案】67. E 68. A69. C 70. FIV Summary Writing71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words, Use your own words as far as possible.Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worriedthat they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________【答案】Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. The responsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about ad ditional workload on colleagues.The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.第Ⅱ卷(共40分)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 暴饮暴食被一些人认为是缓解工作压力的手段。
2023年上海市静安区高考二模英语试题(解析版)一、听力理解 (共20小题，每小题1分，共计20分)1. A) They will have to take a later train.B) The train is going to arrive on time.C) They can still catch the train if they hurry.D) The train has been delayed.2. A) Go to a different café.B) Find a quieter place.C) Order a different kind of coffee.D) Switch to decaffeinated coffee.3. A) She lost her luggage at the airport.B) Her luggage is too heavy to carry.C) She didn't find her luggage in the car.D) She forgot to bring her luggage.4. A) The bookstore is crowded with people.B) The bookstore has lots of good books.D) The man suggests the woman read a book review.5. A) She has forgotten to return a book.B) She needs to buy some new books.C) She wants the man to borrow the book for her.D) She has already read all the books in the library.....20. A) Travel to Denmark for vacation.B) Teach a course on sustainable development.C) Participate in a workshop on climate change.D) Take a job offer in a different country.二、阅读理解 (共15小题，每小题2分，共计30分)阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
2023届上海市静安区高三二模英语试卷 （含听力）一、听力选择题1. What does the man mean?A．He also thought the lecture was boring.B．He enjoyed the lecture the whole time.C．The lecture lasted more than an hour.2. How will the woman get home?A．By taxi B．By car.C．By bus.3. Where does this conversation probably take place?A．In a school.B．In a hospital.C．At home.4.A．Go to a play.B．Meet Janet.C．Book some tickets.D．Have a get-together.5. What is the man doing?A．Placing an order.B．Learning to cook.C．Paying the bill.二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why does the man give up playing soccer?A．The weather is bad.B．The park is closed.C．He has to attend a wedding.2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A．Friends.B．Brother and sister.C．Husband and wife.7. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why was the boy a bit nervous?A．He is a newcomer to the school.B．He has to give a speech in public.C．He hasn't prepared for his lessons.2. What should the students do before morning reading?A．Do morning exercises.B．Hand in homework.C．Have some bread.3. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?A．Mother and son.B．New classmates.C．Colleagues.8. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
上海市静安区2021届高三二模英语试题（含听力）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、短对话1．How does the man go shopping?A．By going on foot. B．By getting a ride in the woman’s car. C．By driving his car. D．By shopping online.2．What does the man mean?A．Physics is a subject that not everyone can learn well.B．The physics teacher’s way of teaching isn’t effective.C．The physics teacher makes abstract concepts easier.D．The physics teacher explains complicated theories through examples.3．What’s the possi ble relationship between the two speakers?A．Painter and art dealer. B．Waiter and customer.C．Car salesperson and customer. D．Engineer and boss.4．What is true about the woman?A．She works in the hospital.B．She rarely pays attention to her tooth health.C．She has got a terrible blood test report.D．There’s nothing wrong with her body.5．Why was the woman angry?A．Because the man didn’t like the dinner she prepared.B．Because the dinner she prepared was wasted.C．Because the man always worked overtime.D．Because the man always skipped dinner.6．How many pills should the man’s son take?A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4. 7．Why does the man look terrible?A．The bad news saddened him.B．He had a terrible cold.C．He was affected by the weather.D．He was criticized by somebody.8．What does the man mean?A．He doesn’t have enough time for the party.B．He is desperate because he doesn’t have ideas for the paper.C．He is eager to go to the party.D．He finds the party boring.9．What does the woman mean?A．She doesn’t enjoy reading.B．She finds it hard to find time for reading.C．She uses a different method to read books.D．Audio books are popular among workers.10．What does the man mean?A．The food of the restaurant isn’t worth the fame it gets.B．It’s almost impossible to dine at the restaurant tonight.C．He has booked a table at the restaurant beforehand.D．He is not fond of French food very much.二、短文听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。
2022届上海市静安区高考二模英语试题(5)一、听力选择题1. What’s the woman’s excuse?A．She was ill.B．She forgot it.C．She saw his uncle off.2. What are the characters on the lanterns?A．Riddles.B．Poems.C．Figures.3. Why did the girl run into the man?A．She was much too clumsy.B．She was focusing on her phone.C．She was walking too fast.4. Where did the woman go first?A．The post office.B．Her friend’s home.C．The supermarket5. What do we know about the man?A．He is homesick.B．He will go home by plane.C．He is expecting the holidays.二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What day is it today probably?A．Monday.B．Tuesday.C．Sunday.2. Why does the man refuse to go to the museum?A．He has been there.B．He is going to meet Jackie.C．He will go to the tennis club.7. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What are the two speakers mainly discussing?A．Studying for an exam.B．A computer game the man is playing.C．Visiting a close friend of theirs.D．A class presentation they’re preparing.2. Why is the man using the computer when the woman enters?A．He’s already finished studying.B．He’s taking an online biology test.C．He’s taking a break from studying.D．He’s searching for some information.3. How does the man feel when the woman wants to study with him?A．Excited.B．Surprised.C．Frustrated.D．Embarrassed.4. Why doesn’t the man want the woman to call Elizabeth right now?A．He owed her a favor.B．He heard she did poorly on the last test.C．He’d rather study on his own.D．He hates to bother her late in the evening.8. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
上海市部分区2024届高三二模英语试题汇编六选四2024届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2014. As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was “paying her dues,”and that “there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew. ”67 Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions ona shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties (惩罚) that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person’s individual circumstances. 68 They can affect a person’s ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all, more than 45, 000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life. Some laws make senses. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia (恋童癖) work in a school. 69 Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive (适得其反), since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding. A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. 70 .The point isn’t to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it i s to recognize that in America’s vast criminal justice system, and second chances are crucial. It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.2024届上海市徐汇区高三二模考试英语试题Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceAstronomers are eagerly anticipating a celestial (天体的) event that promises to be a once-in-a-lifetime sight: the appearance of a "new star" in the night sky, expected to occur sometime between now and September, as reported by NASA. This event, known as a nova (新星), is projected to take place within the T Coronae Borealis system, nestled in the constellation(星座) Corona Borealis, situated between the Boötes and Hercules constellations.In contrast to the explosive demise of a massive star seen in a supernova, a nova is characterized by a sudden, brief explosion originating from a collapsed star, specifically a white dwarf. The T Coronae Borealis system is affectionately called the "Blaze Star." (67) _______________________ These stars orbit closely enough to interact violently, leading to periodic explosive events, with the last eruption observed in 1946.(68) _______________________ Over time, the red giant becomes increasingly unstable, shedding its outer layers onto the white dwarf. This exchange of matter eventually triggers a "runaway thermonuclear reaction," resulting in the nova phenomenon, according to NASA.While the precise timing of the upcoming nova event remains uncertain, astronomers are closely monitoring the T Coronae Borealis system, which has been dimming since March of the previous year. William J. Cooke, lead of NASA's Meteoroid Environments Office, notes that while most novae occur unexpectedly, T Coronae Borealis is one of the 10 recurring novae in the galaxy, offering some predictability to its eruptions.Located approximately 3,000 light-years away from Earth, the T Coronae Borealis system is typically too faint to be seen with the naked eye. (69) _______________________Once the nova reaches its peak brightness, it will appear as if a new star has emerged in the night sky, remaining visible for a few days without any equipment and slightly over a week with binoculars before gradually fading from view over the course of about 80 years.(70) _______________________ As an effective observing approach, they provide valuable insights into the dynamics of recurrent novae and the processes occurring within these stellar systems.The NASA Universe account on X will provide regular updates on the nova event, allowing enthusiasts and researchers alike to stay informed about this captivating astronomical phenomenon. Reflecting on past experiences, including witnessing the 1975 Nova Cygni, which inspired his career in astronomy, Cooke underscores the significance of these celestial events in shaping our understanding of the cosmos.2024届上海市上海市闵行区高三二模英语试题Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Childhood Media Shaping FuturesMuch of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house. 67 It shapes our dreams and fears and even drives us to future careers.68 Older children may have had a lot more restrictions, like TV shows, movies, and social media access. And because of these, they were able to be a child for longer compared to their siblings (兄弟姐妹). Ch ildren who have older siblings tend to show more mature tendencies and can appear to “grow up quicker” than other children their age.While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages. 69 9Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning.As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature?” or are we o verexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences?In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives. 70Striking a balance between media exposure and mental well-being is essential fo r our growth in today’s media-rich world.2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceTime to end Santa’s ‘naughty list’?Many of us have magical memories of Santa secretly bringing gifts and joy to our childhood homes — but is there a darker side to the beloved Christmas tradition?I was —and I’m happy to admit it — a loyal believer of Santa. I absolutely loved the magic of Christmas, especially Santa Claus, and my parents went above and beyond to encourage it. However, as I begin to construct my own Santa Claus myth for my daughter, I can’t help but feel guilty. Could it undermine her trust in me?__67__ Back in 1978, a study published in the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry(矫正精神医学) found that 85% of four-year-olds said they believed in Santa. In 2011, research published in the Journal of Cognition and Development found that 83% of 5-year-olds claimed to be true believers.I guess it’s not all that surprising. __68__ He features in every Christmas TV show and movie. Each year the North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD) allows you to track Santa’s journey on Christmas Eve. To reassure children during the pandemic in 2020, the World Health Organization issued a statement declaring that Santa was “immune” from Covid 19. And it’s precisely this effort on behalf of parents, and society in general, to create such seemingly overwhelming evidence for the existence of Santa Claus that David Kyle Johnson, a professor of philosophy at King’s College in Pennsylvania, describes as ‘The Santa Lie’ in his book The Myths That Stole Christmas. He highlights how we don’t simply ask children to imagine Santa, but rather to actually believe in him. __69__The ‘Santa lie’ can reduce trust between a parent and a child. __70__ It is the creation of false evidence and convincing kids that bad evidence is in fact good evidence that discourages the kind of critical thinking we should be encouraging in children in this era. “The ‘Santa lie’ is part of a parenting practice that encourages people to believe what they want to believe, simply because of the psychological reward,” says Johnson. “That’s really bad for society in general.”2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题Section CDirections:Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What motivates you to work or study harder? Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you? _____67_____ But is one better than the other?A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. As is so often the case, it’s complicated. They fou nd that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. _____68_____ It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if students are disengaged and don’t care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them.Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure. It’s a fac t that most new companies will fail. _____69_____ The personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it can lead to increased procrastination as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would be best for the business. If someone is less confident about their business idea, then they may find their decision-making negatively affected by their fears._____70_____ It can drive confident people to do better, but it can also increase our doubts and turn them into barriers.参考答案2024届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷Section C 评分标准：每小题2分。
一、听力选择题二、听力选择题1. 听下面句子。
从所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出你所听到的单词或短语。
A ．displayB ．disappearC ．disaster2.A ．Discouraged.B ．AnnoyedC ．ImpressedD ．Disturbed.3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A ．At school.B ．In a post office.C ．At a clothing store.4. What does the man want to get?A ．A tennis.B ．A table.C ．Tap water.5. What surprises the man about the cat?A ．That it can eat lots of cat food.B ．That it can lock a door with a key.C ．That it can open the kitchen door.6. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.A ．The theme is too hard to understand.B ．The sound is too frightening.C ．The opening images are too violent.D ．The language is unacceptable.2.A ．The dialect.B ．The conversation.C ．The background.D ．The plot.3.A ．It makes the book unusual.B ．It makes the characters vivid.C ．It makes the dialogues humorous.D ．It makes the book easy to read.4.A ．The film is officially prohibited to children because of violence in it.B ．The woman finds that the film is more interesting than the book.C ．The man believes the film is fairly priced and recommends seeing it.D ．The man has negative comments both on the book and the film.7. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
上海市静安区高三二模英语试卷随着2017高考的结束，2018的学生也进入了高三的学习，学生在复习的时候，需要多做题，下面的我将为大家带来关于上海二模的英语试卷的介绍，希望能够帮助到大家。
分析第I卷 (共103分)Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.A. The traffic is too heavy.B. He cant get up that early.C. There is no bus that early.D. He is always late.2. A. In her office. B. At home. C. In a call box. D. In a supermarket.3. A. Swimming. B. Tennis. C. Skiing. D. Running.4. A. Tuesday morning. B. Tuesday afternoon.C. Wednesday morning.D. Wednesday afternoon.5. A. They will meet Mike on the way . B. They will have an early start.C. Mike is usually late.D. Mike may not come tomorrow.6. A. He enjoyed food there. B. The place was beautiful.C. He saw fireworks.D. He met an old friend.7. A. To call Sam. B. To make her address book tidy.C. To buy a new mobile phone.D. To go out with the man.8. A. Jane is going to be an accountant. B. Jane is eager to go home for the vacation.C. Jane wont spend the summer at home.D. Jane is already on her way home.9. A. The neighbor shouldnt decorate the house.B. The neighbor shouldnt sleep early.C. The neighbor should not make noises at night.D. The neighbor should move out.10. A. Things in France are really cheap.B. Things in France are not cheap as are expected.C. Things in France are the most expensive in the world.D. Things in France are cheaper than in US.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, andyou will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She sat back and relaxed. B. She decided to retire.C. She entered university.D. She worked out a new English program.12. A. Bring a great deal of useful experience to the university.B. Improve human relationships in the university.C. Bring a fear of aging among young students on the campus.D. Improve the reputation of the university.13. A. English and drama. B. How to make sound judgments.C. How to teach minority students.D. To observe, not to judge. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. A natural disaster. B. A power failure.C. Homeless farmers.D. A serious accident.15. A. Jews and some Arabs. B. Arabs and North Africans.C. Jews and North Africans.D. North Americans and some Arabs.16. A. Exchange them for banks. B. Save them for travelers.C. Collect them for poor children.D. Spend them on duty-free goods.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks l7 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Summers with Father The boys opinion on the summers with his father: __17__. The cause of the boys taking summer courses: Their father thought he __18__ the part of their education. The boys summer courses included: __19__history and navigation. The goal of the boys voyage: Towards an __20__.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers? __21__. What does Mrs. Sutton inquire about? __22__ in England. What does Mr. Shaw advise Mrs. Sutton to do first? To find a family doctor and __23__ him or her. How far is Dr. Joness health center from their place? __24__.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )Is It Safe to Fly With an Infant on Your Lap?Federal (联邦的) transportation safety officials are using the deadly crash of an overloaded plane in Montana to restore (25) ______________ long-standing debate about whether small children should be allowed to travel on the laps (大腿部) of adults.The 10-seater plane crashed as it (26) ______________( land ) in Butte in March 2009, killing all 14 people aboard, including seven children. Investigators say that several of the children were found far from the plane, suggesting that they werent properly restrained. The National Transportation Safety Board is asking regulators to require all passengers to have their own seats and seat belts, including children under the age of 2,who(27) ______________ ( allow ) to sit on an adults lap now.The crash was so severe that its unlikely anybody would have survived even with proper restraints, (28) ______________ the "accident renews the NTSBs longstanding concerns" about therestraints, the recommendation reads.The FAA (联邦航空局) agrees that the safest place for a child on a flight is in a seat using an(29) ______________ ( approve ) child restraint and not on an adults lap. But the FAA wont make it a requirement because the agency believes many families with small children wouldnt pay the cost of an extra ticket, and instead would travel by highway, which statistically is much more dangerous than air travel.Last decade, the FAA considered(30) ______________( change ) the rule, but decided against it, (31) ______________ ( refer ) to statistics (统计数字) from 2004 showing nearly 43,000 people died on U.S. highways, compared to 13 on commercial flights."What we found was (32) ______________ there were some parents who would be sensitive to price and they would choose to drive instead of fly," FAA spokeswoman Alison Duquette said. "We would be forcing them into automobiles, which are less safe."( B )Computers and GirlsThe girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of (33)______________ the researchers call a major new gender gap intechnology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Women says, "Girls tend to be (34) ______________ ( comfortable ) than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which (35) ______________( understand) information."After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University Women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls constantly rate (36) ______________ significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys (37) ______________ the classroom. The instructor of this computer lab says hes already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, "Boys are not so afraid that they might do something that will harm the computer, (38) ______________girls are afraid they might break it somehow."The software company Purple Moon says it has found what girls want --- characters they can relate to and story lines relative to whats going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, "What we have definitely found from girls is that there is no essential reason (39) ______________ they wouldnt want to playon a computer; it was just a content thing."The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this --- the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys (40) ______________ be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the 21st century.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientific breakthroughs mean that life expectancy continues to rise every year. But the medical advances which now make it possible to think about living to a very great age --- if not forever --- also raise profound practical and ethical issues.Is immortality (永生) a realistic __41__?Not for the foreseeable future. In last years Reith lectures, the gerontologist (老年病学家) Professor Tom Kirkwood firmly quashed (打消) the idea that genetic engineering might result in some kind of "fountain of youth". Considering how __42__slow the battles against cancer, heart disease and strokes have been, he said, it is fanciful to imagine that we could conquer death. On the other hand, scientists do now understand more about why we age, and what can be done to slow down the process. "Our ancestral genes placedlimited __43__on long-term maintenance and repair," says Kirkwood. "Ageing comes about through the gradual build-up of __44__ faults in the cells and tissues of our bodies, not as the result of some active mechanism for death and destruction." The __45__ , then, is to help the body repair the damage done by wear and tear.How can that be done?In many different ways, some of which are already pretty common. Organ transplants from pigs and monkeys are now old news --- the American politician Jesse Helms has just had a ten-year-old pig valve (瓣膜) in his heart __46__. Doctors have succeeded in__47__computerized implants directly to nerve fibres, allowing the deaf to hear, and there is hope that electrodes (电极) planted in the brain may soon offer hope for the blind to see. But the real __48__at the moment lies in the field of stem cells --- special cells that allow lizards (蜥蜴) to grow new tails and humans to grow new skin over __49__cuts. If scientists can learn how to control these cells, they could be used to reproduce parts of the body that are __50__.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with theword or phrase that best fits the context.Since Alzheimers disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinsons disease (帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention.Alzheimers DiseaseMany people imagine that Alzheimers disease, the degenerative (退化的) disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are soill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as "Alzheimers ". Alzheimers disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during an autopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease. The causes of Alzheimers are unknown. They may be either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.__57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins,it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimers and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimers. This is because a high level aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go. Parkinsons DiseaseParkinsons disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system which __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous systems control of muscle activity. Parkinsons Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimers disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Parkinsons disease. Medications such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur.51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particularly65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reducedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )The stylistic innovation in painting known as Impressionism began in the 1870s. The Impressionists wanted to depict (描绘) what they saw in nature, but they were inspired to portray incomplete moments by the increasingly fast pace of modern life. They concentrated on the play of light over objects, people, and nature, breaking up seemingly solid surfaces, stressing vivid contrast between colors in sunlight and shade, and depiction reflected light in all of its possibilities. Unlike earlier artists, they did not want to observe the world from indoors. They abandoned the studio, painting in the open air and recording spontaneous(自然的)impressions of their subjects instead of making outside sketches and then moving indoors to complete the work from memory.Some of the impressionists painting methods were affected by technological advances. For example, the shift from the studio to the open air was made possible in part by the arrival of cheap rail travel, which permitted easy and quick access to the countryside or seashore, as well as by newly developed chemical dyes and oils that led to folding paint tubes, which enabled artists to finish their paintings on the spot.Impressionism acquired its name not from supporters but from angry art lovers who felt threatened by the new painting. The term "Impressionism" was born in 1874, when a group of artists who had been working together organized an exhibition of their paintings in order to draw public attention to their work. Reaction from the public and press was immediate, and derisive (嘲笑的). Among the 165 paintings exhibited was one called Impression: Sunrise, by Claude Monet (1840-1926).Viewed through hostile eyes, Monets painting of a rising sun over a misty, watery scene seemed messy, hurried, and an insult to good taste. Borrowing Monets title, art critics extended the term "Impressionism" to the entire exhibit. In response, Monet and his 29 fellow artists in the exhibit adopted the same name as a symbol of their unity, despite individual differences. From then until 1886 Impressionism had all the enthusiasm for a "church", as the painter Renoir put it. Monet wasfaithful to the Impressionist belief until his death, although many of the others moved on to new styles.66. Which of the following was one of the distinguishing characteristics of Impressionist painting according to the passage?A. The emphasis on people rather than nature scenes.B. The way the subjects were presented from multiple angles.C. The focus on small solid objects.D. The depiction of the effects of light and color.67. The exhibition of paintings organized in 1874 resulted in all of the following EXCEPT___________.A. attracting attention from the publicB. a negative reaction from the pressC. an immediate demand for the paintings exhibitedD. creating a name for a new style of painting68. Which of the following caused the rejection of the impressionist exhibition?A. The small number of paintings on display.B. Lack of interest in exhibitions by young artists.C. The similarity between all the paintings exhibited.D. Anger about seemingly poorly painted art.69. What aspect of painting in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?A. The impact of some artists resistance to the fast pace of life.B. The differences between two major styles of art.C. A technological advance in the materials used by artists.D. A group of artists with a new technique and approach to art. ( B )70. Which of the following is correct according to the web page? Athletes and teams are battling for 42 places in qualifying competitions.Qualification can be achieved according to the world rankings of the athletes.All qualified athletes who have earned places will be sent to the Rio Olympics.The qualification system for football is determined by IOC.71. When you click on the sports, you will probably read the following information EXCEPT ___________.the Olympic qualification system for each of the 42 sportsthe list of the countries that have qualified for the Olympics the official release of the qualifying competitions resultsthe world rankings of the athletes in previous years72. Which of the following about "a quota place for the Olympics" is NOT correct?Each nation must earn a quota place to send athletes to the OlympicGames.It is possible that unplaced athletes will win quota places for the Olympic Games.A quota place guarantees the athlete who earns it will be competing in the Olympic Games.Each National Olympic Committee makes the final decision on which athlete to fill the quota.( C )The Federal Communications Commission (联邦通讯委员会) (FCC) Chairman Kevin Martin just relaunched the formal review of media ownership rules. The agencys "Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking," issued July 25, is vague, but its intention is clear: to let a few giant media corporations swallow up more local television channels, radio stations and newspapers in a single market. Martins main target is the ban on "newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership" that prohibits one company from owning the major daily newspaper as well as radio and TV stations in the same area. Hed also like to allow one company to own more than one TV station in smaller markets, and more than two in the largest cities. A few powerful firms in major cities have won waivers (弃权) to the ban, or at least delays on enforcement, but those are the exceptions. That Dj vu youre feeling is because the FCC tried to push throughthe same rule changes in 2003 under then-Chairman Michael Powell. In response, millions of people --- encouraged by groups such as the National Rifle Assn. and the National Organization for Women --- contacted the FCC and Congress to voice their opposition. The FCC approved the rule changes anyway, only to see them nearly overturned by Congress and then rejected by the courts. Despite the overwhelming public opposition, Martins latest attempt to eliminate cross-ownership rules is driven by the massive lobbying (游说) of a cartel (企业联盟) of second-tier big media companies specializing in newspaper and broadcast station ownership, such as Gannett, Media General and Tribune. Their motive is bigger profits.But whats good for Big Medias bottom line isnt always good for the rest of us. The first victim of "media company towns" would be journalism. When one firm owns most of a citys news outlets, who needs a bunch of competing newsrooms? Investigative reporting and extensive local coverage requires a costly staff. Its far cheaper to syndicate (出售给多个媒体) fare from headquarters than to support a diversity of local voices. If your readers and viewers dont like it, where else are they going to go?Once the big chains start selling and exchanging their properties to build up larger fiefdoms (地盘),the already declining number of independent and minority owners will be further squeezed out. Today,just one in five daily newspapers is owned by individuals or companies that dont own any other newspapers. According to the most recent FCC data, fewer than 4% of radio stations and 2% of TV stations are owned by minorities.Industry and Wall Street publicity says local media cant compete without further consolidation (整合). Yet media companies already enjoy higher profit margins than most industries. They say we must deregulate (解除控制). But radio and TV station ownership is by definition regulated --- these are the public airwaves and there are only so many channels available in a community. The only question is on whose behalf will Washington make the rules: major media companies or the public?73. The rule on "newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership" intends to ___________.A. prevent companies from owning both television and radio stationsB. limit a company from owning more than one television stationC. replace giant media corporations with media company townsD. protect local voices, vigorous competition and diverse viewpoints74. Which of the following will probably happen if the FCCs rule changes are approved?A. The government will completely dominate public speech.B. The public will voice their strong opposition to Congress.C. The number of radios and TV stations will decline sharply.D. The local media competition will be almost eliminated.75. "Dj vu"( Line l, Paragraph 2 ) probably means a feeling that___________.A. a new situation has occurred beforeB. a familiar situation becomes unfamiliarC. the situation has run out of controlD. the situation is better than expected76. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. The former chairman of the FCC ignored public opinion with a risk.B. A company is forbidden to own more than one newspaper.C. The local news outlets are controlled by independent companies.D. Media industry used to be an unprofitable industry.77. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Can We Hear More Local Voices?B. Do We Really Want Big Media to Get Even Bigger?C. How Will FCCs Action Affect Consumers?D. How Will Washington Make Media Ownership Rules?Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Employers in some unlikely places say theyre having trouble filling jobs. Factory managers in Ho Chi Minh city report many of their $62-a-month workers went home for the Tet (越南春节)holiday in February and never came back. In Bulgaria, computer experts are in such demand that they cant be bothered to answer the want ads of a Los Angeles movie studio. And in Peoria, Caterpillar Inc. is struggling to train enough service technicians. The problem in each case: not enough people who are both able and willing to do the work for the posted pay. "Weve got a global problem and its going to continue to get worse," says Stephen Hitch, a human resources manager at Caterpillar.A global labor shortage, already being felt by some employers, appears to have worsened in recent months. Thats in spite of widely publicized layoffs, including Citigroups plans to dismiss as many as 15,000 staff. In fact, U. S. unemployment remains low --- just 4.5% in February --- and even companies in countries with higher jobless rates are feeling under great pressure. "Its not just a U. S. phenomenon," says Jeffery A. Joerres, CEO of Manpower Inc., the staffing agency. On March 29, Manpower was to release the results of a survey of nearly 37,000 employers in 27 countries. The studyfound that 41% of them are having trouble hiring people they need. Whats going on here? With global growth running at a strong 5% a year since 2004, the strategies that companies developed to hold down labor costs --- including offshoring (境外生产) work tolow-wage countries --- are running out of gas far sooner than many expected. The seemingly inexhaustible pools of cheap labor from China, India, and elsewhere are drying up as demand exceeds the supply of people with the needed skills. "Companies were hoping they wouldnt have to worry about human resources at all." says Peter Capelli, director of the Center for Human Resources at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School. "Now they do." Corporations are determined to keep labor costs under control, so theyre reaching deeper into their bag of tricks. Some are doing more in-house training, so they dont have to hire high-priced talent on the open market. Some are lowering their standards for new hires or moving operations to undeveloped territories other outsourcers (外包商) havent discovered, such as the Belarusian capital, Minsk, or smaller cities in Bulgaria and Romania.( Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. It can be inferred that the Los Angeles movie studio________________________________.79. Why wont the able people go to fill the jobs ?_______________________________________________________________ ___________.80. What did western companies think of the cheap labor market from Asian countries?_______________________________________________________________ ___________.81. More in-house training in some companies aims at_________________________________.第II卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.在日本，是不允许在地铁和公共汽车上用手机打电话的。
